MAPEH 9- 2ND QUARTER- REVIEWER It generally in four movements:

1st Movement: Fast - Sonata-allegro form

MUSIC 2nd Movement: Slow - gentle, lyrical – typical ABA form or theme and variation
MUSIC OF THE CLASSICAL PERIOD (1750-1820) 3rd Movement: Medium/Fast - uses a dance form (Minuet or scherzo)
4th Movement: Fast - typically, Rondo or Sonata form
➢ The classical era, also called “Age of Reason”; The cultural life was dominated
by the aristocracy, as patrons of musicians and artists who generally influenced CLASSICAL OPERA
the arts. OPERA is a drama set to music where singers and musicians perform in a
➢ Harmony and texture are homophonic in general. theatrical setting.
It has two distinct styles:
COMPOSERS OF THE CLASSICAL PERIOD 1. The Opera Seria (serious opera) usually implies heroic or tragic drama that
employs mythological characters, which was inherited from the Baroque
1. FRANZ JOSEPH HAYDN period.
• He is one of the most prominent composers of the classical period. 2. The Opera Buffa (comic opera) from Italy made use of everyday characters
• His life is described as a “rags-to-riches” story. He came from a poor family and and situations, and typically employed spoken dialogues, lengthy arias and
his music led to his rise in social status. was spiced with sight gags, naughty humor and social satire.
• He was named, “Father of the Symphony”
• Most of his symphonies have nicknames such as the “Surprise Symphony”, PHYSICAL EDUCATION
“The Clock”, “The Military”. SOCIAL DANCE AND DANCE MIXERS
• His music reflects his character and personality: mainly calm, balanced,
serious but with touches of humor. DANCE ETIQUETTE is a set of guidelines that help you navigate the social
dimensions of dancing.
2. WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART SIX types of Dance Etiquette
• is a child prodigy and the most amazing genius in musical history. He 1. What To Wear
experimented in all kinds of music and composed over 700 works. 2. Personal Grooming
Unfortunately, due to mismanaged finances he lived his life in poverty. 3. On The Dance Floor
• He composed wonderful concertos, symphonies and opera such as “The 4. No- Fault Dancing
Marriage of Figaro”, “Don Giovanni”, and “The Magic Flute” which became 5. Asking For A Dance
popular. Other known works: “Eine Kleine Nachtmusik”, “Symphony No. 40 in 6. Dance Floor Demeanor / Behavior
G Major”, and “Sonata No. 11 in A Major K311.”
NO- FAULT DANCING
3. LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN ✓ Never blame a partner for missed execution of figures
• He was the composer who bridged the late Classical era and the early ✓ Dance to the level of your partner
Romantic era. He was a talented pianist and composer. ✓ The show must go on, say “sorry” to your partner if something went wrong.
• He began to go deaf in 1796 but this did not become a hindrance. He
continued composing through the help of an assistant and hearing gadget. DEMEANOR
Some of his famous compositions were made when he was deaf. ✓ Be personable, smile and make eye contact with partner.
• His works include: Famous symphonies are: Symphony No. 3 (Eroica), No. ✓ Project a positive image on the dance floor even if it’s not your personal
5, No. 6 (Pastoral), No. 9 (Choral). style.
• Other famous works: ✓ Dance at the level of your partner.
✔ Piano Sonata no 14 in c sharp minor (Moonlight) 1st movement ✓ If you don’t know the dance, be honest, refuse promptly if asked to dance.
✓ No teaching on the dance floor. It may insult your partner.
✔ Piano Concerto no. 5 “Emperor” in E flat major
✓ Do not cut other dancers off.
✔ Symphon"y No. 5, Op. 67, C Minor
✔ “Fur Elise” NATURE AND BACKGROUND OF SOCIAL DANCES AND DANCE MIXERS
➢ Social dances and dance mixers are dances intended primarily to get to know
VOCAL AND INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC other people in attendance to a certain social function.
➢ They are also called ballroom dances. They are usually performed in pairs,
Sonata, Concerto, Symphony are instrumental music forms of the Classical period male and female, but may also be performed in groups.
➢ Social dances are classified into two major classifications:
SONATA
-LATIN AMERICAN DANCES
➢ A multi-movement work for solo instrument, Sonata came from the word
-MODERN STANDARD DANCES.
“Sonare” which means to make a sound. This term is applied to a variety of
works for a solo instrument such as keyboard or violin.
MODERN STANDARD DANCES
There are three movements in a Sonata:
MODERN STANDARD DANCES ORIGIN
1st Movement: ALLEGRO: fast movement.
2nd Movement: SLOW TEMPO: (Andante, Largo, etc.), mostly lyrical and emotional. Slow Waltz Austria
3rd Movement: MINUET: It is in three-four time and in a moderate or fast tempo. Tango Argentina
Viennese Waltz Vienna
SONATA ALLEGRO FORM Foxtrot USA
-The most important form that developed during the classical era consists of 3 distinct Quickstep USA
sections:
1. Exposition - the first part of a composition in sonata form that introduces the WALTZ
theme. ▪ It was derived from old German word “waltzen”, meaning to roll, to turn or to
2. Development - is the middle part of the sonata-allegro form wherein themes are glide.
being developed ▪ It was born in the suburbs of Vienna and in the alpine regions of Austria.
3. Recapitulation - repeats the theme as they first emerge in the opening exposition ▪ It is a progressive dance written in ¾ time where the first beat measure is
accented.
CONCERTO
-is a multi-movement work designed for an instrumental soloist and orchestra. CHARACTERISTICS
❖ Erect posture and rise-and-fall. The first step of the measure is taken with bent
A concerto has three movements: knee and followed on the second and third steps by both partners rising to full
1st Movement: FAST: Sonata-allegro form with expositions of the orchestra and height on balls of the feet
then by the soloist. ❖ Forward steps are taken on the heel directly toward the partner.
2nd Movement: SLOW: Has more ornamentation than the First movement. ❖ On side steps, both partners sway slightly away from their direction of the travel
3rd Movement: FAST: Finale: usually in a form of rondo, resembling the last ❖ Partners stay fairly close together and take a long reaching step.
movement of the symphony and usually a short cadenza is used.

SYMPHONY LATIN AMERICAN DANCES

A multi-movement work for orchestra, the symphony is derived from the word They are called Latin American dances because most of them are from the
“Sinfonia” which literally means “a harmonious sounding together”. It is a classical Latin-American countries.
music for the whole orchestra.
 Latin dances distinguish themselves by the costumes worn by performers. 4. School
They are somewhat revealing, tight-fitting, sexy yet sophisticated in nature. 5. Community
They are also distinguished by the nature of the movements. They are freer
and can be performed in close or open hold. PERSONAL (Early Aggressive Behavior vs. Self- control)
RISK FACTORS PROTECTIVE FACTORS
LATIN AMERICAN DANCES ORIGIN Use of drugs at an early age Self- control behavior
Cha-cha-cha Cuba Risk taking behavior Good reasoning skills
Rumba Cuba Experimentation Excellent social skills
Samba Brazil Poor social skills and interaction Positive interaction with people
Paso Doble Span Childhood problems Sense of belonging
Jive / Boogie USA Feeling of isolation
Swing USA
Merengue Dominican Republic
FAMILY (Weak Parental Guidance vs. Strong Parental Guidance)
Salsa Cuba RISK FACTORS PROTECTIVE FACTORS
Mambo Cuba History and pattern of drug use Good communication with people
Attitudes toward drug use Positive family relationship
CHA-CHA-CHA
Poor parenting and child rearing Clear and consistent family rules
➢ In 1953, Cuban Orchestra America started playing the time-honored-danzon
Inconsistent family rules Strong family values
with a new syncopated beat.
➢ It sounded like a slow mambo, and Cuban dancers used a slight triple hip Poor family values Positive expectation to child’s success in
undulation on the slow count. family, school and community
➢ This was changed gradually into triple step on the slow count; thus, cha cha Poor family ties Reliance on family for emotional support
cha was born. It was introduced in the US in 1954.
➢ It is the most popular of the Latin dances. PEERS AND FRIENDS (Substance Abuse vs. Academic Excellence)
Risk Factors Protective Factors
Association with peers and Association with peers and friends who do
CHARACTERISTICS friends known to use gateway not use gateway drugs
❖ Shoulders remain quiet and free arms are kept about shoulder level with palms drugs (cigarettes and alcohol).
down Preference to stay with peers Formation of friendships
❖ All steps are taken on the flat of the foot with the exception of the back step and friends than with family
which is taken on the ball of the foot with weight kept well forward. Reliance on friends for emotional support
❖ Forward steps are taken with weight held back Inviting friends at home to know the family
TIMING:
Take the forward of leading foot and step off the second beat of the bar of the CLASSIFICATIONS OF DRUGS OF ABUSE
music 1. GATEWAY DRUGS
⮚ Drugs that a non-drug user might try which can lead him or her to more
DANCE MIXERS
dangerous drugs such as marijuana and shabu.
A social dance which allows group of performers to change partners periodically
while dancing to allow chance to get to know other members of the performing group. ⮚ Some common examples of these are cigarettes and alcohols, which are not
allowed to minors.
HEALTH 2. DEPRESSANTS- Also known as “downers”, it slows down a person’s central
▪ PREVENTION OF SUBSTANCE USE AND ABUSE nervous system. It relaxes muscles and nerves.
▪ Drug Scenario in the Philippines ➢ Depressants include alcohol, barbiturates and tranquilizers.
▪ Drug abuse in the Philippines is a serious problem because it is not just the lives 3. STIMULANTS
of those who become hooked but also the lives of those in the family and the ➢ Also known as “uppers” or “speeders”, it speeds up a person’s central nervous
community that are destroyed. system.
▪ According to the Armed Forces of the Philippines’ Narcotics Command, ages 15 ➢ Caffeine is a kind stimulant which is found in soft drinks, energy drinks, coffee,
to 29 years are commonly hooked to drugs. tea and chocolate.
▪ In the Philippines, drug use and abuse is a social and health concern. Poverty ➢ Illegal stimulants are Cocaine, Nicotine, and Methamphetamine or Shabu, and
has become an increasing cause for involvement in the illegal drug trade. Ecstasy.
▪ According to the 2012 statistics available in the Dangerous Drug Board 4. NARCOTICS
Website, the most common type of substance of abuse among Filipino are: -Also known as “painkillers”, it relieves pain and induce sleepiness.
Shabu, Marijuana, Inhalants. -Some illegal Narcotic drugs are Heroin and Marijuana, which if taken wrong
may cause overdose leading to coma and death.
COMMON CONCEPTS IN DRUG EDUCATION 5. HALLUCINOGENS
The following are the usual words you will encounter in studying substance ⮚ Drugs which distorts reality and facts. It affects all senses and makes a user see,
use and abuse: hear and feel things that don’t exist and are not real.
❖ DRUGS- A chemical substance that changes physical, emotional, or behavioral ⮚ Long term use may cause Psychosis which is a mental disorder in which reality is
state of the person taking it. It is used to alter, sustain, or control the twisted.
recipient’s physical, mental and emotional state. ⮚ Examples are Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD), Psilocybin, Mescaline & Magic
❖ DRUGS OF ABUSE- are drugs commonly abused by users. Mushroom.
❖ DRUG DEPENDENCE- is a cluster of physiological, behavioral and cognitive 6. INHALANTS
phenomena of variable intensity in which the use of a drug takes on high ⮚ These are found in ordinary household chemical products which are huffed or
priority thereby creating a strong desire to take the substances. sniffed.
❖ DRUG ABUSE- is the use of a substance for non- medicinal purposes. Abuse ⮚ Continuous use and abuse leads to delusion, brain damage, liver damage, coma
leads to organ damage like brain damage, and liver damage, addiction and and death.
troubled behavioral patterns. ⮚ Examples of household products used as Inhalants are acetone, Rugby, Spray
❖ DRUG TOLERANCE- is the condition of the body to adapt to the effects of Paint, Cleaning Fluids, and Air conditioner Fluid.
substances to the body thus requiring an even larger amount of the
substance.

RISK AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS IN SUBSTANCE USE AND ABUSE

• Risk factors are situations that increase the likelihood of a person to try
something that may cause negative effects on his or her life.
• Protective Factors are those influences which decrease the chances of Commonly abused drugs in the Philippines are Shabu, Marijuana and Inhalants.
using, misusing, and abusing drugs. Filipino males are most vulnerable in experimenting and abusing drugs.
Prescribed medicine to treat a medical condition can lead to substance abuse or
Domains of Life which Affect Drug Use and Abuse addiction if not taken in the right way.
1. Personal Most people who are treated for substance-use disorder need to stay in treatment
2. Family for at least 3 months.
3. Peer and friends