LESSON 4.

1 The Period of Activism (1970-1972)

LESSON 4.2

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND PERIOD OF THE NEW SOCIETY

•According to Ponciano B. Pineda, youth activism

in 1970-72 was due to domestic and worldwide
causes. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

•Activism is connected with the history of our •September 21, 1972-The period of the New
Filipino youth. Society started.

•The period of Activism is also known as The
Period of the Bloody Placards
Causes of Youth Activism
•They think the people running the government
are at fault
•They believed that socialism and communism
should replace democracy
• Some armed groups were formed to bring down
the democratic form of government
What is MARTIAL LAW?
Martial law is the temporary imposition of direct
military control of normal civil functions or
suspension of civil law by a government, especially
in response to a temporary emergency where civil
forces are overwhelmed, or in an occupied
territory.
•The New Society tried to stop pornography or
those writings giving bad influences on the morals
of people. Ministry of Public Affairs
-•Established by the military gov't to supervise
the newspapers, books & other publications.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
OLD PLAYS REVIVED BY THE GOV'T:
1. Cenaculo
2. The Zarzuela
3. The Embayoka of the Muslims
THEATERS BUILT:
1. Cultural Center of the Philippines
2. The folk Arts Theater
3. Metropolitan Theater (was rebuilt)

The Literary Revolution

The youth became completely rebellious during •KISLAP & LIWAYWAY - Became Outlets for
this period. This was proven not only in the bloody Writers to Publish Many of Their works
demonstrations and in the sidewalk expressions
but also in literature.

A. FILIPINO POETRY
Campus newspapers showed rebellious emotions. Themes of poems:
The once aristocratic writers developed
awareness for society. They held pens and wrote Patience
on placards in red paint the equivalent of 6 the
word MAKIBAKA (To dare!). Native Culture
Customs
Beauties of Nature and
Surroundings
Those who wrote poetry during this period were:
1. Ponciano Pineda
2. Aniceto Silvestre
3. Jose Garcia Revelo
4. Bienvenido Ramos
5. Vicente Dimasalang
6. Cir Lopez Francisco
7. Pelagio Sulit Cruz
B. THE PLAY
The following organizations contributed a lot to
the development of plays during this period:
1. PETA of Cecille Guidote and Lino Brocka
2. Repertory Philippines of Rebecca Godines and
Zennida Amador
3. UP Repertory of Behn Cervantes
4. Teatro Filipina of Rolando Tinio
LESSON 4.3 PERIOD OF THE THIRD REPUBLIC
(1981-1985)
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
AFTER TEN (10) YEARS OF MILITARY RULE AND
SOME CHANGES IN THE LIFE OF THE FILIPINO
WHICH STARTED UNDER THE NEW SOCIETY,
MARTIAL RULE WAS AT LAST LIFTED ON JANUARY
2 1981.
TO THOSE IN THE GOVERNMENT, THE LIFTING OF
MILITARY RULE HERALDED A CHANGE. TO THEIR
PERCEPTIONS, THE PHILIPPINES BECAME A NEW
NATION AND THIS; FORMER PRESIDENT MARCOS
CALLED "THE NEW REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
-THE FIRST REPUBLIC HE CLAIMED WAS DURING
THE PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC OF EMILIO AGUINALDO
WHEN WE FIRST GOT OUR INDEPENDENCE FORM
THE SPANIARDS ON JUNE 12, 1898.
-THE SECOND REPUBLIC WAS WHEN THE
AMERICANS GRANTED US OUR INDEPENDENCE
ON JULY 4, 1946.
-THE THIRD REPUBLIC WHEN WE WERE FREED
FROM MILITARY RULE.
THE AQUINO ASSASSINATION
AS THE SITUATION IN THE
PHILIPPINESWORSENED, AQUINO DECIDED TO
RETURN TO FACE MARCOS AND RESTORE
DEMOCRACY IN THE COUNTRY, DESPITE
NUMEROUS THREATS AGAINST IT. HE WAS
ASSASSINATED AT THE MANILA INTERNATIONAL
AIRPORT ON AUGUST 21, 1983, UPON RETURNING
FROM HIS SELF IMPOSED EXILE.
FILIPINO POETRY
-POEMS DURING THIS PERIOD OF THE THIRD
REPUBLIC WERE ROMANTIC AND
REVOLUTIONARY. WRITERS WROTE OPENLY OF
THEIR CRITICISM AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT.
THE SUPPLICATIONS OF THE PEOPLE WERE
COACHED IN FIERY, COLORFUL, VIOLENT,
PROFANE AND INSULTING LANGUAGE.
PHILIPPINE FILMS
-THE YEARLY FESTIVAL OF FILIPINO FILMS
CONTINUED TO BE HELD DURING THIS PERIOD.
THE PEOPLE'S LOVE FOR SEX FILMS ALSO WAS
UNABATED. MANY PRODUCERS TOOK
ADVANTAGE OF THIS AT THE EXPENSE OF PUBLIC
MORALITY.
POETRY IN ENGLISH DURING THE THIRD REPUBLIC
-MOST ESPECIALLY, DURING THE WAKE OF THE
TRAGIC BENIGNO AQUINO JR.'S INCIDENT, PEOPLE
REACTED WITH SHOCK, APPALLED BY THE
SUDDENNESS AND THE UNEXPECTEDNESS OF
EVENTS.