Mathematics | 1.29 JEE Main/Boards Example 1: Evaluate 4723, if log,, 723 = 18591 Sol: Here consider x = 1723. Now by applying log on both sides and solving using logarithm formula we will get value of 4723. Let x = 4723, Then, log x = log (723)** 1 logy x= 3 tog, 723 ~@ 3 Jog 723-1og(0723%10?) = 10g 0.723 + log 10? -Tasvi+2-18591 (i) log,x= 2 x 18 = logyyx= 5 1.8591 16197 ; 10g, x= => x-antilog (0.6197) = x = 4.166 (using antilog table) Example 2: Using logarithm, find the value of 645 « 9814 Sol: Considerx= 6.45 x 981.4 and then applylog on both sides and solve by using log,(MN) = log,M + log,N and log table. Then, log, x = log,, (6.45 x 981.4) log, 645 + log,, 981.4 8096 + 2.9919 (using log table) intlog (3.8015) = 6331 (using antilog table) ax Example 3: Find minimum value of x satisfying k-3]+2kea=4 Sol: Similar to illustration 25. Case-I: When x <1 16-3) 26+D=4 SeoKt 322-224; o-Bet lad 33x sxe-11.20 | Basic Mathematics x<-1s0, -Lis not possible Cases: When-1 3is taken, (x3) +2 («+ 1) =4 >3x-1=4 =x 5/3 => Therefore, no solution Result x = -1 is the only solution. Example 4: Let log, N =a, +B,,log,N =a, +B,.logpN= 5 +P, where 4,012,045 €1 and By, P,,By € (0,1) then (0 Find number of integral values of N ifa, = 4 and a, (i) Find the largest integral value of N if a, 2 5,0, = 3, (i) Difference of largest and smallest integral values Sol: Here by using y =log,xe>a¥ =x we can obtain values of N. After that by drawing a number line we will get the required answer. ‘ “ 2581 125 243, G@) N=3*tand N= 52 a N= (34,3) and N N = (81, 243) and N = (25, 125) 0 [81, 125] is the common part hence the no. of integral values of N are 125-81 = 44 0) n=3",n-[3,3°).N =[243 729) 152,59) —— N=s*2,N= .5*),N =[125,625) NaN 49,343) 49125 243 343625 729 ‘Common part is [243, 343]. So largest integral value = 342 (6) Difference of largest and smallest values = 342-243 = 9 Example 5: Find the number of zeros in, x = (035)", Given log,,(7) = 0.8451, log,,(2) = 03010 Sol: By applying og,, on both sides and using logarithm, formulae we will get the result logis = 12log;5| = logy. x= 1210g35-—log,,100 = 12 (los. 7 +109,)5-2] =12 [log,97 + 109,020 -1og,52~2] = 12[.8451 + 1- 3010-2] = 12 (5441-1) logyx = =12 + 65292 logy x = 124.6 + 05292 = -6 +0.5292 = 8.5292 So x=10%10%? Hence the number of zeros after the decimal Example 6: Find the number of zeros in, 27 Sol: Consider 2° = x and solve as in illustration 5. 1 po ~ 2 log,,x = ~A0l0g,,2 = ~40[.3 )] = -12.0400 tog,.x= (-12-0.04) +1-1=+10g,)x=-13 +096 => x= 1078.10 Number of zeros = 12 Example 7: Find the number of digits for x= 3! x2" Sol: By applying log,, on both sides and then using a log table we can solve the problem above, logyg X = 12l0g;9 3+ 8109452 (0.4771) +8(0.3010) = 5.7252+2.4080 logy = 81332 5 x (sot) 10°” No. of digits = 8 +1=9 Example 8: Solve x°V#l"") <9 Sol: Here, by using log, M= problem above. “ log, M we can solve the XNA 9 wlogx (x-2) => X02" 9 where x > 0, x#1 > (x-2)" >x-2=33 2x But x = ~1 is rejected as x should be greater than 0. Example 9: log; (log. x3 og, ,.x+5)=2 tog (oe? $0 fog, (log? x-3lo9,9x+8)=2= log} x—3log,,,x+5=9 Let log,.(xJ=t 1? -3t-4=0 (t-4) (te =05 t=4,t= = logy; = log,» X= -2 x= 116,x=2 1-2loa.%) log,q x-2(lodi9 x} Example 10: Solve Sol: Simply by putting log,, x = t we can solve the problem above. 1-2(03%2) 109,9x-2(l0049%) 1, Let log,, x 1-2(2t)) ott) 128 =151-8t =t-2? = 6 + 3 2t-1 0 34(2t+1) -1(24+1)-0 ¥3,t=-1/2 = log x= 1/3, log x= - 3 108 x =10-¥? payers Example 11 = shat 5) 125 Sol: By using a above. we can evaluate the problem osha bo , (2 a fH0™I)3 ghosts? _ shox 7) =2logx—log?x=logx-4 = log?x=4 x= 10%, x= 107 JEE Advanced/Boards Example 1: Solve, 0G sue7(9+12% + 4x2) logan (6X2 1230421) = 4 Sol: Here 6x? +23x+21 = (2e+3) (3x7) and (9412«4 4x) = (2x3)? Mathematics | 1.21 Hence substitute it in the above equation and solve Using the logarithm formula, Given that 100s (422K 3x2) +1093, (6x2 +23 22) logs,.7(2x+3)° +loga,.5{ (2x+3)(3x+7)]=4 Let 1 lodyay (2X3) <8: 2a a ya (2K3)~ Ai 2AVLOS => 2A? -3A41=0; 2A’-2A-A+1=0 $3 2A (AA (A-1) == 172,821 = log,,,,(2¢+3)=1/2 For A=h2x+3=V3e07 z => 4x? 49412K = 3x47; 4x2 +9x4+2=0 4x 1 B11 2=0 > 4x(x42)+1(x+2)=0 =-2; For A=1,log,,.,2x+3=1 > x+3=3K47 > x=4 also 2x+3>0,3K+7>0 > x>3/2x>-78 (A and -2 will be rejected) Example 2: Solve, (x)e221! 8 Ho Sol: By taking log, on both sides and solving we will get the result Taking log on both sides to the base x logo x? logy x2. tog, [(x) 4 = tog, (V2) 3 2 5 loa, xf’ + (leg, x) -F = l09,2 tet bgpeets 344 3t 4 4t? St =2— 3t + at? ~5t-2=0 BE 437 -6t HP t-2=0— (Bt4A}(L +t-2)=0 1 = (3t+1)(t+2)(t-1) =0;-t=1,2,-2 (3t+a)(t+2)(t-1) <0; 9t-1-a-4 Putting t = log, x1.22 | Basic Mathematics 1 log,x=1%=21 log,x=-2-x=2 log, x=-1/3>x=1/ (2)! Example 3: Solve be" 28 < (x1) Sol: As ais defined for a > 0 so (x-1) > 0, Therefore by ‘taking log on both side we can solve it. Now taking log on both sides (loa, x* -2109, 9)log(x-1) = log(x-1) (tos, “fot 1)=0 Either log (x—1) = 0 => Letlog,x=t (t= 4t-7) = 0 28-4-7t=0 = 2-8 + t-4 = 0-9 2Htt- 4) 410-4) =0 tea or logyx=-1/2 3)‘ orx=(3y"” x= 3 log (x= 1) is not defined, so x = 2 orx = 81. Forx Example 4: Solve, tog, (x? -1) -tog, (x1) =l09, rm) Sol: By using formula log,| ™]=1og,M ~ log, and \n} using modulus inequalities we can solve the problem above i -1) tog, 2 tog, 4-a[ v=) Case: 4-x> 0 orx < 4then (x + 1) = 1) 4-) So xtladex®-4ex ox? 44520 4xVi6-20 | aS which is not possiale eR Case: (4—x) < 0 orx> 4 then (x +1) = («- 1) «-4) Sextet 5x44 x? -6x43=0 =? -6x43=0 = SNE 2 NE yak “x24 istaken, hence x = 3 +V6 Example the sum of all solutions of the equation [ota] -(3h2")-2-0 is (af where b and arerelatively prime and a, bc © N then (@+b+c)=? Sol: Here by putting 3°%0* = t and solving we will get the result (ory (n= Let e 3°80" = t then St -t-2=0; >t -2t4t-2=0 > t(t-2)+1(t-2)=0, = (t+1)(t-2)-0 -1&t=2 = 30%" Case -aj;st Exponential value cannot be negative Case-I:t=2; 3°80" <2 Taking log, both side log, (3)°** =1og, 2 = logy, x = log, 2 x = 10%? Comparing by (a)"* we get =10,b=3,c=2 +b+c=10+3+2=15 Example 6: Find the number of zeros after decimal before a significant digit in (9/8) “°° and applying log,, on both= log, x= -100[0g,,9~I09,5 8] = log,,x~ -100[2I0g,,3~ 3109.92] = logy) x =-100(2«0.4771-3x0.3010) = -100[0.9542-0.9030] = -100[0.0512]=-5.12 logyy x =(-5-0.12) 41-1 log,9x =8.88 => x = 10%x10%* Number of zeros before any significant digits = 5 Example 7:Solve log, (210351 + 10g, (1+ log, x) =1/2 Sol: Here by using y =log, x a? =x we can solve it log, (2l0g, (110g, (31095 x)))=1/2 = 2log, (1 +og, (1+3log, x)) = > log,(1+10g,(1+3!og, x) = = 1+log,(1+3l0g, x) =3 > log, (1+ 310g, x) =2 = 143log,x=4 = log, x=3= log, x=1 > x=3 Example8:Solve logy, x- 7logyq,¥" + A0log,, 4% = 0 loga Sol: By using log, a=29* we can reduce the given Togb log,x _7logyx? 400g, 8% equation to ae 0 and then Tog, 05x Tog, 16x | log, 4x by putting log, x = t we can solve it Let log, x = ait ta (t0-4)(t2) Type) 21t+42+10t? +30t-40 “ se auft-a)(t+2) +10(¢-1)(¢+4) i (aye yea) y-° ~lor? +15t+10 (yeaa 2 log,x=0 > x=1 ind log, x=2=>x=4 Mathematics | 1.23 15 Example 9: Solve, log, (x /4) log, % Sol: Simply by putting log, (x) = t and using basic logarithmic formula we can Solve the problem above. sa 4s = 45 5 (log,x-2)- 8 __ Fo9,(x/4)= > (0992) apa log, -1 3 Let log, 60 = t ot-2-25 12-6 +8=15 4 SP -6t-7=0 Stile y=0 ata7t = log,x = 7 and logx = -1 x= 2 andx < loa. (x2 Vlog. (16x). Example 10: Save, fog, (270g, (16x) =I0g,x¢ Sol: By using log, (MN) reduce the given ty) 3 equation to (2-+2l09,x)| 2+ 510g, x) = Flog, x After that putting log, x = t we will get the result, = log.M + log,N- we can fos, (2 Yog, (163) ~1o9,>° = fs ates,» + tog, x} = Bog, Let og,x=t 7 = la+2y(2s4) o(re2y(4et 3) FL poeaj(ena oe (2 4 2 = 2 (20 +9t+4)=9¢ = St? 18-8 =0 = St? -20t+2t-8=0 = St(t8) + 2(t=4) <0;¢--2/5,¢=4 But t + 4=9 x=6 and logx = -2/5 is Not Possible xe41.24 | Basie Mathematies $$$ Exercise 1 Qt Solve (0 logy, 32 (ip tog, 16 Gid 109,279) (iv) log, (1728) ) log, cos4s° (i) bog, (log, 4) (vii) log, (tan30°) Q2 Prove the following 6) ba BET 1 Gi) logpas (8) Gip tog, (08) (iv) log, ., (04) () logy. (0.3) =0 3 Find the no. of digits in a2 (3 Q4 Solve (i) log,_,3=2 (ip log, (3* -8) =2—x Gil log, (x? - 24+ 65) =2 (iv) log, (x+1) +log, (+3) =1 () %0* <10x¢ logs (vi) x =10%* Pao (vip x98" =9 Uigod 1 51-1095 = =| log> +logx + SlogS @ 9) 4003 gx 5 25) 6 o-2ea{ x2) nox} | Lol?) legge? Q7x * =19"%0% toga * as ("Be® =log,, VK 9 yfog,¥ log, 8x41=0 Q10 log, ,x-3ylog,,,% 12-0 aus ("sa 6-0 eo 2 Qi2log, (x =1)-log,(x-1)° = 004( (s-9} -3 x-3 Qs 2log, AF +1 = log, 7 @ log, (9% Jlogt xa4 QA5 loggs,2? + M4l09,,.¥? +40l0g,, VF =0 Q16 log, (log},. x-3logy,2x+5)=2 Q17 log, (x/4) = += x 1 log, 3-1 18 Fog, (54-4) +109, Ser = 2+109,. 018 19 log,, x? = logy, (5x—4) 1 1 Q20 Flog, (x-2)-F =lody VIX-5 logo (Ye=4 +1) Q21922 1-H109,9(2x-1) =Flog,o(x-9) 23 loa, (34? +7) “log (3x-2)=1 4) Q24 (243; ode 3 +logy,2=logy (27-3) ao (x42) +1 928 log, (4* +1) =x +109,(2"? -6) 2s Hos. x4+3log,, V2 27 log(«*-6)-togg(2"~2)-2 28 loa (2*- yo 1 x109194 )=2+Lieg,,16- 28 Q29 logo (lOGiq x) +1090 (LOds0 x* 930 log, (9* +9) =log, 3*(28-23*) Exercise 2 Single Correct Choice Type —t_, 1 _ log gabe log, abe has the value equal to wi @1 2 Oa Jog, (o99*-2) 2 The equation, log, (2x2) tog xx + Hog, 2x4 + 2eavalee8 has (A) Exactly one real solution (8) Two real solutions (©) 3 Real solutions (0) No solution, Q3 Number of zeros after decimal before a significant figure in (75): 301 and log,, 3= 0.477) ow (Use logy, 2 = (a20 19 (0) None Mathematics | 1.25 4 If 5x1°92? 4 39°92" = 162 then logarithm of x to the base 4 has the value equal to 2 Bl or (0) 3/72 —__?2 1 Vast-1 Veet ed 5 (itiosbne where x,> x,> x, then A) x 8) X% (2) Q6 Let x=2"% and y=3"% where base of the logarithm is 10, then which one of the following holds good? (2x 0) (c # J). a 109,24 log, 192 Q9 Prove that 22278 _ O97? Togsg2 logy 2 Owherx= fog,b and y= Vlog, 2, a>0, b>0 & be Q:10 Prove that at— b» logyo(X=3) 2 Q.11 (a) Solve for x, Toi (x23) 3 (6) log (log x) + log (loge -2) = 0; where base of log is, 10 everywhere (@1l09,2I09,,2 = log,.2 (d) Sh + Sxb# = 3 (@ > 0); where base of logis a Q.12 Solve the system of equations: log, x log, (xyz) = 48 log, y log, (xyz) = 12 log, z log, (xyz) = 84 Q.13 Let 'L’ denotes the antilog of 0.4 to the base 1024. and M' denotes the nuber of digits in 6 (Given log,,2 = 03010, log,,3 = 0.4771) and 'N’ denotes the number of positive integers which have the characteristic 2, when base of the logarithm is 6. Find the value of LMN. Q.14 Prove the identity log.N..og,N+ log,N. log.N + log.N. log, log, Nlog, Nlog, N logapcN aasitcy > ology tony «2 and y= 24, then > = VN where N is a natural number, find the vaue of N. QA16 If log,,2 = 0.0310, log,,3 = 0.4771, Find the number of integers in @se (o) 6* (6) The number of zeros after the decimal in 3, Q.17 log,120 + (x3) -2 log, (1-5 log, (2-54) QB log, .(¢ + x- 6) = 4 Q49 x + log,, (1 + 2) =xl0g,,5 + log,,6Mathematics | 1.27 20 If x’ and 'y’ are real numbers such that, Jogis(2¢~3x) = logy x loo, find ® ig (2—B4)= 195X109. 9, find * Q21 Ifa = log, 18 and b = log,, 54 then find the value of ab + 5 (a-b) 22 Find the value of log,xif following is true .23 Positive numbers x, y and z satisfy xyz = 10" and (1094, %) (1094, ¥2) + (Od, ¥) (109,92) = 468. Find the value of (09,.%)” + (log,,9)? * (log, 2? Q.24 Find the sum of all solutions of the equation 30" logy x+5= 33 25 Let a, b,c, d are positive integers such that log, 3/2 and log, d = 5/4. If (a~<) = 9, find the value of (0-3) Q26 Find the product of the positive roots of the equation {2008} (x) 2" = 27 Find x satisfying the equation 2 (1,4) losiol 2+) 28 Soteog, (+ Wel) = oa, (aVe—3 +41) Q.29 Prove that (loa, 4b 109, 4ab- loa, Yo7avl004G7b \ioa,5 } _ [2 ifbeasa © | 2bs° ifl 1, the product 11 i 1 mplifies to Tog,N Tog, Tog,,N Tog, 128 3 3 3 5 ws or Om OF 3og2-2o9{g10" 10g (ng10"|") Qs tt N= 20 tT) ere base of the logarithm is 10, The characteristics of the logarithm of N to the base 3, is equal to 2 @3 oa os Q7itx WR ang yf then the value of log, (x? +xy +y’), is equal to wo (2 (3 4 5s B.& B arrveaim EopiefEafE senate )tanE Bete (CsecZ_O) sing Q9 Suppose that x < 0, Which of the following is equal to ax f.-2}| (ayx-2 ()3x-2 (3x42 (D)-3x +2 Q.20 Solution set of the inequality 3*(0.333...)"? <(1/27)" is B25) (8) (~2.3/2] © (2%) (0) None of these Q.L1 Solution set of the inequality A(>2)u(L2) 804 (9 (1) U(2) (0) None of these Q12 The set of all x satisfying the equation bar Palbnpt0_ Lig, 1 1 1 oa @ {oa} oct © fod} (inxy Quasi <1, then x belongs to: Ae Be) OG2e) — )0,3e) Multiple Correct Choice Type 2log,2 (1+log,2)" when simplified reduces to- Q14 The number N +logz2 (A) A prime number (®) An irrational number (©) Areal number is less than log,tt (0) A real which is greater than log,6 QAS The value of x satisfying the equation, 2h 82 =- Lis 1093 2 3 14283 @ digs (© 141093) “Tog? 209 33 eae (SEE-7) «6 EO) 1 then the value of x can be equal to- (ayo @) logy, 5 36 2 ( ———_ (D) log ——6 voa, (53-7) SES Assertion Reasoning Type (A) Statement is true, statement-il is true and statement-ll is correct explanation for statement-L (8) Statement is true, statementil is true and statement is NOT the correct explanation for statement (©) Statement-lis true, statementlis false (0) Statement-is false, statement is true ) is a meaningful Q17 Statement: og, cos(2 quantity only if x € (0, %4) U @/4, D). BecauseMathematics | 1.29 Statement-E If the number N > 0 and the base of the logarithm b (greater than zero not equal to 1) both lie ‘on the same side of unity then log,N > 0 and if they ie ‘on different side of unit then log, N < 0. Q18 Statements: log, (2V17=2x) =1 +109, (x-1) has a solution. because ‘Statement-Il: Change of base in logarithms is possible, Q.19 Consider the following statements 1 begs(?-t) ‘Statement-E The equation 5 distinct real solutions. ‘Comprehension Type Paragraph 1: Equations of the form (i f (log,x) = 0, a> 0,a #1 and (i) g (log,A) = 0, A > 0, then Eq, () is equivalent to f() = 0, where t= 109,% If ty ty ty one are the roots of ft) = 0, then log,x= t, log, x= t x = t, and eq, (i) is equivalent to fly) = 0, where y log, A.IFy,. Yo Vy mov Yeare the root of fly) = 0, then log, A = Ya Ody A= Yr mores 1OGLA = Ye On the basis of above information, answer the following questions. Q20 The number of solution of the equation log! 10 -6log?10 + 110g, 10-6 -0 is: (Ao (8) 1 (C2 (3 Statement-I: a°%" —N when a> 0,a 4 Land N > 0. Match the Columns gat cohen come (The va ofr which the ada produc wa Rec ack cs aaa ee e910 25.5 0% rts han P(x) @7 (B) Let P(x) = x’ - 3x° + x Tx? +S and Q 2. The remainder of —— is not smaller than WW), (chen igh tangle wih ie nga bandcandacnomaliow Boe Trewocte [O70 Inger the sale eyo the anal pita bandee Nuch (V4 VB-2)(a@ +b¥F-c)=20Thenthevateottasb-ajienat | 27 ecualto a2 cohen comnts] (A) The expression x=log, log, \6+V6+V6+.n...00 simplifies to (p) An integer | 1) The umber N= ZH E-S nples warine | tia (0 The expesion 24 11 snpliieeto Anat ) The expr ibg,3 *iog,3” t09,,3 “es * (DA natural | (0) The numberN = fp V5=y6—3VE=14~6yS simplifies to (9) A composite