Centered

Psychological
Principles
(LCP)
LEARNING OUTCOMES
explain the 14 principles.
advocate for the use of
the 14 principles in the
teaching - learning
process.
identify ways on how to
apply the 14 principles in
instruction as a future
teacher.
 Learner - Centered
Psychological Principles (LCP)
American Psychological Association othe
largest scientific andprofessional
organizationof psychologists in the
United States, with over 118.
members including
scientists, educators,
clinicians, consultants,
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and students.
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The 14 principles have the following
aspects:
o focus on psychological factors that
are primarily internal to and under
the control of the learner rather than
conditioned habits or physiological
factors;
o intended to deal holistically with
learners in the context of real - world
learning situations;
o divided into those referring to
a) Cognitive and metacognitive
b) Motivational and effective
c) Developmental and social
d) Individual difference factors
influencing learners and learning
o intended to apply to all learners
 Cognitive
and
Metacognitiv
1.
e Factors
Nature of the learning
process
2. Goals of the
learning process
3. Construction
of knowledge
4. Strategic thinking
s. Thinking about thinking
6. Context of learning
1. Nature of the learning process

The of complex
learning subject most
matter
when itisis an intentional
effective
process of
constructing meaning from
information and experience.
SUCCESSFU RM
are...
o Active
o Goal - directed
o Self - regulating
o Assume personal responsibility
for contributing their own
learning.
2. Goals of the learning process

The successfullearner, over

time and with support and
instructional guidance, can
meaningful, create
coherent
representations of knowledge.
2. Goals of the learning process
To construct useful
representations of knowledge and to
acquire the thinking and learning
strategies necessary for continued
learning success across the life span,
students must generate and pursue
personally relevant goals.
3. Construction of knowledge

The successful learner can link

new information with existing
knowledge in meaningful ways.
4. Strategic thinking
The learner can
create and use a repertoire
successful
thinking of reasoning
strategies toandachieve complex
learning goals.
4. Strategic thinking

Successful learners use it in...

o learning
o Reasoning
o Problem - solving
o Concept learning
5. Thinking about thinking

Higher order strategies for

selecting and monitoring
operations mental facilitatecreative
critical thinking.
and
6. Context of thinking
Learning is influenced by
environmental factors, including
culture, technology and
instructional practices.
 Motivationa
l and
Affective
Factors
• Motivational and
emotional influences
on learning
Intrinsic motivation to
learn
• Effects of motivation
on effort
7. Motivational and emotional
influences on learning
o Whatandhow much is learnedis
influenced by the learner's
motivation.
o Motivation to learn, in turn, is
by the individual's
influenced
states, beliefs,
emotional
interests
and goals and habits of thinking.
8. Intrinsic motivation to learn
oThe learner's creativity, higher order
thinking, and natural curiosity all
contribute to motivation to learn.
o Intrinsic motivation stimulated
is by tasks of optimal novelty and
difficulty, relevant to personal
interests, and providing for personal
choice and control.
9. Effects of Motivation on effort
o Acquisition of and complex
knowledge skills requires
extended learner effort and
guided practice.
o Without learner's motivation to
learn, the willingness to exert this
effort is unlikely without coercion.
 Developmental
and Social
Factors

• Developmental
influences on learning
• Social influences
on learning
10. Developmental influences
on learning
o As individuals develop, there are
different opportunities and
constraints for learning.
o Learning is most effective when
differential development within
and across physical, intellectual,
emotional and social domains is
taken into account.
11. Social influences on learning
o Learning is influenced by
social
interactions, i9nterpersonal
relations and communications
with others.
 Individual
Differences
Factors

• Individual
differences in
learning
• Learning and diversity
Standards and
assessment
12. Individual differences in
learning
o Learners have different
strategies, approaches, and
capabilities for learning that are a
function of prior experience and
heredity.
13. Learning and diversity
o Learning is most effective when
differences in learners' linguistic,
cultural, and social backgrounds
are taken into account.
14. Standards and assessment
o Settingappropriately high and
challenging standards and
assessing the learner as well as
learning progress - including
diagnostic, process and outcome
assessment - are integral parts of
the learning process.
 SUMMARY OF THE 14
PRINCIPLES
o The knowledge base.
o Strategic processing and control.
o Motivation and effect.
o Development and Individual
Differences.

o Situation or context