Q-1) program of calcultor in python

def sum(a,b):
sum=a+b
print (sum)
def sub(a,b):
sub=a-b
print (sub)
def mul(a,b):
mul=a*b
print(mul)
def div(a,b):
div=a/b
print (div)
a=int(input("enter the value of a"))
b=int(input("enter the value of b"))
while True:
choice=input(" + for add\n - for sub\n * for mul\n / for div \n enter your
choice\n")
if choice=='+':
print ("sum of two number\n")
sum (a,b)
elif choice=='-':
print ("sub of two number\n")
sub (a,b)
elif choice=='*':
print ("mul of two number\n")
mul(a,b)
elif choice=='/':
print ("div of two number\n")
div(a,b)
else:
print("invalid option")

break

output:-
enter the value of a 10
enter the value of b 5
+ for add
- for sub
* for mul
/ for div
enter your choice +
sum of two numbers 15

enter the value of a 10

enter the value of b 5
+ for add
- for sub
* for mul
/ for div
enter your choice -
sub of two numbers 5

Q-2) program to find the entered year is leap year or not.

year=int(input("enter a year"))
if(year%100)==0:
if(year%400)==0:
print("century and leap year")
else:
print("century but non leap year")

else:
if(year%4)==0:
print("not a century but leap year")
else:
print("not a century and non leap year")

output:-
enter a year 2000
century and leap year
enter a year 2100
century but non leap year
enter a year 2024
not a century but leap year
enter a year 2023
not a century and non leap year

Q-3) program to print the table of a no using for loop

num=int(input("enter a no."))
for i in range(1,11,1):
print(num*i)

output:-
enter a no. 5
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50

Q-4) program to print the maximum number from three numbers entered by the user.

def maximum(num1,num2,num3):
if num1>num2:
if num1>num3:
return num1
else:
return num3
else:
if num2>num3:
return num2
else:
return num3

num1=int(input("enter num1"))
num2=int(input("enter num2"))
num3=int(input("enter num3"))
max=maximum(num1,num2,num3)
print("max=",max)

output:-
enter num1 5
enter num2 9
enter num3 7
max=9

Q-5) write a program in python to print the following pattern.

*
**
***
****
*****

n=int(input("enter a number"))
for i in range(1,n+1):
for j in range(1,i+1):
print("*",end=" ")
print()

Q-6) print to calculate the area and perimeter of a circle in python.

def circle(r):
area=3.14*r*r
circumfrence= 2*3.14*r
return(area,circumfrence)

radius=int(input('enter radius of circle: '))

area,circumference = circle(radius)
print('area of circle is:',area)
print ('circumference of circle is:',circumfrence)

output:-
enter the radius of circle 7
area of circle is: 154
circumference of circle is:44

Q-7) program to print the string in reverse order.

def reverse(original):
stack1=list()
rev=''
for i in original:
stack1.append(i)
for i in range(len(stack1)):
rev=rev+stack1.pop()
 print("reversed string=",rev)
original=input("enter a string")
reverse(original)

output:-
enter a string SCHOOL
reversed string = LOOHCS

Q-8) program to print the string in reverse order using recursion.

def reverse_string(s):
if len(s)>0:
print(s[len(s)-1],end=" ")
reverse_string(s[:len(s)-1])
s=input("enter a string")
print("reversed string=")
reverse_string(s)

output:-
enter a string SCHOOL
reversed string= LOOHCS

Q-9) program to print the sum of natural numbers using recursion.

def sum_natural(num):
if num==1:
return 1
else:
return num+sum_natural(num-1)
num=int(input("enter a natural number"))
sum=sum_natural(num)
print("sum of natural numbers=",sum)

output:-
enter a natural number 5
sum of natural numbers=15

Q-10) program to insert,delete and display the elements of stack.

def push(stack1,ele):
stack1.append(ele)
print(ele," inserted successfully")
def pop_ele(stack1):
x=stack1.pop()
print(x,"popped successfully")
def peek(stack1):
index=len(stack1)-1
print("top element=",stack1[index])
def display(stack1):
for i in range(len(stack1)):
 print(stack1[i])

stack1=[]
while True:
choice=int(input("1->push\n 2->pop\n 3-peek\n 4->display\n5->exit\n enter your
choice"))
if choice==1:
ele=int(input("enter the element to insert"))
push(stack1,ele)

elif choice==2:
if len(stack1)==0:
print("stack is empty")
else:
pop_ele
(stack1)

elif choice==3:
if len(stack1)==0:
print("stack is empty")
else:
peek(stack1)
elif choice==4:
if len(stack1)==0:
print("stack is empty")
else:
display(stack1)
else:
exit

output:-
1->push
2->pop
3->peek
4->display
5->exit
enter your choice 1
enter the element to insert 5
5 inserted successfully

1->push
2->pop
3->peek
4->display
5->exit
enter your choice 1
enter the element to insert 10
10 inserted successfully

1->push
2->pop
3->peek
4->display
5->exit
enter your choice 1
enter the element to insert 15
15 inserted successfully

1->push
2->pop
3->peek
4->display
5->exit
enter your choice 3
top element=15

1->push
2->pop
3->peek
4->display
5->exit
enter your choice 2
15 popped successfully

1->push
2->pop
3->peek
4->display
5->exit
enter your choice 4
10
5

Q-11) Write a program in python to sort elements using bubble sorting.

def bubble_sort(list1):
n=len(list1)
for i in range(n):
for j in range(0,n-i-1):
if list1[j]>list1[j+1]:
list1[j],list1[j+1]=list1[j+1],list1[j]

numlist=[5,8,3,6,7]
bubble_sort(numlist)
print("the stored list is")
for i in range(len(numlist)):
print(numlist[i],end=" ")

output:-
the sorted list is 3, 5, 6, 7, 8

Q-12) Write a program in python to sort elements using insertion sorting.

def insertion_sort(list1):
n=len(list1)
for i in range(n):
temp=list1[i]
j=i-1
while j>=0 and temp<list1[j]:
list1[j+1]=list1[j]
j=j-1
list1[j+1]=temp

numlist=[8,7,9,4,5]
insertion_sort(numlist)
print("the sorted list is:")
for i in range(len(numlist)):
print(numlist[i],end=" ")

output:-
the sorted list is:
4,5,7,8,9

Q-13) Write a program in python to sort elements using selection sorting.

def selection_sort(list1):
flag=0
n=len(list1)
for i in range(n):
min=i
for j in range(i+1,len(list1)):
if list1[j]<list1[min]:
min=j
flag=1
if flag==1:
list1[min],list1[i]=list1[i],list1[min]

numlist=[8,4,9,3,7]
selection_sort(numlist)
print("the sorted list is:")
for i in range(len(numlist)):
print(numlist[i],end=" ")

output:-
the sorted list is: 3,4,7,8,9

Q-14) write a program in python to count the no of alphabets ,upper case letters ,
lower case letters,digits
,spaces and special symbols in a string entered by the user.
def count_str(str):
alpha,upper_ctr,lower_ctr,number_ctr,space_ctr,special_ctr=0,0,0,0,0,0
length=len(str)
print("length of string=",length)
for i in str:
if(i.isalpha()):
alpha+=1
if(i.isupper()):upper_ctr+=1
if(i.islower()):lower_ctr+=1
elif(i.isdigit()):number_ctr+=1
elif(i.isspace()):space_ctr+=1
else:special_ctr+=1
return alpha,upper_ctr,lower_ctr,number_ctr,space_ctr,special_ctr
str=input("enter a string")
print("original string:",str)
alpha,upper_ctr,lower_ctr,number_ctr,space_ctr,special_ctr=count_str(str)
print("\n total number of alphabets=:",alpha)
print("\n upper case characters=:",upper_ctr)
print("\n lower case characters=:",lower_ctr)
print("\n number characters=:",number_ctr)
print("\n space characters=:",space_ctr)
print("\n special characters=:",special_ctr)

output:-

enter a stringi am sambhav sharma. i am in class xii. i like reading books.

original string: i am sambhav sharma. i am in class xii. i like reading books.
length of string= 61

total number of alphabets=: 46

 upper case characters=: 0

lower case characters=: 46

number characters=: 0

space characters=: 12

special characters=: 3

Q-15) write a program in python to count the no of spaces in the string entered by
the user.
def check_space(string):
count=0
for i in range(0,len(string)):
if string[i]==" ":
count+=1
return count

string=input("enter the string")

print("number of spaces ",check_space(string))

output:-
enter the stringhello everyone! i am yatharth singh.
number of spaces 5

Q-16) python program to count lines starting with vowel in testfile.txt

def count_lines():
count=0
fobj=open("testfile.txt",'r')
line=fobj.readlines()
for i in line:
if i[0] in 'AEIOUaeiou':
count+=1
fobj.close()
return count
count=count_lines()
print("number of lines starting with vowel:",count)

Q-17) write a python program to perform the insertion and deletion operation on
stack.
stack=[]
while True:
choice=int(input("1-> to insert data\n 2-> to delete data\n 3-> to exit\n enter
youur choice"))
if choice==1:
ele=input("enter the name of the student")
stack.append(ele)
elif choice==2:
if stack==[]:
print("underflow")
else:
ele=stack.pop()
print(ele,"deleted successfully")
elif choice==3:
 break
else:
break
print("now , our stack is",stack)
OUTPUT:-
1-> to insert data
2-> to delete data
3-> to exit
enter youur choice1
enter the name of the studentram
1-> to insert data
2-> to delete data
3-> to exit
enter youur choice1
enter the name of the studentshyam
1-> to insert data
2-> to delete data
3-> to exit
enter youur choice1
enter the name of the studentmohan
1-> to insert data
2-> to delete data
3-> to exit
enter youur choice2
mohan deleted successfully
1-> to insert data
2-> to delete data
3-> to exit

Q-18) write a python program to count upper case alphabets.

string=input("enter a strint")
count=0
for i in string:
if i.isupper():
count+=1
print("number of upper case alphabets=",count)

output:-
enter a strintHello Everyone!
number of upper case alphabets= 2

Q-19) write a python program to count the alphabets in a string entered by a user.
string=input("enter the string")
count=0
for i in string:
if i.isalpha():
count=count+1
print("no of alphabets=",count)

output:-
enter the stringi am sambhav sharma. i am 17 years old.
no of alphabets= 27

Q-20) Write a program to print the fibonacci series using recursion till the given
no of terms.
def fibonacci(n):
if n<=1:
return n
 else:
return(fibonacci(n-1)+fibonacci(n-2))
n=int(input("enter the no of terms"))
print("fibonacci series:")
for i in range(n):
print(fibonacci(i),end=" ")

output:-
enter the no of terms10
fibonacci series:
0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34

Q-21) Write a python program to insert and delete names in a queue.

queue=[]
while True:
choice=int(input("1-> to insert data\n 2-> to delete data\n 3-> to exit\n enter
youur choice"))
if choice==1:
ele=input("enter the name of the student")
queue.append(ele)
elif choice==2:
if queue==[]:
print("underflow")
else:
ele=queue.pop(0)
print(ele,"deleted successfully")
elif choice==3:
break
else:
break
print("now , our queue is",queue)

output:-

1-> to insert data

2-> to delete data
3-> to exit
enter youur choice1
enter the name of the studentyatharth
1-> to insert data
2-> to delete data
3-> to exit
enter youur choice1
enter the name of the studentshobhit
1-> to insert data
2-> to delete data
3-> to exit
enter youur choice1
enter the name of the studentsambhav
1-> to insert data
2-> to delete data
3-> to exit
enter youur choice2
yatharth deleted successfully
1-> to insert data
2-> to delete data
3-> to exit
 enter youur choice5
now , our queue is ['shobhit', 'sambhav']

Q-22 ) write a python program to count the no of space in a string.

def check_space(string):
count=0
for i in range(0,len(string)):
if string[i]==" ":
count+=1
return count

string=input("enter the string")

print("number of spaces ",check_space(string))

output:-
enter the string sambhav sharma
number of spaces 2

Q-23) python program to count lines starting with vowel in testfile.txt

def count_lines():
count=0
fobj=open("testfile.txt",'r')
line=fobj.readlines()
for i in line:
if i[0] in 'AEIOUaeiou':
count+=1
fobj.close()
return count
count=count_lines()
print("number of lines starting with vowel:",count)

Q-24) write a python program to count upper case alphabets.

string=input("enter a string")
count=0
for i in string:
if i.isupper():
count+=1
print("number of upper case alphabets=",count)

output:-
enter a strintINDIA is a democratic nation.
number of upper case alphabets= 5

Q-25) program of linear searching.

def linearSearch(list1,key):
for i in range(0,n):
if list1[i]==key:
return i+1
return None
list1=[]
n=int(input("Enter the no. of elements in the list:"))
print("enter each element and press enter:")
for i in range(0,n):
ele=int(input())
list1.append(ele)
print("the list contents are:",list1)
key=int(input("enter the element to be searched"))
pos=linearSearch(list1,key)
if pos is None:
print(key,"is not present in the list")
else:
print(key,"is present at position",pos)

output:-
Enter the no. of elements in the list:5
enter each element and press enter:
2
7
4
8
9
the list contents are: [2, 7, 4, 8, 9]
enter the element to be searched4
4 is present at position 3

Q-25 ) program of binary search

def binary_search(list,key):
first=0
last=len(list)-1
while (first<=last):
mid=(first+last)//2
if list[mid]==key:
return mid
elif key>list[mid]:
first=mid+1
elif key<list[mid]:
last=mid-1
return -1
list=list()
print("create a list by entering elements in ascending order")
print("press enter after each element ,press -99 to stop")
num=int(input())
while num!=-99:
list.append(num)
num=int(input())
key=int(input("enter the element to be searched"))
pos=binary_search(list,key)
if pos!=-1:
print(key,"is found at position",pos+1)
else:
print(key,"is not found in the list")

output:-

create a list by entering elements in ascending order

press enter after each element ,press -99 to stop
3
4
5
6
7
-99
enter the element to be searched5
5 is found at position 3

26.Write a menu driven python program to implement a stack having names of student.
stack = [ ]
while True :
print()
print("Enter your choice as per given -")
print("1 = For insert data Enter insert ")
print("2 = For delete data enter delete ")
print("3 = For Exit enter exit ")
print()
user = input("Enter your choice :- ")
if user == "insert" :
data = input("Enter the name of student :- ")
stack.append(data)
elif user == "delete" :
if stack == [ ]:
print("UnderFlow")
else :
stack.pop()
else :
break
print("Now our stack = ",stack)
output:-

Enter your choice as per given -

1 = For insert data Enter insert
2 = For delete data enter delete
3 = For Exit enter exit

Enter your choice :- insert

Enter the name of student :- ram
Now our stack = ['ram']

Enter your choice as per given -

1 = For insert data Enter insert
2 = For delete data enter delete
3 = For Exit enter exit

Enter your choice :- insert

Enter the name of student :- shyam
Now our stack = ['ram', 'shyam']

Enter your choice as per given -

1 = For insert data Enter insert
2 = For delete data enter delete
3 = For Exit enter exit

Enter your choice :- insert

Enter the name of student :- mohan
Now our stack = ['ram', 'shyam', 'mohan']

Enter your choice as per given -

1 = For insert data Enter insert
2 = For delete data enter delete
3 = For Exit enter exit

Enter your choice :- delete

Now our stack = ['ram', 'shyam']

Enter your choice as per given -

1 = For insert data Enter insert
2 = For delete data enter delete
3 = For Exit enter exit

Enter your choice :- exit

select* from employee;

+-------+------------+-----------+----------------+------------+
| empid | first_name | last_name | address | city |
+-------+------------+-----------+----------------+------------+
| 10 | harish | sharma | ibm colony | udaipur |
| 106 | vijay | gaur | shastri nagar | ajmer |
| 163 | ravindra | dadhich | vaishali nagar | jaipur |
| 215 | gurpreet | singh | naisarak | ganganagar |
| 244 | arvind | sharma | namastey chowk | jodhpur |
| 440 | peter | same | near charch | kota |
| 460 | pawan | winy | lalchand marg | alwar |
| 555 | vandna | thompson | cnt.road | delhi |
| 670 | ahemad | khan | check point | mumbai |
+-------+------------+-----------+----------------+------------+

select* from empsalary;

+-------+--------+----------+----------+
| empid | salary | benefits | desg |
+-------+--------+----------+----------+
| 10 | 75000 | 12000 | manager |
| 106 | 60000 | 10000 | manager |
| 163 | 37000 | 25000 | director |
| 215 | 50000 | 12300 | manager |
| 244 | 55000 | 11000 | clerk |
| 440 | 28000 | 12800 | salesman |
| 460 | 32000 | 7500 | salesman |
| 555 | 20000 | 10000 | clerk |
| 670 | 40000 | 3000 | clerk |
+-------+--------+----------+----------+

1. To display first name,last name , address and city of all employee living in
kota from the table employee.

select first_name, last_name,address,city from employee where city='kota';

+------------+-----------+-------------+------+
| first_name | last_name | address | city |
+------------+-----------+-------------+------+
| peter | same | near charch | kota |
+------------+-----------+-------------+------+

2. To display the content of employee table in descending order of first name.

select* from employee order by first_name desc;

+-------+------------+-----------+----------------+------------+
| empid | first_name | last_name | address | city |
+-------+------------+-----------+----------------+------------+
| 106 | vijay | gaur | shastri nagar | ajmer |
| 555 | vandna | thompson | cnt.road | delhi |
| 163 | ravindra | dadhich | vaishali nagar | jaipur |
| 440 | peter | same | near charch | kota |
| 460 | pawan | winy | lalchand marg | alwar |
| 10 | harish | sharma | ibm colony | udaipur |
| 215 | gurpreet | singh | naisarak | ganganagar |
| 244 | arvind | sharma | namastey chowk | jodhpur |
| 670 | ahemad | khan | check point | mumbai |
+-------+------------+-----------+----------------+------------+

3. To display the first name,last name and total salary of all managers from the
table employee and empsalary where total salary is calculated as salary+ benefits.

select first_name,last_name,salary+benefits as "total_sal" from employee,empsalary

where employee.empid=empsalary.empid and desg='manager';
+------------+-----------+-----------+
| first_name | last_name | total_sal |
+------------+-----------+-----------+
| harish | sharma | 87000 |
| vijay | gaur | 70000 |
| gurpreet | singh | 62300 |
+------------+-----------+-----------+

4. To display the maximum salary among managers and clerks from the table
empsalary.

select desg, max(salary) from empsalary group by desg having desg

in('manager','clerk');
+---------+-------------+
| desg | max(salary) |
+---------+-------------+
| manager | 75000 |
| clerk | 55000 |
+---------+-------------+

5. select first_name,salary from employee,empsalary where desg='salesman' and

employee.empid=empsalary.empid;
+------------+--------+
| first_name | salary |
+------------+--------+
| peter | 28000 |
| pawan | 32000 |
+------------+--------+

6. select count(distinct desg) from empsalary;

+----------------------+
| count(distinct desg) |
+----------------------+
| 4 |
+----------------------+

7. select desg,sum(salary) from empsalary group by desg having count(*)>2;

+---------+-------------+
| desg | sum(salary) |
+---------+-------------+
| manager | 185000 |
| clerk | 115000 |
+---------+-------------+
 select desg,sum(salary) from empsalary group by desg having count(desg)>2;
+---------+-------------+
| desg | sum(salary) |
+---------+-------------+
| manager | 185000 |
| clerk | 115000 |
+---------+-------------+

select* from emp;

+-------+----------+----------+------------+-------+--------+
| empno | ename | job | hiredate | sal | deptno |
+-------+----------+----------+------------+-------+--------+
| 7369 | arvind | manager | 2000-12-17 | 12000 | 5 |
| 7499 | atul | clerk | 2001-02-20 | 6000 | 10 |
| 7521 | sunil | salesman | 2001-02-20 | 8000 | 5 |
| 7566 | rajesh | clerk | 2001-04-02 | 6500 | 15 |
| 7654 | gurpreet | manager | 2001-09-28 | 11500 | 10 |
| 7698 | nand lal | salesman | 2001-05-01 | 8900 | 15 |
| 7782 | praful | salesman | 2002-12-09 | 9200 | 10 |
| 7839 | ravindra | manager | 2001-11-17 | 13000 | 15 |
| 7876 | mithlesh | clerk | 2001-12-03 | 7000 | 15 |
| 7900 | kapil | salesman | 2002-01-23 | 9500 | 5 |
+-------+----------+----------+------------+-------+--------+

select* from dept;

+--------+------------+---------+
| deptno | dname | loc |
+--------+------------+---------+
| 5 | accounting | delhi |
| 10 | research | jodhpur |
| 15 | sales | jaipur |
+--------+------------+---------+

1.List the name of employee whose empno are 7369,7521,7698,7782.

select ename from emp where empno in(7369,7521,7698,7782);

+----------+
| ename |
+----------+
| arvind |
| sunil |
| nand lal |
| praful |
+----------+
2. List the employee names whose name is having 'T' as second character.
select ename from emp where ename like'_t%';
+-------+
| ename |
+-------+
| atul |
+-------+
3.List theemployee sal,pf,hra,da and gross salary where pf is 10% of basic ,hra
is 50% of basic,da is 30% of basic.
select ename,sal,10/100*sal as "pf",50/100*sal as "hra",30/100*sal as
"da",sal+50/100*sal+30/100*sal-10/100*sal as "gross_sal" from emp;
+----------+-------+-----------+-----------+-----------+------------+
| ename | sal | pf | hra | da | gross_sal |
+----------+-------+-----------+-----------+-----------+------------+
| arvind | 12000 | 1200.0000 | 6000.0000 | 3600.0000 | 20400.0000 |
| atul | 6000 | 600.0000 | 3000.0000 | 1800.0000 | 10200.0000 |
| sunil | 8000 | 800.0000 | 4000.0000 | 2400.0000 | 13600.0000 |
| rajesh | 6500 | 650.0000 | 3250.0000 | 1950.0000 | 11050.0000 |
| gurpreet | 1150 | 115.0000 | 575.0000 | 345.0000 | 1955.0000 |
| nand lal | 8900 | 890.0000 | 4450.0000 | 2670.0000 | 15130.0000 |
| praful | 9200 | 920.0000 | 4600.0000 | 2760.0000 | 15640.0000 |
| ravindra | 13000 | 1300.0000 | 6500.0000 | 3900.0000 | 22100.0000 |
| mithlesh | 7000 | 700.0000 | 3500.0000 | 2100.0000 | 11900.0000 |
| kapil | 9500 | 950.0000 | 4750.0000 | 2850.0000 | 16150.0000 |
+----------+-------+-----------+-----------+-----------+------------+
4.List the total salary of all the employees.
select sum(sal) as "total_sal" from emp;
+-----------+
| total_sal |
+-----------+
| 81250 |
+-----------+
5.List the maximum salary and minimum salary of the employee.
select max(sal),min(sal) from emp;
+----------+----------+
| max(sal) | min(sal) |
+----------+----------+
| 13000 | 1150 |
+----------+----------+
6.List the department wise average salary of the employees.
select deptno,avg(sal) from emp group by deptno;
+--------+-----------+
| deptno | avg(sal) |
+--------+-----------+
| 5 | 9833.3333 |
| 10 | 5450.0000 |
| 15 | 8850.0000 |
+--------+-----------+
7.find the name of the manager whose department number is 15.
select ename from emp where deptno=15 and job='manager';
+----------+
| ename |
+----------+
| ravindra |
+----------+
8.List all employee names whose department location is "Delhi".
select ename from emp where deptno=(select deptno from dept where loc="delhi");
+--------+
| ename |
+--------+
| arvind |
| sunil |
| kapil |
+--------+
9.List all employee names whose salary is greater than 8500.
select ename from emp where sal>8500;
+----------+
| ename |
+----------+
| arvind |
| nand lal |
| praful |
| ravindra |
| kapil |
+----------+