SOIL MECHANICSuncenolidatia rates, |} Said pasted proauced by dvcamtapatinn d romke, svoidspuce Lu fanticles emaywrtalir 2X0» tual s both. 5} ssc a raaniic waits = EI Scipovticle may sentain ong @ soil emchanies~ Termgivennby Terzagit! 91925, fairey o{soitmeamanics > Tereqghi [ AspeeTerzaqht :- soilrmecvianics —> =| SA pplication of Lavo of mechanics and hydrantics to engineering Problems. dealing coil Sedi mente | and othet uncensoliddted acomulation of solid — Pattids Prerduced Ly mmectnnical {comical — integution of vou Mega cAless of wheinty ovnst | contain am adenixtine of oxpinic ceshwrtt- Le eiiaiiatada es Geneval Definshonel soil mechanics. a mecranits deals with action d fowes onc wail Me Place of aatie sf IB scibergineering - appliel ciewte. ang with application of & principle ofsci) memnarics os so pasieh, "probe 4h indudes sth invedigation -design y coashwiens Foundation , eaytn rercisting Styucheres « Se (] Geotermnica eegincerivg 5 indudec> i (Csoheuginneering -+exkergnecring 6 -¢0(057) | Geenetimns Geolech engineering Used gy neny mautly | eitn sil sagineesin - @ mai vtdaposit Kevlogicad ale for (ocimation A svil cacaiheniag (oocicapeace) —— Vonspardetien | “ depasthon ia) bp apr DN srt + Expened wok ave eroded 4 deyrodsd by various prysta) £ chemical process . + The pacctuct of evasion ave picicd ty dycacien of Heanspoctation Cutie 5 wind) and deposttid +o nea lacetion. ———s Residual Soil Tracy Cseaimenterygoil) 7 Fr Loken Ane Sov if Ane coil stous iste ipa at ts place of its at aplace-ai badation gust fremine place ot datovetne paerttrotk. Henetuint TAL: Lecidualecil— hac ban. Engineesi nf PrePer Arontansposit Aster teemcposting Agony (soll classification) 3 wong sdepesid by viver ear Sion) seonsist of Aldernats layer at © Alluvial deposit Ib aca sdepositia by Hill casley like taven. alapositid + deporited by $2q wih (eons on on) *ontain Inge tenor of of + Loco cheer sength , highly Cornice, + found amainly confined aleng Laut wmaring clay | Mere belt Mak thu cust —ai0ts diyaity | Couthau aath ob sui)"hem Dhet ” winsparel gy deta | Gx [Sart dames] : Goin transports sl) i Soil v . Be _lores «quid blown aged unborn th gyedation pcelativey tewlore = i * formed in avid & semiarid wegian- purlines f finedo maim sand « locodencity «High compeessibill + le eeeent oeatheeed volcanic. ash stewatocaring caperily Lei + ype of clay having +> of enn bi . iti, in the vew'ieal— ” nae igh plashiceloy Broan & Bage + High wate absorbent + Trarepostu_by ice. ies i ~ di donate “volt [Rapes] send temnvnd | JED | Soman lage ants of dem cations For dspasits made by glad soil snob Airey o¢ indivectly. lo divkdowon 3 exganicamor plats eavtnak ~~ | Homus | top soil + consish of partly dec ExT: onshertified epost vegetal enatlay= mule by melting of glaci i one HE Fox ergibering wore Calo tnown aS Bouter tly) @ toa | Sard +sil¥ clay O save + deposit onder action of geaw'y ‘nen + coherent coll_of_mtvine, O2N2 Aaposit “| Sgyeeniich olay Ex collovial Sil Ccuinas Tal pf ______—. avi Se coves Tale) Bei |cowginic coil raving Fibrous assreata OF macroscopic £ micasepic paride * Formed from vegetal matter im @xcess— Some otmer Soils 3- —— moishive sucnas in: Oelace | rvesidusd auposits formed from + Mish compressible «not H4 Fowfourtalion ‘con | _Gasalt 4 trap works« ew | +mixhne of Fine soil pasticl: and + frued m large part of cartral Dntia Wighly decorpased organic maattin avda portion of souin trdia « + osganic. maltin is Ww aavancestage of - decornpositfon « + has High plastialty peas _ + anu contain _montrnorionit: minerals |() yep | Firegrain sil eyectia From volcamas during . {e hushshvinkage 4 Wish seoding > As expeeton ard dupositid Wy wind /codlry i ole | ighormpacs! oH vAapesit omncict of Alleenai twin layer . shear stwengin—> lod varvelclay| Gb silt and day» + bow Yocaring Capety —ee . + inguin sail ve underrample. * Wesurt cof Aupasition in lake, dusvin + formed by Leading Porod of Alernat. Wigh £lococudiy « latesiesoi | (eernoal of Baces 4 silica and Dyas | Wie clay pure fosm acunmbstion oF 0A oxits_& Pri oth 2 AMeroS¥Moxide Caley Pl ateri¥ic coi feved orpinkcoter aoa Mavdniny & cloy auteto Meat & prawn -Soil writer relabgship « [Beate | « looseness oxdensmeccof Gare gyansol ae once | conaet ly aa Sarl wmit phase | [yey a = Atagram J aawcit( | focemme-<_ Vay = ti x a Sy ereay-Pain Veray-venin eontiut as ip 4 Aansencstal Sheavetaongn of —_— Dele udley Content insoit vepresen ser gital! hy vavigientir Laypillanyetr + a an ee eThis anby canbe Yernsued on. swshen pati ahronge- in cane a 1] ig exc ody + aeraaying except chructura) watiy Cr G inaebtté Taavato [Je= e a” AS catcatation expesicnertally by eidvalio \J@ =) |e#e “wdo |[ ero ™ Caconing coe geo font) st Vg eonslant nen Lee |e more used. Taken patticl arrcanget vg ea ; moheaal ave) Porosity = Pevcontage & Alive ——| Siw s- [ree day Soil ic taken |** orice | unitotafediac + Oeabedah unin Me C4 fed ie ai of ne w w: wh oritket of wali Yu We en a 3 = Adrey unit ost |) ~ Wary me ” eer ws—Cn2 94) Calva Se Lienaent 5 at ‘s Jrnit Ackevminstion “Spas, | SpeiFegavityohsold { explained inshvintaglinit Aterminstin wi late. Pic Po (oye Jabso see RE rie | enasespeiicgiavth [m= Vio sev oF or nt = yo ‘tong mae | Appore” weet wi Sno ganic Solids Q@= seers i fn orpyic » Ge batold Samp 4-208 Stone GSe deolet_ Setrenierto 6 strato yk, {Tere ne Boven- |. standard latoralesy meo4 poe Aovsien balance. aying metod | * t#kes 24 xs approx: + Infenred ~cabiation Usd for vying oh | gives acnvycte veuvtt __ quia mena) -_ ail © daying ard weighing done iembarely ca Saal neti: suitfor soils which fatigmenponent | 82° Quickly -vealssore moishive attasdning faypum = ® eadiotn | exkemly usefol in Getaway rpetned Aaterminatin — * Roaiaactive oohepes used © pyeno | euced cohen speciFiegravitya} solid on) nets | tc enocons + Lose of evenay of arnbofcotuxpreed @ Aland nettod poof (fasty a fe 1] oN Ti + suit fae enestonlest soil [: = waty contauk determined indirectly From preccure of acetylene gac Forme | + Thaument Used —> moistarvem eter lg + 2HO=——= ht Halon, + xapia Test gui (s-3min) + nok Vey accrue + used ednere electric oven no} aviilolle = Soll sample putin eantainey & id by placing it ina sand bath, whic ic hasta on Kevesenestore- squick. Test in field - * alltobo) prix —sto increase. evaporation) a + mot usd fs organic wil é comaih cat chom Genpord = Prsper sheilding Precaution taken «Detzemination of Butke wiki t(Y) + Determination Of Sule velhweenThY) o fi Katie | evolome of excauarta ett is Mand | Obtained by covering hole colin plastic Sect and filled coite ewan © seegyectinnttaranreml arrestee Dkoaiation | ravine meine ® suomerged | mascaensiy method @ Cve- LL] cereadtterGony (W etoancent) matted | Ck 7 4 WZ crecutles +501] = W2. forceinesn Sol) | y= _w_=wo-w) ____ — VV toooem3 (veloraco| Sal) + tokesample to get watircontenKs) + Ya = Yeute/ Leu © um Sa TE Pong Shale seplacemen Ejnm + excavati aves veered Lnssmuttr = excavetd Soil Sarmple Cos wat & | 777 (w) taxen, y Gravellysoil) |S hatein sacatatevatrd cyliilir anically ov. aiming cand Sand (canesiontess | Ver xravdis aven fit i Fttawity soil) Youn =, Y4= You % te © Siprema| Wet Rem Si Meed | + cample wot = Wi (fev rehesdh ecample Wt +pava Fintuax=W2- 5 : aoa o ‘Sr wkof wae WoW # Mow pul Cample fa caatey Fil Letcanttnny Vasatir = Vary +-Veoil Veodtig [Mie 4.vtoit Youw Maori Wa. uit Samat + Mell, yer _Sndrrpraperies of sat) Fused Fey saentifieation of é2il Inen fes— Cassi€ieation f il + Shane properties induce indices heh alin Adreenini, engineering bebaviowk « { sheergin p load raving oferty osurlling > shying. etrument : =ndt:- Grain Shape — |_ poy inca clacsiFiation af Bulky grain &dene on emis of [tna proper coaxcegyain i a velatiur Auasile : Syain soil. ineace of sana gaavel_| Sulky grain Gobmierosepic cry | Plaky gain F day miner sphericity (S) sy diag epuivalent cpPafeat Pavtidlestza 7 Qraince » _—————— | conway iv pardtaslarlyUee ia fore Aeedieshape sean Partidu(De)Particle size analycis |qsav Sixe annlysis OF mechanical analysis ee ai aim —> AN £ | Geri, aw deticeine gradation £ nifocerity ssc | trea hei reas Otay $12 erat yorkckelzeamalysic Bille (Gthar firesave (- ainentinesare. less) more . + for emesive, granviavsoil | Grain Size distatootion Cuyve 3- Oot oto ‘oveo} inceeasingsizn > well graded Soil :. all size of partis Presonk> (gradation tujve —smeotn ) poortyfonifexmly geadsd coarse cil i Fine soil ore! at Parti abs bo eo ee ot irdivats > typeof sil ar i Gage Fae wal gous | i off -of- uni fosrri Ro Dye “GP velee =_Dac® DéexDlol india, ugredetion exit ef cuneatc or Galb-ch gradation i fod gradicteoil | | beeonian ration A70+2mm —> rurovterne Produced idhrequivaent Samat Limitation of Stoke's Lavo. z Ie pe ste ean ® stoves wo Apoviahleto sphere falling freely sithouk ary fevenat in an infinite Liquid makivn {neual Wirdvance £ depth of gay limited} G@ Ati ave ceil grein may not Mave seme i. Creseuer avg-value iS considirad vignt) Pretveatenent gost teeatment Crovernave_organic | +40 awia( oa) ommpourt_ B cation asypenh) $ecerganic > W292. apening agent Condi Osetiom aids Fer alain Nad sodiom oxtabe +s ue tensa Ceosgend Se ae10) — Pipette method ‘getead “bat for pastict size anaiis Bragtoin wil * Nowy accuratt + require constivt. balan 8 IAG per ce of Suspension is didsmninsl _Aivedly yy calucting soc of cil suspension feces depin He CFD suspension | sor dispersingagen L, original’ Sodidtoddsh in suspen He _ vk = Gatod? a2? 194 dae agi @hyhomneir metnod_> 3 tat af salads present at a indirectly Wy vending the densi Sil sasrension- Hytsomdar > Lnshunert used for detrei epics ot Vu « sastne speiitic gsavi of oil suspension Aupends 1 pastich GRE rug yori Cane used for portica Sie anaugis why, ule wih, ylomet bal ny ee G Calo atid a Ges =1 + Ru _| Stilssgensien Tooo | Spetiftc. gen ———— wertechoa tw Ryadromedy Reling + x ugdsomay cxrecton — [always (VE Cr marteing on stern hevesse doonwarh) OTempesata te toncechin, dao metir Calinatca at ate = Genel Trae, Te2FO gy es guspencian lighter Zales) we aduacal Feeding coil be. tess tan contventey_¥ odins wae gy Saetnark SH EE Th Aa, s Audition of agent Fost camnple nse: —— Anvinrense in specific SMS f susprsen- x nen [ea seoresonyssistency mitt :-Cmainl for¢lay) yee woatiy content , Horo esinenange inaatiy content consivency of Sil cranges) } Lon sidenyy :. vepyesert ine velative ease ait chin soil can be dePormal . cuatiy contre ) LequiALintit QS) + min esatir content at chien soll Mag dendercy to Foca —> Ui 1 dirt act + alll colle at Lig, tim . Mea rehvengin = Be Casnicn toneghigit) iq: tieni detiyrmiaation Cusagrandes Tes) Zonejencteahion * meine © casagrande Tal: # wor f Laagmasit—> airdvied sommpls « mix edly wd gmake uniforn paste sal puk in capyande apparating are goow ot Samm siax (s ot se no of blas whi is vequired ky dase, Bem grove evel yuldee pad is nota « Sine sadtir lontink_ateshinn a ous elses the ype — qe bite cop SVE oh That: Floes Indexvepers waty coment atcoWin Ane soll Stop sevinking foemer and attains & eqncrant Vole mex -cactiy, eanent_ ak orin furinervaidio in cwoatiy content doesnot cance veauction inane volume of coil Sartpl- flank ateshih Soil lougst Cin) codtiy © ; ‘efully catny std ines Sal at Shviclge se-0sr a & nesail does Not ic entive ne void of sol. Belo srvinkagetinit | vermin satarabADetimmation of Shvinkaye anit = volume change in éoila ove Shrinbaye. Shrinkage] Lirik expeeccal ac tho dry soil por F Ratiog, F jin eth vt vy unit Orange yale shvinkase vasty Gi a) way a IIe | Is o wr oviginal Sil at ‘) sell i er ° —— nas Spedfic = : it ant dy chats - Mia Vex We 5 Vs orva —o Knew ay Sov ” 7 per phates + rene Of eenciclency Lndex within ohiicn soil c= Wis (op Lenaves, asplesic matiial+ at chy ind inte ws arn Way Cinkeirmgof wiyi ys) ssp sed te freee, My ws) — (yaa) Yoo claymine Gun 2) week im Ts yw) -(y-va Yo o Shrinkagelnit we LF Tecoplackic [ssi FF madumplaste na TE [ van plastic, Shrinkage Vieni Test — tegetpelFiape riots lec plastic soil easy*o xh soil So! 0) —— de ence vied in embantment = aWe =_Ws , - Yo eye fr ny a feo. Snvineage [wp 0S indy if specific gravity & Enon (4) —> con gistengy We= Ww = (va-Vs fo of indey. ws Ge) or Relative ws [ees Pes [EST pe] 5 We ree volo ebay Vie 00 Toughness |] Te = Ip Srvinkage- Proper sf coil due to whieh ese of Sheay shreagin al tir on) remoting Can be Agana if lef unaictirh for some tinte+ Gnearcheenstn of doy omen Ahan condition) Fiscuves ‘Skern| — Dees during Suoling 4 arsintage $C 5p dashaionf classi fication foi i Inactive. rar | wml | io al gil, so sil A—B | AB egret cf diswuv bane ogheievel “| iL Wo=We | {p= fp on vermmlding os expreserd Lpl> Spt] wey sep as sensitivity We Wp wl iereate | decreases by -sheaugthy “ daere t feaseh, Recematiy Aaetases ine \ > Peoatiy coment shoud we came, — “fo tse. this Fesrm\y gprs anati:- Sgi > shff coy hroving crane £ mag epBe Tent fie 1- visual eyamination 2- dilaterey Test ( Reaction to sharing) 3- towgnness ( covisisheney New plasiic limit) 4. ay shevgih Cerushing vesisknne) S— owgmnic content 4 color 6 oes (acit-rest » shine Test) at Examinahon + rofl = Paybeley Bomm Yenmved esol £7 50H visible —> coarse grainscil (rat img) K sot visible —s Fineg yainsoil A= DitatencyTect (xeackion toshuring) Reaction > Apreomnce ? disappename of foatiy SiN shaxing £ squeezing. B= trughness. Ccensiclencyneay plastictimit) + toughness —> vesicancetormould ing at placiic 9 Pain reste 4 [ree owganic cay] 35 mranplastic sit | sexibit_veey wear Can vit vole Fee! atplasic Sesto fen obra, Ae diy sheng Comueni TF ay pat easily prvwdeved | Woeo dry chet | if fingve yequired ena PMO} prader wt at oll Wight Silty fine sant [ tow aayeternan Brganic SIME | udu » © ompnic. content f olor :- [sos | [aarketor . i" iy { = indi cation dPreserve. Foxjanic mattir of Coda at Arcornpoa et ‘omjanic rnattir ) al Anis odour canwe notced aFtis healing ee _ ‘snine Test] —— * F [Tent fre presence oft "eek ee C2) Preserre if soil with Nigh ay + Performa steal y ashes | rene sty Feorlion tndicana thee | * emp hae / Stet may be due SUisith moist oa with Calcivm Cad| ‘allan 8 Cernanling ago vatlur Arancobaidal dott | Foriiesitace ‘uign flactic) clayoe Soil etaesifiebion 1s Unified soil classifialion systim (Ses) (agmmtt) + mainly far aivti af Retry modified For fouriation dam » ee) Peat! nd soil te Wihly cyan cd condaine a large Mo. ef J- omandpartids of decomposed vepeabirn neu {41s kephinseparats cattgory ——> teat (P+) Rete: TS soil classification —o modified version nats Gu (eu gvadudgavayl SC 3 GA. fn “OAASITO casi Flaten Syd ( Gaanignaanens Sw (woollgaed Sam) (C6e<3 476 otrudegp ctgscification Basis. i | Off Finer 712-1 tSmm= Pasticle size Prakkvtgandlysis Se —— @ savt 6) Geipse ‘Sell caithin group diviud onto a Seve up nsed on Gap = xc Sot silb(ray Soe weg) Gm MIC Inca sme MC Spca-y. Ge Crm MpyF} Sor c>mM rprqy. Neavst whole noe 2 Gr —> if any terme inforerviais ve S>make tt Zero Calewtedion ace ‘| @PrBoer =a pathy z777x) Ba YE | Swsm cesen es Tow in usce fir in . oe < tishetenpeol al HN TS Finrgrain fe dit iwi oo medium “° eran clay | sit Sand | Gavel | able | eovideh £24 12-75 |350—4:95 |4aas—go | 60-30 | 7Boom a tom [ATE ™ Thesvanscit | Coarse graina4 soit Qo 35m hunt Fine sand — Fo —o-42smm few SANG ee (uy Medi = —Odas- 2 mm toto es ware — 2 eTtiner cemmpresitit, Yosaum —* 5% CH) otthehen sheet (Awe _ Siicasheet Aluminiensheet * Oxysenatan +4. CPlaasat +ip) wo hydro ion > 6 Clacad at 4p) ae Ongenanb in mineral Baltic sighted ty other Ssomorphais svichntion <- meat ion of one Hind snot: Quartz (sand partic ave male of Quarta) Ligand is a tease speanclar matial in which most Geman component of sand is inte. form of Quartz. *uarte fs ord iain in wie € & doesnot @ aativits © size Cgrainerza) eugene — Reem é aay sieengh @ mrine ad Thickness © tp Ceragrgnsd Metallic ion of Anweyvalue (but same prysial Sie, _~ minerals aolinite onina clay, (iy Jered 2 1Sitica sheet +4 Gilsitishett wie | Chetty Youstons vuphagen Bo) wt BA sas ei he yrrogen 3 St ‘oH 0-2) FB) clermentslonee * coat cannot easily etir tus she, unit ark canna Caiue culling here actiNiioh taolinik mineval is Tleast- scommerigfoond in / Seumebay sil wegidual Gil old deposit. Higneveatineved Si cotngeod 4yainase- Dit > Qcticasheet +1 Gibsibssheet ilo: re Co, aa sweat Bed 4 mi lure ue to ister Qadlang | Tras eax avonge nw Ex. Black cttenssily Bentoriitiseil (toeatreraavolanic a Tmonimoriovit: Fas loge spede surfae, ammongct clay mineral + + minis fond [Fonic bond (ict bral) eQiite nas substantial amount & Lsomorphes sutshtutin Coit —> Alt) (eit * Pes ye Lacasheine Sof ay Exe stiftcley > ne clay mineral of Kadlinise SouP* | Seen (ER est uni have separ hy ec nee nerairr died ney may convert 40 kai rite es 2 Kaolinite oveused fax making Ofnawne adil, clay isalio usedas an Snestinal Absovbort in antidiaehoral mnediciveGeomelsical_avvangement of cil faatide in soll mags » ~Sarerall, sil she is ielucncal ky iw aaveguainsil single | + inconesioness sit Ceord-guvel) eran *fortides contact by Gnaviialional fone + under shock & vilration eran Tite cettemeat ag nese geh acnsitied From ume stat + Gee marbles Filad in Cox + @ + in Rne sand (4s4-0-yrane) silt (x=! ate sfortich Wal ty mutual atrvedion due. soo ye do cenesion but fry Aorit possess — rae Placki day» ® Plocallatia shudae vet aT ee | eparticdas mort ortest Polah te — + Sails in Hortty Combsty~ in Loowestale cumter chock & vibowrtion she-callapses, and show Javge defor mations + in cy sol sathndive fone Ceipeiocte) i L Bh anoichne aanieat estoong Caan vesick extmal forte beoue of shiny lord due to abhradion Yaspartidess ae msensitive fovibbahon +loud compressa etagn permeability, + Hish shan sheagne Tin clay anak havebeen Wesdortd [removal + Repuleivefevce C Faceto free) ee ori loos shaarcvengn + Jocopermneabil . fudsh Compress fs fo ty [foenejwanel satin Coa nseppains’ Par OF es ComsagraindpaidPALe csith which watr can Plocs any mation ea eof Permeable © fe caicuuth Semement f shudive (WU =Cumvy¥es) Or Colculaty Yield ofevell Q=2.avgt Lycans) © Seapagetymroughet below carn lain ui © K vefuived in design of fithy Cusedto prevent piping i in ty draulic St. Amd Subgrade Avainage cat of consolidation ot comprescible Sail) Typical values ot & vey important Psaleding Peccreaia \ip Dymo site [rao Gustto FZ) (wate @ Alea of vesosity £ wimp —— a inunits) (H alfented mace yg viscesiy Yan OOKE Tey lbecaite Uritkaot of uty dorcviok eo large range obtemps Vag hay 2 eT © shapedt earbite [eek Ke | ea foresomeveid voto Sanger? SYM pavicle © owen [Emerson 7 ae @ fect dLempanies mudir :- “Ffoceinmmabia) chou pail, “hemct ~eedde= effestive voids hone (KY @ Fest of effeciveshess [x4 =et > Mt cl KCemisee) | Dvainage chavedbestic Gravel zl Pervious GD effect ot absoried catcaph dag rinwvalsntact Sand 1— lo-3 Pepuious © effet of Gail Fabovic silt Tod — orb GLightly Perviows, Kio Tmpervious conch neod ality Test eines peveala ty ISSN irs Pe ccarsegrainsail 5 Look deqrer ss ate ein *eensionthand maintained &= KIA KA Vatiab: heed Permenbiliy Test / Falling heed Cher Fintsiils 5 10-3 wt omg) Undichorbspetimen Tested + syibothond Te aaate a= Pipe ace A> taemeret Las caraplateag™ Find nd Capillaytt, perenenbilt Test CFowpenitiall satuetr coil) :~ XPM _ 2M hy the) Corset wd call ba oH : Xpved _ on Ce hey Gapitry ned days m on? Tomato ( ene) [vy Ki eon Netty [F Vertical ow C¢= constant) =|ky= __H LM pdt Fnikv L__* asoda $ we ee al chess. 7a ee page Deessuve.«. exryug yy wae nea AE a Conysic) Pavametry ) Friction avap vey Mercure by Pressure cold avcangment” wv x {Bee Aolalsheer = eat Ma Force onplane x- for : > 4x9 of cic of soil mass. sHrag fone | Supage Tove alagpeds nse 5 “Seapuge Presouks Re = izes lato meth ell —— Spetific Seepage fone = Ceagapforie __ iw J_J____ volume lerst~ Serpap treccuves fore.» specific sexpas fore Alaaays acts in ditetiin of Haid /SeLree- ‘ 2Mowz] + iz¥e | eb hective Slee Coed Mace nt above planuxt, ges onaplane withina soil mase ban fore Peconit avea of soil mags— Msmitted in normal direction acras aplne. *Feak and ieee Eheative stegs = agua. [> cane) gents é mn Tevenshi or" eff-cvecs = Bayanbastolecill + Seepye for peryertatafcai|-+ Serer” Rorewaatir Preccnte Cheat pesca) i avn Pressure of cade Bling ‘Mevoid Space ble Salid— Parkiles . tnupael Frou cnditien Quiae- Sand conditioo, Leiping [seit Bailing (ae arautin cenit y which exish in 43} canesicaless ed (onlin Find cand y coarsesilt notin Clay, sgravel y cartesian TThacts onali Sides of particles bt doesnot — Cauce pasticles to press apainse adjacent — Particles « usthen vertical ebfective chesc beernes oFerO + to avoidquicie coma cndihen c elfedion snees= {hen Baget at shal = opanacetp fore Hoate prumt Quitennd onuition : ane watiy table at cite before. © Gy iacesing Me Seen: © by incecasivg ne vrwart Fceolengm sek if waatay toble’S rove Ga level ae eo se dwetochanp in depth oP wali thee call be. nocnarye io ‘effective groves. Pcoil as ong as Me Position oF eattirtable. emnalat ctovetneguiievel. by Proving Crect PE . i i ionse 4» inc yale ¥ jeve], ————= sed] | © aaaitinal excayationste 40 increase, pe ee Ate whorls sere -Seepage :. process in which Lig - teaks Hough a porous mediom Grom Wok Weod 40 towed low Had. Problem Aue to Seepage ® Loss of watiy fom veservoir D Reauaion ineffective ot of-soil G@) ptt pressuve genevitd @ Piping Saituve- Laplace 4—% of 2p Poca :. kon + ry BPH 20 —> Molicbericail ae > For Scorepi Soil + BAH 4 BH oo oz Dy? x —t <—— reams > # Frow tines | quigcecblire{ insiobericsl} > Powpatn or # Space bfun 2adyecert Frocalines Folocroet athe Faure Formed in Fiownek Yo 2 Fiowtines and adyacertt cquipokatiat adyacort “Tine i calla _flowo ld «aii fiaw Fields ave elernent ates (vine of A sar 4: Op posits sit ef ae eB c sneer + dischage Iregh each flocs channel s_cogtent > . Snape) 24" { soundry cso + Ploca metuill not drone if "K? orange - if ead toss dueving How charged. + Plow nub is unique for _agiven_bounday andifion if Coontyy caditin dotnd Orange NE cal est Nd crane + Flew muh cau be chase Hf extaut of fica ischompel ep Se-disonarge fs unda Ried isn Aen HHydraudic need awcrore) Mp—sme-of Fewcrannel Mf = Goh ow Hines — 1) MA or so af equicokatal Arop Nd = (ote of aquipetusial vines— NY, = Shape Facey @& vpurr pressure clataton - Eooageregics) sysiedde, Tadd ecatinotia(oeb) © Porecottarsre Heagwernest-Aeprevent piping —» proleive file | vert Bit Hy, « Topmast Free line chiar fellas the fettr of base parable Os) biter Zs Bs) sei je Ft isa Sheamline - 4g Lotite Y 20 QOsdeoit < Ose) ene go (se) sei) Noaded ity —> -wedunce pipry Lic cancsh at. grated sar gravel « fn foie rate the downward fore olin incceacing Hu upranrd Beepage Forcescern go.di dain _femportive effort: measure f meranicl onersy commcion Testantancous | Aim dayentont Srpberto sell mse Process |__ Phenomenon __ dL & campattive enexsy per unavolome = Nene W ote Sil aluesys partially | Soil-s Fully cabaavatna € Satuy 155 light compaction Test & = ne we tz, gna 81) X0310 Aeveificakion —+ due. | volomereduchion is —> —Twerxtet to veduction in volume. \ aite te expulsion ot. = Of air-vetde at a | poreustr fem vos, = Seentrin SS he 5 ag compan Test 6 o>92.98 i> Sven coatiy content prac. compadion ental dal OCOuNS CT Tecmique required — | account of static. ord Placed on EHs0i0) : e ~ he WAV Lian Li (tho compaction — Stementcany) | = Be atv age ensenage XP abrengnt atilage ain) ve ve load bearing capac Reet ving capacity 1 ; go vnnecivable volone charge 4 om, oY tess (84 Frost action, swelling scvinkase) é 2 _____— wpa Ya Cena ayo = GY ; : Compaction of cohetionless scibf Byvibvation Vr y+ 8 | relfivecornpstin = =¢crayfiard—[ Tosti: Viqui faction may occuse in ose Sard, max. | Tat cuitta Dis persedshes compaction, eomecive Sail(clay) 2] Application ot a [es™ mapitinn » pbeceeet ey | oe ProtovTest. Before Shavtiny compan infieh coe much Fnoco Compaction dha adurstc of sof Day ef optimem | y Trudi] Frocuutia $Y: © Tis Testsives idan of omaacion tweed ater | Ceandom) wil rp ey tts, | coatir @® Stgives tne density tnat mute aariaved inkitle [eficiery Rexeneanit ® Provides tne moicture vange drat alters for , tin + Comnpactive effenrt te achieve veguled deni corapesob altos Wess — less a igh sleet | | Shendaed prodey Tes} +- modified pretax Tat | Scoiting = ee Ss vigAcommpadicon Brey cornpdior Tat | straccas | 4 —[onvinege | tess — vdomee | S42 [000 ce] 942ce /toooee —s ey | AZ / 1000 wee | Bae wai Ra asi -oncflayert 3 s oye. a atauicrnatns ) = highaladic Pos. lr ~ 7g a as = ‘tere high) perloyee} Heong Fee eh [Blo moe | ASF-2mf acy em 7% AHS | >. Gig] O39 oa, [ae aay \new eos