DEFINITION AND FOCUS

Prepared by:
Daryl Mae CASIRAYAN, RN
 PUBLIC HEALTH

• Public health promotes and protects the health of people and

the communities where they live, learn, work and play.

• To assure the conditions in which people can be healthy.

• To sets safety standards to protect workers and develops

school nutrition programs to ensure kids have access to
healthy food.

• To track disease outbreaks, prevent injuries and shed light

on why some of us are more likely to suffer from poor health
than others.
Examples of Public
Health:
First responders
Restaurant inspectors
Health educators
Scientists and researchers
Nutritionists
Community planners
Examples of Public
Health:
Social workers
Epidemiologists
Public health physicians
Public health nurses
Occupational health and
safety professionals
Public policymakers
Sanitarians
 Community Health
 A medical practice which focuses on people's well-being in a
particular geographical area.
Refers the collective efforts of individual or organizations for the
better health of a geographically or culturally defined group of people
while, population health uses outcome driven approaches for
the health benefits of specific group of people typically defined by
attribution.
Community Health Components
Identification of significant public health issues, such as
social and environmental influences impacting healthy
living, within the same geographic region.
Developing an intervention strategy to resolve urban
infrastructure shortages, such as setting up
community health centers, mobile clinics, and services for
outreach.
 Community Health Components
In order to promote life changes, inform people about the importance of
medical treatment and safe lifestyles.
Ensuring the availability of essential medical services like screenings,
therapy, and counseling.
In case emergencies cost reduction of expensive treatments and
hospitalizations.
Advocating to state and federal officials for better treatment for at-risk
communities.
Community Health Nursing

 A population-focused, community-
oriented approach aimed at health
promotion of an entire population, and
prevention of disease, disability and
premature death in a population.
Role of Community Health Nursing
1. Medical treatment
2. Rehabilitation
3. Health education
4. Advocacy
5. Research
6. Collaboration with other healthcare
workers and with government
agencies
 Public Health Nursing

• Public health nurses work specifically in

disease prevention and health promotion.
One role includes operating
immunization clinics. These clinics are
most commonly held for influenza, but
these days they also focus on
administering the COVID-19 vaccine.
 Public Health Nursing

• Covers programs to help

neighborhood members in
protecting and improving their
health, deter the transmission of
infectious diseases, and plan for
natural disasters.
 Public Health Nursing
Public health nurses also prepare to respond
quickly during public health crises

Another role of public health nurses is

spearheading efforts toward healthy living.

Public health nurses also work on overall

specific and common health concerns within
their communities.
Public Health Nurse must work in partnership with colleagues in
managed care settings to improved community health.

Partnership may address information management, Cultural

value, health care system improvement, and the Physical role in
Health and may require complex negotiations to share data.
 HEALTH AND EVOLVING
CONCEPT, THE GOAL OF
NURSING IN THE COMMUNITY

CHAPTER 1
Prepared by:
Daryl Mae CASIRAYAN, RN
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
Discuss definitions of health
Uphold health as human rights.
Enumerate the various models of health.
Explain and give examples of the determinants of
health and diseases.
Describe how the social determinants of health impact
nursing practice in the community.
Apply One health concept as a framework to
community health nursing practice.
HEALTH: Key Concept
in Nursing Science
DEFINITION OF TERMS:

 NURSING
 is a profession aimed at helping the
population achieve better health thru
their own hands.

 HEALTH
is a shared and complex reality.
A state of complete physical, mental, and
social well being and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity.” WHO
(1958)
Definitions of terms:
 SOCIAL
Relating to living together in organized groups or similar
close aggregates.
It refers to units of people in communities who interact with
one another.

 SOCIAL HEALTH
Connotes community vitality and is a result of positive
interaction among groups within the community.
Other definition of
Health:
• The extent to which an individual or group
is able on the one hand to realize aspirations
and satisfy needs; and on the other hand , to
change or cope with the environment. Health
is therefore seen as a resource for everyday
life, not the objective of living; it is a positive
concept emphasizing social, and personal
resources, and physical capacities. (WHO,
1986)
Other Definition Of
Health
( NURSING LITERATURE )
NURSING LITERATURE

“A state of well-being in which the

person is able to use purposeful,
adaptive responses and processes
physically, mentally, emotionally,
spiritually, and socially”
(Murray, Zentner, and Yakimo,
2009, p. 53)
 NURSING LITERATURE

“Realization of human potential through goal-directed behavior,

competent self-care, and satisfying relationships with others”
(Pender, Murdaugh, and Parsons, 2011, p. 22);

“A state of a person that is characterized by soundness or wholeness

of developed human structures and of bodily and mental functioning “
(Orem, 2001).
Are interrelated and have an
impact on health.
Dunn’s (1961)
 Classic Concept of wellness:
1. Family
2. Community
3. Society
4. Environment
HEALTH AS HUMAN
RIGHT
 Universal Declaration of Human
Rights (UDHR)
 UDHR Article 25.1 declares
“Everyone has the right to a standard of living and of
his family , including food, clothing, housing, and
medical care and necessary social services”

(United Nations, UDHR, 1948)

  Right To Health In International
Human Rights Law
“Health is a fundamental human right indispensable for the exercise
of other human rights. Every human being is entitled to the
enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health conducive to
living a life in dignity. The realization of the right to health may be
pursued through numerous, complementary approaches, such as the
formulation of Health policies, or the implementation of health
programs developed by the (WHO) Or the adoption of specific legal
instruments. “
(United Nations, CESCR, 2000)
  Economic Social and Cultural
Rights
The right to health consist of:
1. Availability
2. Accessibilty
3. Acceptability
4. Quality

“2AQA”
  Philippine Constitution Art. II
Section 11 and 15
Affirms health as a fundamental human right
and recognizes the obligation of the state to
protect and promote the right to health of all
Filipinos.

Department of Health (DOH) was established.

Models of health
Cited by: Edelman and Kudzman (2018)
Models of health

1. Clinical Model

2. Role Performance Model

3. Adaptive Model

4. Eudaimonistic Model
Determinants of Health &
Disease
1.Biology
2.Behaviors
3. Social Environment
4.Physical Environment
5.Policies and Interventions
 Social Determinants of Health
“Conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age; might
also be circumstantial elements as such housing, work conditions and
access to recreational activities; circumstances that influence how an
individual will develop sickness, what risk factors they are exposed to,
how they access services, and how they utilize the appropriate services;
and is shaped by the distribution of money, power and resources at global,
national and local levels“
(CSDH, 2008).
Health in the Philippines:
A call for Nursing Action

• According to Philippine health

Statistics:
• 2015 Total Population: 100, 973, 303
• 47% increase in population from 1995-
2015.
• Morbidity and Mortality Rate was also
presented.
 Hypertension is the second leading cause of
morbidity with 601,173 cases.
 A rate 595.3 per 100,000 population.
 2015 Crude Death Rate (CDR)
 560, 605 deaths registered in 2015.
 Several years, Disease of the Heart has been
continuously the leading cause of death among
Filipinos.
Heart Diseases include:

1.Acute Rheumatic Fever

2.Chronic Rheumatic Heart Disease
3.Hypertensive Diseases
4.Ischemic Heart Disease
2015 STATISTICS MORTALITY RATE

69. 2 % PULMONARY DISEASE

(PNEUMONIA)

71.6 % CHRONIC LOWER

RESPIRATORY DISEASE

54. 1 % Attended by medical Doctor

THANK YOU FOR
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