Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Sub –
2- Effective recruiting Pages (14-16)
Sections
3- Internal sources of candidates Pages (17-18)
Discovering
Human 4- Outside sources of candidates Pages (19-23)
Resources
Management
5- Recruiting a more diverse workforce Pages (24)
(Module 2)
HR Planning
and 6- Developing and using application
Pages (24-25)
Recruiting forms
Aim of study
After this course, the trainee would be able to:
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Benefits of HR planning:
• Integrate strategic demands with appropriate staffing levels.
• Ensure the optimum use of the people currently employed.
• Match HR activities with future organizational objectives efficiently.
• Achieve economies in hiring new workers.
• Expand HR information base to assist other HR activities and other
organizational units.
• Make major demands on local labor markets successfully.
• Provide for the future staffing needs of the organization in terms of skills,
number, and ages of people.
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Perspectives of HR planning
Hr planning can be performed on two levels:
MACRO HR planning
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Cost leadership
• Cost control • Job and employee • Internal promotions
• Stable business specialization • Emphasis on training
environment • Employee efficiency • Hiring and training for
• Efficiency and quality • Long HR planning scope specific capabilities
Differentiation
• Shorter HR planning
• Long term focus scope
• External staffing
• Growth • Hire HR capabilities
• Hire and train for broad
• Creativity in job behavior required
competencies
• Decentralization • Flexible jobs and
employees
Defender
• Finds change threatening • Bureaucratic approach • Build HR
• Favors strategies which • Planned and regularly • Likely to emphasize
encourage continuity and maintained policies to training programs and
security provide for lean HR internal promotion
Prospector
• Succeed on change • Creative and flexible
• Favors strategies of management style • Acquire HR
product and / or market • Have high quality HR • Likely to emphasize
development • Emphasize redeployment recruitment, selection and
and flexibility of HR performance base
• Little opportunity for compensation
long-term HRP
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There are many causes of the demand for personnel. They can be classified into the
following:
1. External:
• Economic developments: like Inflation, unemployment, and changing
workforce patterns. These factors have noticeable effect but are difficult to
estimate.
• Social, political and legal challenges: like various government regulations
prohibiting discrimination in hiring and employment which have direct
impact on HR practices.
• Technology changes: they are difficult to predict and assess but may
radically alter strategic and HR plans like the growth in the IT field which
led to the employment of millions of people directly and indirectly.
However, it complicates HR, because it tends to reduce employment in one
department while increasing it in another.
• Competition: it creates pressure to get the right talent at the right
compensation.
2. Organizational:
• As organizations respond to changes in their environment, decisions are
made to modify the strategic plan which commits firms to long-range
objectives like growth rates, new products and new markets. These
objectives dictate the number and types of employees needed in the future.
• Sales and production forecasts may provide quick notice of short-run
changes in demand for HR.
• New ventures means changing HR demands – when a new venture is begun
internally from scratch, lead time may allow planners to develop short-run
and long-run employment plans – merging HR group with Corporate
Planning staff.
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3. Workforce:
• Demand is modified by employees’ actions such as retirement, resignation,
termination, deaths and leaves of absence.
There are several methods to predict employment needs:
2- Ratio analysis: It involves determining future staff needs by using ratio between,
for example, sales volume and number of employees needed. Ex: if a salesperson
usually generates 50.000 $ in sales, you would require six new persons next year to
produce around 300.000$ dollars.
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400000
350000
300000
250000
200000
150000 sales
100000
50000
0
2 4 6 8
employees
The previous two methods assume that productivity remains about the same.
3- The scatter plot: it is a graphical method used to help identify the relationship
between two variables. Ex: the measure of business activity in relation to your
firm’s staffing levels.
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6- Markov analysis: it shows the percentage of employees who remain in each job
from one year to the next, as also the proportion of those who are promoted or
transferred or who exit the organization. Internal mobility among different job
classifications can be forecast based upon past movement patterns. Pattern is used
to establish transitional probabilities and to develop a transition matrix.
7- Managerial judgment: most employment decisions are made by line managers.
Therefore, Hr planners need to learn about these managers staffing needs as they
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may modify the forecast based on factors like turnovers or a desire to enter new
markets. They also refer to the job description documents to know the skills
required for each job opening.
8- Experts forecasts: they are based on the judgments of those who are
knowledgeable about HR future needs. They use different methods like formal
expert survey, nominal group technique (NGT), which is a structured method for
group brainstorming that encourages contributions from everyone, and Delphi
technique in which experts answer questionnaires in two or more rounds and then
a facilitator provides an anonymous summary of the experts’ forecasts after each
round.
include position replacement charts which is a card prepared for each position in a
company to show possible replacement candidates and their qualifications. Finally,
Manual systems include replacement summaries which provide more data than
replacement charts as they list likely replacements for each job and indicate their
relative strength and weaknesses.
Succession planning
Forecasting the availability of inside candidates is important in succession planning
which is the process of ensuring a suitable supply of successors for current and
future senior or key jobs. It is limited to these positions only, due to the
complexities and time demands involved in developing these plans.
It includes activities like:
• Determining the projected need for managers by company level, function and
skill.
• Planning individual career paths based on estimates of future needs.
• Accelerated promotions based on the future needs of the business.
• Training and development to prepare individuals for future roles.
• Planned strategic recruitment to fill short term needs
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Computerized information systems are suitable for large firms as it is hard to track
thousands of employees manually. They use various packaged software systems in
which the employee and the HR department enter information about the
employee’s backgrounds, experience and skills often using the company’s intranet.
Thus, when a manager needs a person for a position, he describes the position and
the system produces a list of qualified candidates. Such computerized skills might
include: Work experience, product knowledge, industry experience, formal
education, training courses foreign language skills, relocation limitations, career
interests, performance appraisals skills.
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• The various skills and expertise of the candidates in relation to the changing
needs of the organization.
• The changing workforce composition.
• The expected unemployment rates. (The lower the rate, the harder it will be
to recruit.)
• Government regulations and pressures such as job reservations for certain
groups
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2- Effective recruiting
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Given these ratios, the firm knows it must generate 1,200 leads to be able to invite
200 viable candidates to its office for interviews. The firm will then get to
interview about 150 of those invited, and from these it will make 100 offers. Of
those 100 offers, about 50 will accept.
Recruitment Evaluation
The recruitment process is evaluated according to the following points:
• The number of jobs filled
• The timeliness of jobs filled
• The cost per job filled
• The organizations' goals achieved
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Current employees are often the best source of candidates. Filling open positions
with inside employees has many benefits:
1- The company has a more accurate view of the candidates’ skills.
2- Inside candidates are more committed to the company.
3- Moral may rise because they see the promotion as rewards for performance.
4- They need less orientation and training.
However it has some disadvantages like:
1- Candidates who do not get the job may become discontented.
2- They tell other applicants why they failed.
3- Sometimes, it is a waste of time to interview many candidates when the manager
knows ahead whom he wants to hire.
4- Some groups are not satisfied when their new boss is appointed from within their
own ranks.
5- Sometimes, when all managers are from, they tend to maintain the states quo
while a new direction is required.
Promotion from within requires using job posting, personnel records and skills
bank.
Job posting is publicizing an open job to employees (often by posting it on bulletin
or intranets) and listing its attributes like qualifications, supervisor, working
schedule and pay rate. (See appendix 2)
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Personnel records are also important as they may reveal employees who are
working in jobs below their educational levels and employees who have the right
background for the open job.
Skills bank: are used to list current employees with specific skills.
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Firms can’t always get all the employees they need from their current staff. This
becomes clear when a company wants to grow or to enter new markets. Here, the
company has to recruit a large number of employees at the entry level, especially if
the firm promotes from within to fill job vacancies. Besides, sometimes, they just
need to inject a new perspective. Thus, to meet their demand from external
candidates, they use several sources like:
Advertising
To use advertising successfully, employers have to address two issues, the
advertising media and the ad’s construction.
The media: the selection on the best mean like the local paper, TV, employment
fairs or the internet depends on the positions for which you’re recruiting. The point
is to target your ad where they’ll do the most good.
Constructing the ad
Experienced advertisers use a guide called AIDA (attention, interest, desire, and
action) to construct ads. The ad should attract attention, develop interest in the job,
create desire by spotlighting the job’s interesting factors, and prompt action. (See
appendix 3)
Employment agencies
Private employment agencies are important sources of clerical and managerial
personnel. It is useful when:
1- Your firm doesn’t have its own HR department.
2- You must fill a particular opening quickly.
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3- You want to cut down on the time you’re devoting to interviewing as they know
the strengths, weakness and the work ethic of those they have listed for hire.
4- You need to hire qualified temporarily employees.
5- You want to cut the time for training as they know exactly who would be
qualified for the position.
To get the best results from these agencies, experts suggest the following:
1- Give the agency an accurate job description.
2- Tests and interviews should be part of the agency’s selection process.
3- Check on the effectiveness of the agency’s screening process.
4- Develop a long term relationship with one or two agencies.
5- Compare between the agencies to select the best.
Executive recruiters
They are also called headhunters. They are special employment agencies retained
by employers to seek out top management talent for their client. They are wanted
for jobs that would include crucial executive and technical positions.
College training
Some companies offer summer training for college students in their premises. Thus,
these companies get the chance to evaluate the students and create an applicant
pool from that college’s graduating class to choose the best ones among them to
recruit later.
On-sites visits
Employers invite good candidates to the employer’s office or plant for an on-site
visit. It is advisable to plan well for this visit and prepare an interview then make an
offer as soon as possible.
Internships
Many students get their jobs through college internships.
Advantages: current employees usually provide accurate information about the job
applicants they are referring. The new employees also have a realistic picture about
work in the firm.
Disadvantage: the employees’ moral may become low if the referral is rejected.
Walks-in refers to direct application made at your office. Thus, some employers
post hiring signs on their property.
Firms also install applicant tracking systems to obtain services like requisitions
management for monitoring open jobs, applicant data collection for scanning
applicant’s data into the system, and reporting to create various recruiting related
reports such as cost per hire. HireDesk and CATS applicant tracking systems are
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examples of these software systems which offer services like recruiting, staffing,
job posting and screening. (See Appendix 4)
However, it is important to conduct a labor market analysis to the market from
which the organization recruits as the market’s size depends on the skills level
being sought.
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Due to the rapid increase in minorities like older workers and women, it is
necessary to recruit a more diverse workforce. Example:
Older worker:
• Age related changes have little effect on worker’s output except in the most
physically demanding tasks.
• Creative and intellectual achievements don’t decline with age.
• They display more company loyalty than younger workers.
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Appendix 1
Leading companies invest in talent management to select the best person for each
job because they know success is powered by the total talent quality of their
workforce and that exceptional business performance is driven by superior talent.
On the other hand, many challenging workforce issues confront HR, including:
Therefore, HR practices have evolved from policy creation, cost reduction, process
efficiency, and risk management to driving a new talent mindset in the
organization. They have become the strategic enabler of talent management
processes that empower managers and employees while creating business value.
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Appendix 2
A sample of an internal job ad
The candidates should fill the application form enclosed with the ad by rewriting it
on the computer.
The resumes should be sent within two weeks starting from 4-8-2010 to the office
of the sector chief of HR Development or by fax to the following numbers:
31315794 – 31315690
Deputy of CEO for HR, legal and administration affairs
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Appendix 3
A sample of a job ad
We are a large pharmaceutical company looking for a customer service officer to join our
administration team. This role would be suitable for an experienced customer service officer,
preferably someone who has previously worked in a pharmaceutical or medical environment.
As the customer service officer, you will:
Should this position be of interest please email a current resume to Lionel Miller at
lionel.millier@email.com, or mail to Karp Pharmaceuticals, 100 Green Street, Terrace Hill
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SA 5666
Appendix 4
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Appendix 5
Applicant Information
Current Address:
Number and street ____________________
City ________________________________
How were you referred to Company?:___________________________
Employment Positions
• Personal Information:
• Do you have any friends, relatives, or acquaintances working for Company? [ ]Y/[ ]N
If yes, state name and relationship: ________________________________
• If hired, would you have transportation to/from work? [ ] Y or [ ] N
• Are you over the age of 18? (If under 18, hire is subject to verification of minimum legal
age.) [ ] Y or [ ] N
• If hired, are you willing to submit to and pass a controlled substance test? [ ] Y or [ ] N
• Are you able to perform the essential functions of the job for which you are applying, either
with / without reasonable accommodation? [ ] Y or [ ] N
• If no, describe the functions that cannot be performed
_____________________________________________________________
• (Note: Company complies with the ADA and consider reasonable accommodation measures
that may be necessary for eligible applicants/employees to perform essential functions. It is
possible that a hire may be tested on skill/agility and may be subject to a medical
examination conducted by a medical professional.)
• Have you ever been convicted of a criminal offense (felony or misdemeanor)? [ ] Y or [ ] N
• If yes, please describe the crime - state nature of the crime(s), when and where convicted and
disposition of the case. _________________________________
• (Note: No applicant will be denied employment solely on the grounds of conviction of a
criminal offense. The date of the offense, the nature of the offense, including any significant
details that affect the description of the event, and the surrounding circumstances and the
relevance of the offense to the position(s) applied for may, however, be considered.)
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• High School:
School name: ________________________
School address:________________________
School city:________________________________
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