1.) A multiplexer is a type of combinational circuit that is unique.

With 2m = n, there are n data

inputs, one output, and m pick inputs. It's a digital circuit that chooses one of n data inputs and
sends it to the output. The chosen inputs are in charge of picking one of the n inputs. One of n
data sources is chosen and sent to the single output Y based on the digital code implemented at
the selected inputs. The strobe or allow feedback, which is useful for cascading, is labeled E. It is
usually an active low terminal, which ensures that when the voltage is low, it can perform the
necessary function.
A demultiplexer does the opposite of a multiplexer, receiving one input and distributing it
through multiple outputs. It only has one input, n outputs, and a m pick input. Just one output
line is chosen at a time by the select lines, and the data is sent to that output line. A single pole
multiple way switch is similar to a de-multiplexer.
A decoder is a circuit that combines two or more elements. It has n input and to a limit m = 2n
outputs. Without any data entry, a decoder is similar to a demultiplexer. It executes operations
that are the polar opposite to what an encoder does.
The 2 to 4 line decoder block diagram. The two inputs are A and B, and the four outputs are D
through D. A truth table shows how a decoder works. It demonstrates that each output is 1 only
for a certain set of inputs.
The reciprocal function of the decoder is performed by an encoder, which is a combinational
circuit. There are n number of input lines and m number of output lines in an encoder. An
encoder converts the digital input number into an m-bit binary code. The encoder takes an n-bit
digital word as input and transforms it to an m-bit digital word.

Priority encoder. If two or more input lines have the value 1 at the same time, the input line
with the highest priority is used. D0, D1, D2, D3 are the four inputs, and Y0, Y1 are the two
outputs. D3 is the most important of the four inputs, while D0 is the least important. This
implies that if D3 = 1, Y1 Y1 = 11 regardless of the other inputs. In the same way, if D3 = 0 and
D2 = 1, Y1 Y0 = 10 regardless of the other inputs.

2.)