LAB: PASSiV@ & ACtiVe TRANSPORT ‘The cell membrane is semi-permeable. This means some materials are allowed through and some are not. The size, shape, and charge of the molecules determines whether they can pass or not. Passive Transport ‘+ The movement of materials through 2 membrane without energy Diffusion: the movement of materials from high concentration to low concentration + Osmosis: the diffusion of water through a membrane Active Transport + The process of using energy to move materials through a membrane ‘Some materials, like sugar or salt, are too big to flow through the membrane + Instead, the cell needs energy to move the molecule through a protein, ©. What type of energy? ATP! + Cells in our kidneys filter & remove salt from your blood through active transport Endocytosi + Occurs when a large bit of material is captured with a pocket in the membrane + The pocket breaks off & forms a package that moves into the cell + Requires energy + Essential nutrients, like iron, are absorbed into cells this way 1. 2. 3. Xocytosis ‘Occurs when 2 large bit of material needs to be removed from a cell A package of the materials travels through the cell to the membrane, joins it, and is expelled + Requires energy + Cells use this to flush out waste such as hormones, 1 2. 3Part lastic Bag Membrane Mat ls: plastic bags, rubber bands, 2 beakers, cornstarch, iodine, water, 50 ml graduated cylinder, teaspoon Procedures Label two clean glass 200ml beakers 1 & 2 Pour approximately 100 mL. of water into each beaker. Add | teaspoon of comstarch into beaker 1, Stir until mostly or fully mixed. ‘Add 10 drops of iodine into beaker 2. (careful, iodine will stain clothes) Use the graduated cylinder to pour 30 mL. of water into a plastic bag. Add 10 drops of iodine to the bag, Rubber band to seal the bag. Gently place the bag into beaker 1. Record/draw the initial color below. 6. Use the graduated cylinder to pour 30 mL. of water into the other plastic bag. Add 1 tsp of cornstarch to the bag and mix well. Rubber band to seal the bag. Gently place the bag into beaker 2, Record observations. Let the bags sit for 10-15 minutes. (Move on to part two while you wait) After 15 minutes, record your observations below. 9, Let the bags sit for 24-48 hours & record observations again. Observations 1. Iodine Bag in Cornstarch Water | 2. Cornstarch Bag in lodine Water gs Initial Observations After 15 Minutes ‘After 24-48 hoursPart 2: Egg Shell Membrane ‘Materials: raw egg, 400 ml beaker, balance, tape measure, vinegar, corn syrup, salt Hypotheses: What will happen to an egg after soaking for 24 hours in. L. Vinegar? 2. Com Syrup? 3. Tap water? iz wy 1: Monday ‘Obiain and find the mass of a raw egg. Record in the table below: Use a tape measure to measure the egg’s long & short circumference as shown, Record Carefully place the egg in a 400ml beaker labeled with your group number. ‘Add vinegar to the beaker until the egg is fully covered. Record yout initial observations. Cover with saran wrap and leave overnight, 6. Very carefully take the egg out of the vinegar and place it on the balance. Record the mass. 7. Use a tape measure to measure the egg’s circumference. Record. 8. What else happened to the egg? Record any other ‘after’ observations. 9. Clean the beaker with soap and water, then gently place the egg back in the beaker. 10, Add corn syrup to the beaker until the exg is fully covered. Record intial observations. 11, Cover with saran wrap and leave overnight Day 3: Wednesday Short circumference 12, Repeat stops 6-9. 13. Add distilled water to the beaker until the egg is fully covered. Record initial observations 14. Cover with saran wrap and leave overnight, Day 4: Thursday 15, Repeat steps 6-8, Clean the beaker and throw away the ege. Tong, Short ‘Mass (g)_ | Circumference | Circumference Other Observations fom) (em) INITIAL: Plain Egg aA Soaked in Vinegar AFTER GAT Soaked in Corts AFTER Syrup TNITIAT Soaked in Distilled aT WaterConclusion — answer thoughtfully & thoroughly, atach extra paper ifnecessary, use data to support your answers: Part One: Plastic Bag Membr: e 1, What does this activity have to do with cell membranes? 2. What did you observe? How can we explain this? 3. Which particles ~ starch or iodine — were able to cross the model cel! membrane? How do you know? 4. Which particles ~ starch or iodine — were unable to cross the model cell membrane? How do you know? Part Two: Egg Shell Membrane 5. What does this a ity have to do with cell membranes? 6. What happened to the egg after soaking in vinegar for 24 hours? How can we explain this in terms of membranes? 7. What happened to the egg after soaking in corn syrup for 24 hours? How can we explain this in terms of membranes? 8. What happened to the egg after soaking in distilled water for 24 hours? ‘How can we explain this in terms of membranes? 9. What other substances might be cool to soak an egg in’?Worksheet no. 2 Cell Division 4.1 Identify the phases of mitosis. Write your answer in the space provided Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 FigureS_00 Figure 64.2 Answer the following questions a. What is the significance of chromosomes? b. Define cell differentiation: ¢. Describe in general terms how differentiation occurs Worksheet no. 3 Cell Membrane Transport Mechanisms 3.1 Diffusion of gases Procedure L L 3 4. Prepare the materials: Ammonia or cologne or any substance with strong odor. Open the bottle containing the ammonia or cologne. Spray or apply on a body part. Answer the question a, Explain why the odor of ammonia or the cologne can be detected in other parts of the room soon after the bottle was opened or when it was applied in a body part b. Give an example where the above mechanism (diffusion of gases) can be found in the human body. 3.2 Diffusion through liquid Procedure: 1. 2 2. Prepare the materials: 3 petri dishes teaspoon, granulated sugar ink/Potassium Permanganate crystals, cold and hot water, medicine dropper Prepare 3 petti dishes. Put in S0ml of ice water in the first dish, SOmI of hot water in the second dish and 1 teaspoon of sugar plus 50ml of tap water in the third dish (well-stirred). ‘Add equal amount of ink using dropper or Potassium permanganate crystals to each of the dishes. Leave the containers undisturbed while observing the results. Find out the following: a. The container where the ink/erystals dissolved first. 'b. The container where the ink/crystals dissolved last Answer the following questions a. Inw! container did the color disperse first? b. In which container did it disperse last?cc. What is the effect of temperature on diffusion? Why is this so? d. What is the effect of the presence of other molecules on the diffusion of a given substance? Explain your answer, Worksheet no. 4 Osmosis 4.1 Differentiate Osmosis and Diffusion 4.2 Define Net Osmosis 4.3 Concentration of Solutions : o- “= “2 ® Figure 7 Microscopie Fields (a-c) containing red blood cells that shows direction of net osmosis by means of arrows 7 a. Identify the type of solution in Figure 7 1 ee — _ b. Answer the following questions 1. Which microscopic field contains a hypertonic solutions? 2. The cells in this field are said to be _ake Which microscopic field contains an isotonic bathing solution? What does isotonic mean? Which microscopic field contains a hypotonic solution? ‘What is happening to the cell in this field and why?