Allegro: ACS712 Fully Integrated, Hall Effect-Based Linear Current Sensor with 2.1 kVRMS Voltage Isolation and a Low-Resistance Current Conductor Features and Benefits + Low-noise analog signal path + Device bandwidth is set via the new FILTER pin + Sys output ese time in response to step inpot curent + RO Kile bandwidth ‘Tota output error 1.5% at Ty= 25°C + Small footprint, low-profile SOICS package 2 m&@ intemal conductor resistance + 2.1 RVs minimum isolation voltage 50V, single supply operation + 650 185 mV/A output sensitivity Output voltage proportional to AC or DC currents + Factory-trimmed for accuracy Extremely stable output offset voltage + Nearly zero magnetic hysteresis Ratiometricoutpot from supply voltage fom pins 1-4 to pins 5-8 Package: 8 Lead SOIC (suffix LC) Agpoximae sate OF Description The Allegro® ACS712 provides economical and precise solutions for AC or DC current sensing in industrial, commercial, and communications systems. The device package allows for easy implementation by the customer, Typical applications include motor control, load detection and ‘management, switched-made power supplies, and overcurrent fault protection, ‘The device consists of @ precise, low-offse, linear Hall sensor circuit with a copper conduction path located near the surface ofthe die, Applied current flowing through this copper conduction path generates a magnetic field which is sensed by the integrated Hall IC and converted into a proportional voltage, Device accuracy is optimized through the close proximity of the magnetic signal to the Hall transducer. A precise, proportional voltage is provided by the low-offset, chopper-stabilized BICMOS Hall 1C, which is programmed for accuracy after packaging, The output of the device has a positive slope (Viouno) ‘when an increasing current flows though the primary copper conduction path (from pins 1 and 2, to pins 3 and 4), which isthe path used for current sensing. The intemal resistance of this conductive path is 1.2 mO typical, providing low power Continued on the next page Typical Application ‘Application 1. The ACS712 outputs an analog signal, Your that vais linearly wih the un= orb primary sensed curont, Ip, within the range spect ‘drectional AC or DC o, 's recommended for noise management, with values that depend on pplication. KESTIZOS, Rev 7ACS712 Fully Integrated, Hall Effect-Based Linear Current Sensor with 2.1 KVRMS Voltage Isolation and a Low-Resistance Current Conductor Description (continued) loss. The thickness of the copper conductor allows survival of the device at up to 5 overcurrent conditions, The terminals of the conductive path are electrically isolated from the sensor leads (pins 5 through 8). This allows the ACS712 eurrent sensor to be used in applications requiring electrical isolation without the use ‘of opto-isolators or other costly isolation techniques. Selection Guide ‘The ACS712is provided inasmall, surface mount SOIC8 package. ‘The leadframe is plated with 100% matte tn, which is compatible ‘with standard lead (Pb) free printed circuit board assembly processes. Internally, the deviceis Pb-free, except for flip-chip high-temperature Pb-based solder balls, currently exempt from RoHIS. The device is fully calibrated prior to shipment from the factory. 1h Optimized Range, lp | Sensitivity, Sens Part Number Packing* o rine yo cua [ACST12ELCTR-OSB-T | Tape and reel, 3000 piscesirel “Ao io 85 Fa 185 [ACSTI2ELCTR-20AT | Tape and roe, 3000 ploesireel 40 to 85 20 100 [ACSTI2ELCTR-30A-T | Tape and ree, 3000 piscesirel 401085 230 6 Contact lego for aditonal packing opto. Absolute Maximum Ratings Characteristic ‘Symbol Notes Rating | Units ‘Supply Vohage 8 v Reverse Supply Vatage Vace a] v Output Votage Voour 8 v Reverse Output Votage Yiwu ot v Pins 4 and 6-6; 60 He 1 minute, 25°C z00 | Reinorced folaton Votoge Vico | Votageapateg to eadrame (pt pins), ba 8 Voge appl oleate (pr pn), based tee Veo Pins tot and 5-6; 60 He, 1 minute, Ta=25°C 1500 |v Basic lsolaton Voltage Visors) | Voltage apolied to leadtrame (p+ pins), bas or [Voge appa eadtame (rps), based 354 Vou ‘Output Curent Source Toso) 3 mA ‘Output Curent Sink T tours 10 | mA ‘Overcurrent Transient Tolerance Ip t pulse, 100 m5 100 A Nominal Operating Ambient Temp T__| Range oe | _*O Maximum Junefon Temperature Tmax) 185 °c ‘Storage Temperature i" 5.0170 | °C Parameter Specification ‘CANICSA-C22.2 No. 60950-1-03 Fire and Electric Shock UL 60950-1:2003 EN 60950-1:2001 ‘Meas wasapaone 2 Allegro Se wsonusnACS712 Fully Integrated, Hall Effect-Based Linear Current Sensor with 2.1 KVRMS Voltage Isolation and a Low-Resistance Current Conductor Functional Block Diagram Pin-out Diagram eo fm vee we ED vour a fren a low Terminal List Table Number Name Description ‘Vand? IPs | Terminal for curert being sensed; fused internally Sands P. Terminals for current boing sensed, fused internally 5 GND__| Signal ground terminal 6 FILTER | Terminal for external capactor that sets bandwidth 7 VOUT | Analog output signal e VEG | Device power supply terminal “Hee Wassyaane he 3ACS712 Fully Integrated, Hall Effect-Based Linear Current Sensor with 2.1 KVRMS Voltage Isolation and a Low-Resistance Current Conductor COMMON OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS! over full range of Ts, r= 1 nF, and Veo V, unless otherwise species Characteristic | Symbol ‘Test Conditions [min. | Typ. | Max] Units ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS: Supply Votage Ves 4s [$0 [ss [Vv Supply Current Tec [Vee = 50, output open 70 [8 Output Capacitance Load Gicay_ [VIOUT to GND =p = [10 [Output Resisve Load Ricno | VIOUT te GND wpe Primary Conductor Resistance | Remnnay [a= 25°C 12 mit Rise Time §__[ip= inlay), Te= 25°C, Coyr= open = pos [=e Frequency Bandwth T_|-368, Th= 25°C: Ips T0A peak fo-paak =e Nontnearty Ein [Over fal range of as Symmetry Eo [Over fullrange ofp a Zero Curent Output Voltage | Viouria) [Bidirectional p= 0A, T,= 25°C - [Mey - fv Power-on Time yo [OMBuLISaENES BO of lead-in evel T)=28'C, 20Apresanl| 4g | Magnets Couping= @ GR intemal Fiter Resistance? | Reap 7 [a ‘Device may be operated at higher prmary current I@vels, I and ambient, Ta, and intemal leadame temperatures, Tq, proviged thal the Maximum Junction Temperature, Tmax), Is not exceeded, 2G #01 mT. Ry fo7ms an RC cuit via the FILTER pin COMMON THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS? Min [ Typ. [ Max [Unis ‘Operating Internal Leadirame Temperature | Ta [ETange 40 | C Vauue_| Unis TaneionTe-Lead Thermal Resistance? | Req_[Mountod on the Alegio ASEK 712 evaluation boara 5 [cw Mounted on the Alegre 85-0322 evaluation board, includes the power con sumed by the board "Adaivonal thermal information & avaliable on the Allegro website ‘Tye Allegro evaluation board has 1500 mm? of 2 e2. copper on each side, connected to pins 1 and 2, and ta pine 3 and 4, wih thermal vias connect Ing the layers. Performance values ncude the power consumed by the PC. Further details on the board are avallabie from the Frequent Asked {Questions document an our websia. Further information about board design and thermal performance also can be found in te Applications Informa- tion secton of this datasheet. Junction-to-Ambient Thermal Resistance | Raia za | cow “Hee Wassyaane he 4 Allegro: ee ccouvsnACS712 Fully Integrated, Hall Effect-Based Linear Current Sensor with 2.1 KVRMS Voltage Isolation and a Low-Resistance Current Conductor x05B PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS 7,= 20°C 185°C! C,= and Vox = 5 unless otherwise spectied Characteristic ‘Symbol Test Conditions: Min. | Typ. | Max [Units pinizes Aesuracy Range i = > - ps x Sensitivity Sens [Over fulrange oflp a= 256 Teo | 7a5_| 780 [ava Noise Vaosnn[PeSkso-Den T= 25°C. 185 nVA programmed Senay 2 |. mv Zero Curent Ouput Sk 4 = =| mre sre Current Output Slope leur) [T= 25°C to 150°C mC Sensitivity Si sens [A= Ocoee = =} mine ivy Slope Th=2SC Te 150°C RATAPC Total Output Ear? Err |p s5A T= 25 = = % is not exceeved, Percentage ofl with lp= § A. Output filered Xx20A PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS 1, V.uniess abenvise specfed ‘Device may be operated at higher prmary curent levels, Ip and ambient Temperaures, Ta, provided thatthe Maximum Junction Tempera, Tray, Characteristic ‘Symbol ‘Test Conaltions Min. | Typ. [ Max [Units [Opiimzed Rewiracy Range Te 2 2 x Sensitivity Sons [Over fulrange ofp T= 256 96 | 100 [10s | mvia Peakto-peak, T= 25°C, 100 nVIA programmed Sensiiviy, Noise rossi | cp'=47 nF, Cour = open, 2 kHz bandwidth - ad Taz 40°C 10 25°C a4 mi Zero Curent Output Siope | leur, (Current Output Sloe Th 25°C to 160°C = [aor |= mvre Senaty Sope asens [TAT AOC SC oom aVIAFC 42 25°C to 160°C = [=0008 | =F mare otal Output Eror? Frat [lp 220A, Th= 25°C = pas [ % ‘Devieo may be operated at highor primary curent levels, a and ambient Tomparares, Ta, provided at the Maximum Junction Temperate, T.{max), is not excveded Percentage of wit Ip= 20, Output tered x30A PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS 7,=~10°C 0 85'C!, Cp = 1 nF and Voc = SV, uness others spociiod Characteristic ‘Symbol Test Conditions: Min | Wp. [| Max [Units ‘Oplimized Aceuracy Range b =30 | -_|_30 a ‘Sensiviy Sens Over fllrange aflp, T= 25 Ee Noise v, Peakto:peak, Ta = 25°C, 66 mVIA pragranmed Sonsini, 7 mv wows" cx = 47 nF Cour = open, 2 kHz bandwcth y= AUC 19 25°C a Zoro Curent Outpasope | Sloune) P= aeroig T6ONE Sep are Satay Sope goon [a= AOC 025. 0.007 TVIAPC Ta 25°C wo 150°C =~ [=0002 |= mviarc Total Ouipak roe Fror [b= 230A, T= 256 HS % Device may be operated al Higher primary curent levels, Is and ambient orsperalures, Tq, prowded thal the Maximum Junction Temparatire, Ty(max), isnot excouded Percentage of ln with lp = 30. Output fired Allegro: “Hee Wassyaane he 5ACS712 Fully Integrated, Hall Effect-Based Linear Current Sensor with 2.1 kKVRMS Voltage Isolation and a Low-Resistance Current Conductor Characteristic Performance jp=5A,unless otherwise spectieg ‘Mean Supply Current versus Ambient Temperature SA neo Magnetic Offset versus Ambient Temperature a3 333 Mean Total Output or versus Ambient Temperate " mace ‘Output Voltage versus Sensed Current jj cele ; : nea 2 (A Output Voltage versus Ambient Tamperature asx Tata} a, . J im | neo Stree Sy tn pe Nonlinearity versus Ambient Temperature zo Jas] mace Sensitivity versus Ambient Temperature fosy Sonsitvity vorsus Sensod Current pee i A Output Voltage Curent versus Ambion! Temperature rare) Seto °ACS712 Fully Integrated, Hall Effect-Based Linear Current Sensor with 2.1 kKVRMS Voltage Isolation and a Low-Resistance Current Conductor Characteristic Performance Ip=20A, unless otherwise speciied ‘Mean Supply Current versus Ambient Temperature a zl pe ve} tate) Magnetic Oeat versus Ambient Temperature =| ates nat) Mean Total Output Error vorsus Ambient Temperature Front) 400 Output Voltage versus Sonsod Current ‘Supply Curent versus Supply Vokage 100 ers) Lrers¥] vec Nonlinearily versus Ambiont Temperature ‘Sensitivity versus Ambient Temperature z : rarer Sonsivily versus Sonsod Current i Egg Z I ‘ceao 2A Output Votoge vores Ambion Tmporatir ‘A output Vatoge Curent vrs Amba Temperate pet | 2 [ieee or 7ACS712 Fully Integrated, Hall Effect-Based Linear Current Sensor with 2.1 KVRMS Voltage Isolation and a Low-Resistance Current Conductor Characteristic Performance Ip=30A, unless otherwise speciied ‘Mean Supply Curent versus Ambient Temperate Supply Curent versus Supply Volage i ot Fe} hve i 5 80 Pe "4 ) vow Magnetic Ofset versus Ambient Temperature Nonlinearity versus Ambien! Temperature at — zou F a| [ier oa) seco nee) nea Mean Total Quip Evor versus Ambient Temperature Senstivty versus Ambient Temperature z= ps i vere vere Cutput Votage versus Sensod Curent Sansitviy versus Sensod Curent on cA Ou Vetge vere Anton! Tampere oA ouput Vetage Curent ver Anion Temperate is = 2 [ee Ig ry Seto .ACS712 Fully Integrated, Hall Effect-Based Linear Current Sensor with 2.1 KVRMS Voltage Isolation and a Low-Resistance Current Conductor Detinit ions of Accuracy Characteristics ‘Sensitivity (Sens). The change in sensor output in response to a 1A change through the primary conductor. The sensitivity is the product of the magnetic circuit sensitivity (G/A) and the linear IC amplifier gain (mV/G). The linear IC amplifier gain is pro- ‘grammed at the factory to optimize the sensitivity (mV/A) for the full-scale current of the deviee. Noise (Voysp)- The product ofthe linear IC amplifier gain (VG) andthe noise Moor forthe Allegro Hall effet near TC G). The noise floor is derived from the thermal and shot noise observed in Hall elements. Dividing the noise (rmV) by the sensitivity (mV/A) provides the smallest current thatthe device is able to resolve Linearity (E,.1y)- The degree to which the voltage output from the sensor vaties in direct proportion to the primary current through its full-scale amplitude. Nonlinearity in the output can be attributed to the saturation of the flux concentrator approaching the full-scale current. The following equation is used to derive the linearity: 100 | Fscale amperes Movna) 1! U7 2our Foor fttcae ampere =the output voltage (V) when the sensed current approximates full-scale +p ‘Symmetry (Esyyp- The degree to which the absolute voltage ‘output from the sensor varies in proportion to either a positive ‘or negative full-scale primary current. The following formula is used to derive symmetry our + fulscale amperes Howe) Froxmiay Frou full-scale amperes | Quiescent output voltage (Vjouriq)- The output of the sensor when the primary current is zer0. For a unipolar supply voltage, itnominally remains at Voc/2. Thus, Veo = 5 V translates into Viowriqy = 2:5 V: Variation in Viogrryq) can be attributed to the resolution of the Allegro linear IC quiescent voltage trim and thermal drift Blectrical offset voltage (Voy). The deviation ofthe device out- put from its ideal quiescent valve of Vce/ 2 duc to nonmagnetic causes. To conver this voliage to amperes, divide by the device sensitivity, Sens Accuracy (Ey). The accuracy represents the maximum devia- tion of the actual output from is ideal value. This is also known, as the total ouput error, ‘The accuracy is illustrated graphically in the output voltage versus current chart at right, ‘Accuracy is divided into four areas *# OA.at 25°C, Accuracy of sensing zero current flow at 25°C, without the effects of temperature + OA over A temperature. Accuracy of sensing zero current flow including temperature effects + Full-scale current at 25°C. Accuracy of sensing the full-scale current at 25°C, without the effects of temperature + Full-scale current over A temperature. Accuracy of sensing full. scale current flow including temperature effets, Ratiometry. The ratiometric feature means that its A output, Viourggy (nominally equal to Voc!2) and sensitivity, Sens, are proportional to its supply vollage, Voc. The following, formula is used to derive the ratiometric change in 0A output voltage, AMiouriqrar ("4 { Fioungvee 00 Sg) Vee 8V } ‘The ratiometric change in sensitivity, ASenspr (%), is defined as: | Sensvoc 100 Senssy | Output Voltage versus Sensed Current Accuracy at 0A and at Full-Scale Current see, “Hee Wassyaane he 3Fully Integrated, Hall Effect-Based Linear Current Sensor with 2.1 kKVRMS Voltage Isolation and a Low-Resistance Current Conductor ACS712 Definitions of Dynamic Response Characteristics Power-On Time (tpg). When the supply is ramped to its operat- ing voltage, the device requires a finite time to power its internal components before responding to an input magnetic field Power-On Time, tpo « voltage to settle within £10% of its steady state value under an applied magnetic field, after the power supply has reached its, ‘minimum specified operating voltage, Vc(min), as shown in the chart at right. [Rise time ({,). The time interval between a) when the sensor reaches 10% of its full seale value, and b) when it reaches 90% ofits full scale value, The rise time to a step response is used to derive the bandwidth of the current sensor, in which f(-3 dB) = 0.35/1, Both t, and trsponst ate detrimentally affected by eddy ‘current losses observed in the conductive IC ground plane. defined as the time it takes for the output lysine at which power suly reaches nimi specicd operating votage 1 ime at eich output vekage setles rin 10% of tea sate aie Unde an apples magnete fea etme ° Powe cn Tir ss Ea tC >. rr) Output (mv) coh 000 ppp gene ara ar Copan ISA Bxcitation Signal cm) aay con oie) 70ACS712 Fully Integrated, Hall Effect-Based Linear Current Sensor with 2.1 KVRMS Voltage Isolation and a Low-Resistance Current Conductor Chopper Stabilization Technique Chopper Stabilization is an innovative circuit technique that is used to minimize the offset voltage of a Hall element and an asso- ciated on-chip amplifier, Allegro patented a Chopper Stabiliza- ‘on technique that nearly eliminates Hall IC output drift induced by temperature or package stress effects. This offset reduction technique is based on a signal modulation-demodulation process. Modulation is used to separate the undesired de offset signal from the magnetically induced signal in the frequency domain, Then, using a low-pass filter, the modulated de offset is suppressed while the magnetically induced signal passes through the filter. Regulator As a result ofthis chopper stabilization approach, the output voltage from the Hall IC is desensitized to the effects of tempera- tore and mechanical stress. This technique produces devices that have an extremely stable Electrical Offset Voltage, are immune to ‘thermal stress, and have precise recoverability afler temperature cycling. ‘This technique is made possible through the use of a BiCMOS ‘process that allows the use of low-offset and low-noise amplifiers in combination with high-density logic integration and sample ‘and hold circuit. ClockiLogie |] Low Filter ttf rat cement! AS AS. 1 + >So x amp a3 1 t +E SEs 1 ' 1 ol. ' T L 1 wl. r I 4 Concept of Chopper Stabilzation Technique Allegro “Hee Wassyaane he 1ACS712 Fully Integrated, Hall Effect-Based Linear Current Sensor with 2.1 KVRMS Voltage Isolation and a Low-Resistance Current Conductor Typical Applications ‘pplication 3, This configuration increases gain to 610 mVIA (lasted using the ACS712ELC-05A). Application 4. Rectified Output 3.3 sealing and retficaton application Application 6. 10. Overcurrent Fault Latch. Fault threshold sot by Rt and forAto-D converters. Replaces current transformer soutons with simpler R2. This cru latches an overcurrent faut an holds unt the 8 V ral is [ACS creutt 18a function ofthe oad resistance anditerng desited. powered down, Ri can bo omited Ite full range Is ested, sae Fe 2ACS712 Fully Integrated, Hall Effect-Based Linear Current Sensor with 2.1 KVRMS Voltage Isolation and a Low-Resistance Current Conductor Improving Sensing System Accuracy Using the FILTER Pin In low-frequency sensing applications, it is often advantageous to add a simple RC filter to the output ofthe sensor. Such a low pass filter improves the signal-to-noise ratio, and therefore the resolution, of the sensor output signal. However, the addition of an RC filter tothe output ofa sensor IC can result in undesirable sensor output attenuation — even for de signals, Signal attenuation, AVgrr, i a result ofthe resistive divider elfect between the resistanee ofthe extemal iter, Ry (see Application 6), and the input impedance and resistance ofthe customer interface circuit, Ryyrecs The transfer function ofthis resistive divider i given by: (_Rivtec_) Ware = Foot] FR (iF ) Even if Ry and Rye are designed to match the two individual resistance values will mos likely drift by diferent amounts over Application 6. When a low pass fits constructed external to a standard Hall effect device, a resistive vider may exist between the fitr resistor, Re and the resistance of the customer inferface circu, Rr ‘This resistive civicer wil cause excessive atenvation, 1s given by the transfer function fr Vary. Application 7. Using the FILTER pin provided on the ACS712 eliminates the ftienuaton affects ofthe resistor divider between Ry and Ric, sn0Wn in APB caton 6, temperature. Therefore, signal atenuation will vary as a function ‘of temperature, Note tht, in many eases, the input impedance, Ryyrec: ofa typical analog-to-digital converter (ADC) can be as, low a8 10 k0. The ACS712 contains an internal resistor, a FIL RR pin connec tion tothe printed circuit board, and an internal buffer amplifier. With this circuit architecture, users can implement a simp! RC filter via the addition of a capacitor, Cz (see Application 7) from the FILTER pin to ground. The busfer amplifier inside of. the ACS712 (located after the internal resistor and FILTER pin connection) climinates the attenuation caused by the resistive divider effect described in the equation for AV. Therefore, the ACS712 device is ideal for use in high-accuracy applications that cannot afford the signal attenuation associated with the use ofan external RC low-pass filter sae Fe 73ACS712 Fully Integrated, Hall Effect-Based Linear Current Sensor with 2.1 KVRMS Voltage Isolation and a Low-Resistance Current Conductor Package LC, 8-pin SOIC renner eae ase Package Branding Fass B ‘Two alternative patterns are used qi a fa gq fa ACS | Alege Curent Sonsor ‘ROS | Alogr Gurront Sensor 712 | Devoe family number 7:2 | Device famiy aumber | incicator of 100% mate tn eaatame laing | | pcgrypr |__T | neato of 700% mate th ieadtrame plating acsriat | —R | Operating ambient temperature range code | | “CS/127 || Operating ambient femperatue range code icepp | Lc | Package ype designator SAPP | Lc | package type designator vwwwa |_ Pep _| prmary sensed cent ep _| Primary sensed curent YY | Date code: Calendar year (last two digits) ww Lut | Lot code wiv | Date code: Calendar week YY — [Date code: Calendar year (ant wo digs) ‘A__| Datecode: sit code ww _| Datecode: Calendar week Copyright ©2006, 2007, Allegro MicroSystems, Ine. ‘The products described herein are maamfaerured under one of more ofthe following US, patents: 5,045,920; 5,264,783; 5,442,283; 5,389,889; 5,581,179; 5,517,112: 5,619,137; 5,621,319; 5,650,719; 5,686,894; 5,694,038; 5,729,130; 5,917,320; and other patents pending ‘Allegro MicroSystems, Ine. reserves the right to make, from time to time, such departures ftom) the detail specifications as may'be required to per snit improvements in the performance, reliability, or marufactrability of ts product. Before placing an order, the user is eaiBoned to verify thatthe information being relied ypon is eurent ‘Allegros products are not o be used in life support devices or systems, if failure of an Allegro product can reasonably be expected to cause the Te information included herein is believed tobe accurate and reliable. However, Allegro MicroSystems, Inc assumes no responsibil nor for any infhingement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. For the latest version ofthis document, visit our website: ‘wwwallegromicro.com sae Fe 74