1- Celiac disease

a. Positive anti-endomysial antibodies or positive IgA antibodies to tissue

transglutaminase
b. Biopsy will reveal intraepithelial lymphocytic infiltration, crypt hyperplasia and
VILLOUS ATROPHY.
c.

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a.

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a. Causes loss/deactivation of APC

b. Causes deactivation of P53
c. Causes activation of K-RAS
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a.

b. Caused by NSAIDs
c. Chronic atrophic gastritis
d. Autoimmune gastritis
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a. Aka Urea Breath Test

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 a. Belching: Excess gas in the stomach or upper intestine released from the
mouth, also known as burping or belching.
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a. Definitive diagnosis is technetium-99m pertechnetate scan

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a. Squamous cell carcinoma – Alcohol and smoking – arises proximal thoracic

esophagus.
b. Adenocarcinoma – GERD and Barret esophagus – arises in gastroesophageal
junction
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a.

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a. Macronodular cirrhosis is a common finding on liver bopsy.

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a. Aka Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma (HNPCC)

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a. Low serum chloride and low serum potassium

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a.

b.

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a. Disorders of esophageal motility “pain while swallowing.”

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a. Dubin-Johnson – Normal urinary coproporphyrin I – Dark Liver

b. Roto syndrome – very high urinary coproporphyrin I
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a.

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a.

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a. Anti-smooth muscle antibodies

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a.

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a. Acute cryptitis, crypt abscess, basal plasmacytosis, crypt distortion.

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