Good governance: A new framework for political analysis of the students of

Cavite State University Tanza Campus

INTRODUCTION
All nations, developed and developing, are looking for a new form of governance
that is more appropriate to the times in order to gain an advantage in economic
competitiveness and produce significant and sustainable social growth in a period of
great change, accelerating globalization, and growing uncertainty. According to the
world bank giving stronger emphasis on improving governance is a step in the right
direction, noting that this enhances the investment climate in the Philippines, increases
the efficiency of public spending, and contributes to growth that benefits the poor and
the most vulnerable.
Governance is directed and overseen by the management to ensure that the
organization is achieving the desired outcomes and to guarantee that the organization is
acting prudently, ethically, and legally while management makes operational decisions
and policies, and keep the governance bodies informed and educated. The two
concepts are the key to good and exceptional political analysis. Good governance
relates to the political and institutional processes and outcomes that are necessary to
achieve the goals of development. The true test of 'good' governance is the degree to
which it delivers on the promise of human rights: civil, cultural, economic, political, and
social rights.
In managing the governance of millennials or the new generation, they need to
know how the nation will develop, what ideas they need to prioritize upon selecting
government officials, and if the official will listen and take action on every complaint or
suggestion the community makes. Governance refers to all processes of governing, the
institutions, processes, and practices through which issues of common concern are
decided upon and regulated. Good governance adds a normative or evaluative attribute
to the process of governing. Righteous governance relates to the political and
institutional processes and outcomes that are required to achieve the goals of
development.
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The main objective of this research is primarily to know the potential effect of the
new framework for political analysis and good governance on the students of the CvSU-
Tanza Campus
Specifically, this study aims to know:
1. Socio-demographic profile of the respondents:

a. Sex
b. Age
c. Civil Status
d. Educational Attainment
2. Is good governance good for development?
3. Correlate good governance to political analysis of the students of CvSU – Tanza
Campus.
4. Are the students aware that politics have a great impact to have good
governance?

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The researchers conducted this study to identify the effect of the new framework for
political analysis and good governance on the students of the CvSU-Tanza Campus

TO THE RESEARCHERS. This study may benefit the Researchers’ knowledge about
the other effect of politics to have good governance.
TO THE STUDENTS. This study could help the students, therefore, they know whom to
choose upon electing a person for the community.
TO THE COMMUNITY. The results of this study may provide a beneficial outcome for
the people.

TIME AND PLACE

This study was conducted at Cavite State University In Bahay Katuparan, Bagtas,
Tanza, Cavite. It was chosen The researchers as locals of the study since it is one of
the respondents of the study is located in the area. The investigation will be held from
June 2023 to July 2023. The researchers hoped that this study will be more productive
and motivate the students.
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
The principal objective of this study is to identify the potential effect of the new
framework for political analysis and good governance on the students of the CvSU-
Tanza Campus. The survey will be collected at Cavite State University In Bahay
Katuparan, Bagtas, Tanza, Cavite. The investigation will be held from May 2023 to June
2023.

OPERATIONAL AND DEFINITION OF TERMS

Correlate - have a mutual relationship or connection, in which one thing affects or
depends on another.
Development - a specified state of advancement or growth.
Economy - a system of interrelated production and consumption activities that ultimately
determine the allocation of resources within a group.
Framework - a structural plan or basis of a project.
Governance - the act or process of governing or overseeing the control and direction of
something.
Institutional - relating to organized establishments, foundations, societies, or the like, or
to the buildings they occupy.
Political analysis - aims at answering a given question concerning a certain political
process, or event, as well as at predicting future developments.
Process - a series of actions or steps taken in order to achieve a particular end.
Rights - the right to life and liberty, freedom from slavery and torture, freedom of opinion
and expression, the right to work and education, and many more.
Socio-demographic - quantifiable factors which means you can measure them.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Profile of students of Cavite  Data collection of  Assess the effect
State University – Tanza students’ profile. of the new
Campus according to:  Administering of framework for
 Sex questionnaire. political analysis
 Age  Gathering, and good
 Understanding about organizing, governance on the
governance presenting data from students of the
 Awareness of the the questionnaire. CvSU-Tanza
new political analysis  Statistical Analysis Campus.
of Data.

 

Chapter II
 Review of Related Literature

Governance and Good Governance: A new Framework for political Analysis

According to (Fudan J. Hum, 2018), In a time of great change, accelerating globalization
and increasing uncertainty, all countries, whether developed or developing, are
searching for a new form of governance that is better adapted to the times so as to gain
an advantage in economic competitiveness and create substantial and sustainable
social growth. As governance theory is becoming the dominant political theory in
response to the change, the values backing the discourse and texts consistent with
them have helped revise the theory of government in mainstream politics and were
agreed upon by global politicians, scholars, officials and entrepreneurs. When we
comprehend governance theory based on the practice of public administration in China,
it strikes us how theoretically and practically important governance theory is for
rebuilding the intellectual system of China’s democratic politics, searching for an
institutional platform for good governance, transforming the public policy-making model
and getting rid of the practice in public administration in the process of market-oriented
development that is inefficient, or even fails in many ways.
The English word governance derives from Latin and ancient Greek and originally
meant control, guidance and manipulation. Its meaning had long overlapped with the
word government and was mainly used to refer to administrative and political activities
related to national public affairs. However, in the 1990s, it was given a new meaning by
western political scientists and economists. Since then, the word has implied much
more than it did traditionally and is starkly different from what the word government
means. Instead of an exclusively English word, it is in common use among people
speaking other major European languages; instead of an exclusively political term, it is
widely used in social and economic spheres.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40647-017-0197-4?
fbclid=IwAR2dc7o0zUjwj7z9NKkQeefqM2NOYQqyJjznfvNsMoykkXlv0K_X6vlMeoY
Governance and Good Governance: International and Aboriginal Perspectives
According to (Tim plumptre and John Graham, 2009), Governance is a term which, from
about 1990 on, has progressed from obscurity to widespread usage. Not surprisingly,
there are differences of view as to what governance means. A not-uncommon tendency
is to use governance as a synonym for “government”. This confusion of terms can have
unfortunate consequences. For example, one of the “trends” seminars was exploring
what should be done about a particular public policy issue. It was agreed that the heart
of the issue was a problem of “governance”. In this discussion, however, “governance”
and “government” were used interchangeably by most participants. The consequence
was that the policy issue became defined implicitly as a problem of “government”, with
the corollary that the onus for “fixing” it necessarily rested with government. The idea
that there might be other ways of addressing the problem, or that other sectors of
society might take the initiative in dealing with it, was not considered. Thus, equating
governance with government constrained the way in which the problem was conceived
and put blinders around the range of strategies that seemed available for dealing with it.
In short, confusion over terminology related to governance can have important practical
consequences: it may affect not only the definition of a problem but also the policy
analysis about how to resolve it. The need for governance as a concept distinct from
government began to manifest itself when government became an organization apart
from citizens rather than a process. In ancient Athens, reputedly the cradle of
democracy, we are told citizens met in the marketplace to deal with issues of public
concern. Government in such a setting was simply a process for dealing with issues.
Today, however, government is seldom defined as a process; it is instead seen as an
institution (or a set of institutions), one of several societal ‘players’ or actors.
https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/122184/govgoodgov.pdf

Effective e-Governance for Good Governance in India

According to (Kalsi Kiran and Vaidya, 2009), A Shared Vision of Stakeholders for
leveraging the use of Information and Communication Technologies for delivering Good
Governance will be evolved through the “Participatory Stakeholder Assessment” (PSA)
and its weighted analysis. Critical gaps in the existing policy framework and priorities set
by the Government would be identified. For fulfilling this shared vision a Strategic Policy
Framework of Generic nature would be proposed. An e-Governance Road map for
Good Governance including accelerated social and economic development would be
evolved through a consultative/ discussion process with stakeholders by critically
evaluating the important parameters The present research would attempt to identify and
establish linkages between the factors responsible for creating a conducive environment
for effective/ successful implementation of eGovernance in a Multidimensional Matrix/
space and factors relating to Good Governance, eGovernance Issues & Challenges,
demography, economy, geography, culture and others, especially in the Indian context.
The study proposes to use both primary and secondary sources of information. The
notified policies, reports and published research work would be used in the study as a
secondary source of information. The present research is an attempt to identify and
establish linkages between the factors responsible for creating a conducive environment
for effective/ successful implementation of e-Governance and factors relating to Good
Governance, e-Governance Issues & Challenges. The paper focuses on the frequency
of use of the Services, and Priority for improving the service through Computerization/
use of IT/ EGovernance.
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nirmaljeet-Kalsi-2/publication/
228949741_Effective_e-Governance_for_Good_Governance_in_India/links/
560a636e08ae4d86bb13835b/Effective-e-Governance-for-Good-Governance-in-
India.pdf

Good governance and good aid allocation

According to (Gil S. Epstein, 2009), A stylized fact of development policy has become
that “good governance” is a necessary pre-requisite for foreign aid to be effective in
raising a nation's rate of growth, lowering poverty, and generally achieving development
goals. Allocating aid on the basis of good governance is a “win–win” situation: objective
criteria can be established on what constitutes good governance, and aid can be
allocated and disbursed on this basis with minimal need for detailed bureaucratic
planning, disbursement, and oversight. Giving aid to those with good governance
reduces the necessity of having many levels of checks and allows more decision-
making by those closest to the needs. The good governance criterion in recent aid
discussions arose as part of the rather lively debate on the effectiveness of foreign
aid.1 At the heart of the debate is the claim that aid is only effective in an appropriate
policy environment; otherwise, it will be diverted by corrupt bureaucracies and self-
interested governments. While there is general acceptance amongst many researchers
that better policies and governance result in more effective aid, there continues to be
lively debate on the implementation of the ‘good governance’ criterion.2 The introduction
into the US debate of the Millennium Challenge Account and the establishment of the
Millennium Challenge Corporation arose in the environment where it was believed that
policies matter for aid effectiveness and emphasized assistance conditioned on
attaining defined levels of good governance.3 There are some who argue that aid should
be conditioned on all values of a chosen good governance index (that is, ceteris
paribus, the higher the value the more aid at all levels of the index). The World Bank's
IDA (International Development Association) has for decades explicitly conditioned aid
allocation on its well-known CPIA (Country Policy and Institutional Assessment). Others
are not as specific, arguing that aid effectiveness depends on policy.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304387808000734

Governance, good governance and global governance: Conceptual and actual

challenges
According to (Thomas G. Weiles, 2010) his article takes seriously the proposition that
ideas and concepts, both good and bad, have an impact on international public policy. It
situates the emergence of governance, good governance and global governance, as
well as the UN's role in the conceptual process. Although 'governance' is as old as
human history, this essay concentrates on the intellectual debates of the 1980s and
1990s but explores such earlier UN-related ideas as decolonisation, localisation and
human rights, against which more recent thinking has been played out. A central
analytical perspective is the tension between many academics and international
practitioners who employ 'governance' to connote a complex set of structures and
processes, both public and private, while more popular writers tend to use it
synonymously with 'government'.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/713701075

The “Good Governance” Concept Revisited

According to (Ved P. Nanda, 2019), The term “good governance” is unsettled in its
meaning. Through the 1980s and 1990s, donor countries and institutions trended to
make aid conditional upon reforms in the recipient country, which was found largely
ineffective in encouraging real policy changes. More recently, donors, such as the
International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, and the United States, are increasingly
insisting upon performance and good governance as a prerequisite for aid, a practice
called “selectivity.” This is a means of requiring a recipient state to demonstrate the
seriousness of its commitment to economic and social reforms. There are no objective
standards for determining good governance: some aspects include political stability, the
rule of law, control of corruption, and accountability. High levels of poverty and weak
governance are linked, making selectivity difficult to implement. For reforms to succeed,
domestic support, ownership, and commitment are crucial, as are the recipient's cultural
context and history.

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0002716205282847

Good Governance Means Performance and Results

According to (Robert I. Rotberg, 2014), If the object of developing and developed world
leaders is to uplift their peoples continually, then it is essential to measure
approximations of actual service deliveries (what we ought to mean by “governance”),
not to rate nations impressionistically according to the perceived quality of their
operations, their perceived impartiality (as per Rothstein), the extent of their
bureaucratic autonomy (as per Fukuyama and others), or their capacity to coax or
coerce citizens. Only in that positive manner can we distinguish the governments that
are producing abundant political goods (i.e., good governance) from those that no
longer are, or never did.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/gove.12084

Cooperative forms of governance: Problems of democratic accountability in

complex environments

According to (Yannis, 2003), Various schools of research in public policy (the literature
on ‘governance’ and its continental counterparts) are converging to focus on the growth
of policy styles based on cooperation and partnership in networks, instead of on vertical
control by the state. This article focuses on issues of democratic accountability and
responsiveness with these governance arrangements. It argues that until recently the
legitimacy of governance networks was not at the forefront of theoretical developments,
even though the ‘democratic deficit’ of governance is problematic both for normative and
for pragmatic reasons. There is now increased sensitivity to this problem, but the
remedies presented in the literature are unsatisfactory, and critiques of governance
presuppose a somewhat idealised image of representative democracy in terms of
accountability or responsiveness of decision-makers. They also fail to offer adequate
solutions to some of the central legitimacy problems of policy-making in complex
societies.

https://ejpr.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1475-6765.00093

The Choice of Governance Modes of International Franchise Firms —

Development of an Integrative Model
According to (Maria Ojobor, 2013), This paper examines the evolution of the
international franchise research with special focus on the governance modes of the
international franchise firm and develops a new model for the franchisor's choice of the
international governance modes. International governance modes in franchising refer to
wholly-owned subsidiaries, joint venture franchising, area development franchising and
master franchising. Although many studies on the governance modes of the
international franchise firm have been published in the last two decades, no prior study
develops an integrative framework that investigates the determinants of the international
governance modes by combining organizational economics and strategic management
perspectives. Specifically, this study explains the governance modes of the international
franchise firm by applying transaction cost theory, agency theory, resource-based and
organizational capabilities theory and property rights theory.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1075425313000860
Internal Government Assessments of the Quality of Governance in China

According to (Martin Dimitrov, 2014), Internal assessments of the quality of governance

allow authoritarian regimes to identify and address public discontent before it threatens
regime stability. This article provides a theory of how the information necessary to
produce such assessments is collected, processed, and utilized to guide policy. The
empirical focus of the article is on China, which is used to illustrate how information-
gathering channels in communist autocracies differ from those used in electoral
autocracies. The theoretical argument of the article is that petitions rather than elections
function as the main channel for gathering information on popular perceptions about
governance problems in communist autocracies. Information compiled through the
analysis of petitions is valued because it allows the leadership to identify problems with
policy implementation; to track corruption; and to monitor the level of popular trust in the
regime. Although protests provide similar information, they can threaten stability.
Therefore, the advantage of petitions from the perspective of the regime is that they
allow for routine information transfer without compromising stability maintenance. This
study is based primarily on previously unavailable archival sources and on a systematic
analysis of internal-circulation (neibu) materials, which provide insight into internal
government understandings of governance problems in China.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12116-014-9170-2
 Chapter lll

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

Among the qualitative research method, the researchers will use a descriptive research
design. It will also investigate the framework of political analysis in Barangay bagtas,
Tanza Cavite

Participants of The study

The participants of this study is one hundred (100). The 100 participants are the
residents of barangay bagtas

Sampling technique

The researchers will utilize simple random technique in which every individual has an
equal chance of selection

Data Gathering

A survey questionnaire will be composed of close ended questions for data gathering.
It is a structured questionnaire made up to several statements which will help to
determine the new frame work of political analysis in barangay bagtas, tanza cavite

Statistical Treatment of Data

Data will be analyze using statistical tools such as frequency counts, percentage,
means and standard devlation to describe the socio demographic profile of the
participants