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(3 sy" _ dx* do + io ae dz*/ do ae ts to “to (SO al (1. 5. 8) BAG. 5. 8) 0A PLL SHEE fe pea $2, 2.5.9) 1h Sh 2 Oy BH TL dx!) dz® da? dot tO Gs do LOPE AN br BETES Bat OY fy HT Sia Jen Hi 1 ii St SY DS (a) SPH. 5. ANCL. 5. 10) RH, RAGS EE o BA 19 =0. 1.5. 10)So) = 0. FRE C1. 5. 4) RI 5 RAP HE TH A Ae AF ANQ) = AP + Q), a.5.411) dz Ge (b) INS RIMM. Ho Fo PRAM A SE CL. 5. 9) RRR TE TS TB Po de ED (iy St Hy Wee AE ER EE He. BE AS =6. (1.5.12) 81.6 desk ee RMVEAAE RAR ES LER HERE (ACRE SHAE. HEAR AE ry A 8 ALY AE SK BPA I wh BT BRAK, Em ak FE (T) (AF BY Ds 8 fe OG A OK FL. BE — EH A, (ar) HY BRD AE ta Aane= Anne ~ PRAnn — PivAay = Aine ~ VhuwAe — UiAge — Tide + LEP AL — Pep Aaiy .6.D FAs, oo RT pe Flv YL PR EY Ay FAawe = Arad =F RaAy — Dye Aay)s (1. 6.2) Hep Ri = — Phy + Py HLT ALS. 6.3) 1. 6. FCA AR SK HS A a Ba At, RE SK a 1 i i SK WE. CL. 6. 2) iE A a AE AEP SE ES PELE A) BRE SK RE ee ES AS PB HER EIR) «A, BY PRR DE ft 20,REA BY WA ARRIK IF. Hime XK. 6. 3) AY ay He SK EY HE. AE ee FE IDG 2s FH 2 —— BT RT aE. PK ER Re Av BI 4. BD Rin = — Row (1.6.4) HAR EA CL 3) BNR EE. EB] DASA SF. TZ BY a IE BE Aw = Riws (1.6.5) a PE Ro = Ria. (1. 6.6) HPA CL. 6. 4) 89 2 BRE Ria AY BK Hi 2 5 EE 5 Hy TT SRE HO 4E 2 Til SK DK Sa Vy th 9 kf Ho Se Hat AB HE BY LE FAR 5 ck RE BR Bl — i BY BE Be oe" "ET T= 0, EVA. (1. 6.7) FI AEAX SH LGR EN SR. AV ARAN SR HEBER oA, = 0. 1. 6.8) SR MATE VAL BEEN ES AR ERE PL. Sb id St 28 Pr AT # 1.6.9) BULGE Vi xy WU Hee P.IVA 9 28 Dd SHAY. 5k UR DL. eR A AT] A GE EK BE GAB FE Ea Fe SLAY a. (APS te — nk Ba SK Hite CH, GK aE ERE BB TW HE — 10) SS Bas FE) A. RR AN BGK Hak» RB OY EHR 2S EER EWE ERA FARA WE. GREE ATES] Fad ty SG EAA SPE 8 SK BO a TIL fe HEI 21HR NOLES AN Hy FS HE Yo SR BESTA. Dae BRAT GTB R EA’ HA RAYS. & da” Al Ox" SEP AIT IT AML CI 1.01). FE PURE RE AY OF dz" BQ, EK Ox" B MBE da" ® NaF — So" AB PBK P Raa A* MEM T AAC+ OA", HP ESA RE SURE OA" V5 PAY RE. AEE BOT ST Hh RUB OF Be oan = ER Adxtbx ~ da'8x"), (1.6. 10) SOF RL TEE. 6. 3) 52 BY Be 7 HoH. EA aK HE APA. 6. 10) A. OE PRR AT SV A HH, US VOY P fo 4 E— BF FS ii A Ba RAO RAE. RHR. RRM VA-AEBEV ASAE 11 RAMS ty ESERIES EVA. 22S-—B HZ (Riemann) L(y EDI ETAL S| A IE Le AAR PT UD. GK SEBEL it ty HER 7 Ui ey Lay A 2 LE KE. 82.1 RES Rke PUTA KL ds? = g,da“dz" (2.1.1) EE CE ADA SL CR RIE da HU BERS ds. ME ds GBR HK AIS RE. ORE 0 BEE — BA RS a EE BE BK Bh Oy BBR. co GEE. Ba = Boe (2.1.2) BEI 5 ght) RAKAL ERY ds EG HEAR» PAL HT EL AS A FEA PB 1. EOe a SM POT Ta» SAE A BE FF AY 2S aD a OY 7]. BE ATT Se 9 He HAR NET) YP A. EH ER 8 RK ABR ILMER =z. =v Ml = 2, PRR ARE ds? = dx? + dy? + dz’. (2.1.3) EAE BLE BL SK BE 100 ke = {0 1 al (2.1.4) 00 1 SC SK EAH SP HEL S28 8 R.A SR BRB BR =r, = 8 Hl x)= 9. BER ALE 23ds? = dr’ + r'd® + rsintodg, (2.1.5) FAY AY ELK BE (2 0 0 Ew = ( ro 0 (2.1.6) 0 0 rsin’@ SEK NST HAE 5 kK AY. TEER SS Td A EL Mb TE te 5X B. Fh FF A FO HE 6) Ba A SOT BE ( Minkowski) 23 [a] CHE BSS 2-H. WER osc 2' =z. Hy MHz, RE BR ASUE dst =— e’de* + dx? + dy? + de’, (2.1.7) BILE 2 SK Be J -1000 _| 0 1 0 of_ B= 1 9 4 4 of = (2.1.8) 0001 HP RB) HE ENC BK HX: +1R-—1, way ={,. ey, (2.1.9) TAY Oy FL SL a BS ST CEG SE BES 1. 6 RADE HE BY FRE BRD ° BAER A eS XR KAR. FMI ERIE FEAT EH ESR. EBON ARH KG dy? = gada“da’, FF det | gio | AO, WM Lo AE He Fl A RAE Be FE RL Ae WSF Fe A CS). DR BN BE AES I HAL C2. 1. 9). RSS 2. MAEM AH ER eR 24BY DAFA As PERI LE PRA E RL 2,.(P HE KC2. 1. DIE KR i ETS 4 HEHE: MR IK VPS ELK SH HL BBV fy 25 8) AP). He FP SAE » Ei By Ta) SE ZF BE SLI AE BE AS AE EH (2.1. SAN FER. aX TALS He A REAY § 2. 5 PT, $2.2 SKEET EAR SS TBP HE SE HOT BB TH 9 BE EAR we NABI EA) EIDE HE. T, = BT. (2.2.1) A ft ah Ds a a a ae, TTPO BR PE Tn = Bul (2.2.2) SOU SK bts only FB. MH det | gu | AO. FRAT AT LA sae AME Hy EG ag” ETAL Baa = OH. (2. 2.3) AUF og BERT DA fe sk aa fa Le TAU RAE T' = g*T.. (2.2.4) T! = g"T.. (2.2.5) AAZ ALA BELAY VASE FE 9K BIE Ss KI AT Be FR GD BE BY) IRAE ACTER AY FG SK A RB 2 TH] SY TE Bie FG FEO A. BT FE RAY A ER HM ae Bol’T = TT’ = gT,7,, (2.2. 6) DE PREETI TE SF Py. PA2 AASB RATE ds? = g,da'da” = da.dx* ada Ax. (2.2.7) [i] — SC Pe FH BE RL HER GK ETE SK HES He TES 25gi = of. (2. 2.8) 3X — AHL AY IAC2. 2. 3s. §2.3 BBMRXK (Christoffe KR 5 HE 2 A PB ET RE. SH HE — BOR YF ARE RFR RK ERE. KE ER SE SRB HY. ASSES FT RA » AB AG AL Ik BA ER YR 256 A BEI DRE. IX AIR WE ITA FIR. FG RRP FAURE ACP). BRS PE EEE EB HQ WHR A*CP+Q), At(P > Q) = AP) — TACPYA(P)d2x*. (1. 3.7) BVBRWER BK Ml Sn(Q)A"(P + QAP + Q) = gn(PYA(PIA(P). (2.3.1) HH BE ALI BY ASD ZS SK BQ) = BelP) + Soa(P)dr', (2. 3.2) 4B CL. 3. 2A (2. 3. DRAG. 3.1), RB —-R BEE RE A” FERRE RGF : Bren ~ Bala — Bula = 0 (2.3.3) FOAL AE RFA IE RA IT OY (2. 3. 32 RRt we Aly ERT RAY. ALE RE ne? t+ 10/2 4 2h SY AO Ty. PIR SA on? SOR. BA (2. 3. DRAB PA ERE. ON FAR ATT ae RET RY. RR i HR SY ZF) BB HR Se By Bi Sp En? Cn + 12/2 FO. RR HE BERL » HF AT HH C2. 3. 32 CRB. FATAT AY DER ped, (2. 3. DAM RR Bu — Bal, — Bal, = 0 (2. 3.4) 26R Bans ~ Bal — Biel Yn = 0. (2. 3.5) FEC2. 3. 3)RHC2. 3. 4AM FEMA (2. 3, SSC, HE I BE RT ey Pa Ae Paap = Bale =F Bort + Bin — Bind» (23.8) ety ea Pip = Lema + Bane — Binwde (2.3.7) FXG SRB Ae HER S21] AY a ET BEL ER FD MT PS. BB FX RE FE ee EL AE 9 | GY RO ek BW KRG. WOE HE HH C2. 3. 32D A A Pe Ae SR Be. 4.1L) Baa = 0. (2. 3. 8) PRAIA C2. 2. 3950. 4. 12) 58, AR Ba = 0 (2. 3.9) SCHR FA SE SE SK BEE DDE PAF 89 177 SF TAR. BFP” SAAT OF BAD EG PP A BE 8] J ATT HER Fit 10 ot PRES. BO A AY Se ER a” FP BRE Hy 2 rs FR ATT AS, BY SR BE) Ms EE" (Pip = 0. (2. 3.10) TESA AMF LEAR RE BR a" woopa e+ teyey, (2.3.11) Set C= Ch. AAP BL. PR ASIA RE xt BG REE = 0. (2.3. 1) 5H 27UR FE TEAS HY IX EGER AR AR ESR (1. 3. 6), FEF Pin = Pde + Che BU RES Cha —~ CL). (2. 3. 10 BEET BA. RARER EMS B. SE oF PRR Eth (2.3.3) (made = 04 BD tis PAR ORGDE da” AY 2B AN HET 2 fy Is DBR Ng A 2 HE BL PLAZA HE § 2.1 FPR Ls gy CU RR SL. SRE BA Hb ER FART PRR OY HEB PA LE AP BPR A A BR OR A DAG A AR ABO PAC SIR SA AO GC SRV TERE I™ SOMDRT HD AA AS A 82.4 RES PH Me SR ES 1.5 HA RAD HT Se Bt UH WO FESR C1. 5. 10). BU CE FR ATT FAL FD SS 2s TB FAY PEL GK EO S| AK aS tt. RYE -— ea ATLA S| A aR E ” s =f ds, (2.4.1) r SEP ds en 2S LAF ss OY ANE BBS Po Fe AR EY LB a RP AeA bE. Xs MHA EP BP HBAKE. eR HA EAR — TA RES Ws ABH, WR th aw" RH 28_ dz” w= a (2.4.2) Ha (2.1. 1 ASAT EBD SS Bt BB Btw = 1, (2.4.3) WH (2. 4. DARD BT TERE go =O. UAT Bota + Snuiul, = 0. PAC A A EF uu, = 0. (2.4.4) PA FCF Hee Hy 2 We Peutut = SOsdut. (2.4.5) WE Fs). fs = u,( M+ Petar) (2.4.6) FRB due aye ds eee (2.4.7) RNA Fs) = uy Cutul + Dhulu) = ute? = 0. SREB Ts ET Sk. HHL Ue dw” Peta = 0. (2.4.8) ds SA la] POM AR A ETE. RT SER Aft BE Lm b= [lds PLSD BAL A A BATE -HAROR PE. L WAIL fel He we 2 9 Bd A Ke AE. BPLAGES at A Al B ROMY HEAR (EL BBR. IZ EG 2 fed A SUR. PRR — A BE TR IR FP REET. 2g$2.5 RS aah Re CESS ES 1.6 ae AY, HK BE J I AR RR ‘POE A AM SK AR. BL EPR 1) EA ER SEBO A HR A 9 BRB Vinny HSK it BAR Sk at RTO HE I ey RE SBE ECL. 6. 3) FE, RE RET RY HB SK LAER BRE Ri = Regs 1.6.4) ERA TRH MRKR Rie + Rha + Roy = 0. (2.5.1) Ky TEBE AR HE BES] FO, 4 BP EA) HK Rio = Koos (2.5.2) FECL. 6. DARA. 5. 2958 RIB Ream ATF Ri 2 OT PR HE Caxt « Aly RR. Reig =~ Rory (2.5. 3) (by xt o ALAR ER, Rew =— Ragan (2.5.4) CoAT pA Al pv XB, Rinw = Reva (2.5. 5) Ca) Rt Ay PR EBT RE Reay + Rom + Rory = 0 (2.5.6) FRAT FH I Ae at PRE ED BT ne = 4 AE EB FE art th 38 3K BAY DAY Sb BEA PRL. BP Royo HZ. 5. 3), A 6 PRA HAE HE Roof) SHE He a wv = 01,02,03,12,13,23. HHsh (2.5. 4). 0d IRE ik 6 AA. Fb ee R02. 5.5) ody & CE=7X6/2= 21 PALA Rowe A AIL SD. SB 2. 5. 6) GTR BLOB at BRS EE ABER — FB A 30Ros + Ron + Rom = 0. A ae STAY SEAT 20 SARS}. Pig RT eR SK SEH. EBS 16 PSA iF Aw = Ri. (1.6.5) FAR REID HS RYE (2. 5. 4), A, 0. GX PEE FEE SE Re = Rise a.6.6) Em BR (Ricci Se. th F Rw = Rapa = 8 Reson = BY Rigas FLA BR TK EM PAN. Rw (2.5.7) BRK RIE TATE LF de R= eR, = Ri (2.5.8) LR WHE. RASA T-TaHA4, Ge = Ru = Fe nR. (2.5.9) 3X Gy eA SASK EE PR. SE SSK ME SURDTIC HY 5 | 05% Tr SAPP RAE ERATE EF PB. HRS RAV] FAD 28 RDS BR De) ET He A GK A. TRS BE § 1. 6. PBL LER AMT PRR. RL BE a Ri.=0 CEVA), (2.5. 10) A FE AY LA FRG 4 EE ro=0 GEV AD, Bp Kua = 0 CEV AD. FRR ACHE § 2.1, 478 VA ga de FT FLEE (ERC. 1. OYE AB TE SK BV Py ety 25 Fe) ELSA. AREY AR HEHE. ES TH AY PSE YE HN EE Ee BK EE CN (2. 5. 9K). 24 EH, FRAT AS PYAR — A HR ES EAL AL BA EIEN. 5 31“ARCRI SHAG REA BEY. 82.6 Hese3= (Bianchi) St FAR 8B Ke HE AY ED Ry, Phew +P BROT LEA ay Be Riven A Roope 14 + TU, (1. 6.3) FP HERR R 0. (2.6.1) OE A MY Ee AEH SK PALS Ae PRAY ASS TSG AS PRE IR EH TDR A ESE EE LP ESB NEY AE RIE HT. ELBE 1. 6. 3) ROR PAE ACE TE Pate Rous = Phuc bP ce Piyna FP oe (2.6.2) D3, (P) = 0 (iB RR ACK LT. TR. 6. 2), RAK (2.6. 1) SUF HE AAS 7. CREPE AT RR EBA TOT EBT Ee ee HE fa EAB ALTE. APSR SSK (2.6. DAM 0 5 o SASF TERR RK TE WPA FR 8 2 Raw + Ru. FE C2. 6. 329RAG LE 2, BE PR iH) ~ Rigs = 00 (2.6.3) My EASE AUT gi=0, (RR din + ERD ie — (ERs = 0. FREE (ei SFM R,~ ten} =o. (2.6.4) Se RF ihe) TSS BY ES. | A SAS WS PPE Bik HE. 3282.7 ¥Ciothm BOP EEG A ELS ES OE 56 BT] BY 3B EM ER. EAMES PERE — PR ES. WT AR 1 ELE a" Heat » > (2.7.1) ERE A Me by BE Me. BY A" 2 TD] — 05 9 BI A fs. (2.7. 1D SCL YL aE FA ee 4 ASTD WE, = CE EB PR RF FE RR TAS ed BY (2.7.1) ea HS Pad REI A OCH ABM PR] — 28 Ta] A WY FRETS HS TEST “ORR «RIPE AY AS rR EE ICS EY He Hes ah + eh, (2.7.29 FR SSC RE EER BY) EH, EA PED Bt. & PO IESE UN HY Fe RC EE ERE Po PEI DR OR TLE FR MT] AB Fe] — ft Q By SA eS CEB A 8 fe. FEE ER OK By TS Cx) fa Ta). 1 PA Q SEAR BH at HEE). FBR HK ei Be TO TeQn fe a8 a ee YAS SKE EL Bey FEE Fede “EIT. Jobe eS] AT PBK BE el 2.1 ae bry at HEALER ES Ae Hoc e TAM BAD He TPB Q ARH TPQ). BER TPQ) de Q AEA TK RE. PE AE XE CK I EE “FEA fora « BT 7 ak 33