Introduction to Mental

Health Care in
Indonesia
Herni Susanti
Common mental health
disorders in Indonesia
• Depression: 5.8% Indonesians with major depression = 9,1 million people of 157
million of population (Indonesian Basic Health Survey, 2018)
• Anxiety: 7.7% of anxiety disorders (Basic Health Survey, 2018)

• Schizophrenia: 0.3-0.7% of the total population (Indonesian Ministry

of Health, 2021)
Stigma surrounding mental health in
Indonesia
1 Lack of Awareness
Many Indonesians lack understanding about mental health conditions.

2 Negative Stereotypes
Mental health issues are often associated with shame and weakness.

3 Religious / Spiritual Misconceptions

Some view mental illness as a spiritual or religious affliction.
Government Efforts to Improve
Mental Health Care
Promotion of Development of Policy Advocacy
Awareness Infrastructure
The government is working
The government has Investments have been on implementing policies
initiated public awareness made to build and improve that prioritize mental health
campaigns to reduce stigma mental health facilities and care and support for
and increase understanding hospitals across the country. vulnerable populations.
of mental health.
Efforts to train more mental Advocacy for mental health
Community programs have health professionals and services in remote and rural
been launched to educate counselors are ongoing to areas is a focus for the
the public about mental meet the growing demand. government's initiatives.
health and the importance
of seeking help.
Availability of Mental
Health Services in Indonesia
Mental health services in Indonesia have become more available in recent
years, with an increase in the number of mental health facilities and
professionals. The government has also initiated programs to improve access
to care, particularly in urban areas.

However, despite these efforts, access to mental health services remains a

challenge, especially in rural areas where facilities are scarce, and the stigma
around seeking mental health support persists.

Efforts to expand mental health services are ongoing, but there is still a
significant need for further improvement and increased accessibility
throughout the country.
Challenges in Accessing Mental
Health Care in Indonesia

Lack of Awareness Stigma and Discrimination

Many people in Indonesia lack awareness There is a strong stigma attached to
about mental health and available mental health, leading to discrimination
services. and social exclusion.

Rural-Urban Disparities Limited Resources

Access to mental health care is The scarcity of mental health facilities and
significantly limited in rural areas professionals poses a major challenge.
compared to urban areas.
Mental Health Care in Rural Areas
Rural areas in Indonesia often lack access to
mental health care services.

Due to the geographical isolation, people in

rural areas may have limited resources for
mental health support.
Mental health care in urban areas

Clinical Services Community Support Workplace Programs

Clinics and hospitals provide Local community centers offer Employers implement mental
professional mental health support groups and health programs and
services in urban areas. counseling for urban resources for urban
residents. employees.
 Psychiatrist,
Mental Health Hospital CNS (mental),
& General Hospital at District Clinical Psy

MD, mental
Community Health health nurse,
Center (Sub District) psycholog
Hierarchy of Mental
Health Service from
1 Ners & 1
Community Health midwife & 2 Hospital to the
Center (village) cader
Community
(an Illustration)
Posyandu (Sub village) 5 cader 5 cader

Individu/Family HH di HH di HH di HH di
RT 1 RT 2 RT 3 RT 4
The Roles of Mental Health Kader
• Screening families : healthy, risk, sick
• Encourage healthy individuals and families for health education about mental health
• Encourage individuals who has risk factor to attend health education session to prevent mental
health problem
• Encourage people with mental disorders for Group
• Activity Therapy & Rehabilitation
• Conducting Home Visits
• Referring the patient to Primary Health Centre (Puskesmas)
• Documenting Activities
Role of traditional healers in mental
health care
Cultural practices
1 Centuries-old methods for healing

Community trust
2
Respected figures in local communities

Herbal remedies
3
Natural treatments and plant-based medicines
Integration of Mental Health Care
into Primary Health Care

Training and Screening and Collaborative Care

Education
Primary health care workers
receive mental health
training and education.
Referrals Primary care teams work in
Integration includes collaboration with mental
systematic screening and health specialists.
referral for mental health
concerns.
Mental health care for children and
adolescents
Early Intervention
1
Preventive and supportive measures

Counseling Services
2
Provided by trained/specialist MH workers

Family Involvement
3
Engaging parents and guardians

Education Programs
4
Promoting mental health awareness
Mental Health Care for the Elderly

Emotional Support Therapeutic Activities Personalized Assistance

Elderly individuals receiving
empathetic support and care
to address their mental health
needs.
POSYANDU LANSIA:
Engagement in group
activities promoting mental
well-being and social
connection among the elderly.
Individualized mental health
care tailored to the unique
needs of elderly individuals.
Mental health care for people with
disabilities
Challenges Accessibility, stigma, and tailored support.

Government Support Policies, funding, and specialized facilities.

Community Involvement Education, inclusion, and empowerment

programs.
Mental Health Care
During Natural
Disasters
During natural disasters, mental health care becomes crucial. The chaos and
trauma can lead to increased anxiety, depression, and PTSD among survivors.
Access to mental health professionals, support groups, and community
outreach programs is essential in providing comfort and assistance.
Mental health care during the
COVID-19 pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted mental health, leading to increased anxiety and
depression.

Isolation, uncertainty, and fear have heightened the need for accessible mental health support.

Many individuals have struggled to cope, emphasizing the importance of virtual therapy and support
groups.

Government and mental health organizations have adapted services to address the unique challenges
of the pandemic.
Conclusion and call to action
Support Mental
Health Initiatives
It's crucial to advocate for
increased funding and
support for mental health
programs and services in
Indonesia.
Join initiatives aimed at
reducing the stigma and
raising awareness about
mental health care.
Accessible and
Inclusive Care
Urge for accessible and
inclusive mental health care
for all individuals, regardless
of their background or
location.
Encourage the integration of
mental health care into
primary health care services.
Educate and Empower
Empower communities with
education on mental health
to foster understanding and
support for those in need.
Encourage open discussions
and dialogue around mental
health and well-being.
THANK YOU