Cambridge Assessment @ a rtonall Education Cambridge IGCSE™ a holm CENTRE CANDIDATE | NUMBER NUMBER PHYSICS 0625/44 Paper 4 Theory (Extended) MaylJune 2023, ‘hour 15 minutes ‘You must answer on the question paper. ‘No additional materials are needed. INSTRUCTIONS ‘Answer all questions. Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. ‘Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes atthe top ofthe page, Write your answer to each question in the space provided, Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid. Do not write on any bar codes. You may use a calculator. You should show all your working and use appropriate units, ‘Tako the weight of 1.0kg to be 9.8N (acceleration of free fall = 9.8m/s"). INFORMATION © The total mark for this paper is 80. ‘© The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [| ‘This document has 20 pages. Any blank pages are indicated. xen ttumowr Scanned with CamScanner2 eros a svaight section of aver where the wate is owing from ght ole at a spoed of vis fier o54mis _ a swimaver Fig. 4.4 (not to scale) ‘Aswimmer starts at point P and swims at a constant speed of 0.72m/s relalive to the water and at right angles tothe current. (a) (Determine, relative to the river bank, both the magnitude and direction ofthe swimmer's velocity. K attbtec® O74 on prerenie ost ag ost of magnitude of velocity = rection of velocity (i) After 1.5 minutes, the swimmer reaches point Q. Calculate the distance between P and Q. gs Didone \trbp=4e time distance : ods - oRrfe =P {4.8 -0 Scanned with CamScanner3 When the swimmer is crossing the river, his actions produce a constant forward force on his, Explain why he moves at a constant speed. [Total: 9} Scanned with CamScanner4 Fig. 2.1 shows a motorcyclist accelerating along a straight horizontal section of track. re Fig. 2.1 ‘The motorcyclist and motorcycle have a combined mass of 240kg. {a) On oe horizontal section of the track, the motorcyclist accelerates from rest at 72mI/s*. (i) The motorcyclist reaches the end of the straight section of track in 5.38. Calculate the speed of the motorcyclist at the end of the straight section. oo Ae T 70x53 = 3814 Axis poets DE: Lr (ii) Calculate the resultant force on the motorcyclist and motorcycle on the straight section of track. re te 79x 240 resultant force = .. = ig! Scanned with CamScanner5 } At tho end of the stralght section, the track remains horizontal but bends to the right, as, shown in Fig. 2.1. When the motorcyclist reaches the bend, she travels around the bend in a circular path at a constant speed. (W)_ Velocity Is a vector quantity State how a vector quantity differs from a scalar quantity. hi fi (ii) Describe what happens to the velocity of the motorcyclist as she travels around the bend q at constant speed. \ f » {f] (ili) Explain why there must be a resultant force on the motorcyclist as she travels around the bend. Scanned with CamScanner6 Ant bbar balloon is inated with hollum and sealed so that no houm escapes, The balloon is positioned immediately bolow the ceiling In a room. Heaters are switched on and the temperature of the air In the room increases. (a) When the heaters are first switched on, the temperature of tho air immediately below tho colling increases more quickly than the temperature of the alr in tho rost of the room. Explain why this happens. tele 2 Jo 1h buy 21 He Gl) oir (b) The temperature of the helium in the balloon increases and as the rubber stretches, the I the. ‘volume occupied by the helium increases. a +) Hee (1) State what happens to the motion of the helium particles as the temperature Increases. ib . “ he aa (ll) As the rubber stretches and the volume of the helium increases, the pressure of the helium remains constant. Explain, in terms of the particles of helium, how the pressure of the helium remains constant. 8 Total: 6) iene Perper tral Preston het kecoue Ove Inver. (when vobewe — 1A1G0 305 Pree Sess ot te enperr Facrtey ¢ Pee Taceeer hee Ofileme ub hems — Oloartnt « Scanned with CamScanner1, Susie envestiyhers tes Hidericy A a Marvent tang, Fig 4.4 shavers tee Saerert ‘ancy wi) ts fa tasty ierareotsecd in wien i 9 teecheer, tracrmcmratec to pomen supty wales: — flamert tarp Fig. 44 The reading on the thermometer in the water 1s 19.0°C. Only the glass of the lamp is in contact whth the water and the electrical connections are completely insulated, ‘The lamp is suttched on, ‘Al the end of the experiment, the temperature of the water is 21.5°C. (2) The mass of the water in the beaker is 600g.and the specific heat capacity of water is 4200 149"C) 0) “tu ta increase nt ea energy ofthe waters 6900! 6 Ez: mest 291 6 aml ¥ seen xs 14 eq 6300 8) (il) In tho experiment, the lamp is switched on for 500s. The power supplied to the filament famp 1s 13W. The useful energy from the lamp is transferred as light. The energy that Increases the temperature of the water is wasted energy. Determine the maximum possible efficiency of the filament lamp. : Etmecine 2 Cee lou / 7 Efhecienty « sai fo +7 e a alse bin. P pus : t1 fy 47h la.La maximum possible efficiency = «. 17% - 4) Scanned with CamScanner9 (6) The efficiency of the lamp is less than the value determined in (a\(ll). Suggest one reason for this. Oy [Total: 8} ZL Scanned with CamScanner0 "lg, 6.4 shows @ tock HECD made oh cfoos that has 3 refcacss ved side hE ond tees strap sides, BC, CD and DAL ex Of 1.5. The Bock has one monochromatic apt Fig. 5.41 ‘There are right angles at C and D. The curved side AB is one quarter of the circumference of a circle that has its centre at point P. Aray of monochromatic light enters the block through the curved side AB and strikes side BC at P. ‘Some light emerges into the air and some is reflected. (a) State what is meant by monochromatic. < 1 Lig tah oe. Ctlor: (c) Show that the critical angle c for glass of refractive index, | = singe [eS xsin@e Il ey HX jn sino a ie a (nif cx siete) ce 42° (0625/4123 Scanned with CamScanner" (4) Fig. 5.1 shows that the angle between the ray of ight and tine AP is wijes as aide BC. light @, where line AP ts at right Angle @ increases to 45°. (State and explain what happens to the light that strikes P. (ll) When @= 45°, the reflected light strikes side CD. Describe what happens when this reflected light strikes side CO. tt) [Total: 8) Scanned with CamScanner2 A mobile phone (cell phone) network uses microwaves of frequency 1.9 x 10°Hz to transmit and receive signals. ‘The speed of microwaves in air is 3.0 x 108m/s. (@) Calculate the wavelength of these microwaves in air. lt 3 xlo% ew Ts alet ck Os> 1b (b) State two reasons why microwaves are used for mobile phone (cell phone) signals. 13 (c) All mobile phone (cell phone) networks use digital signals to communicate with the phone. (Describe, with the aid of a diagram, how a digital signal differs from an analogue signal. Digiber were a logic ime tales ite. chAs. eighth (i) State two advantages of using digital signals rather than analogue signals. Tb bole Total: Scanned with CamScannerB RUT gh 9 cre hat cons a bat. @ switch, a voltmeter and three 40 resistors. Fig. 7.4 ‘The switch is open and resistors R, and R, form a potential divider. (2) Describe what is meant by a potential divider. {b) The reading on the voltmeter is 7.5V. (Calculate the electromotive force (e.m4.) of the battery. emf.= (il) The switch is closed. Calculate the resistance of the complete Or Ly RRs Gevir [e | sae hr Wry. da 7 i ot He: 6 resistance = .. - [Total: 8] Scanned with CamScannerlhe , 4 lm has een town is tansited using a tg vtogo cai, A nslomar i tho simple iron-cored transformer. (a) Explain the principle of operation of (b) The transformer steps the supply voltage down from 220000V to 33000V. vielbe (i) There are 450 tums on the secondary coll. Caloulate the number of tums on the primary col, ts - poco X 109 \s_Ni Vane > VpNy = = a3 pote vp Ne ve 2 Bae number of turns = ove. oe (2) (a) The clctical power transferred tothe transformer by the high-voltage cable Is 77 MW. few T1x/08 : oo Calculate the current in the primary coll. Ar yo see BY Total: 9} Scanned with CamScanner16 5 "9.9.1 represents all the particles in a neutral atom of a radioactive isotope x1, Fig. 9.1 (not to scale) (a) Determine the number of neutrons in this atom and explain how the answer is obtained. the number of neutror explanation ttr..S tector dence oveleer alll be dees. 6. fhe ble cles, eprops. and bests. Bty. del? —ramber of neutrons = 1). The isotope X1 is a beta emitter that decays to the stable isotope X2. (i) Describe how a nucleus of X2 differs from a nucleus of X1. Drofsn bet Scanned with CamScannerww (©) The hal.ite of X1 ts apgroximstely 20.5, (1) Define the term hait-tte, Lime The_aneunt. ct tstsbeadiion.. Dtbirbestle Etta bent cba ‘ua wlbeibtes 3 Se el de topes (li) Suggest one reason why isotopes witty very short half-lives are especially hazardous. Scanned with CamScannera 7 +) The half-life of X1 is. ana 20ms, (i) Define the term half-life. awneunt. The... (li) Suggest one reason why isotopes with very short halflives are especially hazardous. Total: 8 Scanned with CamScanner18 Pluto is a dwarf planet. Fig. 10.1 shows the direction of motion of Pluto as it follows its elliptical orbit around the Sun. ale [> +> ‘of motion Fig. 10.1 (not to scale) (a) Point X is the point in the orbit closest to the Sun and point Y is the point furthest away. ‘The orbital speed of Pluto varies as it orbits the Sun. ()_ Describe how the speed of Pluto varies as it moves from X to Y and then back to X. (ii) Explain, in terms of energy transfers, why the speed of Pluto varies in this way. Scanned with CamScanner9 (b The average temperature on the surface of Pluto is 43K. (1) Convert this temperature toa value in degrees Celsius (1c) igo oa temperature = alt 3I “cit (li) Pluto has a white surface, as shown in Fig. 10.2. As Pluto rotates, the white surface altemately faces towards and away from the Sun. Fig. 10.2 Explain how this affects the temperature of Pluto as it rotates on its own axi a o The whib suche foe Leas feaporie thn Qe ota 7) Gyter $Me dh fle feb vtm s! Soam eh Sen ft ehedts wt Ale velaten 4 Mt Sun * Scanned with CamScanner