Rawrrntds axed Ai AND BEYOND Ce eee CECE FORDWelcome to your Complete Chemistry for Cambridge Secondary 1 workbook. ‘This workbook accompanies the Student Book and includes one page of ‘questions for every two pages of the Student Book. Each question page incudes several ypes of question. ‘Some questions ask you to choose words to complete sentences. “These questions wil help you to lear and remember key facts about the topic + Other question ask you to identify statements a tru or false or put statements in the corect order Sore ofthese questions ae testing your knowledge, others are asking yout apply what you know to a new situation, ‘Tere are many questions that ask yout interpret data from investigations oF information fom other sources. When you answer ‘these questions, you wl be practising important scence ski, 3s well as preparing forthe Cambridge Checkpoint et. «Some pages include comprehension questions They ask you to read Some information, and then answer questions aout it Many ofthese ‘question wil hel you develop sks of evaluation, ‘Most pages have an extension box. Some ofthese questions wll help you to extend and develop your science sill Many othes 90 ‘beyond Cambridge Checkpoint Science They incude conten frm the Cambridge IGCSE® course. fl the extension questions are designed 0 challenge you, and make you think ard ‘This workbook has other features to help you succeed in Cambridge ‘Checkpoint and eventualy Cambridge IGCSE: «© The glossary explains the meanings of important science words ‘indudes all the bold werds inthe student book, and others. «The Cambridge Checkpoint style questions near the back ofthe book ‘are excelent practice forthe Cambridge Checkpoint tes. «©The Cambridge IGCSEstye questions show you what you ae aiming or. Give them a ty! | wish you every success in scence, and hope you enjoy the workbook tise ait dof Co aratr tsStage7 1 States of matter ua a 13 a 1s 16 17 18 ‘he parte theory of matter Boling, evaporating, and condensing Questions evidence, and explanations Melting reezing, and subliming Energy and changes of state Using particle theory to expla cdssolving Planning an investigation Presenting evidence 2 Material properties aa 23 2a 25 26 27 Introducing elements Metal elements Non-metal elements Making condlsions from data Meta alloys Material properties Polymers 3. Material changes aa 32 33 3a Acids and alkalis The pH scale and indicators Neutraisation| Planing investigations and collecting evidence 4 The Earth “The structure ofthe Earth Igneous rocks Sedimentary rocks Sedimentary rock formation Metamorphic rocks Questions, evidence, and ‘explanations Explaining predictions 10 " 2 B “ 5 16 7 8 19 20 n EUS B 4s 4s 410 an an Stage 8 soil More about sil Fossils Estimating the age ofthe Earth Human fssis 5 States of matter 5a 52 53 54 55 56 ‘he stetes of mater revisited Explaining difusion Explaining density Explaining gos pressure Ideas and evidence Doing an investigation 6 Material properties 61 62 63 64 65 66 or oa 6a 610 eit 2 613 eu 615 616 617 Atoms emer and their symbols Discovering the elements Organising the elements Interpreting data rom secondary sources Explarng ciferences between ‘metals and non-metal, ‘What ae compounds? Making a compound Narrng compounds and wing formulae rides yond suitates, ‘and cabonates Chlorides Mitures Separating mixtures ~ filtering ‘and decanting Separating mites — ‘evaporation an stilton Separating micures~ fractional distilation Separating mixtures — ‘chromatography Separaing metals from their ons 2 s 37 38 29 0 a 2 8 45 a a 4 3 82 53 55 37 se 59618 What ae you nade of? 7 Material changes ma 72 3 1A 18 Stage 9 Chemical reactions ting word equations Corrosion reactions Doing an investigation Using reactions identify chemicals 8 Material properties ay a2 83 as as a6 a7 a8 39 210 an Atomic structure Finding electrons Discovering the nuceus Protons elecrons, and the periodic table Proton number, nucleon umber, and isotopes ‘The Group elements The Group 2 elements ‘The Group 7 elements Locking at secondary data Periodic tends ow scientists wok inside sub-atomic partes 9 Energy changes 92 93 94 95 Energy changes in chemical reactions Investigating fuels Chocsing fuels Calculating fod energy Investigating endotbermic changes e249 0 n n B a“ B 6 ” 7” a 10 The reactivity series 04 Thereactns of metals with rycen 102 The eactons of metals with water 103 Thereactons of metals with acids 10.4 Thereactity series 105 Tinin thereactvy series 106 Metal displacement reactions 8 oo 10.7 Extracting metals from their res 85, 108 Writing bol equations 11) Making salts 1121 Making alts— acids and metals 112. Makin sats acids and cotbonates 1113. Making its acid and altalis 1146 Making as — friars 12. Rates of reaction 122 Rates of ection 1222 Concentation and reaction rate 123 Temperature and reaction rate 124 Surface area and reaction rate 125 Catalystsand reaction ate Practice questions ‘Exam questions Glossary a 2 3 95 96 97 98 9 100 wm 116Jefe agelezfelsafusagsls te: Th prod ble de rt ncaa oe ln.Reece 1.1 The particle theory of matter 1 Use words and phrases fom the box to complete the sentences below. Use each war ance, mare than ace, o not tal. ‘gas song” solution diferent ientical particles stats weak molecules igi iba on the spat Poe aud om place to place Alsubstances are made Wp of re In anyone sista, al he paces re A sietance can ent 5. gs. These arth te ne of mae naga te parties. There are very foes of atvacion beeen the pate na gs. 2» Draw the arrangement of parties ina substance in the solid state. esrb te behaviour ofthe parts inthe soli 23 Astudent dew the dlagram tothe right to represent the parties ina quid, Explain whats wrong with the thagram, and daw a better one in the empty bo. 4 ite the ltr of each phrase below in the coect pat of he diagram. [A Made up of identical parties. Takes the shape ofits container anno be compressed. ‘he panicles stay the same size when heated 8 c o Youcanpckit up wen itis notin contain The prides touch each other Y 6 4 1 1 ‘The partes vibrate on the spot a The particles move around from place to place. / Strong force of atraction between the particles, — Expands when heated, Imagine a pece of cake. sit a sol, qu orgs, ors it in more than onestate? Explain your decision.REtQuuige) 1.2 Boiling, evaporating, and condensing, 1 Witte Text othe statements that are true. Write F next to the statements that are false Then write corrected versions ofthe statement that are fale, {Condensation isthe change of state from liquid to ges bb When a substance condenses, ts parties get closer together ‘© When a substance changes state from qu o gas the forces of atvaction between its parties getstronge, 4 When a substance changes state from qu ogo, is particles gt further apart © When a substance condenses, the forces of attraction between is rates get weaker. Corrected versions of false statements: 2 Look at the diagrams. a = {2 Give the letter of the arow that shows condensation 'b Give the letter of the arow that shows baling or evaporation. Give the lettars ofthe two aows that show changes of state in wtch the forces of atraction betneen the parties get srongec 3 For each statement, write tck (/) inthe correct box inthe able. Thue of Tiue of [we ofboth evaporation evaporation only_| boiling only | and boing This roves change of te fama substance ns qu tte aries leave the surace ofthe lid on, Bubies fhe stance in gas stat frm thoughout he lq This cenhapoen at ry temperate Dur this change of sat he parties get further gatParing retin 1 Use the phrases fram the box below to complete the low chart. 13 Questions, evidence, and explanations check the idence ask a question test the explonation suggest an explanation 1 Teenie ae sestpiewn 2 othe table below ick (7) one box nent o each statement wo show whether the statement describes erence or whether te statements on explanation Statement dence Explanation onthe sum of Punk aya mourn, ethanol bas a 69% The cy of kaa at ea eve The geste te height bow se ea he ove the baling pent of ethanol Te start of Pncak ay i 86 m above eae There are fever prices int? ofa on the suit of Pucallpa han thar are in of iin kar nota, ethanol ols 378°C Te fener the numberof aries nT ofa the lowe te baling pet of ethanol 3 Laura measures the baling point of pure water She add salt to the water She measures the bollng temperature of the salty wate Her resus are inthe able _ Laura decides odo an lestigation base on what she has found ‘ut fac Wrte down a question that Laura could investiga Subetance orsoltion Boling temperature), pe water 100. sly water 18 bb Suggest an explanation that might answer Laura's question, base on te evidence she has already collected. «© Suggest how Laura could tes this explanation.AeVitae| 1-4 Melting, freezing, und sublining 1 Hightight the corect word or phrase in each bol pain the sentencesbelom, \When a substance melt changes state fom sll /iquid to soli / a, Dring meting, the pais ‘move into move out of a regular patter. The pares stat to vibrate onthe spot / move around. Intot the slid andi state the pares re lose t their neighbours, but do not touch / are touching ther neighbour. ‘student places a beaker oftqud water in a freezer. He records the temperature every minute. He display his data on line graph. Match labels A-C tothe parts of the graph that thoy are describing, ‘A The particles stop moving round each other. They start. vibrating onthe spot 18 The watris inthe sold state. The partes aren a egular rangement € The water isin the quid state 3 The ar chart on the right shows the meting point of sx metal 12 Name the substance inthe bar chart with the lowest titsiserisa melting point. Seton) 'bUst substances inthe bar chart inorder of increasing meting pola (hes melting point ist © Ascintist measures the meting polnt of ameta as 1050 °C. Which ofthe metals on the bar chats the metal mos ily to be? 4 The table onthe ight gives meting points and boing pont of some substances 41 Which substance shown has the highest melting point? \Which substance shown asthe highest boing point? [Stance [Meting [Boing : ae ‘i point") | point) Draw temperature scale forthe temperatures inthe = o 100 table. Make sure the divisions on your scale are equal, [ Trsulaion ound elacic cables Water dates 4 Rea the information inthe box. Then answer the questions below, Polgfutene) i polymer eis Hodbe and slighty elastic recy). Is nt damaged by big Fores itisnot damaged by detergents is fats acd, alcohols ot ht wate Orr ting itis damaged by chlorine and substances that contain chlorine. n some places, water pe are made from pobybutene) For example n Vienna, Austria, the winter months are vary cold Hot wate frm under ‘the ground travels through poly(butene) pipes to heat homes 2 Biplain why polybuten) is a suitable material for making wate pipes. In Canada, polybutene) pipes are no longer used to transport inking wate to which cori has been aed, Suggest why.NEUISEMIR I 3. Acids and alkalis 1 Inthe abe write the names of some acidic and alkaline substance: that you use at home, or that you ator drink, aide substances ‘ialve substances 2 Complete the names of tree acids and one alkali that you might us at schoo acids 3. Laboratory acids are corosive a Gicethe hazard symbol below that means corrosive SOSO 'b Uist two precautions you shoul take to reduce the isk rom thishazad and 4 Te pe chart shows estimates of the main uss of Sodium hydroxide. a Name the major use of sodium hyroxide. 5 ive the pecontage of sodum hyde that usin | ‘making soap, detergent, and textes, « Inne year about 51 millon tonnes of sodium hyde, was used vrldnide, Use data from the pe chart to help "Ey lig sn, you estimate the mas of sodium hydroxide that wos used etecing cere ‘to make soap, detergents and textes, a sees| 32 The pH scale and indicators Write Tnext tothe statements that ate true. Write F next othe statements that are false. Then write comected versions ofthe statements that are ase 2 The of neutral solution i 7. b The pH of an alkaline solution isles than 7. «The ore acidic solution, the higher its pl 4 fyou ip red litmus paper ito an alkaline solution, the paper becomesbive «You can use litmus paper to find out the pH of a solution. 4 Thehigher the pH ofa soluton, the more alkaline itis. Corrected versions of fase staternen ‘Actudent has some mus indicator She test itn some solutions ‘he writes her results the table below. Sotation colour Tystctlniencd |e som hycride [Bue lnawn soiution [ue Is the unknown solution aid or akaine? ‘Give a reason for your decision ’ student collects petals fram sx plant species Describe how be could ind out which species’ petals ‘make goo indicators in you answer, describe the stages ofthe process and explain how the student would know which specs’ petals ae suitable. 9 A teacher makes a solution by disolvng 40 g of sold sour hydroxide in wate She adds water 10 make 1000 cof solution. Tiss solution The teacher makes another solution by delving 20g of soli sodium hndroxide in water ‘Se adds water to make 1000 cm? of solution. hss solution 8 Wich isthe more concentrated ‘luton solution A or solution B? Explain your decision, bb The teacher wants to make solution that is more concentrated than soliton A. Suggest wat mass of solid sodium hydroxide she could dsolve to make 1000 cof olaton.CRA 3.3 Neutralisation 1 Use words from the box to complete the sentences below Use each word or number once, mare than once or not at all decieases 14 allele increases green 7 neutalsed ted 1 purple Som has some sodium hydroxide solution. He ads Universal Indica The colour of the mixture is This shows that sodium hydroxide solution is Som ads a ite hydrochloric acid to the sodium hydrox solution The pH sees eH adds more hydrochloric acid Eventually the solution i neutrals PHS... Te aid has the sodium hydroxide solution. Som ads even more acid The pH... The mitre fs acdc Is colours. 2 White T next to the statements that ae tue White Fnext to the statements that ar false. Write comected versions ofthe statements that are fas, {Some les are too acidic for some fish species. The lakes can be neutralised by adding acd 'bfyouhave stomach ache, her might be too much acid in your stomach, You ca take tablets to neutralise the entra acd «© Erin has an acid She adds lal tt. The pl decreases. 4 Juma has anata. He acs acid ot. The pH decreases, «ida has 500 cr of acid. She pours 200 cr nto ore empty beaker, and 30 cn? into another empty beaker. The pil ofthe 200 cof acids lower than the pH cf the 300 cr? of acid. Corrected versions of false statements: Amardey stheapaais and olin The helo 2 nd aun yoni soluons both have the same caneentaton Cie the corect results able. Then complet the graph volume of alkali (en) [ndcator colour [pH a geen z ra rd 1 z volume of aka (a?) [ndeator colour | pH 7 nd 20 be 14 volume of alkali (em [ineator exlour [ph 0 ed 1 20 ween 7 ote aa asePeery NeeGMiCenisg 3.4 Planning investigations and collecting evidence 1 Read te information nthe box, then answer the questions below ‘bay Sthool has a ponds plans and animal are dying, Students testthe wats The ponds too ‘cit The headteacher wants to neutrals the exira ac in the pond, Hedecdes to ad imestone powder to the pond He needs to know ow much to buy. He aks some students to investigate ‘The students think of questions to investigate They have tre ideas | What mas of limestone is needed to increase the water pi to 7? {What mas of lestone wil best keep te plans and animals in the pond alive? {What mas of limestone wil cover the pond bed oa depth of 10 cn? Te students decided to investigate question Explain why this question the most suitable to investigate bb The students plan to ad limestone to samples of pond water They wil st the mixture and measure the new pH The students Ist the variables inthe investigation = volume ofwaterinsample @ pl after adding limestone pl before adding limestone 1 mass limestone © speed and time of sting | Which varlable shoul the students change? Which vaiable should the students observe and measure? 1W The students decide to keep the other three variables constant. Explain why, «The students do the investigation. They calect the evidence in the table below. Mass of limestone) | pH after adding linestone 5 50. w. 55 15 56 20 70. 25 70. 30 70. | Suggest the best mass of limestone toad to the pon ifthe volume of water nthe pond were the same asthe volume of water inthe sample. Explain your decison. Ti Identify one other piece of data the stents need to collect before teling ther headteacher how much limestone to buy,4.1 The structure of the Earth 1 Label the diagram of the Earth by writing one orto words fr each abel 2 Forsentences A-F below: Wit C next the sentences that are true forthe Ears cust 1 White next othe sentnces that are rue foc the mante, © White © next tothe sentonces that are rue forthe outer core. ‘© White next to the sentences that are tue for ‘the inner core, You wll ee to write more than one letter nest to some sentences |A This part ofthe Earth ssl 1 This part ofthe Earths iui This prt ofthe Earth's made up mainly of iran and nik This part ofthe Earth can flow, This prof the Earths made up of diferent types of rock F This par ofthe Earth hss the slot thickness 3 Write down thre pices of evidence that support the idea thatthe Earth snot fat but that tis a sphere 1 2 ale Read the information nthe bo. Earthquakes send out shockwaves. Thee are two iypes of fartiquake shack waves: ‘© Pvaves, hich travel through sods and igus. © Swaveswhich travel through solids but not treugh Equi During earthquakes sciemiss use seismometers to ty to detect. Pavaves and S-naves in diferent places This hops them to id | out about the structure ofthe Earth ‘The diagram shows the centre ofan earthquake, and the beginning of paths of some shock waves from the earthquake. @ ‘Assume the waves travel in staight Ines ‘Write the eters of the places where you predict scientists would detect 1 Pavaves only 1b Saves and Paves,1 Use words from the box to complete the sentences below: Use each word ace, more then once oF not xa fad ante bass magna igneous solidifies softsedimentay gabbro non-porous limestone sandstone porous Hot quid rock scale... When this cols. toform rocks Examples ofthis type of rok are . and ype ate which meen that water doesnot soak nt them. They ae also and durable 2 Igneous rocks have a crystalline structure. Explain why ths means that water doesnot soak into mast ‘ypes of igneous rocks. 3 The drawings blow show the crystals in three igneous rock samples. ® @& samples samate2 samples (nottosele) 1 Which sample is made up ofa mixture of minerals? Explain how the drawings show this. 'b Which sample was formed from magma that cooled the most sow? Explain how you know. 4 ravelines to match each use wth the property or properties that make itsuitabe for this use. Use each property ance, more than once, o not at al. Berl eed or vod sacs —herdand able ———*Y because. Granites wad oro ors Teh rough srfce went has because. ot en polished Gabbro is sad for mang Teeanbe posed took sculptures because. soci In ancien Egypt mary statues were craved from gabbro. ots ofthese states have survived ‘thousands of years without damage Suggest wy they have survived witht damage fr so long,