VİZE

The process where economic actors that are not directly linked to the MNCs also benefit from
technology and skill transfer to the country is called

a. Positive internalization
b. Scale economies
c. Positive externalities
d. Vertical integration

Mark the correct choice for a definition of hydropolitics

a. Regulation of water use, conservation of fresh water reserves by international

politics
b. Control for the use of hydrogen in military industry.
c. Promoting the use of hydrogenation against air pollution.
d. International political framework for the control of chemical pollution.

The process by which government retreats from the economy by selling state owned
economic enterprisws is called

a. Alienation
b. Redistribution
c. Competition
d. Privatization

Which is not one of the sustainable development goals of the UN?

a. Quality Education
b. Decent Work and Economic Growth
c. Interfaith Justice
d. Gender Equality

Which is one of the reason why MNCs move to other countries?

a. Lack of natural resources

b. Strict government control
c. Cheap sources of labor
d. Regulated local markets

Which below is not one of the major arguments of dependency theory?

 a. Developing world has to apply liberal policies to develop
b. Core countries deliberately keep peripheral countries backward by transferring their
old technology to the developing world
c. Military intervention is an instrument used to keep the periphery backward
d. The system operates on unequal exchange

Which of the below is not one of the economic actors involved in IPE?

a. SCOs
b. Workers
c. SMEs
d. MNCs

The international legal framework applied for protecting copyrights, regulating patents and
monitoring industrial intellectual property rights, especially brand names is called

a. NIEO
b. TRIPs
c. GATS
d. EPZs

The scholarly approach that refuses economic determinism and seeks a more interpretive and
discursive approach that looks at culture and social identities is called

a. Post-Marxism
b. Neo- Marxism
c. Proto- Marxism
d. Pseudo- Marxism

A primitive form of mercantalism based on holding any trade surplus in the form of precious
metals is called

a. Metal trade
b. Gold standard
c. Bullionism
d. Millionism

Which IPE approach can best explain China’s ban on Youtube and Google in China and the
US ban on Huawei and ZTE products in the US?
 a. Marxism
b. Liberalism
c. Structuralism

d. Mercantilism

The system regarded as an extension of Marxist principles in a highly regulated capitalist

system is called

a. Social democracy
b. Socialism
c. Anarchism
d. Communism

A firm based in one country sets up a plant in another country, or buys an existing plant is
called

a. SEE
b. FDI
c. SME
d. NGO

The fact that women remain to be the primary providers of household services even when
they work in formal employment is called

a. Labor mobility
b. Gender mobility
c. Second shift
d. Glass ceiling

Which one is a periphery country?

a. Canada
b. India
c. US
d. Mozambique

Eklendi Which one is a semi-periphery country?

a. Canada
b. India
 c. Uganda
d. Mozambique

The approach focusing on the role of ideas, norms, values and discourses in shaping the
decision making processes as well as political preference is called

a. Constitutionalism
b. Developmentalism
c. Cosmopolitanism
d. Constructivism

Why should governments control for MNC investment in their countries?

a. MNC investment will help develop marketing networks

b. MNC competition may drive local companies out of business

c. MNCs bring in new technology for free
d. MNCs ma generate employment opportunities

Which of the below is not one of the policy areas of governments?

a. Redistribution
b. Investment
c. Divestment
d. Production

Who argued that while the state is responsible for public good, security and defense, its only
economic function is to facilitate the workings of the markets?

a. Karl Marx
b. Jeremy Bentham
c. Adam Smith
d. David Ricardo

The principle which argues that countries must specialize on production capacities they are
good at in order to have a competitive edge in international trade is called

a. Specialized production
b. Flexible specialization
 c. Comparative advantages
d. Competitive marketing

The energy market is unique because of its ………………. structure.

a. Oligarchic
b. Moopolistic
c. Pluralist
d. Oligopolistic

Which one below is a concepts introduced by Marxist analysis?

a. Protectionism
b. Class struggle
c. Hard power
d. Sovereignty

Mark the correct answer for the international regulation of MNCs.

a. The system is legally regulated by NIDL, New International Division of Labor

b. Governments will provide adequate, effective and prompt compensation for

anything they expropiate
c. In the case of a dispute, there will be no governmental involvement in the matter
d. Governments can nationalize MNC assets in their country as they see necessary

Which of the below is not one of the political function IPE covers?

a. Use of power
b. Policy making
c. Determining election system
d. Enforcement of rules and regulations

Eklendi, The lack of opportunities for upward mobility for women in the workplace, due to
unwritten rules that prevent them from moving up in the business hierarchy is
a. Glass ceiling
b. Gender mobility
c. Labor mobility
d. Patriarchy

Klasik soru:
What are the main features of developing nations? What are the development strategies
proposed by liberal economists?

FİNAL
*Opportunity cost is the alternative choice one refuses when one makes a certain type of
investment/spending decision.

*Monopoly is a small group of producers and/or dealers that have the power to manipulate
the prices and control the market supply for the sake of protecting their interest.

*Budget surplus is the situation when a country receives and/or earns more than it spends
and/or pays to other countries.

*Production of goods, services, cultural objects and values for selling in the market rather
than personal use is called market economy.

*Cooperatives are examples of solidarity economies that have democratic decision making
and voluntary membership, that center around shared economic interests of pariticipants.

*Globalization of production was organized in Fordist mode of production, in which the

production process was fragmented into smaller boxes further to be put together to make the
final product.

*The hegemonic cycle roughly from 1830 until 1945 is called Industrial Capitalism Age

*Hegemony emphasizes the role of single most powerful and rich country dominating the
whole system hence determining the rules of the game for that period.

*The technological leap that led to the rise of British hegemony was Industrial Revolution

*Countries that have huge amounts of revenue from natural resources, that provide high life
standards to citizens but are generally not democratic are Rentier States

*The most advanced level of production based on maximizing efficiency through

management, enginnering and information technology, best represented in smart factories is
called industrialization.

*When countries have balance of trade surpluses they keep their accumulated money in
public purse, which serve to be a countries savings account.

*Benign Mercantilism is when a country protects its own economy against a threatening
world economy.
*The health, poverty and gender related objectives promoted by the UN on a global scale
from 2000 to 2015 were called The Millennium Development Goals.

*The health, poverty and gender related objectives promoted by the UN on a global scale
from 2015 to 2030 were called Sustainable Development Goals for 2030.

*Structural Adjustment Programs are IMF induced economic policies that push countries
to adapt to global economy by war of free market economies, deregulation and privatization

*Outsourcing is done when a mother company delegates part of the production tasks to
another smaller and lesser known company in order to spread business risk and cut down on
costs.

*Postwar developmental model imposed on the Third World was import substitute
industrialization, later to be replaced by export oriented industrialization to integrate with
the global economy.

*When the value of any currency is not stable against other currencies and it fluctuates with
respect to market dynamics, it is called a soft currency.

*The national economic policy based on the principle of being enough on its own is called
Autarchy.

*A market stiuation where there are many buyers with only a few sellers is called oligopoly.

*Dependency theory is a theoretical approach that argues advanced capitalist countries

deliberately keep certain countries underdeveloped by way of direct and indirect military and
economic intervention.

*General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) is a WTO agreement that regulates the
trade and economic interactions in the service sector.

*The part of an economy that is not registered, that does not pay taxes and is not subject to
government regulation is informal economy.
*Hard currency is the type of Money that is widely used and generally accepted in
international markets, known to be strong and stable.

*When the government decreases the value of its currency in order to promote exports, it is
called devaluation.

*Post-Soviet economies that are trying to adjust to capitalist relations are transition
economies.
*The situation where they high levels of monetary supply in the market but limited
purchasing power is called inflation.

General Agreement on Tarriffs and Trade became official in 1978 to frame a liberal
international trade regime.

a. True
b. False 

An economy with a high- value currency will have better chances of exporting goods in
international markets.

a. True
b. False 

Dispute Settlement Panels are enforcement mechanisms used by the BW institutions to

resolve economic conflict between countries.

a. True 
b. False

Liberals argue that there is use value and exchange value embedded in each commodity. a.

True 

b. False

Increase in taxes will mean better redistribution because governments will help the poor. a.

True

b. False 

World-systems theory argues that core countries are in the core because of their cultural
norms and values.

a. True 
b. False

Adam Smith’s law of comparative advantages stateş that a free market economy will lead to
comparative development levels in the world.

a. True
 b. False  → David Ricardo

Structuralists argue that the value of a commodity is determined by the supply and demand in
the market.

a. True 
b. False

Structuralists argue that capitalist countries used economic and military power to keep their
colonies dependent and backward.

a. True 
b. False

Hot Money flows increase the fragility of an economy as they can cause financial bubbles by
exiting the economy very fast.

a. True 
b. False

Dependency theory gives priority to military and economic power of advanced capitalist
countries in explaining underdevelopment

a. True 
b. False

Volatile Exchange rate system increases predictability and stability in the international
monetary policy.

a. True
b. False 

Currency Exchange rates have no impact on trade relations.

a. True
b. False 

World-systems theory argues that there is no alternative to the capitalist world economy. a.

True 

b. False

Constructivism gives priority to military and economic power of states in explaining

economic affairs.

a. True
 b. False 

Constructivism gives priority to social norms and values in explaining the way states make
decisions.

a. True 
b. False

Neoliberalism came out as a response to the accumulation crisis of the 1970s.

a. True 
b. False

High interest rates lead to an increase FDI.

a. True 
b. False

With globalization, many developing economies have accumulated international debt due to
heavy dependency in imports and limited capacity to export.

a. True 
b. False

Post-Washington Consensus promoted further trade liberalization in order to overcome the

shortcomings of the Washington Consensus.

a. True 
b. False

There is an inverse relationship between taxation and consumption.

a. True 
b. False

Emerging markets are post-Soviet countries that have high consumption levels.

a. True 
b. False

Alexander Hamilton argued that for national security and economic independence it is
important that countries fully commit to the free market economy.

a. True
 b. False 

Ceteris paribus, increasing monetary supply by the Central Bank will cause a decline in
inflation.

a. True
b. False 

Ceteris paribus, high interest rates will lead to more consumption in the country. a.

True

b. False 

Ceteris paribus, high interest rates will contribute to savings ratio in the country.

a. True 
b. False

1. Mark the correct statement regarding currency valuation.

a. Weak currencies lead to greater equality.

b. Weak currencies are good for exports because of value of goods in the world market.

c. Strong currencies lead to greater equality.

d. Strong currencies are good for exports because of the purchasing power.

2. Which of the statements regarding FDI is correct?

a. Majority of MNC activities are concentrated in Central Asia, Africa and the Baltics.

b. FDI in LDCs make up a major portion of MNC assets.

c. Majority of FDI is invested in Industry 4.0 facilities.

d. Advanced industrialized countries are also largest recipients of FDI.

3. Why do we need a feminist approach in IPE?

a. Because there are not enough female politicians to fight for policies on gender.

b. Because women are vulnerable and need to be protected.

c. Because women cannot get to be employed in industrial jobs as men do.

d. Because gender division of labor continues irrespective of historical progress,
resulting in gender wage gap.

4. Which is not one of the social groups that suffer from global inequality?

a. Informally employed workers

b. Management employees

c. Workers in traditional sectors

d. Unpaid family labor

5. The idea that promotes a guaranteed payment for every citizen in a country irrespective of
their economic or employment status is called

a. Minimum wage
b. Pension
c. Universal basic income
d. Social security Premium

6. Which below is not one of the reasons behind the paradigmatic transformation in
political economy during 1970s?

a. Nixon’s monetary policy

b. The rise of the East Asian Tigers

c. D’étente

d. Oil crisis

7. Which below is not one of the international monetary regimes in history?

a. Currency exchange rate system

b. Volatile exchange rate system

c. Gold standard period

d. Fixed exchange rate system

8. Postwar American economic policy focused on

a. Redistributive justice

b. Sustainable development
c. International trade

d. Income equality

9. Postwar developmental model imposed on the Third World was

……………………………., later to be replaced by …………………. to integrate with
the golobal economy.

a. export substitute nationalization / import generating growth

b. import substitute industrialization / export oriented industrialization

c. industrial nationaliztion / global modification

d. structural adjustment program / modernization theory

10. Which of the statements regarding FDI is not correct?

a. Majority of MNC activities are concentrated in Central Asia, Africa and the
Baltics.

b. The distribution of FDI in the world is highly uneven.

c. Greater part of MNC assets remain in home countries, share of FDI in MNC assets is
less.

d. Advanced industrialized countries are also the largest recipients of FDI.

11. Which is not one of the ways in which soccer contributes to global inequality?

a. Free mobility of anywhere in the world

c. Corporate structure and marketization of teams

d. Increasing returns as players get more and more valuable

d. Keeping players from LDCs out of the market

12.Which is one of the advantage of the Gold Standard?

a. Gold standard provides stability and predictability in the system

b. The value of paper money is not related to gold, therefore is determined freely

c. Governments have no role or control on financial markets

d. International trade is easier to conduct with gold than with paper Money
13. ………………. argued that self-regulating market is an illusion, because when left to
its own devices markets generate crisis and socio-economic problems that make regulation
inevitable.

a. Marx

b. Polanyi
c. Acemoğlu

d. Piketty

14. Football represents global inequality because

a. All the national leagues are of equal importance globally

b. Free mobility of players and capital investment in clubs create a football market

c. National teams are composed an the basis of ethnicity

d. Black players earn less than White players

15. According to Milanovic, which is not one of tho processes that has an impact on
global inequality?

a. Social Dynamics

b. Natural resources

c. Economic performance

d. Power relations

16. Which one below is not one of the basic assumptions of constructivisim?

a. Conflict and cooperation are products of value and beliefs.

b. Economy determines everything about the society and the state.

c. Ideas, values, norms and identities are socially constructed.

d. Ideas and values are social forces that are as important as military or the economy.

17. The international trade principle that states ‘’imported goods be treated the same as
domestically produced goods and that imports from one nation could not be given
preference over those from another’’ is called

a. non-alignment
b. non-discrimination

c. non-participation

d. non-intervention

18. Which is not associated with Marxist perspective?

a. Public good

b. False consciousness

c. Exploitation

d. Labor-value

19. Which below is not an institution under BW system?

a. IBRD

b. IMF

c. WB

d. WTO

20. Which is not one of the major problems associated with global inequality?

a. Public spending

b. Social inequalities on race, gender and ethnicity

c. Rise of organized crime

d. Migration and refugee problems

21. Why do MNCs choose to invest in new countries?

a. To benefit from new technology in these countries

b. Political motivation to invade a country

c. Locational advantages regarding access to resources and markets

d. As part of corporate social responsibility

22. Which is an emerging market?

a. Venezuela
b. Malaysia

c. Israel

d. Iran

22. Which one below is one of the strategy goals of a structuralist economic policy?

a. Egalitarian income distribution

b. Deregulated market economy

c. Competitive trade

d. Profit maximization

23. In discussing global inequality, …………………………… refers to inequality

between countries and ……………….. refers to that within countries.

a. Spatial inequality/ Class inequality

b. Class inequality/ geographic inequality

c. Poverty/ Polarization

d. Geographic inequality/ Poverty

24. Rational choice theory argues that

a. Individuals tend to minimize conflict

b. Individuals tend to maximize choice

c. Individuals tend to avoid work

d. Individuals tend to maximize profit

25. Which historical event marked the initial attempt of developing countries to mobilize
towards development?

a. Uruguay Round

b. Kennedy Round

c. Bandung Conference

d. Porto Allegre Summit

26. The unwritten rules of the business world that women from upward mobility are called

a. Male dominance
 b. Concrete wall

c. Glass ceiling

d. Patriarchy

27. Which one below is a characteristic of developing nations?

a. Efficient bureaucracies

b. Large middle class

c. Strong governments

d. Low litecracy rates

28. Which is not an emerging economy?

a. Indonesia

b. Malaysia

c. India

d. Israel

Eklendiler 🔽

1. Institutionalists focus on:

a. How people construct their own reality

b. WTO, IMF and World Bank
c. Self-interested actors maximizing their utility
d. How rules and regulations shape actors’ behavior

2. The efficient use of natural resources, the intergenerational preservation of life on the planet,
minimizing environmental costs such as pollution, environmental degradation, and misuse of
resources is called

a. Sustainable development
b. Uneven development
c. Manageable development
d. Industrial development

3. What does ‘’democratization of the market’’ mean?

a. Decision making in corporations will be done by voting.

 b. Corporate management will be subject to parliamentary auditing.
c. Workers will form parties and compete against management.
d. A more inclusive market framework will be built to benefit not only the elite but also the
masses.

4. Why does Unger refer to ‘’a war economy without a war’’ in his alternative political economy
approach?

a. Because wars are too costly and each country has to specialize in arms production just in
case.
b. Because you never know when a war comes to your country.
c. Because national competition in a global economy requires high savings, low consumption
and use of savings for investment.
d. Because a war economy generates massive earnings for certain economic sectors.

5. The rise in overall prices and weakening of a currency and decline in purchasing power is called

a. Poverty
b. Inflation
c. Speculation
d. Crisis

6. Which one below is NOT an example of social and solidarity economics that develop as a response
to global inequality and cross of liberal capitalism?

a. Cooperatives
b. Consumer collectives
c. Employee share owned businesses
d. State collectivization

7. What is wrong with the environmental Kuznets curve?

a. The curve only applies to countries with high-tech industries.

b. There is a time lapse between industrialization and environmental change.
c. Kuznets has a statical error regarding environmental change.
d. The curve only applies to western industrialized countries.

8. Which one is not the part of cultural political economy framework?

a. Regarding cultural studies as a totality contributing political economy analysis

b. Focus on the discursive and material mechanisms of political economy approach
c. Examining common sense economic imaginaries and actually existing struggles
d. Defining the boundaries of political economy as a discipline
9. The dominant mode of production in the global economy that is responsive to market shifts and
divides the production process into smaller components, in the form of intermediary goods to be
assembled later is called

a. Flexible specializations
b. Outsourcing
c. Interactive organization
d. Special integration

10. Which below is not a major argument of the World Systems Approach?

The system is based on an equal exchange mechanism between countries.

11. The process by which opposing economic forces clash and lead to a crisis which in turn will
generate a sudden social change is called

Dialectical Process

12. What kind of opportunuties for efficiency do MNCs seek when they relocate to a foreign
country?

Good infrastructure

All of the choices

Availability of cheap labor

Low taxation

13. Which of those below is a policy disregarded by Washington Consensus and promoted by Post-
Washington Consensus?

Transparency rule of law and good governance practices.

14. Which concept not a part of Marxist analysis in IPE?

False competition