Index

S.NO TOPIC PAGE NO

1. Introduction 03
2. Home Safety Hazards 03
3. Safe Usage of LPG 04
4. Fire Safety Measures 06
5. Home Poisoning 10
6. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning 12
7. Backyard Safe 14
8. Allergy Asthma Proof at Home 16
9. Prevent Mould 17
10. Prevent Slips & Falls 18
11. Toy Safety 19
12. Stay Safe in Car 20
13. Home Child Proof 22
14. Lead Poisoning 24
15. Handle Food Safety 25
 Introduction

Safety is involved in each & every walk of life. Whether it is workplace, Home, Outside travel, or
Leisure play safety to be followed irrespective of the nature of location & type of hazard present to
prevent injuries & Diseases.

To refresh the knowledge on home safety hazards identification & its removal this manual briefly
guide the simple measures to achieve injury and disease free stay at Home and make the home stay
more happier.

Be Aware Around the House

Take a room-by-room tour to learn how to keep the family healthy and safe.

Hazards Identification

ƒ Carbon ƒ Mold
Monoxide ƒ Drowning ƒ Lead Poisoning
ƒ Fire ƒ Slips & Falls ƒ Allergy Triggers
ƒ Unsafe Toys ƒ Pool Safety

ƒ Carbon
Monoxide ƒ Food Safety ƒ Motor Vehicle
ƒ Fire ƒ Poisons ƒ Poisons
ƒ Unsafe Toys ƒ Fire & Burns ƒ Backyard
Danger

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 SAFE USAGE OF LPG

Every year due to lack of attention in LPG Safe usage, hundreds of people losing their valuable life.

Preventive Measures
ƒ Always keep the cylinder in upright position. Never attempt to keep the cylinder in slanting
or upside down.( usually to take out more gas from cylinder ).
ƒ Keep the gas stove platform above the LPG cylinder level.
ƒ Don’t keep the gas stove in floor level. The main reason for this is LPG is denser than air.
Hence, in the case of leakage it will get accumulated at floor level.
ƒ Use only quality LPG Flexible hoses and Regulator attachment for cylinder.
ƒ Always keep a watch on cooking utensil at gas stove when cooking. Actions which divert
the concentration like TV watching, Discussion with others shall be strictly avoided. As any
boiling liquid, which comes out from utensil, may put off the flames in the stove and the
gas gets leaked to the entire room, which would be more disastrous in nature.
ƒ Change the hose at Every 2 year or Replace it when damaged before the interval.
ƒ Follow the safe Procedure to ignite the stove
a. Put on the Cylinder regulator in gas supply position.
b. Keep the Gas stove lighter / Ignited match stick nearer to the stove
c. Turn on the stove knob.
o Every day before sleeping or Going on to outside travel / Vocation keep the cylinder
regulator in off position.
ƒ Keep loose cloth like saree away from stove when cooking. Usage of fire resistant
asbestos made apron is suggestible.
ƒ Don’t keep the flammable materials nearer to the stove.
ƒ Keep the cooking area tide and clean.
ƒ Don’t use any curtain or Cup board in the stove top.
ƒ Children should not be allowed to work at gas stove.

Gas leakage

A gas leakage can be suspected by smelling. The best method is to use soap solution to detect
the leakage.

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Emergency first aid measures incase of gas leakage

ƒ The most indispensable thing is don’t switch on / off any electrical accessories. The
switching action will produce minute spark, which is more enough to ignite the LPG. This
precaution is more important at night as the general human tendency in the dark is to
switch on the electrical light before entering the dark room. At nighttime battery charged
emergency torch light can be used.
ƒ Don’t use any candle in the case of gas leakage.
ƒ Immediately open the windows / Door to allow the more ventilation and hereby to disperse
the gas concentration in the room.
ƒ Switch off the cylinder regulator in on position.
ƒ Shift the cylinder to outside open area.
ƒ Don’t allow any naked flame in the vicinity of cylinder.
ƒ Seek help from local LPG gas cylinder supplier or fire brigade.

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 LPG SAFETY TIPS

Safety Tip 1 Safety Tip 2 Safety Tip 3 Safety Tip 4 Safety Tip 5 Safety Tip 6
Before using the Always keep the Cylinders must Cylinders must Cylinders must Do not keep
cylinder check cylinder in be installed at be installed in a not be installed cylinders
for leakage from vertical position ground level on sufficiently near any source exposed to
cylinder valve with valve on a level surface. ventilated place. of heat. sun, rain dust
and other joints top. and heat.
by applying
soap solution.

Safety Tip 7 Safety Tip 8 Safety Tip 9 Safety Tip 10 Safety Tip 11 Safety Tip 12
Regulators to Cylinders not in Always keep the The regulators Cooking should The rubber
be used on the use should telephone should always be done on a tube should
cylinders must always be number of your be kept in OFF raised platform, not be covered
be of the same capped. distributor or position when where the stove with any
diameter as the emergency the cylinder is is placed above casing.
cylinder valve. service cell in a not in use. the cylinder
safe place. level.

Safety Tip 13
Use BIS
approved tubes.
Check tube for
cracks
periodically and
replace. After
every two years
replacement of
tube is
essential.

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 Do incase of Do incase of Do incase of Do incase of Do incase of
leakage leakage leakage leakage leakage
Open all If possible, Switch Switch off the If leakage is from Take the cylinder
doors/windows off the main supply regulator, if it is in the valve, in an open area
fully to the House from ON Position immediately put and contact the
outside ONLY. the safety cap distributor or
emergency service
cell.

Don't incase of leakage Don't incase of leakage Don't incase of leakage

Don't switch ON/OFF any Don't allow children to play near Don't light matches, lighter,
electrical equipment inside the a cylinder. stove etc.
house.

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 Fire Safety Measures

Fires are the leading causes of home injury and death:

• Cooking is the primary cause of home fires.

• Smoking is the leading cause of fire-related deaths.
• Approximately one-half of home fire deaths occur in homes without smoke alarms.
• Most residential fires occur during the winter months.
• Alcohol use contributes to an estimated 40% of residential fires.
• Most victims of fires die from smoke or toxic gases and not from burns.

Here's another fact: Despite a fire alarm's piercing sound, children, teenagers -- even some adults --
can sleep through it. For this reason, it's important to teach everyone in your home how to escape a
late-night fire.

This checklist can help you spot fire hazards in your home. It will also help you prepare your family to
quickly escape a fire.

Smoke Detectors

• Put smoke alarms/detectors in strategic locations in your home, such as the kitchen, near
bedrooms, and near fireplaces or stoves. Install at least one smoke alarm on every floor of your
home, including the basement.
• Replace batteries in smoke detectors once a year. Check your alarm twice a year. A good way
to remember: when daylight saving and standard time change each spring and fall.
• For people with hearing impairments, special smoke alarms with strobes and/or vibration are
available. You can buy these online and through local fire equipment distributors.
• Install new smoke alarms when they are 10 years old or older (sooner if one is damaged or
not working).
Fire Prevention Strategy

• Keep a fire extinguisher near the kitchen and have it checked yearly. Learn how to use it. Put
out food or grease fires in a pan with a lid or another pot.
• Teach children safety rules for matches, fires, electrical outlets, electrical cords, stoves, and
chemicals. Keep matches and flames, such as candles or lanterns, out of the reach of
children.
• Buy children's sleepwear made of flame-retardant fabric. Dress children in flame- and fire-
retardant clothing. Older adults need to be careful about wearing clothing with loose material
that could catch on fire.
Family Fire Drills

• Know the emergency number for nearest fire brigade. Remember to get out first if there is a
fire, then call for help once safely outside.
• Teach children who are old enough to understand to stop, drop, and roll if their clothing
catches on fire so they can help put out the flames and avoid serious burns.
• Let children help plan a fire escape route. Choose a meeting place outside the home where
everyone will gather, and be sure they know never to go back inside a burning building.

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 • Teach children to always keep stairways and exits clear of furniture, toys,
and other obstructions that could slow your escape.
• Practice using your escape route in family fire drills at least twice a year. Make sure
babysitters know the route, too.
• Practice what it would be like to escape through smoke by getting down on hands and knees
and crawling below the smoke to the nearest exit. Cooler air will be near the floor.
• Once kids have mastered the plan, hold a drill while everyone is sleeping. This will let you
know if they will wake up or sleep through the smoke alarm. Even those who wake up may be
groggy or move slowly.
Potential Fire Hazards

Cooking Equipment

• Keep an eye on anything you're cooking if the setting is higher than "warm."
• Keep potholders, plastic utensils, towels, or other non-cooking equipment away from the
stove, because these items can catch fire.
• Roll up or fasten long, loose sleeves while cooking.
• Store candy or cookies away from the stove so kids won't be tempted to climb on it to get to
the treats.
Cigarettes, Lighters and Matches

Smoking materials are the leading cause of home fire deaths. The tools used to light them are also a
fire hazard.

• Keep lighters and matches in a locked cabinet out of sight and reach of children, and remind
children that they are tools for adults, not toys.
• Make sure that cigarette butts are fully extinguished before emptying ashtrays. Never place a
cigarette butt directly into a trashcan without dousing it with water first.
Furnaces, Fireplaces, and Space Heaters

• Furnaces should be inspected annually. Keep boxes, paper, and other flammables away from
the furnace. An outdoor shed is better.
• Fireplaces should be protected with screens or tempered glass doors. Keep kindling at least
three feet away from the fireplace. Have the chimney inspected yearly and cleaned if necessary.
• When purchasing an electric space heater, look for the UL mark. Keep at least three feet
between the heater and anything that can burn. Turn the heater off before falling asleep or
leaving the area you are heating.
Wood-Burning Stoves

Make sure wood-burning stoves are properly installed and meet your town's building and fire codes.

• These stoves are not designed to burn trash or other items. Never use gasoline or other
flammable liquids to start a stove fire. Burn coal only if recommended by the manufacturer.
• Remember that wood and coal stoves get very hot. If you have young children living in or
visiting your home, supervise them carefully and consider installing a temporary stove guard to
help prevent burns.
• Follow stove instructions and cleaning and maintenance requirements.

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 • Have chimneys inspected each year and cleaned, if necessary, by a
professional chimney sweep to avoid dangerous creosote buildup.
• Use an approved stone board under your wood or coal stove to protect the floor from heat and
stray embers.
Kerosene Heaters

• Use kerosene only. Never use gasoline in your heater. Gasoline is highly volatile, greatly
increasing the risk of fire. Refill kerosene heaters outside after they have cooled down.
• If a flare-up occurs, activate the manual shut-off switch and call your fire department.
• Place the heater at least three feet away from anything that can burn and in a low traffic area
so it will not be knocked over or trap you in the event of a fire.
• Keep the room ventilated (a door open, or a window ajar) to prevent an indoor air pollution
problem.
Gas-Fired Space Heaters

These heaters should not be used in small, enclosed areas -- especially bedrooms -- because there is
potential for explosion or carbon monoxide poisoning.

• Follow the manufacturer's instructions for lighting the pilot. Otherwise, gas vapors can
accumulate and ignite, burning your hand or face.
• Light one match, if needed for lighting the pilot, before you turn on the gas to prevent gas
buildup. Keep flammable materials away from gas-fired appliances.
• Do not use a propane heater (LP) with a gas cylinder.
Other Hazards

• Use proper fuses in electrical boxes, do not overload outlets, and use insulated and grounded
electrical cords.
• Keep trash cleaned up in attics, basements, and garages.
• Be careful with gas equipment such as lawn mowers, snow blowers, and chain saws.
• Avoid fireworks. Think of safety first when dealing with fireworks

Others
ƒ Be careful when using the candle in the time of power cut.
ƒ Keep a watch on cooking utensil at Gas stove.
ƒ Don’t use waste cloth to handle the cooking utensils.
ƒ Never refill the kerosene stove when it is in burning condition.

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 Prevent Poisoning in the Home

Almost all of poison exposures occur in the home and 80% of all poisonings are in children between
the ages of 1 and 4. Follow these guidelines to prevent poisoning in the home.

• Install safety locks/childproof latches on all cabinets to restrict access to children.

• Store potential poisons including detergents, medications, and chemical products (like
pesticides and drain cleaners) out of reach and out of sight of children -- inside the house as
well as in the garage or shed.
• Store potential poisons in their original containers. Do not transfer them to food containers like
milk jugs or coffee cans.

• Keep food and potential poisons separate; store them in different cabinets. Children can
mistake the identity of products that look alike to them.
• Return all products to storage immediately after use. Keep the products and your children in
sight during use.
• Safely discard -- into a sealed, outdoor trash receptacle -- all household products and
medications that are old or aren't used regularly.
• Never mix products; dangerous fumes could result.
• Make sure medications are in child-resistant containers. Vitamins and supplements also
should be out of reach of children.
• Keep indoor plants out of reach; some may be poisonous.
• Stay away from areas that have been sprayed recently with pesticides or fertilizer.

Learn the signs of potential poisoning, which can include:

• Difficulty breathing
• Difficulty speaking
• Dizziness
• Unconsciousness
• Foaming or burning of the mouth
• Cramps
• Nausea
• Vomiting
If someone has been exposed to poison and seeking a medical advice inform the following things to
doctor when you call:

• Victim's condition
• Name of product consumed and ingredients
• How much of the product was consumed
• When the product was consumed
• Your name and phone number
• Age of victim
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 • Weight of victim
If the victim has swallowed something extremely toxic and fast-acting, you may need to administer
first aid right away. To speed up this process, one person should call Poison Control, while another
one takes the following precautions:

• If poison touches the skin, immediately wash the area with soap and warm water for 10-30
minutes. If there is blistering, take the victim to the doctor immediately.
• If a toxic substance gets in the eyes, flush eyes with warm water for 10 minutes.
• If poison is inhaled, take the victim outside for fresh air.
• If the victim has stopped breathing or doesn't have a heartbeat, perform CPR ( Cardio
Pulmonary Resuscitation ) and call for emergency.
• If the victim is unconscious or breathing is difficult or labored, call Ambulance.

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 Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

Carbon monoxide poisoning is caused by an odorless and colorless gas, and poses a very harmful
threat. Carbon monoxide poisoning can kill you. But in many cases, carbon monoxide poisoning can
be prevented.

Carbon monoxide is produced by burning any fuel. Therefore, any fuel-burning appliance in home is a
potential source. Poisoning comes from inhaling enough of the gas that it replaces oxygen in
the blood.

Space heaters, fireplaces, furnaces, wood stoves, and water heaters are all leading sources of
carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide can escape if these devices leak or are poorly vented. Exhaust
from a car parked in a closed garage can also be a source.

According to one recent study, 67% of households use gas, wood, kerosene, coal, or fuel as their
major heating source. These fuels release carbon monoxide when burned. More than 100,000
medical visits each year are caused by old or poorly serviced heating sources.

Symptoms

The initial symptoms are similar to the flu, but without fever. They include:

• Dizziness
• Fatigue
• Headache
• Nausea
• Irregular breathing
If you have any of these symptoms -- and if you feel better when you go outside your home, but the
symptoms reappear once you're back inside -- you may have carbon monoxide poisoning.

If carbon monoxide poisoning is known or suspected:

• Get out of the building or car where the carbon monoxide is present.
• Keep still. (This will conserve oxygen in the blood, which is already at a low level because
carbon monoxide has partially replaced it.)
• It is important that you get treated right away. At the hospital, you will probably get oxygen
therapy through a mask.

Prevention

• Install at least one smoke alarm and carbon monoxide alarm on every level of your home and
near bedrooms.
• Have a professional inspect, clean, and tune up the central heating system and repair leaks.
• Monitor appliances, chimneys, and vents for visible soot, rust, stains, blockage, or corrosion.
Also have them inspected each year. When in use, make sure they vent properly to allow gas to
escape from enclosed areas. Don't close the fireplace or stove damper before the fire is
completely out.
• Open flues when fireplaces are in use.
• Hire a professional to clean your chimney at least once a year to prevent creosote buildup.
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• Burn only wood and be sure the wood stove is placed on an approved
stove board to protect the floor from heat and embers.
• Use proper fuel in kerosene space heaters.
• Use space heaters in well-ventilated areas.
• Don't use a gas kitchen oven to heat your home. Keep gas appliances properly adjusted and
serviced.
• Don't burn charcoal or use a grill indoors.
• Don't use paint remover that has methylene chloride in it, especially when children are around.
(Methylene chloride converts to carbon monoxide in the body.)

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 Make Your Backyard Safe

Playing outside is a natural pastime for most children. Keeping that outside environment safe is key to
keeping children healthy and injury-free.

Home Playground Safety

Each year, more than 200,000 children go to emergency rooms for playground-related injuries. And
while deaths from such injuries are rare, most happen at home.

Supervising your child at play is a big factor in reducing injury. And taking these playground
precautions will also reduce risk:

• Cover areas under and around the equipment with shock-absorbing material, such as sand,
rubber, or mulch, nine to 12 inches deep.
• Make sure swing seats are made of soft rubber, not hard wood.
• Don't suspend more than two swing seats in the same section of the equipment's support
structure. Most home playground injuries can be blamed on swings.
• The equipment should have ladders with steps rather than rungs for easier access, or rungs
with more than nine inches or less than three and a half inches of space between them, to
prevent children from getting stuck.
• Cover all protruding bolts.
• Do not attach ropes or cords to the play set, which could become strangulation hazards.
• Plastic play sets or climbing equipment should never be used indoors on wood or cement
floors, even if they're carpeted. All climbing equipment should be outdoors on shock-absorbing
surfaces to prevent children's head injuries.
• Slides and platforms should be no higher than six feet for school-age children, or four feet for
pre-schoolers.
• Platforms, walkways, ramps, and ladders should have adequate guardrails.

Treated Wood Risks

Arsenic in pressure-treated wood -- used in play sets, decks, and picnic tables across the country --
poses an increased risk of cancer to children who play and eat on wood surfaces, according to the
EPA.

More than 90% of all outdoors wooden structures are made from arsenic-based treated wood. While
the wood industry is phasing out production of this type of wood, existing structures are still a
concern.

So to protect your children, take the following measures:

• Seal the wood at least every six months with standard penetrating deck treatments.
• Replace sections of potential high exposure such as handrails, steps, or deck boards with
non-arsenic alternatives.
• Keep children and pets away from the soil beneath and immediately surrounding arsenic-
treated wood structures.
• Cover arsenic-treated picnic tables with a tablecloth before using.

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 • Do not pressure-wash to clean the surface of arsenic-treated wood.
Instead, use a soap and water solution, with disposable cleaning supplies.
• Do not allow children to play on rough wood surfaces. Arsenic-treated wood splinters can be
dangerous.
• Do not store toys or tools under the deck. Arsenic leaches from the wood when it rains and
may coat things left there.
• Do not use commercial "deck washing" solutions. These solutions can convert chemicals on
the wood to a more toxic form.
Pool & Spa Hazards

Drowning is a leading cause of death to children under 5. And many drownings occur at home. Take
these simple precautions:

• Always supervise children who are in and around a pool or spa.

• Have fences or walls at least four feet high completely around the pool. Gates should be self-
closing and self-latching, with latches out of reach of children.
• Keep rescue equipment by the pool, including a portable or mobile telephone.
• Steps and ladders for aboveground pools should be secured or removed when the pool is not
in use.
• Use a cover for the pool when it is not in use.
• Make sure drains are covered to prevent hair from being sucked into the drain, which could
lead victims' heads being held under water.
• Spa water temperatures should be set to 104 degrees Fahrenheit or lower to avoid elevated
body temperature, which could lead to drowsiness, unconsciousness, heat stroke, or death

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 Allergy- and Asthma-Proof Your Home

Every year millions of people suffer from allergies, the key to relief is to control allergy triggers --
allergens. There's a lot to make the home more comfortable.

Avoid Dust, Dander, and Pollen

Dust mites (really, their droppings) are the most common trigger of allergy and asthma symptoms.
These tiny insects live in the dust particles that naturally collect in our homes. Pet -- and human --
dander (skin cells) and pollen, of course, also are common culprits that trigger allergy and asthma
symptoms. The key is to have as few places as possible for particles to collect on, and to keep these
places clean.

• Keep windows closed and use air conditioning. Don't use fans, which stir up dust. Also keep
the house dry.
• Replace wall-to-wall carpet, if possible. Carpeting traps dust. Flooring like hardwood, tile, and
linoleum is better. Use small rugs that can be cleaned easily. If replacing carpet isn't feasible,
vacuum it at least weekly. Use a vacuum with double bags or a HEPA (high-efficiency
particulate) filter.
• Cover mattresses, box springs, and pillows with plastic cases or special allergen-proof fabric
covers.
• Avoid down pillows or comforters.
• Avoid upholstered furniture, which can trap allergens; try to use only wood, plastic, leather, or
vinyl furniture that can be wiped clean.
• Replace dust-collecting blinds and long drapes with window shades or washable curtains.
• Wear a mask and gloves when cleaning and vacuuming.
• If you have pets (of course, it's better for you not to have pets), keep them out of the bedroom,
since we spend the majority of our time at home in the bedroom. Bathe your pets regularly as
well. And keep them off of upholstered furniture.

Control Cockroaches

Cockroaches' droppings contain a protein that is a primary asthma trigger. Cockroaches need water
to survive and they thrive on what you leave behind, so they'll be less likely to be a problem in a
clean, dry house. Fix leaks, keep food in containers, don't leave out dirty dishes, clean the kitchen
thoroughly after meals including under appliances, and take out the garbage regularly. Also block any
openings through which cockroaches could enter from outside, including windows, wall cracks, and
floor gaps.

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 Prevent Mold

Although there are thousands of kinds of molds, few are toxic. But household molds can trigger
allergy symptoms in allergy sufferers. So avoiding mold can help you avoid asthma, congestion, and
other allergy-related symptoms. And the best way to avoid mold is to avoid moisture.

• Keep the house dry -- don't let water build up anywhere, ventilate damp rooms, wipe shower
walls and doors after use.
• Don't leave wet clothes in the washing machine where mold can quickly grow.
• Wash shower curtains and bathroom tiles regularly with mold-killing products.
• Don't have too many indoor plants -- especially in the bedroom; mold can grow in plant soil.
• Fix any leaks or seepage in the house, indoors and out
• Put plastic over dirt in crawlspaces and keep them well ventilated.
• Use exhaust fans in the kitchen and bathrooms.
• Turn off humidifiers if you see condensation on windows.
• Use dehumidifiers and air conditioners in basements and other areas of the house where mold
tends to grow, especially in hot humid climates.
• Clean dehumifiers and humidifiers every week.
• On concrete floors, remove carpet and use area rugs that can be lifted and washed, or install
a vapor barrier over the concrete

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 Prevent Slips and Falls

Falls are the most common fatal injury in the home -- especially among older people.

There are numerous safety measures you can take to prevent slips and falls in your home.

• Stairways should have handrails on both sides.

• Attach safety treads to steps.
• Remove tripping hazards such as throw rugs, furniture, and clutter from walkways.
• Use self-adhesive non-skid mats or safety treads in bathtubs, showers, and pools.
• Use non-skid rugs on bathroom floors.
• Use non-skid pads under rugs on bare floors.
• Install grab bars on both sides of toilets and bathtubs, especially on those used by seniors.
Falls are especially dangerous for seniors. The CDC says more than one-third of adults 65 and older
fall each year. And the consequences are great: Seniors suffer 360,00-480,000 fall-related fractures
each year; in 2001, more than 11,600 people 65 and older died from fall-related injuries.

Researchers say the risks of seniors falling are greater if they have lower body weakness, problems
with walking and balance, or are taking four or more medications. To reduce their risk, seniors should
get regular exercise to increase their lower body strength and improve balance. And their doctor or
pharmacist should review and revise, if necessary, their medications to reduce side effects and
interactions.

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 Take Toy Safety Measures

Follow these tips for choosing safe and appropriate toys for children:

• Select toys to suit the age, abilities, skills, and interest level of the intended child. Toys too
advanced may pose safety hazards to younger children.
• For infants, toddlers, and all children who still mouth objects, avoid toys with small parts,
which could pose a fatal choking hazard. Never give young children small balls or balloons.
• Look for sturdy construction on plush toys, such as tightly secured eyes, noses, and other
potential small parts.
• Avoid toys that have sharp edges and points, especially for children under age 8.
• Avoid toys with strings, straps, or cords longer than seven inches. They could wrap around a
child's neck.
• Do not purchase electric toys with heating elements for children under age 8.
• Check toys that make loud noises, which may damage young ears. If it sounds too loud to an
adult, it's too loud for a child.
• Look for labels on toys that give age and safety recommendations and use that information as
a guide. Check instructions for clarity.
• If you buy bicycles, scooters, skateboards, or inline skates, don't forget to include appropriate
safety gear, such as helmets and pads.
• Throw away plastic wrappings on toys as soon as they're opened.
• Follow instructions carefully when assembling toys.
Research has shown that many manufacturers and retailers continue to sell toys that have small parts
but are not labeled with the choke hazard warning as required by law. Other toys that exceed safety
standards for loudness, toxic ingredients, and strangulation hazards are also in toy stores and
increasingly available via the Internet.

It is also important to monitor the toys which children play with. Make sure they are not broken or
coming apart. Repair or discard damaged toys

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 Stay Safe in Your Car

Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death among children. Many of these deaths could be
prevented with child safety seats -- and using them properly.

Child safety seats reduce the risk of death by about 70% for babies and 55% for toddlers ages 1 to 4.
Yet half of the children under 5 who were killed in motor vehicle crashes in 2000 were riding
unrestrained. Take every possible precaution to keep your child safe in your car.

• All children 12 and younger should ride in the back seat. That's the safest part of a car during
a crash and keeps kids from being injured by airbags.
• Choose a child safety seat that is appropriate for each child's weight and age; never use one
that is too big or too small:
o Infant-only car seats should face the rear of the vehicle and recline at a 45-degree
angle to keep baby's head from falling forward. These seats fit newborns best. They
should be used for babies until they are 1 year old and weigh at least 20-22 pounds.

Many infant car seats are detachable from the base, which remains in the vehicle. This
allows the seat to double as an infant carrier as well.

Make sure the harness clips are position across baby's chest at shoulder level, not the
abdomen. Harness straps should be relatively straight without sagging or twisting. Many
infant-only
o Convertible seats are bigger and heavier than infant-only seats, can face the rear or
the front, and can be used longer and for larger children -- especially if babies outgrow
infant-only seats before they are 1. These seats should still recline and face the rear until
babies are at least 1 and weight at least 20-22 pounds.

Convertible seats can face forward for toddlers over 1 year old and who weigh more than
20-22 pounds. Some seats also have height limits before they can face forward; follow the
manufacturer's instructions.

Again, make sure the harness clips are position across baby's chest, not the abdomen.
Harness straps should be relatively straight without sagging or twisting.
o Booster seats face forward and should be used for children over 4 and who weigh
more than 40 pounds. The seat and child are restrained by the vehicle's regular lap and
shoulder seatbelt.

Make sure the lap belt fits low and tight across the lap/upper thigh area and the shoulder
belt fits snugly across the chest and shoulder (not under the neck) to avoid abdominal
injuries.
o A child may graduate to a vehicle's regular restraint system when he or she is at least
8 years old or 4'9" tall. The lap belt should fit snugly and sit low over the upper thighs.
Shoulder straps should fit snugly across the chest, not under the neck or behind the back.
• Make sure the safety seat is properly installed. Follow the manufacturer's directions and check
the installation regularly. Local authorities often host car-seat inspections at firehouses and
police stations. Take advantage of these when they occur.
• Never buy a used car seat.
• Absolutely never carry a child in your lap while you ride in a car or allow a child to ride
unrestrained.

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 • If you use a blanket over your infant, never put it between the child and
the harness straps, or underneath or behind the baby. Lay the blanket across the child after he
or she is strapped in.
• Let your child play with only soft toys in the car. Hard toys can become dangerous projectiles
in crashes.
• Adults should always use a seatbelt as well.
NOTE: Newer cars and newer car seats have a system called LATCH (lower anchors and tethers for
children) that makes car seats easier to use. All vehicles and most child safety seats made after
September 2002 come with LATCH, which uses built-in anchors rather than seatbelts for attaching
car seats.

While there are numerous car safety seats on the market, there is no one that is the safest or the
best. The best one for your child is one that fits his or her size and weight and can be installed
correctly in your car. And remember a higher price doesn't necessarily mean better quality. A pricier
model might just have added features that have nothing to do with safety.

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 Childproof Your Home

Unintentional injury is the No. 1 killer of children. But prevention can prevent almost all of these
injuries.

Here are some childproofing steps to take to keep your children safe at home.

In the Kitchen

• Install safety latches on cabinets and drawers to keep children from potentially poisonous
household products.
• Use the stove's back burners and turn pot handles toward the back of the stove to keep pots
and pans out of reach of children.
• Keep kitchenware and appliances out of reach and away from the edge of counters and
tables.
• Put visuals reminders like the Mr. Yuk stickers from poison prevention centers on potential
poisonous or hazardous items.
In the Bathroom

• Install safety latches on cabinets and drawers to keep children from potentially poisonous
household products.
• Install toilet locks to keep toilet lids closed. Children are more top-heavy than adults and can
lean and fall into a toilet easily. They also can drown in just one inch of water.
• Install anti-scalding devices on faucets and showerheads to prevent burns. Also set the
water heater thermostat to 120 degrees. It takes just three seconds for a child to sustain a third-
degree burn from water at 140 degrees.
• Unplug hair dryers and electric rollers after use to prevent electrocution from contact with
water in the bathroom.
• Cover unused electrical outlets with outlet protectors or safety caps. Make sure outlets in
the bathroom and kitchen are updated with ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs), which turn
off electricity if appliances fall into water.
Around the House

• Use safety gates at the top and bottom or stairs and in the doorways of rooms with hazards.
Gates with expanding pressure bars should be placed away from baby.
• Use doorknob covers to keep children away from rooms and other areas with hazards, such
as swimming pools. Be careful, though, that these devices are easy for adults to use in case of
emergency.
• Put corner and edge bumpers on furniture and other items like a fireplace hearth to protect
against injury.
• Place furniture away from high windows so children won't climb onto windowsills. Screens
aren't strong enough to keep children from falling through windows.
• Make sure window blinds do not have looped cords -- they can be strangulation hazards
for children. Blinds, shades, and draperies purchased before 2001 should be repaired or
replaced. Also, always lock blinds into position whether they are all the way up or down.
• Remove free-falling lids from toy chests, which should have a lid that stays open or a very
light, removable one.

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 • Prevent furniture from tipping by securing bookcases, shelving, and
heavy furniture to walls with brackets and anchors. When storing items, put heavier items on
bottom shelves and in bottom drawers.
Remember that childproofing your home can never be 100% effective against injury. That's why it's so
important to supervise your children at all times

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 Prevent Lead Poisoning

Lead poisoning occurs over many months or years of exposure to lead in the environment. It is
especially harmful to children under 6, and more so for children under 3.

In children, lead poisoning can stunt growth, cause brain damage, kidney damage, hearing damage,
and can permanently damage mental development. In adults, it can increase blood pressure; cause
digestive problems, kidney damage, nerve disorders, sleep problems, and muscle and joint pain.

Poisoning can be determined by a test that measures the levels of lead in the blood.

The most common sources of lead in the home are peeling or chipping lead-based paint and lead in
dust or soil.

Children can swallow harmful amounts of lead if they play in the dirt or in dusty areas (even indoors)
and then put their fingers, clothes, or toys in their mouths, or if they eat without first washing their
hands.

If you suspect your home might have excessive lead levels, you can reduce the exposure to your
family.

• Do not try to remove lead yourself. Only a trained lead contractor should do so. go to
www.leadisting.org. Do-it-yourself kits are not recommended.
• Have water from each faucet tested. Find qualified laboratories through your state or local
environment or health department.
• Use only cold water for cooking or drinking. Hot water is likely to have higher levels of lead
than cold water.
• Clean floors, windowsills, and doorframes with a solution of powdered automatic dishwashing
detergent, tri-sodium phosphate detergent, or lead-specific cleaning products.
• Wipe and rinse toys with warm, soapy water often; wash pacifiers and bottles any time they
fall on the floor.
• Children's hands should be washed frequently, especially before eating and sleeping, and
after playing. Keep their play areas as clean as possible.
• Teach children not to eat sand, dirt, or paint chips, and to play in grassy areas outside.
• Don't scrape, sand, or burn painted wood.
• Keep children and pregnant women out of the home if it is being renovated, when lead dust
can be stirred up easily.
• Don't store food or beverages in crystal containers or reused metal cans that weren't made in
the U.S.; both might contain some lead.
• A balanced diet including adequate levels of vitamin C, iron, zinc, calcium, and phosphorus
can reduce or prevent lead absorption.

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 Handle Food Safely

Medically known as food-borne illness or food-borne disease.

It occurs when eat or drink something contaminated with any number of disease-causing bacteria,
viruses, or parasites. And it can result in diarrhea, vomiting, and fever, which can be serious if
prolonged, and can lead to dehydration.

Most people rarely get sick from contaminated foods because their immune systems are strong
enough to protect them. But when harmful bacteria multiply beyond safe limits due to unsafe food
handling or lack of refrigeration, that's when food-poisoning strikes. When the immune system is
impaired by sickness, age, or other factors, food poisoning is also more likely.

Raw foods from animals, such as eggs, meat and poultry, shellfish, and unpasteurized milk, are the
foods most likely to be contaminated. Raw fruits and vegetables are of particular concern because
washing decreases but does not eliminate contamination.

But food poisoning usually can be prevented by handling food safely. The four simple steps for safely
preparing food at home:

1. Clean and wash hands, countertops, and other surfaces often. Bacteria can spread throughout the
kitchen and get onto cutting boards, utensils, sponges, and countertops.

• Wash your hands with hot soapy water before handling food and after using the bathroom,
changing diapers, and touching pets. Avoid preparing foods if you have diarrhea.
• Wash your cutting boards, dishes, utensils, and countertops with hot soapy water after
preparing each food item and before you go on to the next food.
• Use plastic or other nonporous cutting boards. These boards should be run through the
dishwasher -- or washed in hot soapy water -- after each use.
• Consider using paper towels to clean up kitchen surfaces. If you use cloth towels, wash them
often in the hot cycle of your washing machine.

2. Separate and don't cross-contaminate. This is especially true when handling raw meat, poultry, and
seafood, so keep these foods and their juices away from ready-to-eat foods.

• Separate raw meat, poultry, and seafood from other foods in your grocery shopping cart and
in your refrigerator.
• If possible, use a different cutting board for raw meat products.
• Always wash hands, cutting boards, dishes, and utensils with hot soapy water after they come
in contact with raw meat, poultry, or seafood.
• Never place cooked food on a plate that previously held raw meat, poultry, or seafood.
3. Cook food to proper temperatures to kill the harmful bacteria.

• Use a clean thermometer that measures the internal temperature of cooked foods to make
sure meat, poultry, casseroles, and other foods are cooked all the way through.
• Cook roasts and steaks to at least 145 degrees Fahrenheit. Whole poultry should be cooked
to 180 degrees Fahrenheit for doneness. Because bacteria can spread throughout ground beef
(hamburger) during processing, always cook it to at least 160 degrees Fahrenheit.
• Cook eggs until the yolk and white are firm. Don't use recipes in which eggs remain raw or
only partially cooked.
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 • Fish should be opaque and flake easily with a fork.
• When cooking in a microwave oven, make sure there are no cold spots in food where bacteria
can survive. For best results, cover food, stir, and rotate for even cooking. If there is no
turntable, rotate the dish by hand once or twice during cooking.
• Bring sauces, soups, and gravy to a rolling boil when reheating. Heat other leftovers
thoroughly to 165 degrees Fahrenheit.
4. Refrigerate food promptly. Refrigerate foods quickly because cold temperatures keep harmful
bacteria from growing and multiplying. Set your refrigerator no warmer than 40 degrees Fahrenheit
and the freezer no warmer than 0 degrees Fahrenheit. Check these temperatures occasionally with
an appliance thermometer.

• Refrigerate or freeze perishables, prepared food, and leftovers within two hours.
• Never defrost food at room temperature. Thaw food in the refrigerator, under cold running
water, or in the microwave. Marinate foods in the refrigerator.
Divide large amounts of leftovers into small, shallow containers for quick cooling in the refrigerator.
Don't pack the refrigerator full. Cool air must circulate to keep food safe

Thank You

Project Management, Client solution 26 Bangalore