ay Operation Department Strategies 5 and Analysis EIU RLY Discuss the strat 1 ies and anal 2. Examine operations str: 3, Der 'ysis in operations management ategies, lop possible results of forec aries meets of the business. Being consistent is the life in business. vendia : Pending on the result. Never expound legitimacy without plans,anc! support ftom the management. Being more subtle in the execution means being less in perfecting the craft. The operations department has dynamic set of activities, directions or mandates from the upper management, and approved plans and guidelines from other business departments that they will try to implement, The operations will notify bulk of transaction such as the combination of mini-function or responsibilities during the operation of business. In the retail industry, branch managers need to receive amemorandum related to specific work instruction like implementation of sales promotion which came from the marketing department, cash sales reporting procedure came from the accounting department, purchase order of goods from the supply chain department, schedule server maintenance of IT system, and many more. ‘Therefore, the operations department is the implementor of all the preparations and plans orchestrated by the operations team. TET MUC UCT LULL _ Operations management (OM) is the process of running a business in accordance to the set of standards and compliance set by the operations personnel and other planners from different departments of business. asting operation strategies and their analysis, Gonoral Management Finance Operations ‘Supply Chain Information Technology Security Other functional Figure: Retail Operations as middleman 59forts to produce positive results towards the goal hine, materials, and methods, and objectively and analysis. On the other hand, operations s, business owners, and customers, The OM maximizes the personnel’ ef He or she uses resources like money, men, mac organizes all related business through strategies middleman of support department a of personnel through hierarchy from the upper level. Geographic positions like having branches or outlets will supply the organization the through operations personnel. Some positions in operations manager, regional manager, area manager, district team leader, specialist, assistant, clerk, and the team is also the The operations department is composed management down to the rank-and-file the operations department are manager, branch/store manager, supervisor likes. PITTA SMa LUC OLULLS ALi Lol VE ELE he core activities in business. Production is the Production of goods is one of t fabrication of raw materials, combined with efforts of people, machine, and other resources resulting in finished products. The production of goods is done in a factory, restaurant's kitchen, laboratory, port, garage, and similar locations. The production's considered decision making aspects include geographic location, political stability, currency and inflation, taxes and regulations, raw materials advantages, labor-cost/regulations/availability, power- infrastructure/ports/airports, supply chain, management, and know-how/engineering/ machinists. According to Will Kenton (2020), Fundamental Analysis, Sectorsand Industries Analysis, Manufacturing Production, and Investopedia, there are different types of production. These are as follows: 1. Make to Stocks (MTS) ‘The make-to-stock (MTS) procedure may be a conventional generation procedure that is based on request figures. It is best utilized when there is unsurprising demand for items like flowers during Valentine's Day, graduation toga, candles during the Halloween season, and toys during the Christmas season. MTS can be tricky when the demand is troublesome to anticipate based on the customers’ order or requirements. When utilized with an item that has an unusual commerce cycle, MTS can lead to overstock status and decreased profit margin. 2. Made to Order (MTO) MTO is also known as “built to order”. This permits customers to order items according to their needs and preference. One of the disadvantages of MTO is the possibility of higher cost compared with MTS (goods produced per batch). Some examples of MTO are related to technology such as customized computer, garments, and some kinds of food that will only be prepared and cooked once ordered ahead of days or time before the pick-up. 3. Make to Assemble (MTA) It is the combination of MTS and MTO. Some examples are ordering food in a restaurant or fast-food chain. The chief will cook the food once ordered by the customer. By doing this, the fresh ingredients will be prepared and cooked deliciously as expected 60ast and order of the by the guests. In fast-food, they cook the food based on their forecast an ft rand a freezer/chiller customers. Both restaurants and fast-food chains have a stockroom and area where they could store raw mate rials that serve as ingredients of the 4, Just-in-Time (JIT) facturing The father of IT is Taichi Ohno. The JIT was first applied at the Toyota manu z su i plant. The purpose of JIT is to eliminate waste, continuous improvement, g a housekeeping, set up time reduction, levelled /mixéd production, kanbans, jidoka, an andon. Kanbans means pulling of products and components as tool during a procet? Fidoka is the automation of machines resulting in the continuous production 0! Boo’ while the workers are monitoring the actual production. Andon means alerting tro lights to detect problems and provide immediate solution. Production of goods simply means opportunities to convert into sales. As much 2 possible, resources should not be lost or spoiled and considered as wastage. Nowadays, businesses design their production in accordance with the situation and capabilities In some restaurants, customers may view their kitchen through “see through” design. By doing this, cooking and preparing food ingredients are visible to the customers. In effect, the restaurant chef or cook will perform the standard procedures, In return, customers may recognize the process as good quality. Production of Goods Ratio Analysis (PGRA) is forecasting the finished product output/outcome of equipment, machines, or tools during the produ investing in any tangible asset of business should quantify the results. ‘ion. Usually, PGRA Formula: 1 Equipment/machine/tool: Quantity produced Sample Analysis of Machine/Equipment/Tools capaci 1 vending machine of beverage: stocked of 80-10 pieces of in can beverage per month 1 computer laboratory: 30 computers Sample Analysis of Machine/Equipment/Tools Productivity results: 1 vending machine of beverage with a stocked of 80-100 month: generates income of Php 2,400 ~ Php 3,000 (Phy beverages) WED a | in analysis People are the greatest asset of an organization, Workers sustain the bi of employees signifies the development of a company because it gives jobs employees and their fami pieces of in can beverage per P 30 average price of canned usiness, Hiring and income for ly. The question is, how can the employees perform their tasks 61rent? Nowadays, technologies relativ, y. Technology positiy it ly fast mode, product quality, and even, in people because it decreases th, i ommitm according to management expectation and ¢ : + turnover of a compan affect the manpower expenses and manpower 1 contributes to the production volume of outputs in f market competitiveness. Sadly, technology May substitute budget to hire and retain employees. Outputs Figure: Funnel Performance Criteria Funnel performance criteria is the process of combining manpower performing tasks with the help of technology. Perfecting results and producing expected outputs would easily be achieved by the combination of workforce skills and application of technology Technology should not fully substitute people in a work situation. People help to apply the technology during the production-of outputs. People have good sound judgment like trouble shooting, monitoring and assuring of product quality and quantity. For example, a factory worker is standing beside a machine while operating it by clicking the selection buttons. Some outputs might be rejected if the finished product did not meet the standard of the company. In another situation, manual production of goods needs more time and effort. In the case there is a volume order from the customers, the business owner needs sufficient workers to fabricate the goods or services. That is why, technology should be essential during the production. Meaningfully, both technology and humans should be “partners”, Manpower contribution analysis Formula: 1: Quantity, Product, Sales, and-other performance measurement Sample Analysis of Tasks: 1 Accounting Staff: Perform journalizing transactions of 3 companies 1 Security Guard: Safeguard property of 500 square meters with 5 employees and has estimated 100-200 customers ; 1 Brand Manager: Manage 1 brand activities like conducting research, planning, a organizing Deliverables 62sample Analysis of Manpower Productivity results: cs); Generates 1 Accounting Stall (who performs journalizing transactions of 3 companies): Gen Php 90,000 revenues for the company (Php 30,000 x 3. companies) a" 5 employees 1 Security Guard (who safeguards the property of 500 square meters with Eel eped and has estimated 100-200 customers); Generates around Php 100.0 f revenues for company (Php 1,000 average sales purchase x 100 200 customers) 1 Brand Manager (who manages 1 brand): Generates Php 5,000,000 sales per Year Manpower Contribution Analysis (MCA) is measuring the productivity of manpower to particular (asks assigned to the worker, ‘This analysis helps the managers to decide in investing in people through hiring, training, and other manpower ae development decisions. Each plantilla position in the organization should be meastie’’ through productivity in order to create balance, to make wise decisions, and to forecast s future of the business. After forecasting the revenue, the manager could forecast the expenses applied on a position, SEU CCAS Space signifies opportunities. “Never underestimate the value of a space” It is intended for putting investment on the space either to sell, operate, or advertise, Space is the venue of products for display, advertisement to present, machine and equipment to work, Space is measured through units such as area, Mathematically speaking, area measurement is “ dassified such as square measure, linear measure, and cubic measure. Space productivity is essential in allocating. proper investment or resource to ensure attainment of goals, Every space has value and number. Value is seen in terms of return for the business entity while number is perceived as price and cost. Physical evidence is also under the marketing mix. Physical evidence is a tangible business aspect that helps in operating the business as well as selling. Some examples of physical evidence are store, chairs, computer, gondola, shelves, tables, machines, equipment and others. For the new normal set up, some physical evidence can be seen in online process such as online advertising and website. Space productivity is not comparable so business decision makers should carefully analyze it. ‘The following are the classifications of space productivity analysis based on physical evidence perspective. |. Floor Space - normally a specific real estate property is measured by square meter (sqm). Every sqm must be productive. It may generate sales or operating activities, Analysis Formula: Productivity eturn (sales) / sqm Sample computation A. Php 10,000 / 5 sqm = Php 2,000 sales productivity per sqm * B. Php 10,000 / 100 sqm = Php 100 per sqm (as rental rate) Note: “Sales are obtained from actual selling of goods. It depends on the price of goods and ‘otal accumulated sales which were stored or put in the area. 63 aesaid to be the free-standing fixture or storay, 2. Gondola space ~ In retail business, this is where goods are displayed. Gondola is made of steel or wood that products co if be displayed both vertically and horizontally. The gondolas are usually found at the | | a store (gondola: supermarket, convenience store, and sometimes at the department store (gondolas are et). Gondola is also a minimal in size compared with the supermarket). Gondola is alse racks or category store racks. ssociated with islang Analysis Formula: Productivity = Gondola: Accumulated Sales Sample computation: 1 Gondola (size: 5 feet x 2’5” length x 2/5” wide): Php 100,000 accumulated sales from different products Accumulated sales = Brand A total sales products + Brand B total sales products .. so on and so forth Note: Sales are obtained from actual selling of goods. It depends on the price of goods and total accumulated sales which were stored or put in the gondola. 3. Garment racks - is a standing fixture where clothes are displayed. Some types of this include one-way rack, two-way rack, tri-way free-standing rack, four-way rack, rounder, hanging rack, and fold out. Analysis Formula: Productivity = Rack (garment displayed): Sales Sample computation: a, 4-way rack = 4 sqm: accumulated maximum clothes’ sale of Php 20,000 b. One way rack = 4 sqm: accumulated maximum clothes’ sale of Php 5,000 c. Rounder rack = 54” diameter ring: accumulated maximum clothes’ sale of Php | 40,000 Note: Sales are obtained from the actual selling of goods. It depends on the price of ‘goods and total accumulated sales which were stored or put in the gondola. Table racks — is a standing fixture intended to display merchandise such as food, clothes, toys, decorations, and other goods. Typically, table racks display merchandise with sense of creativity, The table racks also have thematic appeal to the consumers and used for branding particularly in sales promotion. Table racks are used to sell new items to promote discount and freebies and to hype new theme for the month. In fashion retail, they call the table rack as nesting table. = Analysis Formula: Productivity = Table rack: Sales Sample computation: Table rack = 1 nesting table: accumulated maximum merchandise worth Php 4,000= , Seating Capacity — is the seating accommo. Note: Nesting tables have var goods. It depends on the j on the nesting table ‘ations in sizes, Sales are obtained from actual a a MC OF goods and total accumulated sales which were displayed Wall Space ~ is also made of wood Wall racks have shelves where mer is the same as garment and table Machine, Equipment, Tools and other fixtures Space ~ used in operating activities suchas fabricating goods, doing reportoia presentation, and other related activities In investing to these, the managers and owners must quantify the results before buying and installing the machine and equipment e wall and steel where goods could be displayed on the wal pace chandise is displayed, Formula analysis of this sp racks For example, one Point of Sale e 200: ; (POS) cashier's computer can accommodate 2 300 customers in one day. Machine nits d s in the factory can produce several batches and based on the production schedule as demand and supply will also ingress the process: In the office, buying computers and printers must be analyzed for their contribution (© work and possible production of outputs, How many employees could benefit from a new printer? How many pages can it print in given period? lation of customers in a particular store or branch. Seating capacity is used in a restaurant, fast food chain, terminal, bank, theater, and the likes. Seating capacity is measured based on actual number of seats, price, and conversion of customers to buy products, ‘The seating capacity analysis formula generates possible revenue from the type of business with sitting space and occupied by the customers. Productivity is measured through this formula. Analysis Formula: Productivity = Number of Seats x Average Price x % Conversion x Period Sample computation: 50 seats x Php 150 x 70% x 4 weeks x 8 hours = Php 168, 000 (expected productivity sales) Note: Seats must be in good condition. The average price isdone through mean computation. Mean is adding all numbers in the data provided then dividing the numbers in the set. ‘The conversion rate is the fill in percentage of the seats for particular period time such as day and month. Period depends on the time and schedule that the planner wants to obtain, Hybrid space: - is the mixture of floor space, gondola-shelves, wall space, seating capacity, and operating equipment/machine. All areas will quantify the result, Every area has rationale that would contribute to complete the transaction, For example, a girl Went to department store, then she explores in the area and was convinced by the selling staff to buy. Unconsciously, the girl went to the different areas of the department store. Fortunately, every area that the girl went has contribution to sales conversion, Another example is the fast food chain that offers transactions like dine in, take out, delivery, and drive thru. Every area has a potential to generate revenue. ‘The contribution of each transaction is computed mathematically as:Analysis Formula see Prices Pete Productivity = Number of prospects x % Conversion x Average 7 Toductivity = Num then add every entry r casi ast food chain) Sample computation: (One month salesfore cast in a fast f sn Php» 7 hour x 90% conversion x Php 0 averay, Dine in = 25 walk in transaction customers per See eae Price x 8 hours selling store operation x 30 days = Php 486, oe avel e Take Out = 5 take out queries per hour x 95% conenions hp 8 x8 hours selling store operation x 30 days = Php 136, i e price Delivery = 3 delivery queries per hour x 95% ee verion § Php 200 average pi * 8 hours delivery operation x 30 days = Php 136,80 Drive thru = 5 drive thru customers per hour x 100% conversion x Php 200 average Price * 8 hours drive thru operation x 30 days = Php 240,000 Party Package = | party Package query per day x 50% conversion x Php 18,000 Average Party package x 30 days = Php 270,000 Total Sales Forecast for one month = Php 1,269,600 I > | Period ee Transactions | No. of Prospects _| conversion % Average Price| Hour | Days | Revenue | [Dine In 25 og 90] E 30| _ 486,000.09 Take Out 5 0.95] 129] a 30] 136,800.00 Delivery 3 0.95] 200] 3 30] _ 136,800.00 Drive Thru 5 1 200) 8) 30} 240,000.09 Party Package 1 o5| 18,000] 30] __ 270,000.00 Total] 1,269,600.00 Figure: Sample of Hybrid Space Sample computation in MS Excel Note: Customer's entry is based on the actual count. Conversion Percentage/rate is based on historical data. It may also vary if there is a significant impact such as date of promotion, events, and any changes in consumer behavior Average price is based on the historical data which is considered as the mean of buying power of buyers. Period may change according to the needed reportorial requirement of the organization, . Take note that the Variation of sizes of fixtures, equipment, and rely on the planned structure and design. The larger the space, the Produce. However, the conversion of investment and human effort conversion, other tangible assets greater opportunities to tare still depend on the Shelves are important parts in fixture fo! Creatively with concept to entice customers, Shel consumer behavior on buying Perspective. Marketing logistics like Point-of- purchase (POPs) like banner, flyers/leaflets, brochures, counter standee and the likes has a connection to conversion of Productivity, Some advertising Platforms are among the factors that pull customers. 66Moreover, ergonomics is one ¢ f the considerations in buying physical assets. Ergonomics isthe study of design and arrangement of people to fit in particular place in order to work Ergonomics in business involves understanding the movement of stakeholders like employees and customers. The design of physica, asset during business planning are collaboratively decided by the entrepreneur, ; er, engineer, technical Managers) architect, interior design «pecialist (employee) and somet Imes, suppliers, ES eS Analysis Timeand Motion study is acombined business technique founded by Frederick Winslow Taylor (Pime study) and Frank and Lilian Gilbreth (Motion study). Time and Motion study isthe process of knowing the performance ofa specific activity and corresponding time. The planner would observe, measure, and analyze the situation. The purpose of itis to improve performance, Procedures, and Productivity. An example of this i studying the queuing in a nk It starts from the moment that the client step into the door of the bank, then oes to area of inquiry, writes or clicks information of bank transaction (like deposit sip, withdrawal slip et), seats and waits for his name to be called by the bank teller or authorized bank personnel, until he successfully complete the transaction and exits from the bank. How much time is spent in minutes or seconds per activity? What is the process or activity? After answering the former questions, what recommendations would you do to improve the satisfaction of the customers? How would you guarantee quality on customer service? In effect, what advantages would the company would get.if the system and procedure are in the status quo or upgrade? Bank Name | Customer Activity Time In | Time Out | Customer Remarks Engagement Minutes / hr Second Rich Bank A Entering the 9:05 AM Greeted by (RB) bank premises a Security Guard Writing bank [9:05AM [9:07 AM [2 minutes | Used manual forms writing in deposit slip Sitting while 9:07 AM |9:20AM 113 minutes | Seated in waiting to be steady chair called Position = Engaging with 9:20AM | 9:22AM |2 minutes the bank teller Standing in front of bank teller Exiting the bank Greeted by premises Security Guard Sub-Total 17 minutesMillionaire's A Entering to bank | 1:00 PM Greeted by Bank (MB) Se a curity Guard Clicking data 1.00PM ] 1:01PM | 1 minute Used machine in automated during deposit screen machine Sitting while | 1:01PM | 4:10PM {9 minutes waiting to be called im Engaging with 1:10PM [4:11PM | tminute — | Standing in the bank teller front of bank position teller Exiting the bank 4:11 PM Greeted by premises Security Guard Sub- Total 11 minutes Figure: Sample of Time and Motion Study of two separate banks Sample Analysis: Comparing the two bank transactions, MB is faster than RB. The key success factor of RB is having an automated screen machine. Other reasons: RB opened two teller’s lane for transaction while MB opened four teller's lane. Time and Motion study is ideal for observing within company transactions and competitor's performance. For within company transactions, getting the average speed of accomplishing every task would compare the service of employees in a given period. The management provides feedback and suggestions to improve the outcome and speed up the transactions. Meanwhile, comparing the performance of the competitor vis-a-vis the company’s performance would result in benchmarking and intelligence check. The advantage of time and motion study is to know the performance of employees in complying with the set standard operating procedures of a company and at same time, to provide correct measures and suggestions for improvement purposes. After all, service is one of the reasons to retain customers. ‘Ifyou will take care of your customers, he/she will be loyal on you, but if you do not then competitors are waiting to welcome him/her”. ommunication Structure Analysis (Internal and External) Communication makes transactions successful. The world is full of sounds, words, and languages. Corporate structure in communication is classified into reading, writing, listening, and speaking. ‘There are different folks and strokes but there is only one goal to achieve ~ the realization of corporate communication. Communication is the process of exchanging ideas between the message sender and the receiver, 68pusiness communication js the “4 -) implement while Setting the done in technical correspond, Internal communication newsletter, jargon, calls, di software (like Microsoft), system of communicating strategies (0 ale Stakeholder’s perspectives such as the customers. It ence o J © OF Writing and oral presentation, In reality, corporate nication is focused on two major communication 6 cations: use 1 ed for protocols such as using memorandum, company logue: " SUES, Meetings, proposals, and presenting reports USING Job; Internal communications mana, e sure iy i€er or Director ~ the responsibility is to me that the employees and owners are Well info) ned b ; Ree ites ac organization. formed about the set of activ! ross the > External communication ~ used for disse f ers and i sseminating information to the customers @ public about new activities, 8 mation t » events, and other related product and services offered. A. Public Relation ~ to build positive brand image of the company to the public Job: Public Relations Manager ~ in-charge of cascading information about the ress of company isietimel Prog 8 0 : company and products, He/she is also the speaker during crisis time in communicating to the media and public. B. Marketing Communication ~ to promote marketing activities such as sales promotion, advertising, customer service, and sales, Job: Marketing Communications Manager ~ to ensure the cascade of marketing related activities that promote branding and attainment of marketing goals. Moreover, the Communications Manager/Director positions are both in-charge of internal and external communications. The job role is to be the communication secretariat of the organization in communication engagements from the owners, employees, media, government, and customers, e 9 Figure : Business Communication Cycle 69uring the meetin The company starts with cooperation by having meetings During 6 als, and plans are tackled all the problems, review of performance, suggestions, proposals p 4d budgeting stage, the decision makers Then, Planning follows, During th Pa a sd the top management allocate will communicate and craft a plan until it is budget for it. Then, this flowed by internal communication across the cremate n. All the owners, employees, and suppliers should be informed. All the material snd permit T x e 7 ation of goods anc y ned person based on the plan. Alloc needed will be processed by the assigned p acon popde ne fully maximized in ord marketing tools and system upgrade will be fully new activities. Once the company and its branches are ready, the marketing communications would capitalize in brand awareness SO that target customers will be informed and buy the the line managers will monitor the activities roduct. During the implementation period, , ! b 1stomers about the work in progress (WIP) and gather feedback from employees and cu statue of the activity. Ths is followed by corrective actions if needed, and submission of post evaluation report to the management. [A successful strategy has a big chance to be repeated or retained while unsuccessful activity should be a sort of learning from the organization. “Blame games” are strongly discouraged to the organizations because these are signs of immaturity. The decision makers and implementors are given authority, responsibility, and accountability to head the activities that is why they have to accept the result and look forward to progression. They have to learn from their mistake and be feasible during the planning phase. Listening to customers, employees, suppliers, and other stakeholders of business is a strong indicator of maturity and respect. In the end, “most of problems in the organization start with poor communication, while problems can be solved through effective communication”. intt Chart as Analysis Becoming stressed or worrying too much on the next activities and other things that may affect the company's and employee's performance? Then Gantt Chart organizes everything. ‘The Gantt Chart was introduced by Henry Laurence Gantt. Gannt Chart is a tool in project management used for organizing workload in planned schedule and activities. Gantt Chart carefully analyzes the activities and harmonizes it based on the execution and depending on the time. For example, a mother is doing household chores without any assistance of a maid. The mother could cook at same time, take care of the baby and wash clothes through washing machine. Now, you would notice how good is your mothe! executing the plan of the Gantt Chart. Salute to all mothers out there! oe r In the business world, most of activities are simultaneous and sequential. The sayin, Time is gold” is applicable in the Gantt Chart principle. The business practitioners rie ict timely to attain numerical goals and go ahead of the competition of industry players. 70“squauniedep soyjo pur ‘Sutunjoejnueur ‘suonesado ur pasn Apsour pue umouy AjapIM st weYD NUeD ay], ‘uoNRiUaWaduN ay) oyUOUT oy sroUURTd MOTTE [TIM sonTANe aqiseay yng Surddeps2a0 Buraag “sysey Aprep pu ya{ord Suryoune] ay] ssoutsng SuyMpayps ut pasn Ajjensn are sey nue ssamtanoe Apjaam pur Ajrep ay} 22uezeq Aayp [TIM MOH] gstuour Sunjiom pur a[Suts axe Aayp jt AqjePadsa patsea are sxayJoU Jo s|[P{S AYT, ‘stseq ANOY UO op Moo sayBOU e eI SANTA” snosueyMus axe axa UeYD NULD o[dures ssp Uo paseg, yeyD nuep Suysn soypoyy auM-[Inq :9In By uegsny au 104 aU sSamianoe feuosiad sayjo pue Sues “Buwye3 — ase9-H9S daajs 01 Ageq au Ouran Surysem Bush sayjojo BuIysem P| Area aun one | ee ee a ee Ve) Yt a 7 Duyedesg/0u4009 Anan 7Critical Path Method (CPM) and Program ANE Review Technique (PERT) What ¢ y i P| s are busy oing their responsibilities f cerned employees are busy in 8 : Ree What ean be done if all concerne i seine és ir critic nut Eo ined to the final output? The answer is Critical Path but coordination of tasks should be aligned to th p , Method (CPM) and Program El Rey eee Se erect ar aie f project t identifies the in s of project management that ; Soe ring tye aplemenvation, s proble J solves bottlenecks during ent ert sually prevents problems and solve nba aE af oes Th " tthors of CPM we James Kelley of Remington Rand Se nee De eins sks. The authors are James jens Dura PER is a project management tool that enable De a pat eictstd dates of activities and individual tasks based on planned time fila tHe Seale \ lice i 7. pose of using Ss © US. Navy’s Special Projects Office in 1957. The purpe n oa % ie take pia Jear submarine. Both CPM and PERT are eee b S ¢ project of Polaris nuclea M1 cae Siero = ause it saves time, budget, resources, and accomplishment of goa proce MANAGER The Critical Path Method Fat ih Figure: ProjectManager, The Cri ical Path Method. Source: https://www.projectmanager.com/critical-path-method Based on the illustration, there are three ways in accomplishing the tasks. The green (ABCDE) is the straight method of one approach consisting of a set of tasks and connected to one another. The blue (FG) is another set of tasks while blue (H) is a separate task. Letter A is the beginning of three different activities while the ending task with finished output is at Letter E. An example of this is preparing food for dinner. Letter A bought all the Letter F is mixing the ingredients of the desert and Letter G dessert. Letter H is cooking rice. Letter B is Preparing and main dish. Letter C is chopping the ingredients of the menu, the food. Letter E gets the final stage of three ways or lane. kinds of food (main dish, rice, and dessert) on the table. Foo food ingredients will put the final topping of the washing the ingredients of the Letter D is cooking and tasting ‘The latter is putting the three d is ready! Let's eat! Yummy!joingthe CPME, the ph i pecause perfect tim, fe yetters Gand E, “oll anne ample, critical '*r thay identify the critical areas. In this example, 1 BY . area p "B15 needed in making the dish palatable. Non critical areas 1 inccritical areas, if the worker has co, employees, the worker on the critical area will i py other employees to address the bottleneck he , Figure: Corporate Finance Institute, Project Evaluation Review Technique Source: https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com According to Corporate Finance Institute, PERT has four kinds of time estimates used in project management. These include: |, Idealistic time - The slightest sum of time to complete a task. 1. Pessimistic time - The greatest sum of time to complete a task 3, Most likely time - Expecting there are no issues, the finest time to complete a task. 4, Expected time - Accepting there are issues, the most excellent assessment of how much time will take to complete a task. ‘The advantage of PERT is to utilize resources and makes the plan easy to identify ‘sults through management. It is also purposive in spite of the lacking schedule and ‘ccuracy of determining completion schedule of tasks. Some of the disadvantages of PERT iethe complexity to interpret the diagram and involvement of subjective time investigation of tasks which needs an expert or someone with experience in using the PERT because it may affect the plan oncea less experienced employee conducts the tasks. 73Environmental Manageme speaking, Genesis 1:26 “Then God said, ‘Let ys d let them rule over the fish of the sea and the h, and over all the creatures that moye Mother earth is waving at us. Biblically make man in our image, in our likeness, an birds of the air, over the livestock, over all the eart! along the ground. : Revelation 11:18 says: “The nations were angry; and your wrath has come. The time hag i warding your servants the prophets and your saints come for judging the dead, and for r ¥ : and those who reverence your name, both small and great—and for See who destroy the earth.” Regardless of a man's religion and, philosophical views, the a sels the caretaker of the environment. Life is not only about making money but also taking care of the only habitable planet? According to the DENR, the Environmental Management Bureau, and the Environmental Compliance Assistance Center, here are the’salient Philippine laws that are applied to the environmental: 1. Republic Act 9003 Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 ~ the law mandates orderly, comprehensive and biological strong squander administration program that guarantees assurance of open well-being and environment. It guarantees legitimate isolation, collection, capacity, treatment and transfer of strong squander through detailing and adjusting of best eco-waste. 2. Republic Act 9275 Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 - this ensures that the country’s water bodies are free from contamination from land-based sources. It gives a comprehensive methodology to anticipate and minimize contamination through a multi-sectoral and participatory approach from partners. 3. Republic Act 6969 Toxic Substances, Hazardous and Nuclear Waste Control Act of 1990 - to keep the discussion about the National Air Quality guideline that sets values for the criteria of poisons in the country and minimizes the conceivable related impacts to the economy. 4. Presidential Decree 1586 Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) Statement of 1978 ~ directly forbids the importation, fabrication, preparation, deal, dispersion, utilization and transfer of chemical substances that may harm the health of people. It also disallows travel of dangerous and nuclear waste and transfer into the P! hilippine region and to encourage research study on harmful chemicals, Environmental Management (EM) in business Perspective is the management of business taking into consideration the effect of decisions that respond to the environment by designing environmental process and systems. The EM adheres to the state policies concerning all environmental laws. Some initiatives that are practiced by the society is the Principle in waste management using 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle). : 74- ways to protect o sane ways 1 PFOLEE OU planey serve wate! cons | ye electrical energy, ap?! trees plan! practice the 3R. purn garbage instead sep ponot! ia rd \ ad segregate and dispose it using waste managemen pexegradable, non-biodegradable, and recyclable volunteer in environmental activitie i Po not throw chemicals in any bodies of water, w the government laws 4 able on the situation, do lic NOL Use plastic in buying merchandise. Use eco ba t like follo Peale ated to the environment. pesign and practice environment friendly system within the company resources: i. she resources are abundant, however, it has limitation. ‘The entrepreneurs must forecast Jy and production of raw materials in the society by studying the production cycle nability of the business relies on sustainability of raw materials as the source > ly consider peso? “i i, Sustain x jucttoselland supply for office, factory, and decision makers should intelligent! he roduction based on science and conscience. In the end, “taking care of ‘environment is sho taking care of the future customers”, a Fed Le Facil “Creating good atmosphere in the workplace is one’of motivation of employees and cus- tomers to patronize the company’ Facility Management (FM) is the integrated management ofplace, people, technology, and process. The effect of FM is to guarantee safety, efficiency, ‘comfort, and functionality of the place, people, technology, and process. According to Aleks Sheynkman (Director of Engineering, SpacelQ), the FM has four | main functions. |, Supporting People - planning the desk arrangement, effectively managing employees, managing moves and space utilization, and leading crisis management plan 1, Establishing processes ~ some processes use work order request, save space within the premises, check customers, and arrange crisis management planning 3. Facilities upkeep and improvement - Effective managing of vendor contracts, repair and maintenance (of equipment, machine, fixtures, tools, and supplies of building/ branch), cleanliness and sanitation of the workplace, and property management 4. Technology integration - using technology that helps in collecting data, facilities process, and forecasting cost and returns to the organization. 75he role to maintain the cleanliness ang as the rol E organization ha intaining resource ar, Every personnel in the orgar used in business for ma slogies orderliness of workplace. Some terminologie a, ts nieaktidiatie 1 and using item . ; out) ~ used in storing a One Ay end dene neste Re i { shelf has vital role in preserving the quality . and dispatching it, Produc the movement of the product. ; example can be the tool I t) - used in storing and using items. One | 2. FILO (first in, last out) - use or supplies with the same expiration date tenant: 1, first out) - used in prioritizing goods wil f y 3, FEFO (first expired, first 0 prior products, wet goods, household and the likes. soe dha . vever, other countries discourage e erchandise. However, 01 , first out) - used in mere ; machines at ete ic f tax issues, This may be used in the context of tool { this because of tax iss y equipment. ¢ An example is LILO (last in, last out) - used in storing and using merchandise F 4 ea ucts, consumption of perishable items such as'vegetables, fruits, meat poultry products, and fish. 2 CAYGO or CLAYGO (Clean as You Go) - used in the food industry especially in the fast-food chain and restaurant as part of their operating procedures. Before exiting to duty, the employee must clean the area of his workplace. In the canteen of school and offices, this procedure may also be practiced as part of corporate initiative Project Managemen ‘The forefathers of project management are Henry Gantt (the father of planning and control techniques) and Henri Fayol (creator of five management functions). Project management is the process of succe: ssfully achieving goals by specified time and criteria through managing tasks of team. Project management is used in information technology, biotechnology, localization, and other construction, factory, ‘The goal of project management is to improve quality, business operations activities lower costs, and time efficiency. ‘The 4P’s of Project Management are Plan, Process, People, and Power. Plan is the setting of plans and projected activities, Process is the setting of methods and ways to conduct different tasks and governance on the project. People is the synergy of team by good communication and collaboration. Power is the authority protocol of organization with corresponding decision-making activities and Policies. Project Management also has Suna Rone eee from ISO, International Project Management Association, ute, Global Alliance for Project Perf Management Institute and the likes, oa eg re ee Work breakdown structur WBS is breakin, demonstrates from WorkBr e (WBS) is emphasized in the ° roject management. Se deine pt? detaled tasks to make work mon pire wes Project deliverables and scope of i f WBS eakdownStructureeysn SCoPE Of Work. Here is an example of WBS taken 76Figure: WorkBreakdownStructure.com - Deliverable Based Work Breakdown Structure Source: https://www.workbreakdownstructure.com/ Project management has set of target.scope of work and deadlines to complete. In completing a project in the corporate world, expert personnel were gathered to perform and be part of the project team. In construction, the project is led by the engineer and architect, Members are laborers, foreman, security guard, accounting and administration saff, and others. In information technology projects, the leader is the IT head or manager with the support of IT staff and employees from the accounting, marketing, operations, and purchasing, Sometimes, there is also an external collaboration like the IT service provider or consultant, Product launching project is headed by the Marketing Head/Manager with the support of the purchasing, IT department, operations, and logistics. Medical mission project isheaded by the medical doctors with the support of the administration, nurses, medical technologist, other allied health professions, and medicine suppliers (company). There is nothing better than an organization that unites as one to attain the assigned mission. ‘The project management team undergoes stages of group development such as forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. The stage of team building model was developed by Psychologist Bruce Tuckman. Once the project is completed, the project team ‘sadjourned.wenn nee ene GE ~- ono n nnn nnn nnn en een ee Name: yearand Course: Date: Score: CHAPTER 4: Assessment Identification: Write your answers in the space provided ————_ ———— Sas ee ee es (ee ee —— + The management of running busi ness in accordance {0 operations principles. It is also known as “built to order’: ‘The father of Just in Time process. . Itis the analysis of manpower’s productivity. An analysis measuring the productivity per occupied space. Type of fixtures that function to display clothes. . It is the potential seating accommodation in the branch. Type of space productivity that combines results coming from floor, shelves, wall, seat, and machines. The study of calculating the performance based on the activity and time. It is the management of considering decisions that would impact the environment. 79Experiential Learning: Explain your answers based on what you learned. 1. Give one sample of space productivity analysis. Show the mathematical computatig, the possible outputs. oc) Apply time and motion study on your daily activities. . Make a Gantt Chart about activity in any of the following: office, branch, and Facto, Give one full sample of Gantt Chart.