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Mock 10 READING TEST

Part 1

Read the text. Fill in each gap with ONE word. You must use a word which is somewhere
in the rest of the text.

The water hyacinth grows in tropical countries. It has beautiful purple-blue flowers, but
everybody hates it. Why?

Millions and millions of these plants 1_________________ in rivers and lakes. Sometimes
the plants become so thick that people can walk on them. People cannot travel in boats on
the water, and they cannot fish in it. The 2_________________ stop the water from
moving. Then the water carries diseases. Farmers cannot use the water on their land.

Now scientists think that 3_________________ hyacinths can be useful. The plants are
really a tree crop. No one has to take care of them. They just grow and grow and grow.
What can 4_________________ use them for?

Some fish like to eat them. Farmers can grow these fish in the lakes and rivers. Workers can
collect and cut the plants with machines. Then they can make fertilizer to make their crops
grow better. They can also make feed for their farm animals. Maybe it will be possible to
make methane gas for energy. (We burn gas from petroleum for
energy. 5_________________ gas comes from plants.)

Then poor tropical countries will not have to buy so much expensive 6_______________.
Maybe in the future people will love the water hyacinth instead of hating it.

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Part 2

The people below all want to visit a museum. There are descriptions of museums. Decide
which museum would be the most suitable for the following people.

7. Jake and Maureen have different interests but want to go somewhere they will both
enjoy. Jake loves anything to do with the sea, while Maureen's interested in social
history and the lives of women.
8. Melanie is a history teacher. She wants to take her class to a museum where they will be
allowed to touch things and have activities to do during their visit.
9. Roger is keen to find out about different forms of transport in towns over the last
hundred years. He would like to attend a talk while he is at the museum.
10.Kazuko studies English literature and thinks that seeing where writers lived will help her
understand their books better. She finds it useful to look at pictures which are
connected with the books.
11.Nick is more interested in learning about the countryside than learning about people
from the past. He needs information for some schoolwork he is doing about what
happens to rivers and hills over time.
12.Ingrid's eldest daughter is learning about English history and would like to go
somewhere to bring this subject to life. Ingrid is really interested in flowers.
13.Trevor is an artist and enjoys drawing wildlife. He recently visited a zoo and drew large
animals and would like to try sketching something smaller.
14.Sarah and her husband would like to spend the day outdoors. They don't like going on
rides but are both interested in history and how people used to live.

Recommended Museums in the Area

A. Red House
Travel back to the time of the novelist Charlotte Brontë and find out about her friends
and local connections. Discover the comforts and discomforts of the 1830s country
home where Charlotte sometimes stayed as a guest of Joshua Taylor's family and got
ideas for her novel Shirley.
B. Castle Museum
The castle was built looking down on the valley of the River Dean. It is now a museum,
where you can learn how the valley has changed over millions of years. There is a
collection of interesting rocks and fossils found in the area, and pictures showing how
the valley probably looked in prehistoric times.

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C. Hillcrest Museum
Enjoy an experience of digging up the past. Handle pieces of ancient pots, tools and
other objects from many countries. Learn to date them and see what they tell us about
how people lived then. Also try out computer programs which help plan the digging-up
of sites. School groups should book in advance.
D. Shandy Hall
Here in the 1760s, Laurence Sterne wrote Tristram Shandy. His fifteenth-century house
is now surrounded by a large garden full of beautiful and unusual plants. Inside there is
an important collection of Steme's novels plus the original drawings which were
included in his works.
E. Museum of Peace
Situated in beautiful countryside, this is the only museum of its kind in the country. It
has a growing collection of art and objects connected with peace history, non-violence
and the ending of war. It also has material which can be used after the visit back in the
classroom.
F. Fishing Centre
Study the routes used by fishermen over the last two hundred years and see how their
ocean-going boats worked. A new exhibition explores the position of wives and mothers
in the old fishing towns, giving information about their occupations, and their attitudes
to work and home.
G. Viking Centre
Come and experience what life was like 1,200 years ago in this Viking town, rebuilt at
the mouth of the river. Our introductory talk will inform you about the close relationship
the Vikings had with the sea —they were excellent fishermen, sailors and boat-builders.
There are also tools, clothes and everyday items to look at.
H. Horsepower Museum
This museum reminds us just how important horses were to life in the nineteenth and
early twentieth centuries. It has a permanent exhibition of old trams and buses, which
used to be pulled through the streets by horses. The staff here are very knowledgeable
and give daily lectures on this fascinating collection
I. Warwick Castle
Regarded by many as Britain's greatest Medieval Castle. Visit exhibitions, climb the
castle towers, relax as you walk around the gardens, designed and created in 1753 by
Capability Brown. Experience the preparations for battle in the Kingmaker exhibition or
witness a Victorian Royal Weekend. And if your interest is more in the darker side of the
Castle's history visit The Castle Dungeon.
J. Stratford Butterfly Farm

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The biggest butterfly farm in Europe. Whatever the weather come and see these
beautiful creatures as they would live in their natural environment. Walk around a
tropical rainforest as butterflies fly freely around you. See them as they come into the
world in the Caterpillar Room. And don't miss Insect City where you can view huge
spiders and our very own scorpion colony!
K. Black Country Museum
It's been called Britain's friendliest open-air museum. Come to Black Country Museum
and discover an old-fashioned village by the canal. Look around original old-fashioned
shops and houses, see what it's like down a mine and take a ride on a tramcar.
L. Drayton Manner
One of the UK's most popular attractions. The park is home to some of the scariest rides
you'll find like Stormforce 10 and Apocalypse, which has been voted the UK's most
frightening ride. You'll also find an indoor and outdoor play area and of course, Drayton
Manor Zoo with over one hundred different species, including twelve rare breeds from
across the world.

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Part 3

Read the text and choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings
below.

There are more headings than paragraphs, so you will not use all of them. You cannot use
any heading more than once.

List of headings
A. Guard_your time
B. Make a difference
C. Why Its so hard
D. Set a date
E. Get creative
F. Meet likerninded people
G. Change your life
H. Establish your goals
I. Do what you want
J. Plan a head

15.Paragraph 1___
16.Paragraph 2___
17.Paragraph 3___
18.Paragraph 4___
19.Paragraph 5___
20.Paragraph 6___

Make Most of Your Free Time

1. Studies say that people nowadays have more free time than ever before. Then why
doesn't it feel that way? These days, our free time is usually spent watching
television, using computers or communicating on our phones. Images and
information are constantly flashing into our brains, so it's no wonder we don't feel as
if we have really switched off. To really wind down and help us regain our energy
levels, it is important to use our free time wisely.

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2. Don't let anything else encroach on your free time. Ignore the washing up and the
vacuuming. Don't check your inbox for messages and turn off your mobile phone.
Otherwise, the lines between free time and everyday live will begin to blur, and you
won't feel refreshed.
3. In many free time activities, we take the role of consumer. When we watch TV, play
video games or read, we are only passively involved. Take on the role of producer for
a change. Build a model, write a blog or make an animation film. You will use a
different part of your brains and will feel more energised as a result.
4. But don't go overboard. Many people worry too much about their free time
activities. They want to do things that will impress their friends, look good on their
résumés or help them get a better job. But free time isn't about that. It is about doing
an activity for enjoyment's sake, so don't let outside pressures influence your choice.
5. You'll really know you're using your time wisely if what you're doing helps other
people. So find out what's going on in the community and lend a hand. Visit the
elderly or help out in a children's club. If socialising's not your thing, why not
volunteer for a wildlife organisation?
6. Once you're relaxed and energised, you can think about what you'd like to improve in
your life. Want to get fit? Learn a skill? Improve your job prospects? There are plenty
of groups, clubs and classes you can join that will set you on a completely new life
path. So what are you waiting for? Get out there and enjoy yourself!

Part 4

Read the following text for questions 21-29

Elnino and Seabirds

A. Rhythm of the seasons cannot always be relied upon. At times the tropical Pacific Ocean
and large expanses of the global atmosphere seem to be marching to the beat of a
different drummer, disrupting the normal patterns of countless species of plants and
animals along with hundreds of millions of human beings. So they want anticipate these
occasional lapses in the march of the seasons and help societies plan accordingly,
scientists are seeking to understand these competing rhythms: the strongest of which is
the alternation between the “normal climate” and a different but still recurrent set of
climatic conditions in the Pacific region called El Nino.

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B. Seabirds are prominent and highly visible components of marine ecosystems that will be
affected by global climate change. The Bering Sea region is particularly important to
seabirds; populations there are larger and more diverse than in any similar region in
North America—over 90% of seabirds breeding in the continental United States are
found in this region. Seabirds, so named because they spend at least 80% of their lives at
sea, are dependent upon marine resources for food. As prey availability changes in
response to climatically driven factors such as surface sea temperature and extent of sea
ice, so will populations of seabirds be affected.
C. Seabirds are valued as indicators of healthy marine ecosystems and provide a “vicarious
use value” or existence value—people appreciate and value seabirds simply because
they are there and enjoy them through venues such as pictures, nature programs, and
written accounts without ever directly observing seabirds in their native environment. A
direct measure of this value is demonstrated by Federal legislation that established
specific national wildlife refuges to protect seabirds and international treaty obligations
that provide additional protection for seabirds. Seabirds are also an important
subsistence resource for many who live within the Bering Sea Region. Furthermore, the
rich knowledge base about seabirds makes them a valuable resource as indicator species
for measurement of change in the marine environment.
D. The most abundant breeding species in Alaska are northern fulmars, storm-petrels,
kittiwakes, murres, auklets and puffins. These species also form the largest colonies.
Fulmars, storm-petrels and kittiwakes are surface feeders, picking their prey from the
surface or just below the surface; murres, auklets, and puffins dive for their food.
Fulmars nest primarily on island groups in and around the Bering Sea. They take a wide
variety of prey (e.g., fish, squid, zooplankton, jellyfish) from the surface or just below the
surface. Storm-petrels are strictly nocturnal and nest below ground in either burrows or
crevices between rocks. They forage on zooplankton and squid; in some areas they are
dependent upon small fish such as capelin and sand lance caught at the surface. Black-
legged kittiwakes are widespread throughout Alaska, Canada and Eurasia while red-
legged kittiwakes are found only in the Bering Sea region. Both are surface feeders
although black-legged kittiwakes feed primarily on small fish and forage over the
continental shelf and shelf break; red-legged kittiwakes feed primarily on myctophids
and will forage beyond the shelf break.
E. Marine mammals have exhibited similar signs of food stress in recent years. Harbor seals
at Tugidak Island in the Gulf of Alaska declined by about 85% between 1976 and 1988 .
Steller sea lion populations declined by 36% in the Gulf of Alaska between 1977 and
1985 , and by another 59% between 1985 and . Northern fur seals declined about 35%
by 1986 from their average numbers in the 1970s, although numbers had rebounded

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somewhat (20%) by 1990 . Associated with the declines in Steller sea lions are declines
in birth rate, fewer breeding females, fewer pups, decreased adult body condition,
decreased juvenile survival, and a change in population age structure.
F. Walker noticed that monsoon seasons with low-index conditions are often marked by
drought in Australia, Indonesia, India, and parts of Africa. He also claimed that low-index
winters tend to be unusually mild in western Canada. One of his British colleagues
chided him in print for suggesting that climatic conditions over such widely separated
regions of the globe could be linked. In his reply Walker predicted, correctly, that an
explanation would be forthcoming, but that it would require a knowledge of wind
patterns above ground level, which were not routinely being observed at that time.
G. The need for long-term time series It seems obvious that without good baseline data
ornithologists are doomed to be surprised by the arrival of El Nino every few years. Even
when ornithologists and ecologists are at hand to take advantage of an incoming El
Nino, lack of preexisting data, and of monitoring afterwards, makes it difficult 134 F.M.
Jaksic & J.M. Farina to understand responses of birds to the successive El Nino, La Nina,
and “normal” years. Indeed, according to Jaksic, during the last century there were 12 El
Nino years and 12 La Nina years, thus leaving about 76 ‘normal’ years in between. Thus,
by heavily concentrating attention on only 12% of the time span El Nino, and of
neglecting possibly another 12% , ornithologists are essentially ignoring what happens
during 76% of the time. This situation may be remedied only as long as data are logged
on a regular or continuous basis, that is, as long-term time series. The recipe prescribed
by Schreiber & Schreiber to understand El Nino, effects on birds still stands: ‘…carry out
long-term studies that will shed further light on the interactions between global
atmospheric cycles, oceanographic phenomena, and avian populations.’
H. Populations of seabirds in Alaska are larger and more diverse than any similar region in
the Northern Hemisphere. The extensive coastal estuaries and offshore waters of Alaska
provide breeding, feeding and migrating habitats for 66 species of seabirds. At least 38
species of seabirds, over 50 million individuals, breed in Alaska. Eight Alaskan species
breed only here and in adjacent Siberia. Five additional species range through the North
Pacific, but their populations are concentrated in Alaska. In addition to breeding
grounds, Alaskan waters also provide important wintering habitat for birds that breed in
Canada and Eurasia. Shearwaters, which breed in the southern hemisphere, are the
most numerous species in Alaskan waters during the summer.
I. As another indication that food has been limiting in recent years, several largescale die-
offs of seabirds, mostly surface-feeding species, have been observed in the Gulf of
Alaska during the last decade, most notably in 1983, 1989，and 1993 . But Hatch thinks
that it is too early to decide the these die-offs reports are somehow connected with

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effect of El nino. Byrd and Tobish believe that high rainfall can affect survival of chicks in
earthen burrows, and incidence of big storms with high winds during the chick-rearing
period can cause mortality for chicks of species nesting on cliff-ledges, but this view has
not been considered as convincing evidence.

Questions 21-24

Choose the correct letter A, B, c or D.

21.Why do scientists want to investigate El Nino phenomenon at beginning of the

paragraph ?
A. To learn patterns of creatures that live in marine environment.
B. Assist us to map out because it disturbs normal cycle of for wildlife and human.
C. It has profound theory for both the academic side and practical side.
D. Tropical Pacific Ocean is where El Nino affects most.
22.Why do scientists use seabirds as important subjects when observe climate change
World-widely?
A. Seabirds affected by prey changes according to the temperature and ice.
B. Its size is large enough to be observed.
C. El Nino affects seabirds more than other sea creatures.
D. North America is situated in the area where El Nino affects most.
23. What happened for Marine mammals that live in Tugidak Island in Gulf of Alaska?
A. Number of seals declined about 85% from the mid of 20th century.
B. Number of Steller sea lion declined while Number seals grew.
C. Birth rate and breeding females declined on the Tugidak Island.
D. The situation of mammals on the island is not that worse than we expected.
24. According to J. Walker, what happens in the monsoon seasons notably?
A. Flood and drought seriously damage almost everywhere of the planet.
B. Walker’s prediction would soon come true.
C. Drought only affects some parts of Africa.
D. Drought will affect somewhere of the earth such as Australia and Indonesia

Questions 25-29

Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage

25.Seabirds are regarded as precious indicators of changes in oceanic environment.

A) True B) False C) Not Given

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26. Seabirds such as Fulmars and Murres feed by the characteristic of prey in different
ways.
A) True B) False C) Not Given
27. Steller sea lions only decline in birth rate and fewer pups, but the whole
population wouldn’t be affected by the changes.
A) True B) False C) Not Given
28. With reply of Walker’s colleague, knowledge of wind patterns will be very helpful.
A) True B) False C) Not Given
29. It is difficult to investigate El Nino for ornithologists and ecologist because lack of
available statistics and inspections.
A) True B) False C) Not Given

Part 5

Ensuring our future food supply

Climate change and new diseases threaten the limited varieties of seeds we depend on for
food. Luckily, we still have many of the seeds used in the past-but we must take steps to
save them.

Six miles outside the town of Decorah, Iowa in the USA, an 890-acre stretch of rolling fields
and woods called Heritage Farm is letting its crops go to seed. Everything about Heritage
Farm is in stark contrast to the surrounding acres of intensively farmed fields of corn and
soybean that are typical of modern agriculture. Heritage Farm is devoted to collecting
rather than growing seeds. It is home to the Seed Savers Exchange, one of the largest non
government-owned seed banks in the United States.

In 1975 Diane Ott Whealy was given the seedlings of two plant varieties that her great
grandfather had brought to America from Bavaria in 1870: Grandpa Ott’s morning glory and
his German Pink tomato. Wanting to preserve similar traditional varieties, known as
heirloom plants, Diane and her husband, Kent, decided to establish a place where the seeds
of the past could be kept and traded. The exchange now has more than 13,000 members,
and the many thousands of heirloom varieties they have donated are kept in its walk-in
coolers, freezers, and root cellars the seeds of many thousands of heirloom varieties and, as
you walk around an old red barn that is covered in Grandpa Ott’s beautiful morning glory
blossoms, you come across the different vegetables, herbs, and flowers they have planted
there.

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"Each year our members list their seeds in this,"Diane Ott Whealy says, handing over a copy
of the Seed Savers Exchange 2010 Yearbook. It is as thick as a big-city telephone directory,
with page after page of exotic beans, garlic, potatoes, peppers, apples, pears, and plums-
each with its own name and personal history .For example, there’s an Estonian Yellow
Cherry tomato, which was brought to the seed bank by “an elderly Russian lady” who lived
in Tallinn, and a Persian Star garlic from “a bazaar in Samarkand.”There’s also a bean
donated by archaeologists searching for pygmy elephant fossils in New Mexico.

Heirloom vegetables have become fashionable in the United States and Europe over the
past decade, prized by a food movement that emphasizes eating locally and preserving the
flavor and uniqueness of heirloom varieties. Found mostly in farmers' markets and
boutique groceries, heirloom varieties have been squeezed out of supermarkets in favor of
modern single-variety fruits and vegetables bred to ship well and have a uniform
appearance, not to enhance flavor. But the movement to preserve heirloom varieties goes
way beyond the current interest in North America and Europe in tasty, locally grown food.
It’s also a campaign to protect the world’s future food supply.Most people in the well-fed
world give little thought to where their food comes from or how it’s grown. They wander
through well-stocked supermarkets without realizing that there may be problem
ahead.We’ve been hearing for some time about the loss of flora and fauna in our
rainforests.Very little,by contrast,is being said or done about the parallel decline in the
diversity of the foods we eat.

Food variety extinction is happening all over the world - and it's happening fast. In the
United States an estimated 90 percent of historic fruit and vegetable varieties are no longer
grown. Of the 7,000 different apple varieties that were grown in the 1800s, fewer than a
hundred remain. In the Philippines thousands of varieties of rice once thrived; now only
about a hundred are grown there. In China 90 percent of the wheat varieties cultivated just
a hundred years ago have disappeared. Experts estimate that in total we have lost more
than 50 percent of the world's food varieties over the past century.

Why is this a problem? Because if disease or future climate change affects one of the
handful of plants we've come to depend on to feed our growing planet, we might
desperately need one of those varieties we've let become extinct. The loss of the world's
cereal diversity is a particular cause for concern. A fungus called Ug99, which was first
identified in Uganda in 1999, is spreading across the world's wheat crops. From Uganda it
moved to Kenya, Ethiopia, Sudan, and Yemen. By 2007 it had jumped the Persian Gulf into
Iran. Scientists predict that the fungus will soon make its way into India and Pakistan, then
spread to Russia and China, and eventually the USA.

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Roughly 90 percent of the world's wheat has no defense against this particular fungus. If it
reached the USA, an estimated one billion dollars' worth of crops would be at risk.
Scientists believe that in Asia and Africa alone, the portion currently in danger could leave
one billion people without their primary food source. A famine with significant
humanitarian consequences could follow, according to Rick Ward of Cornell University.

The population of the world is expected to reach nine billion by 2045. Some experts say
we’ll need to double our food production to keep up with this growth. Given the added
challenge of climate change and disease, it is becoming ever more urgent to find ways to
increase food yield. The world has become increasingly dependent upon a technology-
driven, one-size-fits-all approach to food supply. Yet the best hope for securing our food's
future may depend on our ability to preserve the locally cultivated foods of the past.

Questions 30-35

Complete the notes below.

Choose ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.

The food we grow and eat

Supermarkets

 sell fruit and vegetables that transport well

 want fruit and vegetables to be standard in their 30________________
Public awareness

 while people know about plants disappearing from 31________________ very few
know about the decline in fruit and vegetable varieties
Extinction of food varieties

 less than 100 of the types of 32___________ once available in the USA are still grown
 over 33______________ of food varieties around the world have disappeared in the
last 100 years
Current problems in food production

 a particular fungus is attacking wheat in various countries

 Rick Ward believes the threat to food supplies in Asia and Africa might lead to
a 34_____________
Food production in the future

 climate change and disease may put pressure on food production

 twice the amount of food may be needed because of an increase in 35___________

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