LEVEL OF PERSONAL RESILIENCY AND EMOTIONAL EXHAUSTION AMONG

HEALTH WORKERS IN LUCENA CITY

CHAPTER II

Review of Related Literature and Studies

This chapter presents the review of related literature and studies that serve as a frame of

reference that is relevant in this study. The researchers extracted information from books,

journals, and web-based resources.

Related literature

Local

Age

OECD (2019) Resilience was lowest in the youngest age group and successively higher in the

older age groups. Age differences in resilience, we found that relatively older employees who

are forced to work showed higher resilience. than younger employees one year into the

pandemic. Some of young health workers have low resilience because they are in adjustment

period in our crisis, Older workers were more likely to reframe the crisis and see it as an

opportunity for personal growth

Furthermore, A Marchand (2018) Emotional exhaustion level reduced with increasing age in

men, but the association was Emotional exhaustion bimodal in women, with women aged

between 20-35 and over 55 years showing the highest level

Sex
According to, Dr. Rontgene Solante, (2021) Some healthcare workers at Manila's San Lazaro

Hospital (SLH) have also resigned due to exhaustion and overseas job opportunities. Because

of overwork and an unsuitable workplace, both men and women, as well as people of all

genders, are exhausted.

OECD (2021), The COVID19 pandemic is wreaking havoc on women's health, social, and

economic well-being around the world. First and foremost, women's resiliency is driving the

health response: women account for nearly 70% of the health-care workforce, putting them at

higher risk of infection. At the same time, due to school and child care facility closures, as

well as long-standing gender inequalities in unpaid work, women are shouldering a large

portion of the burden at home.

Resilience

Dr. Rio L. Magpantay, (2021) The COVID-19 epidemic has affected people all over the

world, and healthcare workers on the front lines are crucial in dealing with this global

disaster. It is critical, then, to promote the well-being and emotional resilience of healthcare

personnel, particularly during these extremely stressful times. Supporting the resilience of our

Filipino healthcare workers who are on the front lines of the pandemic Its goal is to give vital

techniques to diverse healthcare providers on how to cope with the current crises' emotional

and mental toll. As part of holistic wellbeing, it also attempts to create a secure area for

healthcare workers to breathe and air out pent-up emotions.

Exhaustion

Manila (2021) Nurses in the Philippines are battling emotional exhaustion as colleagues

develop COVID-19 or leave a profession that was already severely understaffed before the

outbreak. The country is experiencing a record spike in infections, spurred by the delta

variety, with the health authorities estimating a nurse shortage of over 100,000 people,
forcing those remaining to work long hours for low pay on frequently insecure short-term

contracts.

Related Literature

Foreign

Age

Aged 94–98 years with strong resilience were 43.1 percent more likely than those with low

resilience to live to be 100 years old in this study. Stephanie Mac Leod M., et al (2016). Age

was linked to lower levels of emotional tiredness in males. Emotional tiredness levels in

women were low at 20 years old, then grew till 30 years old. Emotional exhaustion levels

were lower between the ages of 30 and 50. Resilience has been studied further as a factor in

lifespan, with findings showing that resilience has the greatest influence at advanced ages.

Sex

Women who are overworked are more prone than males to face work-family conflict and

emotional exhausted. When people work fewer hours than they want, males are more likely

than women to get emotionally exhausted as a result of work family conflict. Cristina Rubino

(2013). Female personnel's resilience was much lower than male personnel's. During the

COVID-19 pandemic, Dai et al. (2020) discovered a substantial difference between male and

female medical staff in terms of their level of anxiety about infection spreading to their family

members.Work–family conflicts are widespread in the health worker industry and can put

workers' health at risk.

Resilience

According to Pedro Ferreira and Sofia Gomez., (2021) Despite the fact that burnout is a

well-studied symptom, there is still much to learn about it during a pandemic like the one

produced by COVID-19. Furthermore, the relationship between personal resources and

burnout is still an understudied issue, according to the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R)

paradigm. The major purpose of this study is to see how mental resilience affects the three

characteristics of burnout among healthcare personnel when they are subjected to a pandemic

situation: emotional weariness, depersonalization, and personal achievement.

Moreover Hanan Daghash, (2022) Since the emergence of COVID-19, nurses have

been working long hours and are at a significant risk of infection, putting their mental health

at danger. This can have a negative psychological and physical impact on nurses. Burnout is

brought on by a high level of stress at work. Burnout is frequent in the nursing field, and it

may have a negative impact on nurses' well-being and productivity. During a pandemic, it's

critical to identify elements that might help frontline nurses maintain their mental health and

reduce burnout.

Additional, Luceño-Moreno, Lourdes, et al., (2022) The goal of this study is to see if

there are any differences in symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety,

burnout, and resilience in Spanish healthcare workers between the first and second waves of

the COVID-19 pandemic, based on a variety of demographic and work-related variables.

Exhaustion

Huan Wang et al., (2021) Healthcare professionals, particularly front-line medical

personnel, have grown increasingly prone to emotional weariness as COVID-19 has spread.

Emotional tiredness is a risk for healthcare professionals. Before the COVID-19 epidemic,

between 31 to 54.3 percent of clinicians in the United Kingdom experienced extreme

emotional weariness [3], and exhaustion is likely to be substantially greater now.

M Ángeles López-Cabarcos, et al (2019) The nature of public healthcare underscores

the importance of not only comprehending the role of emotional exhaustion in the relationship

between job demands and desirable employee attitudes, but also of combining certain job
resources with other organizational variables to moderate employees' feelings of emotional

exhaustion. The purpose of this paper is to discuss this topic.

Serena Barello ., et al (2021) The effect of organizational support in lowering the

negative impact of perceived COVID-19 work-related stresses on burnout, as well as the

function of COVID-19-related organizational demands and threats in predicting emotional

tiredness. Furthermore, the current study aims to improve our understanding of the role of

personal resources in the Job Demands-Resources model (JD-R) by examining whether

personal resources, such as professionals' attitudes toward patient engagement, can enhance

the impact of job resources while reducing the impact of job demands.

Related Studies

Local

Resilience

According to Hart, Brannan, & De Chesnay, (2014), personal resilience, or a

person's ability to 'bounce back' or recover rapidly after a stressful experience, may

aid nurses in coping with stressors and enduring the burden they bring. According to

Cooper, Brown, Rees, & Leslie, 2020, personal resilience may assist nurse’s better

cope with the stress created by the COVID-19 pandemic in the setting of the COVID-

19 pandemic. Personal resilience has been shown to protect nurses during disasters

(Labrague, Hammad, et al., 2018; Turner, 2015) and disease outbreaks (Duncan,

2020), implying that improving nurses' hardiness and coping abilities can help them

handle and deal with stressful situations more successfully.

Exhaustion
According to Lourdes Banaga (2021), "They're exhausted and burnout” Nurses in the

Philippines are battling exhaustion as colleagues contract COVID-19 or leave a profession

that was already dangerously understaffed before the pandemic. The country is experiencing a

record increase in infections, fueled by the delta variant, with the health department reporting

a nursing shortage of over 100,000, forcing those left to work long hours for little pay on

often precarious short-term contracts.

Related Studies

Foreign

Age

According to Erica S. Edwards (2015) Older health workers struggle from their resiliency

because they feel loss and rejected because of their age Older adults are rarely associated with

resilience. Older people suffer from loss and decline as a result of their age. Individuals in this

age group actually have a higher level of subjective well-being than those in any other age

group. In a world of turmoil, change, and chronic illness, "resilience thinking" in older adults

allows them to recover from adversity, thrive with a long-term purpose, and grow.

According to A Marchand, (2018) In men, burnout levels decreased as they got older, but in

women, the relationship was bimodal, with women aged 20–35 and over 55 showing the

highest levels of burnout.

Sex

Female and male in the context of mistreatment should be investigated further. especially as a

factor that contributes to the development of lifelong resilience and, As a result, as a

precondition for individual and community social sustainability. Erin Bekez (2010)

Benjamin Artz et al., (2021) Women report more exhaustion because their work-family

conflict is primarily due to intuitive causal factors such as increased workload, or if the
reported exhaustion is the result of unmet expectations or preferences. Indeed, the literature

has identified men and women's perceived or expected social roles as a major source of

conflict between work and family at times (Gutek et al., 1991; Eagle et al., 1997).

According to A Marchand, (2018) In men, burnout levels decreased as they got older, but in

women, the relationship was bimodal, with women aged 20–35 and over 55 showing the

highest levels of burnout.

Resilience

Isabel Manzanares et al., (2021) The COVID-19 epidemic in Spain has pushed health-care

systems and, in particular, health-care personnel to their limits. It is critical to understand the

factors that drive employees to react negatively to pressures induced by the pandemic and to

analyze resilience as an individual resource.

Exhaustion

According to Poku, C.A., Donkor, E. & Naab, F.,(2021) the subject of

emotional exhaustion organizations has gained traction as a result of changing job

practices and the issues that come with them. Unhealthy practice environments are a

major contributor to nurses' emotional tiredness, and any organizational culture that

does not support its employees incurs significant burnout costs. The goal of the study

was to determine the rate of emotional exhaustion among Ghanaian nurses, as well as

the factors that contribute to it and the coping mechanisms employed by nurses to

overcome it.

Panari Chiara,et al., (2019) Emotional exhaustion is a condition that affects health

workers and has a negative impact on job satisfaction; literature suggests that job

demands may be a source of this chronic stress. However, the relationship between

job demands, work engagement, and exhaustion hasn't always produced consistent

results.
Huan Wang et al., (2021) Healthcare professionals, particularly front-line medical personnel,

have grown increasingly prone to emotional weariness as COVID-19 has spread. See how

time constraint affected front-line healthcare professionals' emotional weariness, as well as

the impacts of social sharing and cognitive reappraisal.