w) RAJAT = TECHNICAL MANUAL FOR VI CHARACTERISTICS OF SCR Manufactured by : PREMIER TRAD 'G CORPORATIONHUME THADING CORPORA HON VICHARACTERISTICS OF SCR ACCESSOMIES Demonstration honrd with following facilities + 1 (0) hrolated 0-230 DC variable source ~ 1 Set (b) Isolated 0-12 V DC variable source ~1 Set (©) External Load ~2 Nos, () SCR TYN-612 2, Multimeter 3. Lamp 15 Watt 230 V ~2 Nos. 4, Patel Cords. 5. Demonstration Board Cover. INTRODUCTION SCR (Silicon Controlled Rectifier) since the semiconductor used is SILICON, Henge this name SCR is the oldest member of thyristor family which one most widely used for power switching device, Since this device exhibits SWITCHING property and having large power handling capacity makes it useful in power modulation large power handling capacity makes it useful in power modulation and control. Due to such feature this device is used for power control in following applications :- () Speed controllers for AC & DC Motors, (i) Temperature and tMumination Controllers, (ii) AC & DC Circuit Breakers. (iv) Variable frequency DC-AC Inverters, (%) Variable voltage DC-DC Convener. (vi) Variable voltage AC-DC Converter, To study Forward Characteristics 0-230 V isolated anode supply is given and 2 sets of 0-12 V regulated and variable is given for gate supply. To study reverse characteristics isolated 0-600 V DC variable supply is piven,PREMIER TRADING CORPORATION THEORY SCR is a four-layer device wi ne ‘layer device with three terminals namely the ANODE (A). CATHODE (©). GATE G), as shown in fig ~ (a), When the Anode (A) is made pect Are a le (A) is made pos respect 10 Cathode (K) refer fig ~ 1(b) junction 1 is reverse biased and only the leakage current will flow through device, At this stage SCR is said to be in OFF STATE of FROWARD BLOCKING STATE. When the Cathode is made position with respect to Anode junction 1) ls are reverse biased and a small reverse leakage current will flow through the SCR. Thi the REVERSE BLOCKING STATE of the device Ply, N GATE b P wi] oK ‘CATHODE FIG: 4(a) FIG: 4(b) junction J is reverse-biased and only the leakage current will flow through the device. The SCR is then said to be in the forward blocking state or off-state. When the cathode is made positive with respect to the anode, junctions J; and Js are reverse-biased and a small reverse leakage current will flow through the SCR. This is the reverse blocking state of the device. ge is increased, the reverse-biased junction J: will break When the anode-to-cathode volta down due to the large voltage gradient across the depletion layers. This is the avalanche breakdown. Since the other junctions Jy and Js are forward-biased, there will be free earrier movement across all three junctions, resulting in a large anode-to-cathode forward current ly. The voltage drop Vr across the device will be the ohmic drop in the four layers, and the device is then said to be in the conducting state or on-state, Fig ~2 shows the characteristics of by the extemal impedance. If the anode-to- an SCR. In the on-state, the current is li cathode voltage is now reduced, since the original depletion layer and the reverse-biased 2ON PREMIER TRADING CORPORATIO su due to the free movernent of eres, the device will continue to junction J: 9 Toneer © "cure fls below te level ofthe hong current fh, the depletion he forward curren : : Se va develop around J due tothe reduced numberof carters, and the device region wil begin pecking sate Similarly, when the SCR is switched on, the resulting forward will go to the block he ‘has to be more than the latching current 1. Th ae earier flow across the junctions; otherwise, the device will return to the ed amount of cartier Now 3 is necessary for maintaini requir ' blocking state as son asthe anode-to-eathode voltage is reduced. tle] | Forward conduction ~~ (on state) Am Latching current Holding current Reverse leakage current Forward Forward leakage peveteee blocking current blocking Veo=Forward breakover voltage Ver=Reverse breakover voltage Ig= Gate current + VI Characteristics of SCR Latching Current In forward bias just before the fi ing, the an current, 18, the anode current flows known as latching Once the SCR got fired and ‘urrent is, ot fi its 9 ate current js SCR can stand fire form. 1 the anode es to that minimum value, the SCR ie anode current goes to that mini he that minimum e rent is called holding current, oe at zero than the minimum current, ThePIREMIIEIC ERADING CORPORATION. Break Over Voltage The voltage neross the anode & cathode at which the SCR got fire is called break over voltage and this voltage will vary by varying of gate current, ‘These experiments will perform to study of SCR :- Con lucting of SCR with flying gate pulses. 2. Forward eharaet jes at different gate current. 3. Reverse characteristics, Forward Blocking Characteristics 1. Make connections as per diagram “A’ with patch cords. 2. This characteristics of SCR is drawn at Ig = 0 i. gate signal is not applied. 3. For this setup the multimeter range is chosen as indicated. 4. Switch on the supply and gradually vary the supply through variae starting from 10V to maximum of 220V. 5. Meaning the corresponding Iax for varkaes setting of Vax. 6. Plot the graph between Iax & Vax. for forward directions, Observ: Atlg=0CORPORATION sewre TRADING CORPORAT re ‘Fomya characteris wih gat ial ake connections as per diagram ‘B’. rorward) is drawn at various of SCR (F ‘The characterist meter range is chosen as indicated, 1 2 3, Forthis setup the multi «switch on the supply and Keep variaes in minimum pos gate also in minimum position. 5. Gradually inrease the gate curent by variable DC supply Of 12V and Stay taking readings from gate current of 1.5 mA. 6 Increase the anode to catjode voltage and observe whether SCR stents conducting which is indicating by sudden drops of voltage across SCR, 7. Inerease the gate current to another higher value sat 2 mA. 8. Repeat step No 6 again. Between gate current setting 3mA to 4mA reading should be taken in steps of 9. 0.1 mA and corresponding breaking voltage of SCR may be noted. vent No 3 n State (Latching/Holding Current (4) Forward Con (@) Make connection as per diagram «¢PRUNE TRADING CORPORATION @ © ‘Table "2": Atta = 4.25 mA SNe vi; For Latching Current 0 ai () wo wi) Keep the voltage of both the source at minimum value ‘Change the voltage range of multimeter atNos & Anode to Cathode to 750V DC range and variable Resistance in load circuit to same value. Increase the voltage of ares to 200V. Increase the gate current to 4.5 mA i.e. that value of gate current around which the voltage across Vix will eame down to Zero. Note down the lag and remove supply ftom gate terminal and absence that whether Iax and drop down to almost zero if yes increase Tax by varying resistance in anode circuit from variable resistance pot and absence whether gx drops to zero with removing of gate supply 1am value of La. for which Lax Repeat for higher values of lax locate the mi dies not drops down to zero, On removal of gate signal. This anode current is recorded as Latehing current. For Holding Current 0 Gi ii) ww o wi) Increase the In to value of around 4 mA. Keep the system running at this setting for 2 minutes Remove the gate supply. Reduce the value of Tax by increasing variable resistance pot Observe the value of current at which Ine suddenly drops to zero, “This vale of Inx should be recorded as Holding Current.1p TRADING C sorPORATION 4 Reverse Blocking Characted sties. Table 2" : Atl s jagram ‘D" with patch cords. veins ce the ato (made +VE and Anode is made Ve while te Make connections as per dt gate supply is Zero. For this setup the multimeter range is set aS indicated. Siitch ON the suply and gradually vary the variaes SUppIY standing fq 10V to 230V (Maximum) with reverse biasing. Measure the corresponding Vax (Negative) and Tax (Negat ive). Plot the graph between Vax & Inx for reverse direction. Amp Vax (Negative Tax (Negative) Ne 1 2 3 4 3 6 7 8 9 PRECAUTI Thi % SCR always use with load lamp, ‘The load tam "€ more than 15 watt 250 Volts, ; lamp should not be more than 15 watt 250 " everse characteristics the lamp load should the : 7 ‘onnection of W° ies the ah lamp load should the series c — 'n reverse characteristics observations SCR should no: characteristics he : servation oe ‘more than five seconds, ™DPRUMILR TRADING CORPORATION SOILSIMSLOVEVHS IAapn ORNATE parr 1 ° Yds 4O SOILSIMSLOVEWHO IA °GON NOMLOAGNOD CUVMUOT > — DT ° O Yos JO pe SOILSINSLOVYVHO IA 10PREMIERE TRADING CORFORAON SOMLSIAALIVAVHD ONDIOOTE ASUAATA © = OTT ssnrov 3001704 ° ssnray 2014 ° ° - O ° -_ eras oo Sot ee oe ) wos JO ~ SOILSINSLOVUVHO IA