| Policy Transfers Between Governments: ‘The Case of Administrative Reforms B. GUY PETERS Aarne reform as: been a ver) common acti of ‘government naa all induiliseddomocraces ning hose dn Wester Europe. The frequent contect aang these goverment andthe presence of ergntsains etch asthe OECD tha are ‘reading the reforms, might be eipected to produce widespread Aisin of aaninirave novation Tht difcon nos, homer tt widespread at might have bean expected de are marked igerences among eourinar wll tang pes of reform. Ung oolan alba hare anes he enltes of he difason ‘freform among Espen course and the ingens of he dian for pubic edbsiration in these couric, Adsnisrativerefom he een on ofthe fw growth nds In a re, ‘herve chested by a detnng comer wih the ple sector In| ‘Set ay national or provincial elt or any cy ball around te word ne might have vised rng the pat severl deedcs the has boo ‘eenson abot “eng govermant wok eran cos es"! What Particulsrikng toute cotenporary atv for indy the sina ofthe changes being plese, ad the sili of Ue lacourse about change Ine publ cor accuning in maay of those Selings. From the rot af counties in the wrt tt pores the meet of changes ate espete To pofuce more effin, tor eens td est expensive govemest "Te one sz is all peapective on aminisaive efor isin lege It proc of diflnon ad policy tant” extremely Inpeoabe to think th al ese dispute pola yams would are concede sae eas bout change athe une ie, bough thee ceil hasbeen, ‘ome stonmous pley development The Kas of the new public] MD hv bone te ell tant for adie | Fp form wound the wale at ite ies and at afer eter® | (4) Most these ies fr change ave based imply, and oe expicily on | te assumption ht government lnc beer managed toe |n \wasr EUROPEAN roLIies| DINFUSION AND ADMINISTRATIVE REFORM 2 [2 Cit ere a private-sector orgmisatig gid by the make. nnd of The rice wil lok at th transfer af iy eas moc he Earopcan fe Nerarey. AB a consequence programmes eh sinter matkets, pay ‘Suse wig rather penny fom of Decent anaes fe ‘esa ol* Ti fr of alias dete reo fe pefomane adenine ete fot ervicedeiey, veh [ on scion otha elo peeved prblens of poveraments “The market sat the galy fea sound however, a eters nls we then rls tht vale tothe psece or abso ofan ‘condone. ‘fom amare patcipaive viton of goverment Teal quality agen Thee conn i aio presented a dotomic, ta we theca (TOM), for ‘example, emphases the Involvement of rployess la ‘itependen vaabies inte anya Al peal combinedon vt decisions wid the oransaion. Other reforms, for example blk Indecent vale wih ie dependent vate ar ar pea Sadgetng, matte fom deeglotary anys ofthe probes ofthe ‘eu table. This in itself tm help odsingush the mone eset ule sector andar als “des i pood-coency” In eset fm ‘elated to he depends vie wih fader afacmee hee ewe Bei ew we dir he fie ee oe {roped chings i povrmen, heexced ote ofl tea rms Sener St ala ats att eee |) ulcer ian th previo Webern ste This ace wl xn eye of speeches el Ingiove pb mates among some ss sd, is, AP alsa ned sane propane: we ang pened i ach ‘itr mg of oti, ing oly sl sf come por ‘over advange One svannge ey plone ic OCD, though spe management go (UMA) povies tlfomon tbe to tg tlc nin mete eon, tye We have key pone he igh eve! avy i dnaltatne Coutis f wencn Exe: Fas tea ere cee ‘eo ig th pt ee dey nd ars wb te pasa sts ofthe tale nal The ees ‘Som we bing wo Inthe OUD cee se tpn in 98 we covers cng otng porte PEMA ‘ong Een comes The si aan ae ay ‘tba Seen oe neti Fc out nd acts ‘fou with hve ten fy omman soonest tea paces nu vy ef me tengo te OBC come dinotaces stongh ne aye arcontoa gee ae 1s ailing rely common sce exons chance te fe etn of OFCD cts Te eine sno te coms nthe penis fo tenve ene pee Ang wa et dap of eh ne erence na ‘our ovine We dns an coeeon mares Ih Tk te commen age castes wate a ator! nos ta appenf ecte epon of rer ie cmon any ea eps ce ae ‘tescutien Tee aa wie mage conse oreloen ae gem sively solar tapos eel Ie fe re eae ths cout ODP per ean Sines Teg tie tof ‘anemia seem fe a ee ane linea we we mtn of ag tscomert wit neces Aves ond dee ue ho eos tnd etiam ea tenn oi at a he ‘rm dt ly ly hh he Inpro xine ow ee Hen ee basse ls roan ‘aoaxecniston urns pover aaa comet wit may cnr bing sey dee es te (Gop frpefomane nr) saponins {Sd in he Wescinner agra Fly, mache fos oe cpr refoms, om the ther tnd, aienpt 10 impove Lo {otros of he weld done teh Soa gece boa he qsouiona pttnaes tau nating weg ee opm cul ary te men a sommes cil by fren kin oft epnoons and cag eS Simply ae th son othe Vd Bk ode Inet! Maney tomer) hte dec ese a pe erate f [#0 Gal toning hw te jot webs a A trlon ne Pw = eb | | | | vy“Teves oF ADwNISTRACIVE REFORM mt V/ Spe of pty nition erent recreates ee Ine Maks yep pce pide fin pe tr Petes agers ef ec feng Sin weniger pain fem ne ts ap ceded cant hemi Sereda ome Sonepat ny ee ‘mtectomans Semester masemanar cumromm Send ede ones we yeeteestopeiertmiaiom mains msc opnd ta "cg own el ton mae ele pr ‘ron gens reign em Deptn tof ele cit orig ne pon, DIFFUston aN ADsaeTRative Revo 75, [cites ston’ aes, abd tat the cnn ao, ‘mctstad grat del about how poles sould be managed. Faken ‘thaneed opportunites, for patilpaton have long toes aigocd ivoltemen fens ad the gene pul a pli esas nak ttteagh the ypeso fom discuss hete eeu onpaicigton mate mee 6) cee emt ep cer et ner 9 at ee uc i ‘me acer ues ee ‘lace upc ao ey Er aig le en el ncn Sine het od aaa at we ‘ergmened inthis loca spear somewhat sma to the taser Inied forms, with the penile ieee being the chase og Alison expaas ferences in slopton on te bi of facts soa Byskal proximity ofthe Inovator andthe adept, coasmentenes [nutes beeen parcipans inthe proces, td putes of commen es {stint prints inte poss. Thr tal Deja ony ‘cag withthe dition of innovnons bt much tte ®‘6 wast sungrean rouies spol and sted teeth pola tains payin he eanser Tt iC woe amex mm poli eps ot ro te aga es ay ay evince eer ache pt abo ot ‘ein sovetomat Hal might be expec ob ee ince 8 ‘hep came tal ar cca oe, goons tr py af ee ot pen ae oe ih ppl oe Specht pics coy peg Sr ecln Sa ote e e o ‘Set Sine cua tt ae al pou, tap aay hc sane reo ely rch te mutst tea we ope | K The pnt me ; a er he ai td own pllsta al ev tae Sip caeeteny Rees Sp enjoy SP; tw se tte et Seton ne ey wena ee Erie iia ly nts or eon eae le un yep Cy i STSy ae tee aang ab SCN cas ite ea at t's eg ee See tonnbemitetateyitrgutteonaie Scena Stile te a gr poet Sang edaeny Spleen cmt ape SEDs Maps ate Sitcom set tts rat a nec th sms ay ed ayaa set hae ig fa yn Dire baci esl ple Done Ct trent Ss la he fr pn ee SSS hres cay cohen em ciate tartrate ont Somes eat tame oy be pon arn te epost cic seme ete a SSR tate sug ag mie wa aly or owe at me ‘sith ret pyre eyo Tar ha dle opie te Sono ee DIFFUSION AND ADMINISTRATIVE RBRORM 1 ern, tng i te ds of pt oi md though spaming he carcino uy ny oh oitea he y ©. 4 icon potent ingot ve ig he we of pabiesor eins the pall proce Ese se eog Sask oe a {Sf uno 1 Gan reed popes losing he Aninistnv pen thy 0 sngy oe dog of 196. Mat fms te ores he pba ‘Saul mean also or on mena"On ie erin ele Cages pulser alos, epsily wit clr eaten one ‘ter vies a eo. Thow lores ea estan fee ie employes and seep nove te qiy-a tarts pein able uns igh pte arty fo ett plosectr unas le Unie Stas at were ling hn el nb ta 1 re wi ee Sploment) for beter conhlat of employ i Ne ‘Performance Review." = omer - Neo ‘The ave vdence on uoitin of ple ser employs te ahs Ass europe wil ts eel af noe it ‘tl ecnany* Tis des na of eore lgy e sae aeh Face ed pap lly whee hewn te lertalp poeta i en enh spy at" pet ‘forme Sl ts nese Sc oie me ey Sogn ts ental povef te bern ohms prceoet ae ‘eons eed Fares how ay eae e sie of br png ion he epee conse cf rumen erent Inco © “Governments ao mus pond oh sok emi ote within ‘eh tay fine tey Rake Wal ecto ee solar ‘om. For emenporary gerne noe mat prea ee total fats daca i pee. Tec coal ute eft ay become sad by ule fue ae efommesof «goverment fer domes pentane sae ‘ocr atonal sms The mom gra bs athe eck se ands Brogan Maney Uno, ies he seta Schone he as nt tom a el itty thu comes wih ge tan erage el of Sete ele "GDP she eeining fe ine ro: tain spss ane ‘nine rom, while se wh tone eve ofS weed ‘othring hs tac npr © al, we weiner ott nse cle play nthe G)}a ast suroreay routties ‘dotan of nitive ref. Weave ar esewhere that ht are make ttétadlons tat pay 2 roe in dling the ay in whic ‘cinostaion conc, andthe recep fhe itv ston ‘chang. The argument was tht hot ae fr dina state aon Wester counties —Anglo-Ameviean, Getic, Napoleon ead ‘Scandinavian ~atd that the vous yes ofrelirm ae mare copa i sie than oes. In prc, we argued that te Anglo Anes tlre was pasty ceive wo tbe matkt-bsed ftom sd tht te (Geemarc ton, with is Reciaa conception, would be pueslayy esti. The Scandinavian anise tion, dept some Reco esac, is alo relatively open o manager innovation ofa si” ‘These sate adtons may Cancion a "pstene commun fo the ‘uanser f policy eas As well ar efetng histrc and cutest pec, these tao also conta Hea about how goverment nel be ‘sondustd. Apis, the Ocmanie don ray be the most ineped Jotun and song ofthese aos, dearest easel to che. Wii the Ango-Ameiean tran, the peeeare of only sine ce in Europe may make taster moe diffe hgh he a strong ates of difision other pat ofthe wold hs coe howesee tain apenrsto be a naj ear of eas bones eam, id dea such asthe Phan ManagerintIniatve and "Nexe Spe Spreading to oer counties. For the purpose of dctnisaton we il Nat al itovations npc management hive bee ded as widely 0 ave oes, a est ot ring ths ime ptid, We ry expest at i te [NPM cootnies to enjoy i ut of “eve of the ont for eager Dero, the wl te coninulg ifsen snd wiopon” Ths coined ‘ison wit be cspeciy Mely if thw is'« coming tlt tat {goverment at not perfring wall and continued domfstoy ote Dl's hinking abo governing by mre ens Event re ano cee rots from some of hse eon, hy ral Hl tobe che upp governments tempting to enkanes the Petros levels oa ea tempting to apenas hough they ae eehncing tc pore oves “Tube 2 provides some tsi desisive evidence on the depos of, ‘opin of the ers aad dessin Table 1 es dea fem ie {able that most of the action in adminiative reform bas toca ie Snplemening patipaion-efons, followed ty inten develo i ‘ho pbc seit Ther has bra elavaly es nein sing ae DIFFUsiOW AYO ApuAnstRATive nevORSE » we Oarsn oy omer ‘ ming aon i ous Fat i Greiner onic Cope ot Deven, ‘PatcMeopen tna ‘an exemplar of good management in Burope, despite its prominence ia \\ C= Seca sk at be cer An ect cle Dept be oo ston Seana, Sloe ae gay son om meso pane ok ape Seti ae ee eg npc seed pnp ose et Diecticeeyotpopanns Rentoaiienwccane eee Seg pe re a nny ely om cb ge brent Lear parte er mr ta Renal glia esa inden | ind OHCD cates Anos aliens cs eee So tno Speen ee po ee agen ees ‘Spr ss Gey tal Sc een ns ‘ReSharper sear terete ct ee aire A capper rs ae {pling NPM In ovcnmet Ths es not meas at a ee Sleateriurten chic apetiphocnia testa ‘cram Oh at of ples dg hee ah Stroh nl fr tent el ai ne a ‘Sept Sanu et pcg soe Of te muetaued teome, be Spent of mechan for ope hare emp a a ae wet“0 i ast suROPEAN rouimies| “on, fey dcx, Ts flowed sy by developing penn to dave ple pogamecs, te men Wit "Nex Sept he One Klngoni" Tier a he 18 coer loth ths nels te Moped sone resin of ogranme review” The secon of it ‘span rely niente Wa ne dies cntaatieons seg ad ny fo bt Fins sn Be Pe Sn heather ene te comin af spy eae a ‘com, ‘oe stp so fr ses drys alae Re test edged by ela a the wen Ens psc "core ting poly ten, eal Tock he apr ‘oa of incre seve Pest it pared see at Exe fam of cman tempi hy da So OF the hive eer tie ten Eup, Du pven ts gn oe “remiss tthe OSCD tn te ence tang antac ‘hou be repred aap ofthe cla of Wee te Bo, Count: Soe ofthe fit zoe ts owen ele neste of te emia of Site, bt we stacey Die tae infant he mame ich emi ne ‘pred Bsn wih ae enter Une on we intend that ‘many of tse spay ve Mens tate fen In eens rope even (or example was ins ws Ppees Anis nt Rvewn Bi dog ee 97 Ine, ey ‘del hat been npr a soe Sena come fs se camry Pech the most obvious ning Tale i thatthe Anglo Ametican outs ave tended to ete leaersinadmittv form This ie for markt refoms, bts tue fr some a he terse of ehange ss ‘well This appears toe a fenton fhe approach fo public mitrton {aken nth (on eines Ta atl th eel om nnapeet or ‘ong oI or economics a= bef rnning use nation cans tht the NPM refs te much more congenial 02 be ought of inthe fet place: The lower tnovios, especialy ts Germanic stems, ate less concerned With mnagement and tore ‘soneeted with sdminsvaton gr amaiftation af the pl estan” ‘We wi now proceed witha primary analysis ofthe fos appresiy ‘sseclted wth th adoption of tes fons To do the cmplely each of the reforms would hve Yegued eon "ath table's acme cambenone ererise. We will therfore, selec one reform fam cach ‘teeny for 3 more die anata. We wil select one ober pe of ‘efor that his been adoped by sponse hal the counties I the sample. This choice Is made slply to ave arch Varmeein the . ell A ing mc epee isi yg goto 2 eee hm ga 21 tt et ent en el phi a et a ‘errata us eee ate Sol cua ee etme p Seater: 3 ohm ot St ii Con Ane ‘Sp dn ra a ee A pS