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Culture Documents
MARCH 2011
FISHERIES Marron
FACT SHEET
Magnificent marron
Marron are the largest freshwater crayfish in Western Australia – and the
third largest freshwater crayfish on Earth. Fishing for this tasty south-west
crustacean has long been a WA tradition.
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Life cycle
4 5 6 7
3 2 1
1. Juvenile marron are rarely seen. 3. Marron usually reach sexual maturity 5. The hatched marron larvae then
They hide under rocks and in at two-to-three years old. They hang under the mother’s tail,
forest litter that has settled in the spawn in early spring when water clinging to fine hairs. The larvae
river. The speckled colouring that temperatures start to rise and in remain this way for many weeks,
provides them with camouflage favourable seasons will produce feeding on nutrients from the yolk
changes as they grow older. more eggs (usually between 200 sac and moulting several times.
and 400, but sometimes large
females may produce up to 800).
The eggs take nearly half a year to
develop inside the females. During
mating, the males pass on a sperm
packet that the females use to
fertilise their eggs after laying.
4. Once the eggs are fertilised, the
Marron amongst river detritus.
Photo: Michael Burgess
females then carry them in a
large mass under their tails until
2. Marron grow mostly in the summer they hatch in late spring. Females
months, when water temperature bearing eggs in this way are
is warmest. They thrive in water described as ‘berried’.
that is 15 to 25 degrees Celsius. Marron larvae. Photo: Michael Burgess
They grow by moulting. They shed 6. By summer, these tiny juveniles are
their shell, exposing a larger shell, ready to actively feed. They drop
that had been forming underneath. away from their mother and remain
During the short time that the new in waterways close to where they
shell takes to harden, marron are were hatched.
especially vulnerable to attack.
During the winter, with water 7. Small juvenile marron are highly
temperatures below 12 degrees, vulnerable to predation from other
marron are less active and their fish and animals, and cannibalism
growth rate slows. Berried female. Photo: Stephen Beatty by larger marron.
River recyclers
Marron prefer to live in parts of rivers and dams where there
is permanent water and plenty of suitable habitat and food.
This includes rivers and dams with large woody debris such as
fallen trees and submerged leaves.
Within the river ecosystem, marron play a critical role as
recyclers, breaking down animal and plant matter that sinks
to the bottom. Marron are regarded as ‘benthic omnivores’.
This means that they eat all kinds of living, dead and decaying
plant and animal material found on the river or dam bed,
including small invertebrates, fish eggs, fish larvae and algae. Marron can grow to 38.5 centimetres long and weigh up to
2.2 kilograms. Photo: Craig Lawrence
Large marron also attack and eat juvenile marron.
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Blue, smooth, tiger, red and hairy marron
Marron range in colour from jet-black to striped (tiger) to Action is being taken to help hairy marron stocks recover,
red to brown and also stunning cobalt blue – a rare, natural including removing smooth marron from the upper reaches
variation now farmed for aquariums. of the Margaret River, revegetating stream banks where hairy
Marron in most south-west river systems have smooth marron still survive and re-stocking parts of the river with
carapaces or shells. However, another type of marron found captive-bred hairy marron from the Department of Fisheries
in the Margaret River has tufts of hair on its back. Pemberton hatchery.
Hairy marron are only found in the upper reaches of the Fishing has also been banned in areas where hairy marron
Margaret River and are considered critically endangered. are known to exist.
Tiger marron. Photo: Craig Lawrence Hairy marron. Photo: Simon Visser
Typical marron habitat on the Donnelly River. Photo: Michael Burgess Yabby. Photo: Jiri Lochman
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Catching and eating marron
Research It has been illegal to sell wild captured marron since 1955.
Wild marron stocks are therefore managed as a recreational-
Decisions about managing
only fishery.
wild marron stocks are based
on research showing marron Marron are also grown in private farm dams or in commercial
abundance, along with knowledge aquaculture farms. A licence is required for commercial
about their life history and biology. production and strict conditions are placed on the transport of
Department of Fisheries researchers marron off farms.
assess the status of marron stocks
by using both ‘fishery-dependent
data’ (catch and effort data provided
by recreational marron fishers) and
independent data, such as samples
from rivers and dams, and analysing Marron research.
Photo: Vinh Nguyen
these catches.
Marron management
Tools for managing marron fishing sustainably include
seasonal and area closures; size, bag and possession limits;
and restrictions on the type of fishing gear used. By managing
fishing at sustainable levels, it’s hoped that the popular WA
pastime of ‘marroning’ will continue for years to come. Farmed marron. Photo: Craig Lawrence
References Glossary
Articles and papers: Websites: Antenna (plural: antennae) Distribution
A sensory organ found in pairs Geographic area within which a
Beatty, S.J., Morgan, D.L. & Department of Fisheries, Western
on the heads of insects and species is generally found
Gill, H.S. 2004. Biology of a Australia www.fish.wa.gov.au
crustaceans
translocated population of the Effort
Freshwater Fish Distribution in WA
large freshwater crayfish, Cherax Benthic Amount of time and quantity of
freshwater.fish.wa.gov.au
cainii (Austin & Ryan, 2002) in Found in or near the river bed or gear used by fishers
a Western Australian river, in Centre for Fish and Fisheries dam bottom (or seabed)
Endemic
Crustaceana, 77(11): 1329-1351. Research, Murdoch University
Berried Native to or only naturally found
www.cffr.murdoch.edu.au/
De Graaf, M., Molony, B.M. & When a female marron carries in one place
curres/Freshwater.html
Beatty, S. Fisheries Research eggs attached under her tail
Moult
Report: Evaluation of the Fisheries Research &
Carapace Shed and discard an old shell in
recreational marron fishery Development Corporation
Protective shell covering the order to grow a new one
against environmental change www.frdc.com.au
marron’s head and thorax
and human interaction. Omnivore
Books: Crepuscular An animal that feeds on both
Morrissy, N.M. 1976. Aquaculture Active at twilight, or just after plant and animal matter
of Marron, Cherax tenuimanus Jones, D. & Morgan, G. 2002.
A Field Guide to Crustaceans of sunset
(Smith) Part 2: Breeding and Range
Early Rearing. Fisheries Research Australian Waters. Critically endangered Geographic area, including all
Bulletin of Western Australia Yearsley, G.K., Last, P.R. & Ward, A species that is at an extremely locations in which a species is
17(2). (W.A. Dept. of Fisheries R.D. 1999. Australian Seafood high risk of becoming extinct, or recorded, even if only rare or
and Wildlife), 1-32. Handbook; an identification dying out single sightings
guide to domestic species. Crustacean Thorax
Molony, B. W. and Bird, C. 2002.
Annual report on the monitoring Holdich, D.M. & Lowery, R.S. 1998. Animals with hard, jointed Part of the body between the
of the recreational marron fishery Freshwater Crayfish: Biology, external skeletons, such as head and the abdomen
in 2000, with an analysis of long- Management and Exploitation crabs, shrimp, lobster, prawns
term data and changes within this and marron
fishery. Fisheries Research Report Decapod
Western Australia. No. 137, 44 p. Has 10 legs
Department of Fisheries, Western Detritus
Australia. State of the Fisheries Dead organic material
and Aquatic Resources Report
(produced annually).
This fact sheet is the thirteenth (No. 13, first revision) in a FURTHER INFORMATION
Department of Fisheries series. ISSN 1834-9382 Visit the Department’s website at
Fish illustrations www.fish.wa.gov.au or contact:
© R.Swainston/www.anima.net.au
DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES – HEAD OFFICE
CR455-02 MAR 2011
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