1. Political science stresses the study of B.

Gilchrist
___________? C. Machiavelli
D. Jean Bodin
A. Government
B. State 9. The right to vote is a _________?
C. Power
D. All the above A. civil right
B. moral right
2. Who is said “Political Science begins and ends C. natural right
with the state”? D. political right

A. Professor Garner 10. One of the important advantages of

B. Stephen Leacock
C. Paul Janet
D. None of these
3. The credit for developing behavioral
approach for the study of political science goes
to _________?
A. The American political scientists.
B. The British political scientists.
C. The German political scientists.
D. The Political scientist of the third world.
4. Which of the following is not correctly
matched?
democracy is that: ___________?
A. The people get political education
B. There is considerable secrecy in it
C. There is place for high quality people
D. In it quick decisions are taken.
11. Which of the following are the four
characteristics of state?
A. Government, territory, population, association
B. Association, sovereignty, territory, population
C. Army, territory, population and sovereignty
D. Population, territory, government and
soverignty

A. Herodotus – Political Science 12. The term state has often been confused with
B. Auguste Comte – Sociology ___________?
C. Adam Smith – Economics
D. Sigmund Fraud – Psychology A. Sovereignty
B. Association
5. ________ is regarded as the father of Political C. Nation
Science? D. Government

A. Herodotus 13. According to Plato, the population of the

B. Aristotle State should be about:_________?
C. Plato
D. Rousseau A. 5000
B. 6000
6. Political-Parties are indispensable for the C. 7000
successful working of _________? D. 8000

A. democracy 14. Who said that State is a territorial society

B. monarchy divided into government and the subjects?
C. theocracy
D. dictatorship A. Garner
B. Finer
7. Who defined democracy as “Government of C. Austin
the people, by the people, for the people”? D. Laski
A. Woodrow
B. Abraham Lincoln 15. Who said that the state is a people organised
C. Laski for law within a definite territory?
D. Gandhi
A. Oppenheim
8. The book ’Principles of Political Science’ was B. Woodrow Wilson
written by _________? C. Laski
D. Hall
A. Socrates

1
16. State has been defined as ‘human society C. Green
with political differentiations existing in it D. Kant
between the governed and the governors’ by
_________? 23. Legal nation of state emphasises that:

A. Oppenheim A. The state alone has the right to make laws

B. Duguit B. The laws existed prior to the creation of the
C. McIver state, and state was created for the preservation of
D. T.H. Green these laws
C. All the laws enacted by the state must be
17. According to Tretschke the essence of the approved by the people before they are enforced
state is:_________? D. The states make laws for the maintenance of
law and order and protection of rights
A. Consent
B. Morality 24. The term ‘state’ as drawn from the word
C. General Will ‘status’ was for the first time used by:________?
D. Force

18. Who said that ‘State is a society of societies’? A. The Greeks

B. The Germans
C. The Teutons
A. A.D. Lindsay D. The Romans
B. H.J.Laski
C. Aristotle 25. Who said “The state is prior to the
D. None of the above individual just as a whole is prior to its parts”:

19. According to Locke, the State of Nature was A. Herbert Spencer

given up because: B. Laski
C. Karl Marx
A. It was a condition of war of each against all D. Aristotle
B. Man was unsocial, solitary and poor
C. There were some inconveniences 26. Who of the following first of all propounded
D. Man was basically good but the growth of the organic theory of state?
civilization corrupted him
A. Machiavelli
20. The state is both the child and the parent of B. Plato
law” because: C. Marx
D. Herbert Spencer
A. The constitutional law defines the duties of
ultimate authority 27. How is the change in government in modern
B. The state creates elaborate system of rights states carried out?
and obligations
C. These laws are made by the state for and on A. Through violence and bloodshed
behalf of the community B. Through elections and smooth transfer of
D. The state can enforce laws against their power
enforcement against itself. C. Through compromise and electoral adjustments
among the competing forces
21. Which one of the following is the popular D. By bringing all aspects of life to a standstill
notion of state in modern times?
28. Who defined state as “a community of
A. Legal notion persons more or less numerous, permanently
B. Ethical Notion occupying a difinite portion of territory
C. Constitutional notion independent or nearly so of external control,
D. Welfare nation and possessing an organized government to
which the great body of inhabitants render
22. Will, not force, is the basis of state’ was habitual obedience”?
stated by:_________?
A. Woodrow Wilson
A. Hegel B. Garner
B. Bosanquet C. MacIver

2
D. Holland C. Marxists
D. Anarchists
29. Who defined state as ‘a union of families and
villages having for its end a perfect and self- 36. The view that the state is a necessary evil is
sufficing life by which we mean a happy and associated with:___________?
honourble life:
A. Individualists
A. Plato B. Anarchists
B. Aristotle C. Marxists
C. Hobbes D. Sophists
D. Barker
37. Who said ‘Man is a social animal’?
30. Which one of the following statements is
correct? A. Aristotle
B. Plato
A. The scope of state activity is narrower than C. Rousseau
the society D. Laski
B. The scope of state activity is broader than the
society 38. The statement that the state is an ethical
C. The scope of the activities of state and society is institution which is indispensable for the full
identical moral development of man is attributed
D. No comparison is possible between the activities to:_________?
of the state and the society.
A. Individualists
31. The State is: ____________? B. Anarchists
C. Idealists
A. A cultural association D. Marxists
B. A philanthropic association
C. An ethical association 39. A person can be a member of:_________?
D. A compulsory association
A. Not more than two states at a time
32. Who said that “the state is expansion of B. Only one state at a time
family”? C. Not more than three states at a time
D. Can be member of any number of states
A. Plato
B. Aristotle 40. The Marxist hold that:___________?
C. Locke
D. Newton A. The state is a class structure
B. State represents only the workers
33. The modern state is: ________? C. State represents the entire community
D. State is a power system.
A. National state
B. International state 41. The statement that’ “A man who lives
C. Regional state outside the Polis is either a beast or a god” is
D. Federal state attributed to:____________?
A. Plato
34. The term ‘city state’ is used B. Aristotle
for:____________? C. Hobbes
D. Hegel
A. The states in ancient Greece
B. The local government bodies England 42. According to Aristotle:
C. Small states of modern times
D. The states of a federation A. State is a divine institution
B. State is an artificial creation
35. The view that the state is an executive C. State is a creation of force
committee of the exploiting class is associated D. State is a natural institution
with:
43. A state must possess: _________________?
A. Individualists
B. Idealists A. A democratic government

3
B. Parliamentary government
C. Presidential government 51. Which one of the following is not an element
D. Some kind of government of state?

44. The largest state in terms of territory A. Population

is:___________? B. Religion
A. China C. Territory
B. India D. Sovereignty
C. USA
D. Soviet Union 52. Which one of the following writers does not
consider territory as an essential element of
45. The largest state in terms of population state?
is___________?
A. Aristotle
A. USA B. Hobbes
B. USSR C. Seeley
C. India D. JH.J. Laski
D. China
53. Rousseau believed that an ideal state should
46. The term territorial water consist of:___________?
means:_____________?
A. 10,000 persons
A. The water found within the country in the shape B. 50,000 persons
of rivers and lakes C. 27,000 persons
B. The water secured from other countries D. did not fix any number
C. The water, which is supplied to other countries
D. Water of sea located close to the coast of a 54. Plato fixed the population of an ideal state
country at:____________?

47. The territory of a state consists A. 1,900 persons

of:___________? B. 5,040 persons
C. 10,000 persons
A. Land D. 1,00,000 person
B. Land and sea
C. Land, rivers and mountains 55. The state consists of:__________?
D. Land, territorial water and air space
A. Four elements
48. The four essential elements of the state B. Five elements
are:____________? C. Three elements
D. Nine elements
A. Population, territory, government and army
B. Population, territory, government and nationality 56. The term state in the modern sense was for
C. Sovereignty, government, religion and the first time used by:_________?
population
D. Population, territory, government and A. Aristotle
soverignty B. Machiavelli
C. Hobbes
49. Which one of the following is not a state? D. T.H. Green

A. Bhutan 57. The term ‘City State’ is generally associated

B. Burma with:_____________?
C. Sikkim
D. Bangladesh A. Ancient Egypt
B. Ancient Greece
50. Which one of the following is a state? C. Ancient China
D. None of the above
A. Burma
B. Punjab 58. Who of the following is champion of
C. Commonwealth of Nations traditional approach about state problems?
D. United Nations Organisation.

4
A. Almond C. Definite territory
B. Dahl D. Necessity of rules and regulations
C. Easton
D. Machiavelli 66. In order to write ‘Politics’ which deals with
state, Aristotle compared :
59. Who of the following has laid stress on inter-
disciplinary approach about the study of the A. 157 Constitutions
problems of state? B. 158 Constitutions
C. 159 Constitutions
A. Hobbes D. 160 Constitutions
B. Machiavelli E. 61 Constitution
C. T.H. Green
D. Easton 67. Plato who elaborately dealt with state
belonged to:
60. About State Aristotle believed that it
was:__________? A. Egypt
B. India
A. Natural C. Greece
B. Artificial D. Rome
C. Imposed
D. Contractual. 68. In our modern times trend is towards:

61. Who of the following believe that the state all A. Nation state
along has been protecting the interests of the B. City state
rich? C. State with small population
D. State with small areas
A. The capitalists
B. The Marxists 69. City States’ were common in
C. The Idealists ancient:_________________?
D. The Fabian Socialists
A. Greece
62. The sterm’ City-State’ denotes: B. Rome
C. Pakistan
A. States of a federation D. China
B. Small independent states of modern world
C. States, which have not been admitted in the 70. Which of the following is true about scope of
UNO the activity as compared with the society?
D. States of ancient Greece
A. It is broader
63. Who of the following believe that the state is B. It is identical
bound to wither away? C. There is no comparison between the two
D. It is narrower.
A. Guild Socialists
B. Syndicalists 71. Which of the following is the distinguishing
C. Anarchists characteristic of State, as compared with other
D. Marxists associations?

64. Who of the following believe that the state is A. Population

a necessary evil? B. Territory
C. Government
A. Marxists D. Sovereignty
B. Individualists
C. Anarchists 72. Which of the following is not true about
D. Socialists difference between the State and the
Government?
65. Which of the following is not an essential
element of association? A. The will of the State is expressed through
Government
A. Optional membership B. The State is concrete while the Government is
B. Definite and common purpose abstract

5
C. The State has original whereas Government has does
delegated powers B. Society came prior to state
D. The State is large whereas Government is a C. Both have no territorial jurisdictions
small body. D. State has sovereignty whereas society does not
possess it
73. Who said that ‘stte is a community
permanently established for a political end’? 80. Which of the following is not true about the
state and Government?
A. Hall
B. Laski A. Loyalty to both is most essential
C. Woodrow Wilson B. State has one whereas Government has several
D. McIver forms
C. State is more comprehensive than the
74. These days recognition to the new born state Government
is given by a state when: D. None of the above.

A. It possesses all the four essential elements
B. When other nations begin to recognise it
C. When the state concerned fights a big war
D. When it is politically convenient for state
giving recognition.
75. These days for studying problems of state
the approach followed is:
A. Traditional
B. Disciplinary
C. Inter-disciplinary
D. None of the above
76. Main difference between the state and the
Government is that:
A. One has horizontal jurisdictions while the
other has not
B. Both do not work for the welfare of the people
C. Both are not well organized
D. Both do not touch many aspects of human life
81. Which of the following is not true about state
and association?
A. Membership of state is compulsory whereas that
of the other is not
B. Membership of the state cannot be left whereas
that of the association can be
C. State has fixed territory whereas association has
not
D. Both the state and the association are
permanent bodies
82. About the state and study of political
problems the Behaviouralists believe:
A. Scope of state activity is narrow
B. For studying poliitical problem approach may be
disciplinary
C. State should not interfere in social life of the
people
D. Inter-disciplinary approach should be
followed

77. Who said that a nation is a body of men who 83. A state becomes a state only if:
cherish a common will and tend to have a
separate state? A. It is recognised by majority of the members of
the UNO
A. Plato B. It is recognised by all the states
B. Aristotle C. It is recognised by at least ten sovereign states
C. Barker D. None of the above
D. Masaca
84. Membership of state is:
78. Technically speaking which one of the
following cannot be termed as state? A. Compulsory
B. Voluntary
A. Lahore C. Unnecessary
B. U.S.A. D. Not desirable
C. U.S.S.R.
D. Bangladesh 85. The view that the state is an unmitigated evil
is attributed to:____________?
79. Which of the following is not true about the
state and society? A. Idealists
B. Individualists
A. State does not have all aspects of life but society C. Socialists

6
D. Anarchists C. The state is a particular portion of mankind
viewed as an organized unit
86. A secular state is one which D. The state is a politically organised community
is:____________? with a definite territory.

A. Irreligious 93. Which group of the following thinkers

B. Anti-religious emphasised the legal notion of state?
C. Pro-religious
D. Has no religious of its own A. Aristotle, Plato, Hobbes and Bentham
B. Bodin, Hobbes, Bentham and Laski
87. Who said that the state comes into existence C. Bodin, Austin, Hobbes, Bentham
for the sake of life and continues for the sake of D. Aristotle, Austin, Laki and Hobbes
good life?
94. The legal notion of state’ has been discarded
A. Aristotle in lodern times because:
B. Plato
C. Cicero A. It emphasizes only the negative functions of
D. Machiavelli states
B. It over-emphasizes the role of the law in the
88. Who said: “A state is that agency in a society governance of the state
that is authorised to exercise coercive control C. It subordinates the laws, which represent
within a territory”. cumulated wisdom of several generations, to te will
of the people
A. MaclIver D. Of all the above factors
B. Anderson and Parker
C. Durkheim 95. Who regarded the state as an instrument of
D. Max Weber exploitation of one class by another?

89. Who said “I am the State”. A. Plato

B. Aristotle
A. James II of England C. Grotious
B. Napoleon I of France D. Marx
C. Louis XIV of France
D. Hitler of Germany 96. Who regarded the state as the highest
embodiment of morality?
90. The organic theory of state
holds:__________________? A. Aristotle
B. Kant
A. The state is the result of a social contract C. Marx
B. The state is a divine creation D. All the above
C. The state is the result of force
D. The state is a living organism, rather a living 97. Which one of the following statements is
spiritual being. correct?
A. State and nation are identical
91. The state is primarily a:_________? B. State and nation are opposed to each other
C. Homogeneity is an essential feature of state
A. Social association D. Nation is a territorial community
B. Economic association
C. Political association 98. Which one of the following statements is not
D. Socio-economic-cum-political association correct?

92. Which one of the following statements is A. State is an association of associations

associated with Aristotle?
A. The state is an association of families and their
common possessions, governed by a supreme
power and by reason.
B. The state is a union of families and villages
having for its end a perfect and self-sufficing
life.
B. The state is a territorial institution
C. The membership of the state is open to all
D. State is not a permanent association
99. Which one of the following statements is
correct?
A. Society is a creation of state
B. Society receives its power from state

7
C. Society is prior to the state
D. Society is a territorial Organisation
100. Which one of the following statements is
correct?
A. An individual has to be loyal to state
B. An individual may be disloyal to state but he has
to be loyal to the government
C. An individual has to be loyal to the Parliament
D. None of these.
101. Which one of the following statements is
correct?
A. The government is the master while the state is
its agent
B. The state is the master while the government
is its agent
C. Government and state are one and the same
thing
D. The authority of the state is limited while that of
the government is unlimted
102. Which one of the following statements is
true about society?
A. It is creation of state
B. It came along with state
C. It came after state
D. It came prior to state
103. Which of the following is true about state?
A. It is not permanent
B. It is only a cultural association
C. It has territorial limits
D. It has only limited membership
104. Which one of the following methods for the
study of problems of State of his times was used
by Aristotle?
A. Inductive
B. Deductive
C. Philosophical
D. Comparative
105. A state becomes an internationally
recognised state only when:
A. It has acquired vast armies
B. Its natureal resources have come to be known
and exploited
C. It possesses territory and population big enough
to meet its needs
D. It is admitted in the family of nations
106. Who said that ‘nation is a nationality which
has organised itself into a political body desiring
8
to be independent’?
A. MacLver
B. Nimkoff and Ogburn
C. Barker
D. James Mill
107. Compared with society, scope of state
activity is ____________?
A. Wider
B. Narrow
C. Just equal
D. No comparison between the two
108. Main difference between the state and
association is that?
A. One can’t be member of both
B. One can’t live without the other
C. One can use force while other cannot
D. One is hindrance on the parth of the other
109. The most acceptable definition of state that
it has four exxential ingredients was given by
____________?
A. Garnet
B. Gettell
C. Finer
D. Laski
110. Which of the following is true about
difference between the State and Government?
A. Origin of both is shrouded in mystery
B. Loyalty of both is essential
C. Changes in the State do not come frequently
whereas in the Government these are frequent
D. Sovereignty vests in the both.
111. The Labour theory of property implies
that:
A. The property is created by the combination of
capital and labour
B. The capital is the major factor for the
determination of the property
C. The property is acquired through the
application of labour
D. None of the above
112. According to the ‘occupational theory of
property’ the property made its appearance
only:
A. With the emergence of various occupations
B. With the growth of capitalist economy
C. After man occupied a piece of land for his
exclusive use
D. With the dawn of the industrial age A. It helps in the development of fine arts
B. It develops a sense of confidence in people
113. “Property is essential for the development C. It checks exploitation
of character, for without some property there D. It develops a sense of respobsibility among
can be no liberty, and without liberty there can owners
be no proper development of character”. The E. It helps in political stability
above statement was made
by:_______________? 120. Which one of the following is not true about
Anarchists views about private property?
A. Bentham
B. Aristotle A. It helps capitalists in squeezing the blood of the
C. Bosanquet poor
D. T.H. Green B. It promotes selfish interests
C. It helps in producing socially useful goods
114. Right to property is considered: D. It does not care for social needs
E. It sacrifices the interests of majority for the sake
A. Religious right of minority.
B. Economic right
C. Civil right 121. Which one of the following is not true about
D. Political right Anarchists views about private property?
E. Moral right
A. It is creating anarchy in production
115. Who of the following believed that private B. It protects the interests of the rich
property was needed for the development of C. It protects the interests of all the sections of
individual’s personality? society
D. It should be altogether abolished
A. Karl Marx
B. J.S. Mill 122. Which of the following is not a correct
C. Proudhan statement about Godwin’s views about
D. Godwin property?
E. Bakunin
A. It is root cause of many evils
116. Who of the following believed that private B. It hampers social progress
property in the society came as a serpent? C. It should be retained with some restrictions
D. It should be abolished
A. John Huss E. Its abolition will end many social evils
B. Wycliff
C. Machiavelli 123. In his Republic Plato has said about private
D. Melanchthan property that:
E. Rousseau
A. It should be socialised
117. Which of the following is not true about B. It should be possessed by ruling classes
Kant’s views about private property? C. It should be owned by citizens and slaves both
D. It should be owned by citizens alone
A. It was essential for every individual E. There should be nothing like private property
B. It was natural right of man
C. It was socially accepted right
D. All property was owned by the sovereign 124. Which of the following statements is not
true about Bakunin’s views about property?
118. According to Syndicalists in their society of
the future private property: A. It is root cause of many evils
B. It is instrument of exploitation
A. Will altogether be abolished C. State could not exist without it
B. Will be retained under trusteeship control D. It made millions happy and joyous
C. Will be managed by the church E. It provides superfluous luxury to few
D. Will be accepted as a natural right
125. Which one of the following is not ‘true’
119. Which of the following is not true about about private property?
private property?

9
A. It has checked incentive and initiative A. Hobbes
B. It has divided society in classess B. Locke
C. It has promoted social disharmony C. Austin
D. It has deprived the poor of their pleasure D. Marx
E. It has made the rich richer and poor still poorer
133. The Legal theory of property believes that:
126. Which one of the following is not true about
Laski’s views about private property? A. Property is a natural right and law merely
recognises it:
A. It halps man in expressing his personality B. Property is the creation of state
B. It helps in the advancement of civilisation C. A person can be deprived of his property for the
C. It checks healthy competition good of the community
D. It promotes confidence and responsibility D. The legal ownership of all property vests in the
E. It helps in the promotion of culture head of the state

127. Which of the following is not true about 134. The liberal thinkers of the nineteenth
private property? century were:

A. It divides society A. Opposed to right to private property

B. It creates an idle class B. In favour of limited right to property only
C. It promotes corruption in society C. In favour of absolute right to private
D. It checks social evils and corruptions property
E. It helps in floating dishonest enterprises D. In favour of equitable distribution property

128. The concept of property: 135. With the emergence of the walfare state,
emphasis begain to be laid on
A. Has been known to the people since the
earliest times A. Absolute right to private property
B. Came into existence in the 5th century AD. B. Regulation of property in the interest of
C. Came into existence in the wake of industrial community
revolution C. Abolition of right to private property
D. Came into existence in the wake of large scale D. None of the above
production
136. Which one of the following statements is
129. The idea of private property emerged: not correct?
A. Private property leads to exonomic equality
A. After the industrial revolution B. Private property ecourages exploitation of the
B. After people started leading settled life one class by another
C. After the creation of the state C. Private property leads to moral and physical
D. After the glorious revolution degeneration
D. Private property gave rise to imperlialism and
130.Who said that property is the source of colonialism
power?
A. Machiavelli 137. The Labour theory of property was first of
B. Aristotle all advocated by:
C. Plato
D. Laski. A. John Locke
B. Adam Smith
C. Karl Marx
131. Who of the followings opposed private D. Lenin
property?
138. The labour theory of property holds that:
A. Anarchists A. Property should belong to labours alone
B. Communists B. Property was created as result of mixing of
C. Individualists labour
D. None of the above C. Property should be equitably distributed
amongst the lobourers
132. The Legal theory of property is associated D. A person who does not put in Physical labour
with______________? should not be give anything to eat

10
139. According to the Individualistic theory of B. Plato
property: C. Laski
D. All the above
A. Property should be equally distributed amongst
all the individuals 146. The rationale of the right to property is
B. An individual should be left free to acquire as identifiable in three of the following nations.
much property as he can Identify the notion which does not belong to this
C. The state should ensure equitable distribution of group?
property through law
D. Property is a divine eift to man. A. The measure of property nature has endowed to
man is in keeping with his Labour and convenience
140. The view that “all property is theift” was of life
expressed by: B. The right to property is in consonance with
divine dispensation
A. J.S. Mill C. The property nature has given to man is his own
B. Adam Smith and nobody has any right to it but himself
C. Marx D. Since man tills, plants, improves and cultivates
D. Proudhon. property and can use the product of each property,
it is his own

141. Landed property was a symbol of social 147. According to the idealists:
status during:
A. All property is theft
A. Ancient times B. Property is respobsible for the division of
B. Medieval times society into two groups haves and have nots
C. Modern times C. Property hinders the development of a man’s
D. All of the above personality
D. Property is essential for the development of a
142. Which one of the following thinkers man’s personality
defended right to property on the ground of its
utility? 148. “That with which a man has mixed his
labour becomes his property”. The above
A. Bentham statement was made by:
B. Kant A. Rousseau
C. Marx B. Karl Marx
D. Laski C. Locke
D. Hobbes
143. Laski opposed inheritance of private
property on the ground? 149. The difference between the value of
commodity produced by a labourer and the
A. It leads to stagnation of country’s economy wages received, by him is known as
B. It encourages the children to lead life of
luxury without working A. Property
C. It gives rise to tension among various claimants B. Surplus value
D. On all the above grounds C. Capital
D. Savings
144. Which one of the following is not in keeping
with Laski’s views on property? 150. The individualists regard the right to
property as:____________?
A. The property owned by most people is not
commensurate with the duties performed by them A. Root of all evils
B. Property leads to wasteful production under a B. A fundamental right
capitalist system C. An absolute right
C. Inherited property is morally justified D. None of the above.
D. The property is the reward for labour

145. Which one of the following thinkers did not 151. According to Aristotle the best method for
favour the rulers to own property? holding of property was:____________?

A. Aristotle A. State ownership

11
B. Common ownership and common use
C. Individual ownership and common use
D. Individual ownership and private use
152. Who of the followings first of all advocated
‘communism of property’.
A. Plato
B. Marx
C. Engels
D. Proudhon
153. Which one of the following was a strong
opponent of the right to private property?
A. Locke
B. Hobbes
C. Mao Tse Tung
D. Adam Smith
154. Which one of the followings has been
wrongly listed as a merit of private property?
A. It provides incentive to worker
B. It leads to division of labour and great
production
C. It provide if sense of pleasure
D. It provides incentive to the developments of z
art, seience, literature, etc.
155. Who said that state did not create property,
but was it created in order to protect it?
A. John Locke
B. T.H. Green
C. Karl Marx
D. H.J Laski
156. According to the Marxists, in an ideal or
Communist society there shall be:__________?
A. Absolute right to private property
B. No right to private property
C. Only limited right to private property
D. Only right ot personal property
157. Laski was in favour of:____________?
A. Absolute tight to property
B. Abolition of all property
C. Happy blinding of right to property
D. None of the above
158. According to Plato:
A. The individual should be given right to have
private property
B. There should be communism of private
property
C. Private property should be owned by
philosopher king only
D. Only the few in power should possess private
12
property
159. According to St. Augustine property
was:____________?
A. Natural institution
B. Conventional institution
C. Economic institution
D. Political institution
E. Religious institution
160. Which one of the following is true about
John of Paris views about private property?
A. King had no right to regulate property
B. Church should possess maximum property
C. King should respect the sentiments of the
owners
D. Pope was the owner and not custodian of
property.
161. John Huss had his views about property.
Which one of the following is true about him?
A. It helped church in the performance of its duties
B. It stood on the way of church in the
performance of duties
C. Church should not be deprived of its property
D. The king had no right to deprive the church of
its property
E. None of the above
162. During reformation period the thinkers
believed that:_____________?
A. Church should have maximum property
B. Church should be deprived of its property
C. Property of church should be regulated
D. King should interfere in the affairs of the church
E. None of the above
163. Which one of the following statements is
true about Melanchthan’s views about
property?
A. It is based on natural law
B. It is based on religious law
C. State was not justified in confiscating property
of church
D. State had no right to confiscate property earned
even by unethical means
E. No individual had a right to hold private
property
164. According to Individualists property:
A. Is a divine institution
B. State should distribute all property
C. State control over it should be absolute
D. Acquisition should be left to individual
E. State should have nothing to do with property

165. Who of the following is associated with
Idealist theory of property?
A. Bodin
B. Machiavelli
C. Bakunin
D. Kant
E. Godwin
166. Which one of the following is true about
Kant’s views about private property?
A. It should be enough for meeting social needs
B. It was individual’s right against each other
C. It was no a right of individual against nature
D. It was not given by society to its members
167. Which one of the following is true about
Liberals views about private property?
A. Individual should have no right to own it
B. State has right to confiscate it without payment
of compensation
C. It should be under state control
D. State should pay compensation for its
acquisition
E. It should altogether be abolished
168. Which of the following is not true about
Syndicalists views about private property?
A. It will be managed by syndicates
B. Syndicates shall be its owners
C. It will be owned by the society
D. Society will decide about means of production
E. Elected representatives should protect private
property
169. Who of the following does not favour the
idea of retention of private property, who is he?
A. Machiavelli
B. Bakunin
C. J.S. Mill
D. T.H. Green
170. According to Anarchists private
property:_______________?
A. Should be retained under state control
B. Should be placed under the control of few wise
C. It is cause of many social evils
D. Has helped the poor at the time of necessity.
171. Which one of the following is not true about
private property?
A. It has resulted in exploitation
B. It makes the people selfish
C. It has helped in the development of civilisation
D. It has checked division of society into classes
13
E. It has given incentive to people to work hard
172. Who of the following is not associated with
Anarchists views about property?
A. T.H.Green
B. Godwin
C. Proudhan
D. Bakunin
173. Which of the following thinkers advocated
the abolition of private property?
A. Locke
B. Green
C. Mill
D. Rousseau
E. Karl Marx
174. With whom is the statement that: “The
man who after enclosing a piece of land said,
‘this is mine’ was the founder of society”
associated?
A. Green
B. Rousseau
C. Machiavelli
D. Proudhan
175. Which of the following is true about
Proudhan’s views about property?
A. State noes not sustain private property
B. It should be retained under state control
C. It promoted monopolistic tendencies
D. It was not a theft
E. It was social necessity for social development
176. Which one of the following is not applicable
to Russell’s about his views about private
property?
A. He condemns this old institution
B. It is theft
C. It is based on violence
D. It divided society
E. It helped in the unity of community
177. Which one of the following is not true about
Russell’s views about private property?
A. It is legal institution
B. It is protected by state
C. It creates misery among people
D. It makes man oppressor
E. It devoid man of the values of pleausre
178. Which of the following is not true about
Liberals about private property?
A. It gives rise to love for charity and culture
B. It is reward for labour
C. The state has no right to regulate it A. J.S. Mill
D. Individual should be paid compensation for B. Adam Smith
state’s taking away one’s private property C. Kant
E. The people should have limited right over D. Bakunin
property
186. Who said property is necessary for the
179. Which one of the following is not true about realisation of one’s will?
Laski’s views about private property?
A. Marx
A. There should be no payment of compensation B. Kant
for property taken over by the state C. Rousseau
B. Everybody should have a right to keep legally D. Plato
earned property
C. It created many economic problems 187. The Individualistic Theory of property is
D. It is psychologically inadequate associated with:
E. It is morally incomplete A. Hobbes
B. J.S. Mill
180. The property is the creation of: C. Adam Smith
D. TH. Green
A. State
B. Government 188. The Socialist theory of property
C. Adventurist businessmen is:____________?
D. Co-operative endeavour. A. In favour of equitable distribution of
property
B. In favour of equitable distribution of property
181. The idea of trusteeship of private property C. In favour of state control over all property
emerged with: D. In favour of absolute right to property
A. People taking to agriculture
B. Rise of landed class 189. According to the idealistic theory of
C. Spread of Christianity property:
D. Establishment of constitutional monarchy A. Private property is a gift from God
B. All private property is theft
182. Who of the followings considered property C. Property is an essential condition for the
as natural? fulfilment of personality
A. Aristotle D. Private property is the cause of social
B. Plato inequalities
C. Marx
D. Rousseau 190. The idealistic theory of property is
associated with the name of:
183. The natural theory of property helds
that:_________________? A. Locke
A. Property was one of the first rights granted after B. Bentham
the creation of the state C. Kant
B. Right to property existed prior to the creation D. Marx.
of the state
C. Right to property is granted because it is
considered natural for a citizen’s drvelopment 191. The modern liberals are:
D. Right to property was granted by God A. Opposed to private property
B. In favour of absolute right to private property
184. Which one of the following thinkers C. In favour of common ownership of property
challenged the right of the stte to curtail D. In favour of regulation of property in larger
individual’s right to property without his interests of the seciety
consent?
A. Hobbes 192. Which ‘one the arguments in favour of
B. Locke private property given below, has been wrongly
C. Rousseau listed?
D. All the above three thinkers A. Right to private property is in keeping with
the principle of equality
185. Who of the followings was opposed to B. Private property gives incentive to the individual
private property? to work hard

14
C. Private property gives a sense of security
D. Private property promotes qualities of charity
and benevolence A. An individual has to be loyal to state
B. An individual may be disloyal to state but he
193. The Liberals are in favour of: has to be loyal to the government
___________?
A. Confiscation of all private property C. An individual has to be loyal to the
B. Acquisition of property with compensation Parliament
C. Confiscation of property with nomical
compensation D. None of these.
D. Abolition of all private property

194. The general opinion at present it is favour
of:
A. Abolition of all private property
B. Absolute rights to property
C. Right to property within limitations
D. None of the above
195. The best exposition of Marxian concept of
private property is available in:___________?
101. Which one of the following statements is
correct?
A. The government is the master while the state
is its agent
B. The state is the master while the government
is its agent

A. Das Capital C. Government and state are one and the same
B. Communist Manifesto thing
C. State and Revolution
D. The Origin of Family Private property and D. The authority of the state is limited while that
the State of the government is unlimted

196. Who believed that private property is

essential for the development of individual’s 102. Which one of the following statements is
personality? true about society?
A. Karl Marx
B. Proudhon
C. J.S. Mill A. It is creation of state
D. Engels
B. It came along with state
197. Who was the author of The Origin of
Family, Private Property and the State? C. It came after state
D. It came prior to state
A. Karl Marx
B. Engels
C. Stalin
D. Lenin 103. Which of the following is true about state?

198. The theory of surplus value is associated

with: A. It is not permanent
A. J.S. Mill
B. Herbert Spencer B. It is only a cultural association
C. Adam Smith
D. Karl Marx C. It has territorial limits
D. It has only limited membership
199. The Marxian thinkers are:
A. Opposed to all kinds of property
B. Opposed only to personal property
C. Opposed only to private property 104. Which one of the following methods for the
D. In favour of both personal as well as private study of problems of State of his times was used
property by Aristotle?

100. Which one of the following statements is

correct? A. Inductive

15
B. Deductive
C. Philosophical 109. The most acceptable definition of state that
it has four exxential ingredients was given by
D. Comparative ____________?

105. A state becomes an internationally A. Garnet

recognised state only when:
B. Gettell
C. Finer
A. It has acquired vast armies
D. Laski
B. Its natureal resources have come to be known
and exploited
C. It possesses territory and population big 110. Which of the following is true about
enough to meet its needs difference between the State and Government?
D. It is admitted in the family of nations
A. Origin of both is shrouded in mystery
106. Who said that ‘nation is a nationality which B. Loyalty of both is essential
has organised itself into a political body desiring
to be independent’? C. Changes in the State do not come frequently
whereas in the Government these are frequent
D. Sovereignty vests in the both.
A. MacLver
B. Nimkoff and Ogburn
C. Barker
111. The Labour theory of property implies
D. James Mill that:

107. Compared with society, scope of state A. The property is created by the combination
activity is ____________? of capital and labour
B. The capital is the major factor for the
determination of the property
A. Wider
C. The property is acquired through the
B. Narrow application of labour
C. Just equal D. None of the above
D. No comparison between the two

112. According to the ‘occupational theory of

108. Main difference between the state and property’ the property made its appearance
association is that? only:

A. One can’t be member of both A. With the emergence of various occupations

B. One can’t live without the other B. With the growth of capitalist economy

C. One can use force while other cannot C. After man occupied a piece of land for his
exclusive use
D. One is hindrance on the parth of the other
D. With the dawn of the industrial age

16
113. “Property is essential for the development 117. Which of the following is not true about
of character, for without some property there Kant’s views about private property?
can be no liberty, and without liberty there can
be no proper development of character”. The
above statement was made A. It was essential for every individual
by:_______________?
B. It was natural right of man
C. It was socially accepted right
A. Bentham
D. All property was owned by the sovereign
B. Aristotle
C. Bosanquet
118. According to Syndicalists in their society of
D. T.H. Green the future private property:

114. Right to property is considered: A. Will altogether be abolished

B. Will be retained under trusteeship control
A. Religious right C. Will be managed by the church
B. Economic right D. Will be accepted as a natural right
C. Civil right
D. Political right 119. Which of the following is not true about
E. Moral right private property?

115. Who of the following believed that private A. It helps in the development of fine arts
property was needed for the development of B. It develops a sense of confidence in people
individual’s personality?
C. It checks exploitation
D. It develops a sense of respobsibility among
A. Karl Marx owners
B. J.S. Mill E. It helps in political stability
C. Proudhan
D. Godwin 120. Which one of the following is not true about
E. Bakunin Anarchists views about private property?

116. Who of the following believed that private A. It helps capitalists in squeezing the blood of
property in the society came as a serpent? the poor
B. It promotes selfish interests

A. John Huss C. It helps in producing socially useful goods

B. Wycliff D. It does not care for social needs

C. Machiavelli E. It sacrifices the interests of majority for the

sake of minority.
D. Melanchthan
E. Rousseau

17
121. Which one of the following is not true about
Anarchists views about private property?
A. It is creating anarchy in production
B. It protects the interests of the rich
C. It protects the interests of all the sections of
society
D. It should be altogether abolished
122. Which of the following is not a correct
statement about Godwin’s views about
property?
A. It is root cause of many evils
B. It hampers social progress
C. It should be retained with some restrictions
D. It should be abolished
E. Its abolition will end many social evils
123. In his Republic Plato has said about private
property that:
A. It should be socialised
B. It should be possessed by ruling classes
C. It should be owned by citizens and slaves
both
D. It should be owned by citizens alone
E. There should be nothing like private property
124. Which of the following statements is not
true about Bakunin’s views about property?
A. It is root cause of many evils
B. It is instrument of exploitation
C. State could not exist without it
D. It made millions happy and joyous
E. It provides superfluous luxury to few
18
125. Which one of the following is not ‘true’
about private property?
A. It has checked incentive and initiative
B. It has divided society in classess
C. It has promoted social disharmony
D. It has deprived the poor of their pleasure
E. It has made the rich richer and poor still
poorer
126. Which one of the following is not true about
Laski’s views about private property?
A. It halps man in expressing his personality
B. It helps in the advancement of civilisation
C. It checks healthy competition
D. It promotes confidence and responsibility
E. It helps in the promotion of culture
127. Which of the following is not true about
private property?
A. It divides society
B. It creates an idle class
C. It promotes corruption in society
D. It checks social evils and corruptions
E. It helps in floating dishonest enterprises
128. The concept of property:
A. Has been known to the people since the
earliest times
B. Came into existence in the 5th century AD.
C. Came into existence in the wake of industrial
revolution
D. Came into existence in the wake of large scale
production
129. The idea of private property emerged: D. The legal ownership of all property vests in
the head of the state

A. After the industrial revolution

134. The liberal thinkers of the nineteenth
B. After people started leading settled life century were:
C. After the creation of the state
D. After the glorious revolution A. Opposed to right to private property
B. In favour of limited right to property only
130.Who said that property is the source of C. In favour of absolute right to private
power? property
A. Machiavelli D. In favour of equitable distribution property
B. Aristotle
C. Plato 135. With the emergence of the walfare state,
D. Laski. emphasis begain to be laid on

A. Absolute right to private property

131. Who of the followings opposed private B. Regulation of property in the interest of
property? community
C. Abolition of right to private property

A. Anarchists D. None of the above

B. Communists
C. Individualists 136. Which one of the following statements is
not correct?
D. None of the above
A. Private property leads to exonomic equality
B. Private property ecourages exploitation of the
132. The Legal theory of property is associated one class by another
with______________?
C. Private property leads to moral and physical
degeneration

A. Hobbes D. Private property gave rise to imperlialism

and colonialism
B. Locke
C. Austin
137. The Labour theory of property was first of
D. Marx all advocated by:

133. The Legal theory of property believes that: A. John Locke

B. Adam Smith
A. Property is a natural right and law merely C. Karl Marx
recognises it:
D. Lenin
B. Property is the creation of state
C. A person can be deprived of his property for
the good of the community 138. The labour theory of property holds that:

19
A. Property should belong to labours alone A. Bentham
B. Property was created as result of mixing of B. Kant
labour
C. Marx
C. Property should be equitably distributed
amongst the lobourers D. Laski

D. A person who does not put in Physical labour

should not be give anything to eat 143. Laski opposed inheritance of private
property on the ground?

139. According to the Individualistic theory of

property:
A. Property should be equally distributed
amongst all the individuals
B. An individual should be left free to acquire as
much property as he can
C. The state should ensure equitable
distribution of property through law
D. Property is a divine eift to man.
A. It leads to stagnation of country’s economy
B. It encourages the children to lead life of
luxury without working
C. It gives rise to tension among various
claimants
D. On all the above grounds
144. Which one of the following is not in keeping
with Laski’s views on property?

140. The view that “all property is theift” was A. The property owned by most people is not
expressed by: commensurate with the duties performed by
them

A. J.S. Mill B. Property leads to wasteful production under

a capitalist system
B. Adam Smith
C. Inherited property is morally justified
C. Marx
D. The property is the reward for labour
D. Proudhon.

145. Which one of the following thinkers did not

favour the rulers to own property?
141. Landed property was a symbol of social
status during:
A. Aristotle
B. Plato
A. Ancient times
C. Laski
B. Medieval times
D. All the above
C. Modern times
D. All of the above
146. The rationale of the right to property is
identifiable in three of the following nations.
Identify the notion which does not belong to this
142. Which one of the following thinkers group?
defended right to property on the ground of its
utility?

20
A. The measure of property nature has endowed A. Root of all evils
to man is in keeping with his Labour and
convenience of life B. A fundamental right

B. The right to property is in consonance with C. An absolute right

divine dispensation D. None of the above.
C. The property nature has given to man is his
own and nobody has any right to it but himself
D. Since man tills, plants, improves and
cultivates property and can use the product of 151. According to Aristotle the best method for
each property, it is his own holding of property was:____________?

147. According to the idealists: A. State ownership

A. All property is theft
B. Property is respobsible for the division of
society into two groups haves and have nots
C. Property hinders the development of a man’s
personality
D. Property is essential for the development of a
man’s personality
B. Common ownership and common use
C. Individual ownership and common use
D. Individual ownership and private use
152. Who of the followings first of all advocated
‘communism of property’.
A. Plato

148. “That with which a man has mixed his B. Marx

labour becomes his property”. The above
C. Engels
statement was made by:
D. Proudhon
A. Rousseau
B. Karl Marx
153. Which one of the following was a strong
C. Locke
opponent of the right to private property?
D. Hobbes
A. Locke
B. Hobbes
149. The difference between the value of
C. Mao Tse Tung
commodity produced by a labourer and the
wages received, by him is known as D. Adam Smith

A. Property 154. Which one of the followings has been

wrongly listed as a merit of private property?
B. Surplus value
C. Capital
A. It provides incentive to worker
D. Savings
B. It leads to division of labour and great
production
150. The individualists regard the right to
C. It provide if sense of pleasure
property as:____________?
D. It provides incentive to the developments of z
art, seience, literature, etc.

21

155. Who said that state did not create property,
but was it created in order to protect it?
A. John Locke
B. T.H. Green
C. Karl Marx
D. H.J Laski
156. According to the Marxists, in an ideal or
Communist society there shall be:__________?
A. Absolute right to private property
B. No right to private property
C. Only limited right to private property
D. Only right ot personal property
157. Laski was in favour of:____________?
A. Absolute tight to property
B. Abolition of all property
C. Happy blinding of right to property
D. None of the above
158. According to Plato:
A. The individual should be given right to have
private property
B. There should be communism of private
property
C. Private property should be owned by
philosopher king only
D. Only the few in power should possess private
property
159. According to St. Augustine property
was:____________?
A. Natural institution
22
B. Conventional institution
C. Economic institution
D. Political institution
E. Religious institution
160. Which one of the following is true about
John of Paris views about private property?
A. King had no right to regulate property
B. Church should possess maximum property
C. King should respect the sentiments of the
owners
D. Pope was the owner and not custodian of
property.
161. John Huss had his views about property.
Which one of the following is true about him?
A. It helped church in the performance of its
duties
B. It stood on the way of church in the
performance of duties
C. Church should not be deprived of its
property
D. The king had no right to deprive the church
of its property
E. None of the above
162. During reformation period the thinkers
believed that:_____________?
A. Church should have maximum property
B. Church should be deprived of its property
C. Property of church should be regulated
D. King should interfere in the affairs of the
church
E. None of the above
163. Which one of the following statements is
true about Melanchthan’s views about
property?
A. It is based on natural law
B. It is based on religious law
C. State was not justified in confiscating
property of church
D. State had no right to confiscate property
earned even by unethical means
E. No individual had a right to hold private
property
164. According to Individualists property:
A. Is a divine institution
B. State should distribute all property
C. State control over it should be absolute
D. Acquisition should be left to individual
E. State should have nothing to do with property
165. Who of the following is associated with
Idealist theory of property?
A. Bodin
B. Machiavelli
C. Bakunin
D. Kant
E. Godwin
166. Which one of the following is true about
Kant’s views about private property?
A. It should be enough for meeting social needs
B. It was individual’s right against each other
C. It was no a right of individual against nature
D. It was not given by society to its members
167. Which one of the following is true about
Liberals views about private property?
A. Individual should have no right to own it
23
B. State has right to confiscate it without
payment of compensation
C. It should be under state control
D. State should pay compensation for its
acquisition
E. It should altogether be abolished
168. Which of the following is not true about
Syndicalists views about private property?
A. It will be managed by syndicates
B. Syndicates shall be its owners
C. It will be owned by the society
D. Society will decide about means of production
E. Elected representatives should protect private
property
169. Who of the following does not favour the
idea of retention of private property, who is he?
A. Machiavelli
B. Bakunin
C. J.S. Mill
D. T.H. Green
170. According to Anarchists private
property:_______________?
A. Should be retained under state control
B. Should be placed under the control of few
wise
C. It is cause of many social evils
D. Has helped the poor at the time of necessity.
171. Which one of the following is not true about
private property?
A. It has resulted in exploitation
B. It makes the people selfish
C. It has helped in the development of
civilisation
D. It has checked division of society into classes
E. It has given incentive to people to work hard
E. It was social necessity for social development
176. Which one of the following is not applicable
to Russell’s about his views about private
property?

172. Who of the following is not associated with

Anarchists views about property? A. He condemns this old institution
B. It is theft
A. T.H.Green C. It is based on violence
B. Godwin D. It divided society
C. Proudhan E. It helped in the unity of community
D. Bakunin
177. Which one of the following is not true about
Russell’s views about private property?
173. Which of the following thinkers advocated
the abolition of private property?
A. It is legal institution
A. Locke B. It is protected by state
B. Green C. It creates misery among people
C. Mill D. It makes man oppressor
D. Rousseau E. It devoid man of the values of pleausre
E. Karl Marx
178. Which of the following is not true about
Liberals about private property?
174. With whom is the statement that: “The
man who after enclosing a piece of land said, A. It gives rise to love for charity and culture
‘this is mine’ was the founder of society”
associated? B. It is reward for labour
C. The state has no right to regulate it

A. Green D. Individual should be paid compensation for

B. Rousseau
C. Machiavelli
D. Proudhan
175. Which of the following is true about
Proudhan’s views about property?
A. State noes not sustain private property
B. It should be retained under state control
C. It promoted monopolistic tendencies
D. It was not a theft
state’s taking away one’s private property
E. The people should have limited right over
property
179. Which one of the following is not true about
Laski’s views about private property?
A. There should be no payment of compensation
for property taken over by the state
B. Everybody should have a right to keep legally
earned property
C. It created many economic problems

24
D. It is psychologically inadequate A. Hobbes
E. It is morally incomplete B. Locke
C. Rousseau
180. The property is the creation of: D. All the above three thinkers

A. State 185. Who of the followings was opposed to

private property?
B. Government
A. J.S. Mill
C. Adventurist businessmen
B. Adam Smith
D. Co-operative endeavour.
C. Kant
D. Bakunin

181. The idea of trusteeship of private property

emerged with: 186. Who said property is necessary for the
realisation of one’s will?
A. People taking to agriculture
B. Rise of landed class
A. Marx
C. Spread of Christianity
B. Kant
D. Establishment of constitutional monarchy
C. Rousseau
D. Plato
182. Who of the followings considered property
as natural?
A. Aristotle 187. The Individualistic Theory of property is
associated with:
B. Plato
A. Hobbes
C. Marx
B. J.S. Mill
D. Rousseau
C. Adam Smith
D. TH. Green
183. The natural theory of property helds
that:_________________?
A. Property was one of the first rights granted 188. The Socialist theory of property
after the creation of the state is:____________?
B. Right to property existed prior to the creation A. In favour of equitable distribution of
of the state property
C. Right to property is granted because it is B. In favour of equitable distribution of
considered natural for a citizen’s drvelopment property
D. Right to property was granted by God C. In favour of state control over all property
D. In favour of absolute right to property
184. Which one of the following thinkers
challenged the right of the stte to curtail
individual’s right to property without his 189. According to the idealistic theory of
consent? property:

25
A. Private property is a gift from God
B. All private property is theft
C. Property is an essential condition for the
fulfilment of personality
D. Private property is the cause of social
inequalities
190. The idealistic theory of property is
associated with the name of:
D. Abolition of all private property
194. The general opinion at present it is favour
of:
A. Abolition of all private property
B. Absolute rights to property
C. Right to property within limitations
D. None of the above

A. Locke 195. The best exposition of Marxian concept of

private property is available in:___________?
B. Bentham
C. Kant
A. Das Capital
D. Marx.
B. Communist Manifesto
C. State and Revolution
D. The Origin of Family Private property and
191. The modern liberals are: the State
A. Opposed to private property
B. In favour of absolute right to private 196. Who believed that private property is
property essential for the development of individual’s
personality?
C. In favour of common ownership of property
A. Karl Marx
D. In favour of regulation of property in larger
interests of the seciety B. Proudhon
C. J.S. Mill
192. Which ‘one the arguments in favour of D. Engels
private property given below, has been wrongly
listed?
A. Right to private property is in keeping with 197. Who was the author of The Origin of
the principle of equality Family, Private Property and the State?

B. Private property gives incentive to the

individual to work hard A. Karl Marx
C. Private property gives a sense of security B. Engels
D. Private property promotes qualities of C. Stalin
charity and benevolence
D. Lenin

193. The Liberals are in favour of:

___________? 198. The theory of surplus value is associated
with:
A. Confiscation of all private property
A. J.S. Mill
B. Acquisition of property with compensation
B. Herbert Spencer
C. Confiscation of property with nomical
compensation

26
C. Adam Smith
D. Karl Marx
199. The Marxian thinkers are:
A. Opposed to all kinds of property
B. Opposed only to personal property
C. Opposed only to private property
D. In favour of both personal as well as private
property200. Which one of the following defects
of private has been wrongly listed?
A. It leads to division of society into two hostile
classes
B. It encourages self-interest at the cost of social
interest
C. It encourages scramble for power and wealth in
place of nutual co-operation
D. It leads to political instability.
201. There are certain writers who regarded the
possession of property as a necessary
qualification for franchise. One of them has
written, “It is important that the Assembly
which votes the taxes should be elected
exclusively by people who pay something
towards the taxes imposed. Those who pay no
taxes, disposing by their votes of other people’s
money, have every motive to be lavish and none
to economies.” Who said this?
A. Laski
B. Bryce
C. J.S. Mill
D. Barker
202. Aristotle described man’s instinct to
acquire property as: _____________?
A. A natural instinct
B. An unnatural instinct
C. A base-instinct
D. None of the above
203. Hobbes and Bentham were the supporters
of: ____________?
A. Legal Theory of Property
B. Socialistic Theory of Property
C. Idealistic Theory of Property
D. Natural Theory of Property
204. According to Laski ‘private property’
contributes to:__________?
A. The prosperity of the society
B. The development of society
C. The weakening of society
27
D. None of the above
205. The individualists are:
A. Staunch supporters of right to property
B. Strong opponents of the right to property
C. In favour of equitable distribution of private
property
D. In favour of common ownership of property’
206. Who said: “The citizen has a right to
work”?
A. Bentham
B. Marx
C. Lenin
D. Laski
207. The Labour theory of property made its
appearance in:__________?
A. The ancient times
B. The medieval age
C. The modern time
D. The 20th century
208. Who said. “A man readily forgives the
nurder of his father than the confiscation of his
property”.
A. Hobbes
B. Marx
C. Machiavelli
D. Aristotle
209. Which of the following is true about
Machiavelli’s views about property?
A. It should be abolished
B. It should be under church
C. It should be under state control
D. It should be used for collective welfare
E. There should be communism of property
210. According to Wycliff the church
should:__________?
A. Have maximum property
B. Own that the king allowed much property as
C. Own only limited property
D. Have no property at all
E. Use property for welfare of the poor.
211. Which one of the following is not true about
John of Paris wiews about property?
A. Priest should have maximum property
B. Priest should have only minimum necessary
property
C. General supervision of property should be in the
hands of the king
D. Pope was custodian of property
E. King had a right to regulate church property
212. Which one of the following is true about
Aristotle’s views about property?
A. It should be possessed by all
B. It should be under religious control
C. It should be managed by the king
D. There should be communism of property
213. Which one of the following statements is
correct?
A. Right to property is a natural right
B. Right to property needs the backing of society
C. Right to property needs no sanction of society
D. Right to private property is absolute
214. Which one of the following statements is
not correct?
A. Right to property implies the right to acquire,
destroy or give away property
B. Right to property has the sanction of society
behind it
C. Property can exist only in a stage
D. Property existed in the pre-civil society as
well
215. Who pleaded for the harmonization of
individual and collective interests?
A. Socialists
B. Early Liberal thinkers
C. Liberal writers of 20th century
D. All the above
216. The denial of right to a particular section of
society in the law-making and making process is
a violation of the principle of:____________?
A. Natural Justice
B. Political Justice
C. Legal justice has no relationship with
punishment
D. All the above
217. Which one of the following states is most
conducive to justice?
A. Socialist State
B. Democratic State
C. Aristocratic State
D. Authoritarian State
218. Who asserted that justice implies allotment
of functions to a person in accordance with his
ability and training?
A. Barker
B. Plato
C. Aristotle
D. None of the above
219. In which book Plato elaborated his theory
of justice?
A. Republic
B. Statesman
C. Laws
28
D. All the above books
220. Which theory of justice is based on the
principle ‘kill the sin and not the sinner’?
A. Retributive theory of justice
B. Reformative Theory
C. Deterrent Theory of Justice
D. None of the above.
221. Kautilya is associated with the exposition
of:
A. Legal Theory of Justice
B. Retributive Theory of Justice
C. Deterrent Theory of Justice
D. Reformative Theory of Justice
222. Socially, to Plato, Justice meant that:
A. A class should do its work in social carde or
political plane to which it was called by its
peculiar properties
B. Society should defend with all its might the right
of its members
C. All the members and groups of society should be
treated equal
D. There should be an elaborate system of law to
provide justice to the citizens
223. Aristotle speaks of two types of justice one,
particular justice and the other:
A. Social Justice
B. General justice
C. Distributive justice
D. Political justice
224. The world justice has been derived from
‘justitia’ which belong to language:
A. English
B. Latin
C. French
D. German
E. Roman
225. Which one of the following is not an
attribute of justice?
A. It deals with human beings
B. It means impartiality
C. It means rule of law
D. It means maintenance of discrimination
E. It means maintenance of unavoidable
discrimination
226. Which one of the following is not an
attribute of justice?
A. It means regard for personal dignity
B. It means equality before law
C. It means equality before law
D. It means development of personality
E. It means equal opportunities for all
227. It the primitive societies justice was based demolished
on:____________?
A. Perfect equality 234. Which one of the following is not true about
B. Rule of law legal aspect of justice?
C. Impartiality of judiciary A. Law is the main source of justice
D. Money which one paid to the judges B. Each individual is not entitled to protection
E. Tit for tat before law
C. Courts should be responsible for enforcing law
228. Which of the following is not true about D. It is closely linked with punishment
Plato’s concept of justice? E. Law should not discriminate on the basis of
caste and religion
A. He stressed only on inward aspect of human
personality 235. Fair and free participation in elections is
B. For him justice was a socail bond associated with:
C. For him justice should help in maintaining social A. Legal justice
order B. Social justice
D. It was based on citizen’s sense of duty C. Economic justice
E. None of the above D. Political justice
E. None of the above
229. What is justice according to Plato?
A. Equality before law 236. The chances of getting justice are available
B. Equal distribution of property in: ______________?
C. Equal religious freedom A. Parliamentary form of Government only
D. Right of every citizen to do what he qualified B. Presidential form of government only
E. What philosopher king though was right C. Aristocracies only
D. Democratic system of Government
230. Which one of the following is true about E. In monarchies only
modern state to ensure that people got justice?
237. Maximum stress about economic aspect of
A. It ensures impartiality of judiciary justice has been laid by:____________?
B. It provides strong police force A. Individualists
C. It opens employment exchanges B. Utilitarian
D. It does not interfere in the religious affairs of the C. Fascists
people D. Nazis
E. It guarantees right to expression. E. Socialists

231. Political justice is obtainable when the 238. Who of the following has tried to establish a
people have: close link between justice and liberty?
A. Freedom to worship A. Individualists
B. Freedom to held private property B. Marxists
C. Freedom to cast vote in the way they like C. Syndicalists
D. Freedom to have family life D. Anarchists
E. None of the above E. Liberals

232. During revolutionary period about justice 239. The term ‘justice’ has been drawn from the
stress was laid on: Latin term:____________?
A. Political aspect A. Just
B. Moral aspect B. Jus
C. Human aspect C. Joint
D. Philosophical aspect D. Judge
E. Economic aspect
240. Justice is essentially a: ___________?
233. Which one of the following is not true about A. Legal concept
Marxian concept of justice? B. Moral concept
A. The state ensured justice to the rich C. Social concept
B. The judicial system protected the rich D. Complex concept combining all the above
C. The poor had no chances to get justice and other concepts.
D. The poor could possibly get justice in
capitalist state 241. Justice means that:
E. The poor will get justice when present state is A. There cannot be any discrimination

29
B. There can be discrimination on just grounds
C. Discrimination can be made in accordance with 249. Economic dimensions of justice have been
majority view emphasized by:____________?
D. Discrimination can be made according to the A. Individualists
wishes of King B. Idealists
C. Socialists
242. Which one of the following thinkers D. All the three
interpreted justice as allotment of functions to
person in accordance with his ability and 250. The view that there is close relationship
training? between Justice and Equality is attributed
A. Aristotle to____________?
B. Plto A. Individualists
C. Barker B. Socialists
D. Laski C. Idealists
D. Anarchists.
243. The Concept of Justice:
A. Is very old 251. Which one of the following attributes of
B. Originated in the sixteenth century Justice has been wrongly listed below?
C. Originated in the twentieth century A. Justice is viewed in relation to human beings
D. Originated with the dawn of democracy B. Justice has a relation with equality
C. Justice has relation with liberty as well as
244. The principles of liberty, equity and equality
fraternity were let loose by:_____________? D. Justice does not permit discrimination under any
A. The Glorious Revolution of 1688 circumstances
B. The French Revolution of 1789
C. The American War of Independence 252. In the economic sphere justice implies:
D. The Russian Revolution of October, 1917 A. A person whould be permitted to keep the
unearned income
245. The concept of justice in the sense of B. Every body should be given same salary
greatest happiness of the greatest number was irrespective of the nature of job
popularized by:_________? C. There should be free play of economic forces in
A. Aristotle the society
B. Rousseau D. The basic needs of all the people must be met
C. Laski
D. Bentham 253. The idealist theory of Justice, which
emphasised the moral element of justice, was
246. According to the Mandan thinkers: first of all propounded by:___________?
A. Aristotle
A. There can be no justice under the capitalist B. Plato
system C. Machiavelli
B. Justice under Capitalist system is possible only D. Marx
if key industries are nationalised
C. Justice has no relation with the system of 254. The view that there is close relationship
production between justice and equality is attributed
D. Justice under capitalist system is possible only if to:____________?
the workers are given due share in the management
of industries A. Socialists
B. Individualists
247. The dimensions of legal justice are C. Idealists
determined by: D. Anarchists
A. Courts
B. People 255. Which one of the following institutions
C. Constitution and statutes gives shape to the dimensions of justice?
D. All the three mentioned above A. The Constitution
B. The Parliament
248. Political justice is ensured by:__________? C. The Courts
A. Courts D. All the above
B. Political parties
C. Constitution 256. “Eye for eye and tooth for a tooth” is the
D. All the there guiding principle of:___________?

30
 B. Political considerations
A. Retributive theory of justice C. Social considerations
B. Deterrent theory of justice D. Ethical and philosophical considerations
C. Reformative theory of justice E. Religious considerations
D. All the above theories
264. Which one of the following is true about
257. Which aspect of justice was emphasizes by Aristotle’s views about justice?
the Greeks? A. It should promote religion
A. Social B. It should be available to the rich
B. Moral C. It was what philosopher king thought was just
C. Legal D. It should be available both to the citizens and
D. Political the slaves
E. It consisted in observing rules of equality
258. The Retributive Theory of Justice is rooted
in:____________? 265. Which one of the following is true about
A. The principle of deterrent punishment to modern states for giving justice to the people?
criminals A. The state runs educational institution
B. The principle of revenge B. The state provides scholarships for studies
C. The principle that punishment should aim at abroad
reforming the criminals C. The state encourages right to property
D. The principle of hate the sin and not the sinner D. The state preaches religion toleration
E. The state maintains courts of law
259. According to Earnest Barker, justice is:
___________? 266. St. Augustine believed that justice could be
A. A virtue that cannot be separated from the possible only when:_____________?
virtues of temperance, courage and wisdom A. State did not interfere in religion
B. Not a matter of outright equality but is rather a B. State actively interfered in religion
matter of right proportion C. State intervened in religion when called upon to
C. A mtter of human relations which change do so
and grow in the process of time with changes of D. Religion and state complemented each other
social thought, and it adjusts itself and changes
accordingly 267. Karl Marx’s name is associated with:
D. The first virtue of social institutions, as truth is ____________?
of systems of thought A. Economic aspect of justice
B. Legal aspect of justice
260. The modern state tries to ensure justice to C. Classical aspect of justice
its citizens through: D. Social aspect of justice
A. Management institutions E. Political aspect of justice
B. Regulation of the economy of the country
C. Maintenance of system of law courts 268. Who of the following stressed that justice
D. All the above. laid in giving maximum happiness to maximum
number of people?
261. Constitution is an instrument A. Bodin
of:____________? B. Marx
A. Legal Justice C. Rousseau
B. Social Justice D. Bentham
C. Political Justice E. Aristotle
D. Economic Justice
269. Who of the following is not associated with
262. In his philosophy Plato has associated analytical school about justice?
justice with:____________? A. Bodin
A. Functions B. Locke
B. Religion C. Austin
C. Morality D. Marx
D. Wealth E. None of the above
E. Education
270. In our modern society it is believed that
263. Plato’s concept of justice was based on: justice and liberty are:____________?
____________? A. Contradictory to each other
A. Economic considerations B. Complementary to each other

31
C. Cooperate with each other only when necessary D. Adjustment of society’s interests to ensure
D. Partially complementary and partially individual happiness
contradictory to each other.
278. The Parliament and the Constitution are
271. In our modern times it is believed that instruments of:_____________?
justice is: _____________? A. Legal Justice
A. Opposed to equality B. Political Justice
B. Opposed to liberty C. Economic Justice
C. Anti-thesis of equality and liberty D. Social Justice
D. Closely linked with liberty
279. The world ‘sovereignty’ derives its origin
272. The concept of justice is applicable only from superanus which belongs to language:
to:_____________? A. Green
A. Dealings with human beings B. Latin
B. Dealings with all living beings C. English
C. Dealings with living as well as non-living beings D. French
D. None of the above E. Roman

273. Which one of the following attributes of 280. Who is ancient past felt that sovereignty
justice has been wrongly listed? was the ‘fullness of the state’?
A. It is related to dealings among human beings
B. Impartiality in the tretment of various persons A. Romans
C. It does not permit discrimination under any B. Greek
circumstances C. Muslims
D. It emphasises the importance of personal dignity D. None of these.

281. Who believed that sovereignty extended to

274. Who of the following thinkers took justice
as an ethical standard of virtue in social and
public relationship?
A. Aristotle
B. Rousseau
C. Plato
D. MacIver
275. The concept of justice in purely economic
terms was popularized by___________?
A. Adam Smith
B. J.S.Mills
C. Bentham
D. Engels
276. Which one of the following features of
Legal Justice has been wrongly listed?
A. There can be no justice without law
B. There must be courts or other semi-judicial
bodies to impart justice
C. Legal justice has no relationship with
punishment
D. Legal justice demands equal rights for all
members with discrimination
277. Which one of the following does not fail
within the dimensions of social justice?
A. Emphasis on elimination of all kinds of
discrimination and privileges
B. Emphasis on elimination of the social evils
prevailing in the society
C. Emphasis on the need of concerted action to
Improve the lot of the weaker sections of society
all individuals and associations living in the
state?
A. St. Augustine
B. Aristotle
C. Bodin
D. Rousseau
282. Which one of the following statements is
incorrect with reference to Austin’s definition of
sovereignty?
A. It resides in a determinate human superior
B. The determinate human superior should not be
in the habit of obedience to like superior
C. The determinate human superior receives
habitual obedience from the bluk of population
of given society
D. The determinate human superior must be
responsible for his acts to the elected
representatives of the people
E. The determinate human superior must be
capable of being located
283. “It would be of lasting benefit to Political
Science if the whole concept of sovereignty were
surrendered.” This statement reflects the view
point of:
A. The monistic school
B. The pluralistic school
C. The legalistic school
D. The analytical school
284. Which one of the following statements
depict the true nature of Defacto sovereignty?

32
A. A sovereignty where ultimate authority rests B. The electorate
with the people C. The people
B. A sovereignty which has the legal right to D. All the above.
command obedience
C. A sovereignty which is actually obeyed by the 291. De facto sovereign refers
people whether it has a legal status or not to:_____________?
D. A sovereignty which is absolute and Incapable A. A person who is the lawful ruler of the country
of limitation B. King who has lawfully inherited to the throne
C. A person or body of persons who actually
285. Which one of the following statements exercise power
correctly defines sovereignty as a legal attribute D. None of the above
of the state?
292. In Pakistan the legal sovereignty lies in the
A. To make decisions with respect to matters ________________?
within the jurisdiction of the state, free of A. Parliament
external restraint or coercision B. Supreme Court
B. To enforece laws made by decision makers over C. President
those who are willing to ‘coerce’ the unwilling D. Electorate
citizens
C. To cultivate popular conscience to obey wuch 293. The Pluralist thinkers have attacked the
decisions as are made by the legislature and to concept of sovereignty on a number of grounds.
ensure compliance thereof Which of the following is not a ground of their
D. To ensure enforcement of dicisions made by attack on sovereignty?
authorities with a view to total and abiding A. The concept of sovereignty is against the
obedience by citizens freedom of association
B. The concept of sovereignty is against individual
286. Who said “No sovereign has any where liberty
possessed unlimited power; and the attempt to C. The concept of sovereignty is against the ideal
exert it has always resulted in the establishment of international peace and harmony
of safeguards”? D. The concept of sovereignty is unethical
A. Sir Henry Maine
B. Hobbes 294. According to Rousseau sovereignty resides
C. Bodin in: _____________?
D. Laski A. The General Will
B. The Real Will
287. According to Laski the state C. The Actual Will
is:____________? D. The King
A. Master of society and associations 295. Which one of the following described laws
B. Servant of society as a command of the sovereign:
C. Identical with society A. Austin
D. None of the above B. Locke
C. Mooney
288. According to Laski law is:____________? D. Laski
A. Command of the sovereign
B. Embodiment of general will 296. There are several forms of sovereignty. The
C. Built upon general social environment sovereignty of the King of Great Britain can be
D. Accumulation of religious principles and classified as: ____________?
practices A. Titular Sovereignty
B. Real Sovereignty
289. The Pluralists regard the state C. Popular Sovereignty
as:__________? D. Legal Sovereignty
A. Master of people
B. Servant of people 297. According to the Pluralists one of the
C. A power machine important limitations on sovereignty
D. Brother of masses is:______________?
A. Written Constitution
290. Under democratic system of government B. Independent Judiciary
the popular sovereignty resides C. Political Parties
in:____________? D. International Law
A. Popularly elected representative body 298. The Pluralists are in favour

33
of:___________?
A. Abolition of state
B. Classless and stateless society
C. Curtailing powers of state
D. Further extension of the powers of state
299. Pluralists believe that: ________________?
A. The state is a unique organization
B. The state is as important as the other social,
economic and religious groups
C. The other social, economic and religious groups
are more important than the state
D. State is controlled by other associations
300. One of the followings is a basic feature of
Pluralist concept of sovereignty:
A. Absoluteness
B. Inalienability
C. Divisibility
D. Exclusiveness.
301. The Pluralists believe in:____________?
A. Legal sovereignty
B. Political sovereignty
C. Nominal Sovereign
D. Absolute sovereignty
302. The Pluralists believe that: ___________?
A. Sovereignty is exclusively vested in the state
B. Sovereignty is shared by the various social,
religious, economic and political groups
C. Sovereignty is the privilege of social and
economic groups only
D. Sovereignty rests with the United Nations
303. The Pluralists are in favour of:
_____________?
A. Denial of all sovereign power to the state
B. Grant of absolute sovereign right to the state
C. Grant of limited sovereign powers to the state
D. Grant of all powers to associations only
304. The first western writer to offer a
systematic exposition of the doctrine of
sovereignty was: ___________?
A. John Austin
B. Bodin
C. Grotius
D. Hobbes
305. Austin propounded a theory of:
___________?
A. Legal Sovereignty
B. Political Sovereignty
C. Titular Sovereignty
D. Popular Sovereignty
306. The monistic theory of sovereignty holds
that: ____________?
A. The sovereignty resides in the state alone
34
B. Sovereignty resides in the King only
C. Sovereignty is shared by the King and the
Parliament
D. Sovereignty is shared by the state and other
associations
307. Which of the followings was the bitterest
critic of Austin’s theory of sovereignty?
A. Bodin
B. Laski
C. Sir Henry Maine
D. Hobbes
308. Who of the followings is known as the high
priest of sovereignty?
A. Austin
B. Bodin
C. Rousseau
D. Grotius
309. Who said that sovereignty resides in
determinate human superior?
A. Bodin
B. Grotius
C. Austin
D. Montesquieu
310. External Sovereignty means: __________?
A. Right of the state to act without outside
restrictions
B. Right of state to apply international law
C. Right of state to send diplomatic envoys to other
states
D. Rights of a state to maintain an army of its own.
311. The de facto and de jure sovereignty:
A. Are opposed to each other
B. Can exist side by side
C. Have no relation with each other
D. Are acquired with the help of force
312. Which one of the following features of legal
sovereignty has been wrongly listed?
A. It is definite
B. It enjoys only limited authority
C. It possesses the power to issue final commands
D. All rights emanate from it
313. Which one of the following features of legal
sovereignty has been wrongly listed?
A. It is definite
B. It enjoys only limited authority
C. It possesses the power to issue final commands
D. All rights emanate from it
314. Titular Sovereign means:
A. A person who enjoys absolute powers and is not
accountable to any one
B. A person who is vested with all sovereign
powers by the constitution but whose powers B. Rousseau
does someone else enjoy C. Karl Marx
C. A person who enjoys all the powers vested in D. MacIver
him by the constitution E. Austin
D. A sovereign elected by the Parliament
323. Which one of the following is not true about
315. The principle of popular sovereignty holds pluralists attack on concept of sovereignty?
that sovereignty lies with: ___________? A. This concept is impossible
A. People B. It is against individual liberty
B. Members of Parliament C. It is against freedom of association
C. Constitution D. It is against the ideal of international peace and
D. Pope harmony
E. It is unethical
316. The concept of popular sovereignty is
associated with:____________? 324. The Pluralists believe in the concept
A. Austin of:____________?
B. Locke A. Traditional sovereignty
C. Rousseau B. De-jure sovereignty
D. Bodin C. Political sovereignty
D. Hereditary sovereignty
317. Sovereignty is an attribute of: E. None of the above
____________?
A. Despotic state only 325. Which one of the following according to
B. Democratic states only Pluralists is a serious limitation on sovereignty?
C. All states A. Inernational law
D. Government B. Trade unions
C. Associations operating in the state
318. The concept of ‘legal sovereignty’ was for D. A written constitution
the first time propounded by:____________?
326. De-jure and De-facto sovereign are:
A. Hobbes _____________?
B. Rousseau A. Contradictory to each other
C. Locke B. Complementary to each other
D. T.H. Green C. Not related to each other
D. None of the above is true
319. Which one of the following characteristics
of sovereignty has been wrongly listed? 327. Who one of the following is not associated
A. Absoluteness with the concept of popular sovereign?
B. Divisibility A. Laski
C. Permanence B. Rousseau
D. Exclusiveness C. Barker
D. Hegel
320. Sovereignty is an essential attribute E. G.D.H. Cole
of:_____________?
A. State 328. Sovereignty is attribute of:
B. Society _______________?
C. Government A. Democratic state
D. Parliament. B. Distatorship
C. Constitutional monarchy
321. The term sovereignty has been drawn from D. Absolute monarchy
the Latin term: E. All types of states
A. Supranus
B. Supreme Court 329. Which of the following is not an essential
C. Soviet element of sovereignty?
D. Statute A. It is indivisible
B. It is permanent
322. Which one of the following is associated C. It is inalienable
with the statement that ‘If sovereignty is not D. It is delegated to some one else by the state
absolute no state will exist’? E. It is supreme power of the state
A. Aristotle

35
330. Concept of legal sovereignty was for the 337. First western writer to develop systematic
first time pronounced by:____________? doctrine of sovereignty was:__________?
A. St. Augustine A. John Austin
B. Hobbes B. Grotius
C. Machiavelli C. Plato
D. Locke D. T.H.Green
E. Hegel.
338. One of the important critics of Austin’s
331. “If a determinate human superior not in concept of sovereignty has been:___________?
the habit of obedience to a like superior, receives A. J.S.Mill
habitual obedience from the bulk of a given B. Bodin
society, that determinate superior is sovereign in C. Grotius
that society; and the society (including superior) D. MacIver
is a society political and independent.”Who of E. Mhenry Maine
the following said this?
A. Hobbes 339. Characteristics of legal sovereignty is that it
B. Laski is:____________?
C. Jean Bodin A. Not precise
D. Austin B. Not well organised
E. Rousseau C. Fully well organised and precise
D. Not recognised by law
332. Who said that it is impossible to make the
legal theory of sovereignty valid for political 340. Legal sovereignty in Pakistan vests with:
philosophy? ___________?
A. Austin A. President
B. Grotius B. Prime Minister
C. Gettell C. Council of Ministers
D. Gilchrist D. Cabinet
E. Laski E. Electorates.

333. The term sovereignty has been derived 341. Sovereignty of Queen of Great Britain can
originally from language: be classified as:___________?
A. English A. Titular sovereignty
B. Greek B. Real sovereignty
C. Latin C. Popular sovereignty
D. Roman D. Legal sovereignty

334. The sovereignty with reference to state 342. By Titular sovereign we

means:______________? mean:______________?
A. Absolute powers both internally and A. An absolute sovereign
externally B. A sovereign in name
B. Legal unrestricted and unlimited powers C. None of both
C. Supreme law making authority D. None of these
D. The powers of an absolute monarch
343. According to whom sovereignty is not
335. One of the salient features of the theory of absolute and authority is shared by the state
sovereignty as expounded by Hobbes was that with other associations and groups?
he stood for its: A. Hegel
A. Transference from other sovereignty B. Bentham
B. Its perpetuity C. Maitland
C. Its indivisibility D. Austin
D. Its inalienability
344. Lectures on Jurisprudence is a book
336. Sovereignty is the suprime will of the state’ written by:___________?
was said by: A. Laski
A. G.D.H. Cole B. Grotius
B. Sorel C. Maitland
C. Duguit D. Austin
D. Bodin E. Montesquieu

36
345. Who said that sovereign should be 353. External aspect of sovereignty was fully
determinate human superior? developed by:____________?
A. Grotius A. John Austin
B. Bodin B. Grotius
C. Locke C. Bodin
D. Austin D. Hobbes
E. Rousseau E. Plato

346. A sovereign in the state who simply heads 354. Who of the following said that sovereignty
the state is technically called:____________? is an entire thing?
A. Absolute sovereign
B. De facto sovereign A. John Coulhon
C. Political sovereign B. Dicey
D. Titular sovereign C. Sir Henry Maine
D. Laski
347. Political sovereign is:___________?
A. Recognised by national courts 355. Legal sovereignty is one which is accepted
B. Recognised by international courts by:_____________?
C. One which has no legal status A. All the persons in and outside the state
D. None of these B. By outside people alone
C. By international organisations alone
348. Who said that sovereignty can no more be D. By associations in the state only
alienated or transferred?
A. John Coulhon 356. John Austin who expounded his theory of
B. Laski sovereignty was:____________?
C. Liber A. Roman
D. Prince Kropotkin B. Greek
C. French
349. Which of the following is not an essential D. English
characteristic of sovereignty? E. Russian
A. Permanence
B. Exclusiveness 357. If sovereignty is not absolute no state can
C. All comprehensiveness exist. This is a statement made
D. Wealth by:____________?
E. Indivisibility A. Laski
B. Gettell
350. Who of the following said that strictly C. Austin
speaking sovereignty is an internal power, pick D. Barker
that up?
A. Gettell 358. Sovereignty does not reside in a
B. Gilchrist determinate human superior who said that?
C. John Coulhon A. G.D.H. Cole
D. Liber. B. Hobbes
C. Bodin
351. Name of John Austin in the development of D. Sir Henry Maine
sovereignty is associated with:
A. Internal aspect 359. Popular sovereignty lies in:__________?
B. External aspect
C. Legal theory A. People
D. Philosophical theory B. Political elite
E. No theory C. Members of Parliament
D. Judiciary
352. Who believed that sovereignty vested in the E. Constitution
‘general will’?
A. Hobbes 360. Which of the following is not an attribute of
B. Locke sovereignty?
C. Grotius A. Permanence
D. Rousseau B. Inalienability
E. John Austin C. Indivisibility
D. Delegation of authority by some persons to

37
the state. D. Internal Sovereign

361. Pluralists believe in one of the following 369. Those who believe in the division of
characteristics of sovereignty namely: sovereignty are known as:____________?
A. Individualist
A. Divisibility B. Democrats
B. Comprehensiveness C. Absolutists
C. Permanence D. Socialists
D. None of these E. Pluralists

362. Hobbes believed in one of the following 370. The champion of absolute sovereignty of
characteristics of sovereignty namely: monarch was:____________?
A. Limited A. Hobbes
B. Constitutional B. Laski
C. Absolute C. MacIver
D. Divided D. Marsiglio of Padua.

363. Of the following legal concept of 371. Sovereignty is an essential element

sovereignty was advocated by:__________? of:____________?
A. Hobbes A. Associations
B. Locke B. State
C. Rousseau C. Society
D. Jean Bodin D. Dictatorship

364. The high priest of sovereignty 372. Which one of the following is not correct
was:____________? about Austin’s theory of sovereignty?
A. J.S.Mill A. It believes sovereignty is indivisible
B. T.H. Green B. It believes that legal and popular sovereignty
C. Machiavelli cannot keep pace with each other
D. Hegel C. It up holds the concept of popular
E. Rousseau sovereignty
D. It has not distinguished between legal and
365. Where does legal sovereignty vest? political sovereignty
A. Bulk of society
B. Determinate human superior 373. Who of the following was the first systemtic
C. In the like superior thinker about doctrine of sovereignty?
D. None of these A. Hobbes
B. Grotius
366. The type of sovereignty which is known to C. Austin
the courts of land is known as:____________? D. Bodin
E. Laski
A. De-jure Sovereignty
B. De-facto Sovereignty 374. Who said that sovereignty was the fullness
C. Popular Sovereignty of state?
D. Political Sovereignty A. The Greeks
B. The English
367. Who one of the following is associated with C. The Romans
the statement “if sovereignty is not absolute no D. Indians
state will exist”?
A. John Locke 375. The concept of political sovereignty is
B. Hegel associated with:___________?
C. Austin A. Plato
D. Holland B. John Lacke
E. Rousseau C. Rousseau
D. Austin
368. In a democracy legal sovereign in the
ultimate analysis bound to bow before: 376. Who of the followings believed that
A. De-jure Sovereign sovereignty vested in the general would?
B. Political Sovereign
C. Nominal Sovereign A. Rousseau

38
B. TH.Green 385. Pluralistic view of sovereignty
C. Austin was:_______________?
D. Bodin A. A reaction against denial of sovereignty to state
B. A reaction against to much of importance
377. The legal sovereignty resides in: attached to economic and social groups
A. The courts, which decide the disputes C. Reaction against dogmatic legalism of
B. The constitution of a country Austinian theory of sovereignty
C. The body which possesses supreme law D. A plea for an independent judiciary
making powers
D. The Head of the State 386. The main function of the state according to
the Pluralists is:____________?
378. The Legal Sovereign has to bow before A. To promote general welfare of its citizens
the:____________? B. To regulate the activities of various
A. Real sovereign associations
B. Political sovereign C. To regulate production distribution of essential
C. Popular sovereignty goods
D. None of the above D. To provide social securities like unemployment
allowance and old pension
379. The concept of external sovereignty was
developed by:__________? 387. Who was the doyen of the Pluralists from
A. John Austin amongst the following?
B. Grotius A. Bentham
C. Oppenheim B. J.S. Mill
D. Bentham C. Leacock
D. Laski
380. Who said that sovereignty cannot reside in
‘determinate human superior’? 388. “If sovereignty is not absolute, no state
A. Austin exists” Who said this?
B. Bodin
C. G.D.H.Cole A. John Austin
D. Henry Maine. B. Jean Bodin
C. Hobbes
381. Who said that the theory of sovereignty is D. None of the above
not valid for political philosophy?
A. T.H. Green 389. According to the concept of Plural
B. Hobhouse Sovereignty:
C. Laski A. Sovereignty lies in the state only
D. Grotius B. Sovereignty lies in the Parliament
C. Sovereignty lies in the Kind
382. Austin propounded his theory of D. Sovereignty lies in all the associations of the
Sovereignty in the book: state
A. Two Treatises on Government
B. Lectures on Jurisprudence 390. Sovereignty is an essential element
C. Early History of Institutions of:____________?
D. Modern State A. Society
B. State
383. In Britain the legal sovereignty resides C. Government
in:__________? D. Nation.
A. The House of Lords
B. The Queen-in-Parliament 391. “If a determinate human superior not in a
C. The Queen habit of obedience to a like superior receives
D. The Courts habitual obedience from the bulk of a given
society, that determinate superior is sovereign in
384. The Pluralistic theory of sovereignty was that society; and the society (including the
first propounded by: superior) is a society political and independent”.
A. Laski Which of the followings said this?
B. MacIver A. Hobbes
C. Bodin B. Jean Bodin
D. Von Gierke C. Austin
D. Laski

39
 B. Sovereignty means freedom to conduct the
392. The Courts recognize only:____________? foreign affairs
A. Legal sovereign C. Sovereignth means freedom to conduct both
B. Political sovereign Internal and external affairs
C. Popular sovereignty D. Sovereignty is the desire of people to have
D. All the above sovereigns independence

393. De jure sovereign refers to:____________?
A. A person who has legal right to govern and
command obedience.
B. A person who is authorised by Parliament to rule
the country
C. A person in whom the entire authority is vested
by the constitution but does not make use of that
power
D. The constitutional ruler of state
394. Sir Henry Maine:________________?
A. Fully supported Austin’s theory of sovereignty
B. Supported the basic principles of Austin’s theory
of sovereignty but differed from him in details
C. Bitterly criticised Austins’s theory of
sovereignty
D. Expressed new views about Austin’s theory of
sovereignty
400. Which one of the following statements in
wrong?
A. Sovereignty rests exclusively with the state
B. Sovereignty is permanent
C. Sovereignty is shared by the state with
government
D. State can give a part of its sovereignty to
society.
401. Which one of the following statements is
not correct?
A. Legal sovereign has power to issue final
commands
B. Violation of the command of Legal sovereign is
punishable
C. All rights emanate from the legal sovereign
D. The legal sovereign enjoys only limited
authority

395. Which one of the following group of 402. Which one of the following statements is
thinkers do not draw any distinction between not correct?
the governemtn and the state?
A. Pluralists A. Austin’s theory of sovereignty is in keeping
B. Socialists with the notions of popular sovereignty
C. Capitalists B. Austin’s theory of sovereignty is not in keeping
D. All the above with the notions of popular sovereignty
C. Austin exaggerates the element of force when he
396. Sovereignty has been defined as “Supreme describes law as a command of the sovereign
Power over citizens and subjects unrestrained D. Austin fails to draw a distinction between, legal
by law” by:__________? and political sovereignty
A. Burgess
B. Willoughby 403. Which one of the following statements is
C. Bodin correct?
D. Austin A. The legal sovereign in England is the Queen or
the King
397. Political Pluralism calls for:____________? B. The legal sovereign in England is the People
A. Parliamentary control of associations C. The legal sovereign in England is the House of
B. Government control of association Commons
C. Autonomy of associations D. The legal sovereign in England is the
D. Administrative control of associations Queen/King-in-Parliament

398. The assertion that the state is not the only 404. Ghazali was born in the year ________ A.D.
association but one among many associations in A. 1058
society, is:__________? B. 1059
A. A Marxist viewpoint C. 1060
B. A Pluralist viewpoint D. 1061
C. A Fabian viewpoint
D. An Anarchist viewpoint 405. Mention the name of book, which was
written by Al-Ghazali:
399. Which one of the following statements is A. Ihya-e-eUloom-ud-Din
correct? B. Kashful Mehjoob
A. Sovereignty implies freedom to conduct intenal C. Sirat-e-Faridia
affairs of a state D. Hujja-tul-Baligha

40
 414. Siasul-Alamair was written
406. Al-Ghazali is known as:____________? by:____________?
A. Geographer A. Ghazzali
B. Hujat-ul-Islam B. Farabi
C. Historian C. Tusi
D. Qazi-u-Quza D. Iqbal

407. Name the book which was written by al- 415. Fatihat-ul-Ulum was written
Ghazali: by:___________?
A. Nishat-ul-Mulk A. Farabi
B. Fozul Kabir B. Ghazzali
C. Adab Nama Iran C. Tusi
D. Syasat Nama D. Iqbal

408. Al-Ghazali died in Tus, his native town, on 416. Kimiya-i-sa’ adat was written by:
the 19th of December in _________: __________?
A. 1109 A. Tusi
B. 1110 B. Farabi
C. 1111 C. Ghazzali
D. 1112 D. Iqbal

409. A Muslim Philosopher Abu Hamid bin 417. Iqtisad fil-I’tiqad was written by:
Muhammad born in 1058 A.D. Is commonly __________?
known as:__________? A. Tusi
B. Farabi
A. Al-Ghazali C. Ghazzali
B. Al-Mawardi D. Iqbal
C. Ibn-e-Khuldun
D. None of these 418. Mihak al-Nazar fi al-mantiq was written
by: ___________?
410. Ahya-ul-Ulum is the work of:__________? A. Tusi
A. Al-Farabi B. Ghazzali
B. Al-Mawardi C. Iqbal
C. Al-Ghazali D. Farabi
D. None of these.
419. Al Ghazzali was born at: _________?
411. Name the book that Ghazali wrote for royal
guidance and was meant for Ghiyath-ud-Din A. Tous, Iran
Abu Shuja Muhammad, son of his patron, B. iraq
Malik Shah: C. Mecca
D. None of these
A. Tibrul-Masbuk
B. Fatihatul-Ulum 420. “Iqtisad-fil-Itiqad” was written by:
C. Kimiya-i-Sa’adat _______?
D. Muqadma A. Al-Mawardi
B. Al-Farabi
412. Renaissance of Sciences was written C. Al-Ghazali
by:_____________? D. Ibn-e-Khaldun.
A. Farabi
B. Ghazzali 421. A prominent French Philosopher, scientist
C. Tusi and mathematician was profoundly influended
D. Mawardi by Al-Ghazali’s mysticism:

413. Tafsir al-yaqut al-ta’ wil was written A. Blaise Pascal

by:__________? B. Rousseau
A. Farabi C. Jean Bodin
B. Tusi D. None of these
C. Ghazzali
D. Iqbal 422. According to Plato state originated
because: ___________?

41
A. The people had desire to live in the state A. A nation state
B. There was necessity for division of labour B. A federal state
C. God sent state on earth C. An international state
D. People concluded a contract for bringing state D. A liberal state.

423. In the West first to support the theory of 431. Who said: “a man who lives outside the
Divine Origin were: polis is either a beast or a God”?
A. The Jews
B. The Christians A. Aristotle
C. The Muslims B. Bodin
D. None of these C. Plato
D. Hobbes
424. The ruler James-I’s name is associated
with: 432. Who asserted, “the state would ultimately
A. Theory of Divine Origin of State wither away”?
B. Introduction of far reaching legislative reforms A. Kant
C. Reforms in national finances B. Marx
D. Reforms in land revenue system C. Aristotle
E. None of these D. None of the above

425. In France theory of Divine origin was 433. The ownership of land under feudalism
supported by: __________? rested with:__________?
A. Philips A. The ministers of the king
B. Louis XII B. The King
C. Louis XIII C. The feudal lords
D. Louis XIV D. The farmers

426. The social science that deals with human 434. Feudalism was a dominant feature
use of the natural environment is __________? of:__________?
A. Genetics A. The city-states
B. Geography B. The Roman Empire
C. Political Science C. The Holy Roman Empire
D. Sociology D. All the above

427. What is the name of the book written by 435. Church occupied an important position in:
Miss Follett? ___________?
A. The city-states
A. The New State B. The Roman Empire
B. The Two States C. The Holy Roman Empire
C. State and Sovereignty D. All the above
D. Lectures on Pluralism
436. The state is a product of society at a certain
428. The fall of the Feudal States and rise of stage of development when it has split into
Nation States took place in ___________? irreconcilable antagonisms, which it is powerless
to dispel. To which of the following theories of
A. The sixteenth century the origin of the state does this statement
B. The seventeenth century belong?
C. Eighteenth century A. Social Contract
D. Nineteenth century B. Liberal
C. Historical-Evolutionary
429. Which one of the following theories D. Marxists
contributed to the rise of totalitarian state in the
present century? 437. Which one of the following is wrong as per
A. Welfare Theory Rousseau’s theory of General will in mind?
B. Legal Theory A. General Will is always good, just and right
C. Ethical Theory B. General Will is the will of the masses
D. All the above C. General Will is supreme, inalienable and
indivisible
430. The modern state is also is also known as: D. Individual’s freedom consists in acting in
__________? conformity with General Will

42
 B. Rousseau
438. Which one of the following condition was C. Hegel
not associated with the state of nature as D. T.H. Green
expounded by Locke?
A. The state of nature was a state of peace, mutual 446. Rousseau’s contributed to: __________?
assistance and cooperation A. Glorious revolution in England
B. There were natural rights of life, liberty and B. American War of Independence
property C. The Bolshevik Revolution in Russia
C. The prevalence of natural law D. The French Revolution
D. There was continuous fear and danger of
violent death 447. Which one of the following social
Contractualists was born at Geneva?
439. The evolutionary theory regarding the A. Hobbes
origin of states on: B. Locke
A. Revolutionary principle C. Rousseau
B. Evolutionary principle D. None of the above
C. Religious principles
D. Scientific-cum-religious principles 448. According to Locke people left the state of
nature for the sake of:__________?
440. The two most outstanding city-states of A. An effective government
ancient Greece were:________? B. Preservation of their natural rights
A. Athens and Rome C. Creating a state
B. Rome and Sparta D. Creating an independent judiciary
C. Athens and Venice
D. Athens and Sparta. 449. “Let the Sovereign but step outside the
power derived from the Social Contract, and
441. The Greek city-states are regarded as the resistance becomes a natural right” Which one
best specimens of:___________? of the followings gives the right understanding
A. Military rule to the above statement?
B. Direct democracy A. The individual is left with no other alternative
C. Representative democracy but to obey the commands of the sovereign
D. Absolute rule B. Men are free from any superior power on earth,
and they act as they think fit within the bounds of
442. The early Oriental Empires were ruled the law of nature
by:__________? C. The Government exists for the good of the
A. Military leaders people, and can be removed if it violates the
B. Elected leaders trust reposed in it
C. Priests D. The State is composed of equal individuals,
D. Hereditary monarchs some having authority over others and all
participate in the General will
443. According to Prof. Jones the most original,
the most interesting and historically the most 450. “He breathes the bitterest hatred not only
important contribution of Rousseau to Political of individualism, but even of those elementary
Theory was the concept of:________? rights, which none but the most backward
A. Popular sovereignty nations now deny to the individual, yet this
B. Direct Democracy preposterous system, consciously or
C. General Will unconsciously represents an exremeform of
D. Constitutional Monarchy individualism” The quotation given above
applies to ___________?
444. Rousseau championed the cause of: A. Hobbes
__________? B. Locke
A. Elites C. Machiavelli
B. Representative Democracy D. Marx.
C. Direct Democracy
D. Absolute Monarchy 451. Which one of the following methods was
adopted by Hobbes?
445. Who said “So long as the General will is A. Comparative Method
Sovereign, it does not matter what form of B. Historical Method
government it may be __________? C. Scientific Method
A. Hobbes D. None of the above

43
 B. Right to liberty
452. Which one of the followings enjoys the C. Right to property
distinction of being the first to offer a systematic D. Right to work
theory of the social contract?
A. Locke 460. The main profounder of the evolutionary
B. Hobbes theory were:__________?
C. Rousseau A. Hobbes and Locke
D. Bodin B. Lenin and Marx
C. Plato and Aristotle
453. Who of the followings was a staunch D. Burgess and Leacock.
supporter of the ‘Divine Origin Theory’?
A. George III of England 461. According to Hobbes the primitive people
B. Napoleon of France were encouraged to conclude social contract on
C. James II of England account of:___________?
D. None of the above A. Anarchy
B. Growth of political consciousness
454. Which one of the following theories C. Their desire to preserve private property
regarded the origin of state evoked maximum D. Their desire to preserve individual liberty
controversy?
A. Force Theory 462. The area test contribution of Hobbes to
B. Divine Origin Theory Political theory was:___________?
C. Social Contract Theory A. Natural State Theory
D. Evolutionary Theory B. Social Contract Theory
C. Monarchical Theory
455. Which one of the following theories D. Patriarcal Theory
regarding the origin of state was very popular
during the seventeenth and eighteenth 463. Which one of the following thinkers did not
centuries? criticize the theory of social contract?
A. Divine Origin Theory A. Karl Marx
B. Force Theory B. Wright
C. Social Contract Theory C. Vaughan
D. Historical Theory D. T.H. Green

456. The modern state is described 464. In modern times the Force theory of the
as:____________? origin of state found a strong advocate in
A. A police state __________?
B. A welfare state A. Lenin
C. A laissez faire state B. Winston Churchill
D. Autocratic state C. Hitler
D. Mahatma Gandhi
“The state is neither the handiwork of God, 457.
nor the result of superior physical force, nor the 465. The various stages through which the
creation of a resulution or convention nor a modern state evolved itself were:__________?
mere expansion of the family” who said this? A. Tribal state, Greek-city state, Roman
A. Laski Empire, Feudal state and Modern state
B. Garner B. Greek city-state, Tribal state, Feudal state,
C. Hegel Roman state and Modern State
D. T.H. Green C. Greek city-state, Tribal state, Roman state,
Fedudal state and Modern state
458. Who said that man’s life in the state of D. Tribal state, Greek city-state, Feudal state,
nature was ‘solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and Roman state and Modern state
short’?
A. Hobbes 466. Which one of the following factors
B. Locke prompted countries like Britain, France etc, to
C. Rousseau carve out the colonial empire?
D. Karl Marx A. Urge to civilize the backward people
B. Urge to propagate christianity
459. Which one of the followings has not been C. To make use of the resources of colonies for
included by Locke 2in the list of natural rights? mother country
A. Right of life D. To collect foodstuffs which were badly needed

44
by their people same tribe
C. The states possessing population from the same
467. The most important factor in the tribe
development of the modern state D. The states which have majority of tribal
was:__________? population
A. Scientific advancement
B. Revival of ancient culture 475. The early Oriental Empires were mostly
C. Growth of national consciousness located: ____________?
D. Growing importance of religion A. One the sea coasts
B. In the fertile valleys
468. Under the Feudal State offices were C. On the banks of rivers
distributed on the basis of: ____________? D. In Europe
A. Merit
B. Principle of heredity 476. The early Oriental Empires rested on:
C. Draw of lots ___________?
D. Highest bidding A. Fear of God
B. Despotism of King
469. The most outstanding contributions of the C. Sweet will of the people
Roman Empire were: ___________? D. Laws of nature

A. Unity, uniformity of law, sovereign 477. The earliest territorial State was:
organisation and world peace ___________?
B. Unity, individual freedom, democratic system A. Greek city-state
and patriotism B. Oriental Empire
C. Popular Assemblies, democracy, individual C. Roman Empire
freedom and sovereignty D. Feudal State
D. None of the above
478. Which one of the followings is the most
470. One of the outstanding contributions of the acceptable theory regarding the origin of the
Roman Empire was: ___________? state:
A. Individual liberty A. Social Contract
B. Autonomy of units B. Divine Origin
C. Introduction of democracy C. Force theory
D. Universal code of law. D. Historical theory

471. The Roman Empire was characterized
by:_________?
A. A Highly centralized administration
B. Complete autonomy for its units
C. Division of powers between the centre and state
D. Popular Assemblies
472. The City-states: ________________?
A. Believed in arbitrary rule
B. Granted feeedom to all the people
C. Granted freedom only to the citizens
D. Granted freedom to citizen as well as aliens
473. The City-states which made their
appearance before the birth of Christ are
generally associated with:_________?
A. China
B. India
C. Rome
D. Greece
474. Tribal State means: ____________?
A. A political organization which existed before
the creation of the state
B. The state, which are ruled by the Kings of the
479. Religion helped in the evolution of state by
cultivating following two qualities:
A. Reverence and obedience
B. Faith and Power
C. Faith in heaven and hell
D. Superstition and faith in god
480. Kinship, which according to the
Evolutionary theory was one of the major
contributory factors for the origin of state,
means:
A. Rule by Kind
B. Belief in common blood relationship
C. Belief in divinity of Kind
D. Association with peoples of the same region.
481. The four factors which helped in the
evolution of the state were: ___________?
A. Population, Religion, Government and Force
B. Population, Territory, Government
C. Kinship, Religion, Force and Political
Consciousness
D. Religion, Force, Territory and Government

45
482. In the middle ages it was believed that: B. Church was inferior to state
A. Church gave state C. Church was superior to state
B. State is the march of God on earth D. None of these.
C. State was theresult of human efforts
D. State grew with the passage of time 491. Force theory about the origin of the state is
supported by: __________?
483. Exponents of theory of Divine Origin of A. Syndicalists
State believe that: B. Fabian socialists
A. State grew with the passage of time C. Marxists
B. God give state D. Individualists
C. State is expansion of families E. Anarchists
D. State was result of an understanding between
God and people 492. In modern times the force theory of the
origin of the state has been supported by:
484. Main supporters of theory of Divine origin ________?
were: ____________? A. Hitler
A. Feudal lords B. Stalin
B. Church fathers C. Churchill
C. Common men D. Roosevelt
D. The rich traders
493. Essays Concerning Human Understanding’
485. Aristotle believed that state originated as was written by: ___________?
result of:__________? A. Milton
A. Social contract B. Spinoza
B. Force C. Locke
C. Expansion of families D. Rousseau
D. Handiwork of God E. G.B.Vico

486. Who supported patriarchal theory about 494. Social Contract’ was written by:
the origin of the state? __________?
A. St. Paul A. Hobbes
B. St. Aquinas B. Locke
C. Duguit C. Rousseau
D. Plato D. David Hume
E. Montesquieu
487. Patriarchal theory about the origin of the
state was supported by:__________? 495. The Confessions’ was written by:
A. Sir Henry Maine __________?
B. Edward Jenks A. Locke
C. St. Paul B. Rousseau
D. Morgan C. Burke
D. G.B. Vico
488. Who said that family is the basis of the E. Samuel Perfenrodorf
state?
A. Leacock 496. Who, said that ‘state is power and it is sin
B. Gettell for the state to be weak?
C. Gilchrist A. Jenks
D. Fenwick B. Herbert Spencer
C. Leacock
489. That the law of the state is obeyed because D. Triestchki
there is punitive authority of the state behind it,
is believed by the exponents of: _________? 497. Who raised state to the highest glory?
A. Patriarchal theory A. Rousseau
B. Matriarchal theory B. Locke
C. Theory of Divine origin C. Hegel
D. Force theory D. Marx

490. According to exponents of force theory: 498. Who said about the origin of the state that
A. There was no relation between the church and ‘will’ not ‘force’ is the basis of the state?
the states A. Bentham

46
B. J.S.Mill contract in effect meant that:
C. James Mill
D. T.H.Green
_________?
E. Grotius A. Sovereign came out of state of
nature
499. Hobbes’s name is associated with origin of B. Sovereign remained in the state of
state about the theory of: __________?
A. Divine Origin nature
B. Patriarchal C. Sovereign was not effected at all
C. Matriarchal D. Sovereign was subordinated to the
D. Evolutionary
E. Social Contract people

500. According to Hobbes in the state of nature 506. In the social contract theory of
man was: __________? Hobbes, the masses had:
A. Very law abiding
B. Nasty and brutish
C. Cultured and mannered A. Natural rights
D. Selfless and had fellow feelings. B. No natural rights
C. Natural rights were partly enjoyed
by the people
501. According to Hobbes in the state D. Natural rights already enjoyed by
of nature people: ___________? the people were abolished
A. Lived harmoniously
B. Quarrelled with each other 507. Locke was a philosopher who
C. Had regard for judicial system belonged to: __________?
D. Respected each other’s rights A. England
B. France
502. According to Hobbes state of C. Switzerland
nature was: __________? D. Germany
A. Pre-social
B. Post-social 508. Locke has been called as the
C. Socially respectable child of: __________?
D. None of the above A. French Revolution
B. Industrial Revolution
503. Leviathan contains political C. Glorious Revolution
philosophy of: _________? D. Reformation
A. Hobbes
B. Locke 509. Lacke was in favour of:
C. Henry Maine _________?
D. Laski A. Absolute monarchy
B. Dictatorship
504. In Hobbes contract sovereign C. Presidential form of Government
was: ___________? D. Constitutional monarchy
A. Party to the contract E. Republic
B. Above the contract
C. Below the people 510. According to Locke in the state
D. To be elected in a democratic of nature man was: ___________?
manner A. Uncivilised
B. Nasty and brutish
505. Sovereign of Hobbes in social C. Peace loving

47
D. Respected no code of conduct.
511. According to Locke state
originated because: ____________?
A. Nasty man was to be crushed
B. Private property came as a serpent
C. There was need to interpret laws
D. None of the above reasons
512. According to Locke sovereign of
the civil state in the beginning was:
________?
A. Elected
B. Nominated
C. Sent by God
D. A high priest
513. The main respobsibility
according to Locke’s sovereign was:
_________?
A. To protect the property of the
people
B. To collect land revenue
C. To maintain good transport system
D. To encourage formation of
associations
514. Main function of Locke’s
sovereign was: __________?
A. To enact laws
B. To amend already existing laws
C. To interpret laws
D. To enforce laws
515. Locke’s sovereign:
____________?
A. Was above all laws
B. Was bound by the laws given by
him
C. Was main source of original laws
D. None of these
516. Rousseau was born in:
__________?
A. England
48
B. Germany
C. France
D. Switzerland
517. Rousseau’s name is associated
with: __________?
A. Patriarchal theory
B. Theory of Divine origin
C. Theory of force
D. Theory of General Will
E. Matriarchal theory
518. Rousseau’s theory of social
contract very much influenced the
organizers of: ____________?
A. Industrial Revolution
B. French Revolution
C. Glorious Revolution
D. Glorious Revolution
E. Russian Revolution
519. Rousseau’s individual in the
state of nature was: __________?
A. Noble savage
B. Nasty and brutish
C. Peace loving and law abiding
D. Quarrelsome
520. According to Rousseau main
reason for the social contract was
that: _________?
A. There was need to interpret law
B. Private property came as a
serpent
C. Social laws began to be disrespected
D. Man became nasty.
521. General will, according to
Rousseau was: _____________?
A. Majority will
B. Sum total of good wills
C. Sum total of bad wills
D. Sum total of the will of minority
522. Who said that theory of social
contract about the origin of the state
was most worthless?
A. Sir Henry Maine 528. Whose name is associated with
B. T.H. Green the organic theory of the state?
C. Bentham A. Karl Marx
D. Sorel B. St. Augustine
C. Plato
523. Who said that state is neither D. Bernard Shah
the handiwork of God, nor the result E. Herbert Spencer
of brute force, nor expansion of
families but only growth? 529. A good state is usually supposed
A. Gilchrist to perform one of the following
B. Friedrich functions, which one:
C. Aristotle A. Police functions
D. Ebenstein B. Welfare functions
E. Leacock C. Supervisory functions
D. Military functions
524. Which of the following factors
has not contributed in the evolution 530. According to exponents of
of state, point that: theory of Divine Origin of the State
A. Social instinct the Kings derived their authority
B. Kinship from:
C. Private property A. God
D. Desire to live in peace B. People
C. Constitutional monarchy
525. One of the following factors has D. Church.
not contributed in the evolution of
state, point that: 531. Who has said that social contact
A. Natural Rights theory is fatal to political
B. Political consciousness impostures?
C. Economic needs A. Sir Henry Maine
D. Desire to live in peace B. Sir Fredrick Pollock
C. Bluntschli
526. Which of the following is correct D. Sedgwick
about the relationship of state and
Government? 532. Who of the following said that in
the state of nature hands of all were
A. Complementary against one and hand of one against
B. Complimentary all?
C. Contradictory A. Hobbes
D. Indifferent B. Locke
C. Rousseau
527. Who said ‘will’ not ‘force’ is the D. Marx
basis of state?
A. T.H. Green 533. Pick up one, which is not
B. Plato connected with the origin of the
C. Rousseau state:
D. Hobbes A. Population
B. Territory

49
C. Industry
D. Religion
534. According to Garner the state is
the outcome of: ___________?
A. Expansion of families
B. Handiwork of God
C. Outcome of force
D. A sudden revolution
E. Growth and evolution
535. Which one of the following is
not associated with social contract
theory?
A. Hobbes
B. Herbert Spencer
C. Locke
D. Rousseau
536. Who of the following said that in
the state of nature man was nasty
and brutish?
A. Hegel
B. Green
C. Hobbes
D. Bodin
537. Which of the following is
considered as the most appropriate
theory about the origin of the state?
A. Theory of Divine origin
B. Force theory
C. Patriarchal and matriarchal theory
D. Social contract theory
E. Evolutionary theory
538. Which one of the following
statements is correct about social
contract theory?
A. The state is a natural institution
B. The state is gradual evolution
C. The state was created by God
D. The state is the result of a contract
E. The state is the result of a conquest
539. Which one of the following is
not a contributory factor in the
50
growth of the state, according to
Historical theory?
A. Religion
B. Economic factor
C. Political consciousness
D. Kinship
E. Class consciousness
540. According to social contract
theory the state: _________?
A. Is created by God
B. Is a growth.
541. Rousseau was influenced by:
___________?
A. The writings of Machiavelli
B. The philosophy of Bodin
C. Civil War of England
D. The French Revolution
E. None of these
542. According to Rousseau
Sovereignty resides in: __________?
A. Majority will
B. Minority will
C. The king
D. Actual will
E. General will
543. The tribal system of state
organisation was: __________?
A. Well developed
B. Rudimentary
C. Based on sound footings
D. Properly organised
544. The first territorial states
developed and appeared:
A. On high mountains
B. Valleys of the rivers
C. Near sea shores
D. Near the jungles
545. Which one of the following is
not correct about the imperial state
of the orient?
A. It helped in the evolution of political
institutions
B. It developed in quality of obedience
C. The authority was obeyed as long as
it was strong
D. The chief looked after all welfare
activities in the state
E. Real authority in the state was fear
546. In the Greek City State the
Government was: ___________?
A. Little concerned with the life of the
people
B. It did not try to establish mora
values of the people
C. It touched every aspect of human
life
D. In was indifferent to the needs of the
people
547. Which one of the following is
not true about Greek city states?
A. The state looked after the welfare of
the people
B. A sizeable population consisted of
slaves
C. All states followed monarchical
system
D. The size of the state used to be small
548. At the height of glory in the
Roman Empire, which was not?
A. Conquest of territories
B. A highly centralised administrative
system
C. The despotic emperor
D. The state did not come under the
influence of the emperor
E. Emperor’s decrees were recognised
as law
549. Which one of the following is
not true of Roman Empire?
A. It proved that large states could be
administered properly
B. It proved that large states could
remain stable
51
C. That it failed to establish a
universal code of law
D. It scarified individual liberty
E. It laid too much stress on unity
550. Which one of the following is
not true of feudal state?
A. In it everything developed around
personality of nobles
B. Wealth was linked with landed
property
C. Feudal had no interest in political
life
D. Feudal lord divided his land as he
liked
E. The vassal had allegiance to the lord.
551. Point out which of the following
is not true of feudal system?
A. Vassal was not obliged to render
any military service
B. Concept of nation was not known to
the individual
C. There was no uniform system of law
D. There was hierarchy of authority
552. Which one of the following is
not true about the characteristics of
the church of fourth century?
A. It became very strong
B. It became very weak
C. It helped in the growth of strong
state
D. It began to perform some functions
of the state
E. It helped in the preservation of peace
553. Which one of the following is
not true of church of the fourth
century?
A. Pope began to claim himself as
superior over king
B. There was a conflict between the
pope and the state
C. The pope and the state lived in
perfect harmony
D. Church was a pure institution
554. Which one of the following did
not contribute in the consolidation of
power of the kings in modern state
during 16th and 17th centuries?
A. Desire of the people to have strong
monarchy
B. Resentment against church
C. Resentment against feudal system
D. Desire for security by the people
E. Conflict between the church and
the state
555. Which one of the following most
seriously challenged the absolute
authority of the king in the 17th
century?
A. Middle class
B. Nobility
C. Industrial class
D. Colonial policy
556. Which one of the following are
not the characteristics of colonial
empire?
A. There is naked exploitation of the
people of the colony
B. The interests of the people of the
colony are very much protected
C. Resources of the colony are not used
for collective welfare
D. The people of the colony given a
share in the running of their own
administration
557. Which one of the following is
not an important factor for having
colonial empire?
A. Scientific discoveries
B. Individual advancement
C. Desire to live in peace
D. Need for markets for dumping
52
goods
E. None of the above
558. The basic of oriental empire
was: ____________?
A. Despotic king
B. Power of religion
C. Fear of Gad
D. Love for national culture
559. In the city state the king was:
_________?
A. Despotic
B. Philosopher
C. Hereditary
D. Deputy of God on earth
560. Henry Maine has supported
about origin of state:
A. Parriarchal theory
B. Matriarchal theory
C. Theory of divine origin
D. Evolutionary theory.
561. About the origin of the state
social contract theory replaced:
__________?
A. Force theory
B. Divine origin theory
C. Patriarchal theory
D. Matriarchal theory
E. Evolutionary theory
562. Who of the following has said,
that ‘man was born free and today
he is everywhere in chains?
A. Hobbes
B. Machiavelli
C. Hegel
D. Rousseau
E. T.H. Green
563. Which of the following is not
true of feudal state?
A. In it office was distributed on
merit
B. In it office was distributed on hereity
basis
C. In it land indicated wealth
D. In it feudal-lord took interest in
political developments
564. Which of the following theories
is the most acceptable theories
regarding the origin of state:
A. Divine Origin Theory
B. Social Contract Theory
C. Force Theory
D. Evolutionary Theory
565. Which one of the followings is
the oldest theory regarding the origin
of state:
A. Force Theory
B. Patriarchal Theory
C. Social Contract Theory
D. Divine Origin Theory
566. The Divine Origin Theory of
state holds:
A. The state was created by a Saint
named Divine
B. State was created by God
C. State was created by majority vote
D. State was created by the Pope
567. The Divine Origin Theory laid
emphasis on:___________?
A. Close co-operation between
religion and politics
B. Complete separation of religion and
politics
C. Domination of religion by the King
D. Equality of all men
568. The Divine Origin Theory laid
emphasis on:
A. Divine rights of king
B. Complete freedom for the people
C. Subordination of the King to Pope
D. Regulation of state affairs in
accordance with laws of Bible
53
569. The Divine Origin Theory
given:
A. No right to people to revolt
against the ruler
B. Right to people to revolt against the
ruler
C. Right to revolt only if the king acts
in a tyrannical manner
D. Right to revolt only if he acts
against the principles of religion
570. Which one of the following has
been wrongly listed as a shortcoming
of the Divine Origin Theory?
A. It is dangerous because it leaves
sufficient scope for the ruler to assume
despotic powers
B. It leads to political stagnation and
hampers progress
C. It is based on superstition and does
not appeal to reason
D. It is not supported by history.
571. Which one of the following
merits of Divine Origin Theory has
been wrongly enumerated:
A. It disciplined the primitives man
B. It taught the primitive man the value
of obedience
C. It made the primitive man
religious and superstitious
D. It helped the ruler to establish peace
and order by claiming divine descent
572. The Force Theory regarding the
origin of state believes that:
A. Church is superior to the state
B. The state is superior to the Church
C. The Church and the State enjoy
equal powers
D. There is no relationship between the
State and the Church
573. In modern times the Force
Theory found a strong advocate in:
__________?
A. Lenin 579. One of the earliest theories
B. Hitler about the origin of the state is:
C. Winston Churchill A. Evolutionary theory
D. Mahatma Gandhi B. Social contract theory
C. Theory of Divine origin
574. Social contract theory primarily D. Theory of dialectical materialism
dealt with:____________?
A. Nature of state 580. The theory which is today
B. Origin of state accepted as the most widely accepted
C. Purpose of state theory about the origin of the state
D. Function of state is:_________?
E. None of these A. Divine origin theory
B. Social contract theory
575. Point out one of the theories C. Marxist theory
which stresses that state is D. Evolutionary theory.
handiwork of God:
A. Evolutionary theory 581. Who supported Patriarchal
B. Patriarchal theory theory about the origin of the state?
C. Matriarchal theory A. Sorel
D. Theory of Divine origin B. Duguit
E. Theory of Divine origin C. Laski
D. Morgar
576. Who advocated that the state is
the expansion of family? 582. Theory of Divine Origin of State
A. Aristotle supports:
B. Hobbes A. Aristocracy
C. Rousseau B. Bureaucracy
D. T.H. Green C. Constitutional monarchy
D. Absolute monarchy
577. General will as expounded by
Rousseau is sum total of: 583. The state of nature was
__________? substituted by:_________?
A. Real wills A. Civil society
B. Majority wills B. Anarchy
C. Minority wills C. Lawlessness
D. Will of the elites D. Police state
E. Natural contract
578. Which of the following theory
about the origin of the state is closest 584. According to the Force Theory:
to Darwin’s theory of the survival of A. Force was one of the important
the fittest? factors for the origin of the state
A. Force theory B. Force was the sole factor
B. Patriarchal theory responsible for the origin of the state
C. Matriarchal theory C. Will, not force, is the best is of state
D. Evolutionary theory D. Spiritual force was the most
E. Theory of Divine Rights important factor in the growth of the

54
state
585. The Patriarchal theory of the
Origin of State holds that:
A. The eldest male member was the
head of the family
B. The eldest female member was the
head of the family
C. The King was the agent of God on
this earth
D. None of the above
586. The Patriarchal theory of the
origin of state is associated with the
name of: _________?
A. Jenks
B. Henry Maine
C. Laski
D. Morgan
587. The Matriarchal theory of the
origin of state is associated with:
__________?
A. Sir Henry Maine
B. Adam Smith
C. Herbert
D. Jenks
588. According to the Matriarchal
theory the head of the family was:
___________?
A. The eldest male member
B. The eldest female member
C. Nominated by the King
D. Nominated by the Chief Priest
589. The Social Contract theory
deals with:__________?
A. The nature of State
B. The tunctions of State
C. The purpose of State
D. The origin of State
590. The three most prominent
exponents of Social Contract theory
were:__________?
A. Austin, Bodin and Hobbes
55
B. Hobbes, locke and Rousseau
C. MacIver, Laski and Rousseau
D. J.S. Mill, Adam Smith and Hobbes.
591. The Social Contract theory
holds ______________?
A. Man is a social animal and cannot
live outside the society
B. State is the result of slow process of
evolution
C. State was created through a contract
concluded in the sixteenth century
D. State was created as a result of
contract concluded by the people
living in the pre-civil society
592. The Social Contract theory is
based on: _____________?
A. Nationalism
B. Constitutionalism
C. Individualism
D. Socialism
593. All the Social Contractualists
talk of State of Nature, which means:
_____________?
A. The role played by the nature in the
creation of state
B. The conditions existing prior to
the creation of the state
C. A study of the various stages of the
development of state
D. A study of the nature of state
594. The book in which Hobbes gave
theory of Social Contract is entitled:
A. Leviathan
B. Social contract theory
C. A History of Political Theory
D. The Modern State
595. According to Hobbes the state of
Nature was a period
of:___________?
A. Peace and plenty
B. Constant warfare
C. Peace and scarcity
D. Religious dominance
596. According to Hobbes people in
the state of nature enjoyed:
_____________?
A. Only the right to life, liberty and
property
B. No rights
C. Only economic rights
D. Unspecified natural rights
597. Hobbes holds that under the
contract which resulted in the
creation of state:
A. People surrendered all their rights
to the sovereign unconditionally
B. People surrendered their rights
subject to certain conditions
C. Surrendered only their rights to
property and religion
D. People refused to surrender their
rights
598. In the contract envisaged by
Hobbes:
A. Sovergign was a party to the
contract
B. Sovereign refused to become a party
to the contract
C. Sovereign accpeted only limited
obligations
D. Sovereign came into being as a
result of the Contract
599. According to Hobbes the people:
A. Were free to revoke the contract
B. Could amend the contract by two-
thirds majority
C. Could not revoke the contract
D. Automatically lapsed if one of the
parties failed to carry out its part of
obligations
600. Hobbes says that the people:
A. Could disobey the orders of the
sovereign
56
B. Could not disobey the orders of
the sovereign
C. Could disobey the sovereign after
giving him due notice
D. Could disobey the orders only if
they were illegal.
601. After the creation of state, according to
Hobbes, people continued to enjoy:
A. Certain natural rights
B. Those rights which were granted to them
by the sovereign
C. Those rights which they had retained at the
time of the conclusion of the contract
D. Only those rights which were specified in
the contract
602. Hobbes gives right to the individual:
A. To disobey the sovereign under certain
conditions
B. Not to disobey the sovereign under any
condition
C. To disobey the sovereign only if he acts
against national interest
D. To disobey the sovereign if he fails to act in
accordance with the terms of the contract
603. Which one of the following statements
sums up Hobbes’s views about the nature of
man:
A. Man is a social animal
B. Man is co-operative sympathetic towards
members of society
C. Man is essentially peace loving
D. Man is selfish and quarrelsome
604. According to Hobbes the sovereign
was:__________?
A. A part to the contract
B. The result of the contract
C. Elected after the conclusion of the contract
D. Accountable to the people
605. John Locke, a proponent of Social
Contract theory, hailed from:
A. France
B. Germany
C. Britain
D. U.S.A.
606. Locke advocated his theory
in:_____________?
A. The sixteenth century
B. The seventeenth century
C. Twelfth century
D. The eighteenth century
607. Locke propounded his theory of Social
Contract in the book entitled:
A. Lectures on Jurisprudence
B. Two Treatises on Civil Government
C. Social Contract
D. Representative Government
608. The state of nature, according to
Locke, was: _____________?
A. A period of lawlessness
B. A period of peace and reason
C. A period of constant warfare
D. A period of peace in certain areas and war
in other areas
609. According to Locke people in the state
of nature enjoyed only:___________.
A. Divine rights
B. Natural rights
C. Legal rights
D. Religious rights
610. The important rights enjoyed by the
people in the state of nature, says Locke
were:
A. Right to life, liberty and property
B. Right to religion, worship and conscience
C. Right to participate in affair of government
D. People enjoyed no rights all all.
611. According to Locke people in the state
of nature:
A. Had-certain duties but no rights
B. Had certain rights only
C. Had both rights and duties
D. Had neither rights nor duties
612. According to Locke the people in the
state of nature:
A. Were governed by the laws enacted by the
Sovereign
B. Were governed by laws enacted by the
people
C. Were governed by the laws of nature
D. Had no laws at all
613. Locke says that people left the state of
nature,
A. Because they were fed up with the
perpetual warfare
B. Because they were fed up with the
57
autocratic rule of the King
C. Because of divine intervention
D. Because of the inconvenience caused by
different interpretations of laws of nature of
different members
614. Locke envisages:
______________________?
A. One contract – Social Contract
B. Two contracts – Social and Governmental
C. Three contracts – Social, Economic and
Political
D. One contract – Governmental
615. According to Locke the contract was
concluded:
A. Only by the Heads of families
B. By the Feudal Lords alone
C. By all male members
D. By all members of the community
616. According to Locke under the contract
people surrendered:
A. All rights
B. Only the natural rights
C. Only right to property
D. Only right to interpret and enforce the
laws of nature
617. Locke concedes to sovereign:
A. Only limited authority
B. Absolute authority
C. No authority at all
D. None of the above
618. According to Locke the sovereign:
A. Was a party to the contract
B. Was born out of the contract
C. Stood outside the contract
D. None of the above
619. The main function of the sovereign,
according to Locke was: ____________?
A. To enact laws
B. To modify the laws according to needs of
time
C. To enforce the laws
D. To interpret the laws
620. Locke’s sovereign
was:_______________?
A. Above law
B. Bound by the existing laws
C. The chief creator of all laws
D. None of the above.

621. According to Locke the government
was created for the purpose
of:____________?A. Maintenance of law and
order
B. Protection of country from outside
aggression
C. Promotion of welfare of the community
D. Protection of natural rights
622. Locke concedes to the people:
A. The right to change the government any
time they like
B. No right to change the government
C. Change the government if it fails to
perform its part of contract
D. Change the government if it imposes heavy
taxation
623. The Social Contract Theory of
Rousseau is: ____________?
A. Identical to the theory of Hobbes
B. Identical to the theory of Locke
C. Has no resemblance with the views of
either Hobbes or Locke
D. Combines the points of theories of both
Hobbes and Locke
624. Who said: “good citizens make a good
state and bad citizens make a bad state”?
A. Kant
B. Aristotle
C. Marx
D. None of these
625. The view that “State is an executive
committee of the exploiting class” is
associated with:
A. The Idealists
B. The Anarchists
C. The Marxists
D. All the above
626. The statement “State is an ethical
institution which is indispensable for the
full moral development of man” is
associated with the:
A. Marxists
B. Idealist
C. Anarchists
D. Individualists
627. One of the major factor which
contributed to the decline of the Holy
Roman Empire was ___________?
58
A. Disappearance of the Pope
B. Foreign aggression
C. Challenge of bourgeoisie class
D. None of the above
628. The position of the Kings during the
Holy Roman Empire was rendered weak
due to:_________?
A. Non-assertion of their authority
B. The rise of the class of feudal lords
C. Usurpation of their power by the Pope
D. Rise of feudal lords and Popes
629. Absence of unity was a characteristic
of: ___________?
A. The ancient city state
B. The Roman Empire
C. The Holy Roman Empire
D. The nation state
630. In Ancient city-state citizenship was
available to:_____________?
A. All adult discrimination
B. All persons except the slaves and
foreigners
C. All persons who rendered military service
D. All persons who either paid taxes or
rendered military service.
631. The historical theory of the origin of
the state asserts that the state
is:_____________?
A. A creation of God at a point of time in the
past
B. A product of compact between individuals
in the remote past
C. A result of surrender of the vanquished
tribe to the conquering tribe
D. An outcome of gradual and continuous
development of human society out of an
imperfect beginning towards a more perfect
organization
632. Who wrote the following terms of the
social contract? “I authorise and give up my
right of governing myself to this man, or to
this assembly of men, on this condition that
thou give up thy right to him, and authorise
all his actions in the like manner”.
A. Rousseau
B. Locke
C. Hobbes
D. Spinoza
633. The nation state came into existence
after:___________?
A. The decline of the Roman Empire
B. The decline of the Feudal state
C. The decline of the Colonial Empires
D. The decline of the imperial states of
orient
634. Hobbes put forth theory of Social
Contract with a view to:__________?
A. Defend the absolute powers of the
monarchy
B. Assert the right of the people to rule
themselves
C. Assert the authority of the Parliament
D. Justify the dominance of the aristocratic
classes
635. The Evolutionary theory holds
that:__________?
A. The state was created during the early
periods of human history
B. State was created by revolution
C. State was created in the fourteenth century
D. State is the result of slow process of
growth
636. The theory of origin of state which
holds that the state is the result of slow
process of growth is known as:__________?
A. Organic Theory
B. Social Contract Theory
C. Evolutionary Theory
D. Patriarchal Theory
637. Which one of the followings is accepted
as the true theory of the origin of state?
A. Divine Right theory
B. Force theory
C. Social Contract theory
D. Evolutionary theory
638. Who said that “Man is born free, and
everywhere he is in chains”?
A. Aristotle
B. Marx
C. Rousseau
D. Locke
639. The Social Contract theory replaced:
A. The Force theory
B. Divine Origin theory
C. Patriarchal theory
D. Matriarchal theory
640. Who out of the followings made out a
59
case for absolute monarchy:
A. Hobbes
B. Locke
C. T.H.Green
D. Rousseau.
641. The view that the state arose not as the
creator of law but the interpreter and
enforcer of customs was expressed
by:_________?
A. Hobbes
B. Marx
C. Locke
D. Rousseau
642. Rousseau’s Social Contract theory
exercised immense influence
on:__________?
A. The Glorious Revolution of 1688 in
England
B. The French Revolution of 1779
C. The French Revolution of October 1917
D. The American War of independence
643. The Social Contract theory paved the
way for:_________?
A. Rise of absolute monarchy
B. Introduction of direct democracy
C. Growth of autocratic systems of governent
D. Democracy
644. One of the major contributions of the
Social Contract theory is that:
A. It assumes that the relationship between the
state and individual is voluntary
B. It assumes that the individual made the
contract for personal safety and security of
personal property
C. It assumes that a contract is possible outside
the state
D. It gave a death blow to the ‘Divine
Origin theory’ and paved the way for
democracy
645. Which one of the following defects of
the Social Contract theory is correct?
A. It attached undue importance to religion
B. It attached too much of importance to force
C. It supported the ‘Divine Right of the Kings’
D. It is historically wrong
646. The Principle of ‘public good’ was
borrowed by Rousseau from:
A. J.S. Mill
B. T.H. Green
C. Locke A. Each individual surrendered his powers to
D. Bentham the King
B. Each individual surrendered his powers to
647. Roussean borrowed the concept of the Parliament
absolute sovereignty from: C. Each individual surrendered his powers
A. Hobbes to the Community
B. Locke D. Each person received certain rights from
C. Bodin the King
D. Austin
655. Rousseau advocated his theory of
648. The General Will, is: Social Contract in the book:
_______________? A. Social Contract
A. Permanent B. Origin of the Species
B. Keeps on changing according to time and C. Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire
place D. Modern State
C. Purely Temporary
D. Highly flexible 656. Rousseau hailed from __________?
A. Britain
649. The General Will according to B. Germany
Rousseau is:_________? C. France
A. Always right D. Russia
B. Generally right
C. Never right 657. According to Rousseau the two
D. Can be both right and wrong instincts, which governed the action of man
in the state of nature, were:
650. The General Will is: A. Fear and religion
A. Non-sovereign B. Self-interest and fear
B. Sovereign C. Self-preservation and sympathy towards
C. Ejoys only limited sovereignty others
D. Legally sovereign. D. Protection of life and property

651. The General Will means:
_________________?
A. Will of the majority
B. Unanimous will
C. Collection of individual wills
D. Will of the community viewed as a living
and rational political organism
652. Which one of the following thinkers is
connected with the concept of General Will?
A. Hobbes
B. Locke
C. Rousseau
D. T.H. Green
653. Rousseau was an advocate of:
__________?
A. Popular Sovereignty
B. Individual Sovereignty
C. Political Sovereignty
D. Legal Sovereignty
654. Under Rousseau’s contract:
658. The state of nature, according to
Rousseau, was: ___________?
A. A period of peace and happiness
B. A period of constant warfare
C. A period of great uncertainty
D. A period of selfishness
659. The two important factors, which
according to Rousseau compelled the people
to leave the state of nature and create the
state were:
A. Growth of population and property
B. Emergence of strong religious and military
classes
C. Fear of foreign danger and need of a strong
ruler to protect them
D. Growth of property and fear of revolution
660. The contract envisaged by Rousseau
was: __________?
A. Both the social contract
B. A social contract
C. A political contract

60
D. A legal contract
661. The book “Origin of the Family,
Private Property and the State” which
contains an elaborate statement regarding
the origin of state was written
by:__________?
A. Aristotle
B. Plato
C. Max Weber
D. Frederik Engels
662. According to Marxists:
A. State is a welfare institution
B. State is a class structure
C. State is an instrument of emancipation
D. State is a positive good
663. Which one of the following statements
can be attributed to the Marxists?
A. State is the march of God on earth
B. State is an instrument of Exploitation
C. State is a Necessary Evil
D. State is a coordinating agency
664. Who said that ‘The State is nothing
more than a machine’ for the oppression of
one class by another?
A. T.H. Green
B. Plato
C. Marx
D. Frederik Engels
665. The ‘primitive society’ was regulated
by: _________?
A. Force
B. Written laws
C. Religious rules
D. Conventions and customs
666. According to Marxists in the primitive
society the natural resources were under the
control of:________?
A. The King
B. The priests
C. All the people
D. Military leaders
667. The Marxists believe that the class
distinctions made their appearance:
A. In the primitive society itself
B. After man started leading settled life and
took to cultivation
C. After the industrial revolution
D. After the rise of nation state
61
668. According to Marxists the slave owning
society:
A. Preceded the creation of the state
B. Followed the creation of the state
C. Did not exist at all
D. None of the prove
669. The Marxists believe that the state was
created for:________?
A. Maintenance of law and order
B. Protection of weaker sections
C. Elimination of slavery
D. Suppression and exploitation of slaves
670. According to Marxists the capitalist
state made its appearance:
A. In the fourteenth century
B. Towards the close of eighteenth century
C. In the middle of the nineteenth century
D. Only after people took to cultivation
671. The Marxists believe that there cannot
be any democracy in the capitalist society
because:
A. People are not granted any political
freedom
B. Power is in the hands of the politicians
C. Elections are held after long interval
D. Power is in the hands of rich classes
672. The Marixsts want to do away with
capitalist state by:___________?
A. Educating the people about the evils of the
capitalist state
B. Securing majority in elections
C. Constant discussion and persuasion
D. Violent revolution
673. One of the chief functions of the
proletarian state according to Marx
is:_________?
A. To bring about revolution for the overthrow
of capitalist system
B. To promote Marxian ideology by
regulation of education, art, culture, etc.
C. To impart compulsory military training to
all able-bodied persons
D. To improve the health of the people
674. The ultimate objective of Marxists is:
__________?
A. To establish an omnipotent state
B. To establish a very weak state
C. To establish a state which is run in
accordance with the wishes of people
D. Stateless society
675. The most important feature of the state
according to the Marxists is: _________?
A. Oppression of one class by another
B. Protection of weaker sections
C. Elimination of inequalities
D. Removal of disparities
676. The concept of dictatorship of
proletariat was elaborated by: _________?
A. Karl Marx in Das Capital
B. Marx and Engels jointly in Communist
Manifesto
C. Engels in the Origin of Family, Private
Property and State
D. Lenin in State and revolution.
677. The proletariat state according to
Marxist thinkers is an instrument of:
________?
A. Suppression of majority by the minority
B. Suppression of minority by the majority
C. Putting an end to all types of suppression
D. Establishing cordial relations between
various sections of society
678. Which one of the following purposes of
“Dictatorship of Proletariat” has been
wrongly listed?
A. Suppression of bourgeoisie
B. Guidance to the people regarding economic
and social reconstruction
C. Inculcation of spirit of religion
D. To work for a classless and stateless society
679. Who said that the dictatorship of
proletariat is ‘the essence of Marx’s
doctrine’?
A. Marx
B. Lenin
C. Mao
D. Hegel
680. The Mandan theory of the origin of
state has been condemned because it:
A. Considers state as a natural institution?
B. Considers state as a divine institution
C. Considers state as an instrument of class
coercion
D. Considers state as the first condition of
civilisation.
62
681. According to Marxists state uses
institutions like army, police and courts for:
A. Promotion of common good
B. Doing away the inequalities existing in the
society
C. Promotion of the interests of the
dominating class
D. Protecting the weaker section of the society
682. Marxists are in favour of:
___________?
A. Doing away with the state
B. Restricting the activities of state
C. Granting greater powers to state
D. Granting only military and police functions
to the state
683. According to Marxists, the primitive
society, which existed before the creation of
state, worked on the principle:
A. Might is right
B. Survival of the fittest
C. From each according to his needs
D. None of the above
684. According to Marxists ‘Primitive
Communism’ is the period.
A. Which will precede the final withering
away of the state and establishment of a
Communist State
B. Which will flow in the wake of the
revolution
C. Of the final state of Communism
D. Prior to the creation of the state
685. The ‘primitive society’ which existed
prior to the creation of the state according
to Marxists was
A. Characterised by class struggle
B. A classless society
C. A class and co-operative society
D. Having only four classes
686. According to the Marxists the state is:
__________?
A. A divine institution
B. A natural institution
C. A man made institution
D. Result of evolution
687. The proletarian state envisaged by
Marx is: __________?
A. The state which will be established after
the overthrow of the capitalist state as a C. The state is an instrument for the promotion
transitory measure of the welfare of the people
B. A state in which the factory workers would D. The states is a machine through which
control all the means of production and the ruling class imposes its will on the rest
distribution of the people
C. A state in which the real power will be in
the hands of peasants and farmers 694. Who said “The history of all hitherto
D. A stateless and classless society, which the existing society is the history of class
Marxists ultimately wish to establish struggles”?
A. Hegel
688. What is the correct order according to B. Marx
Lenin’s scheme of socialist transition? C. Max Weber
A. Dictatorship of proletariat, withering away D. Arendt
of the state, socialism, communism
B. Dictatorship of proletariat, socialism, 695. According to Marx the modern
withering away of the state, communism bourgeois society is characterized by
C. Socialism, dictatorship of the proletariat, struggle between:
withering away of the state, communism A. Capitalist and socialists
D. Dictatorship of the proletariat, communism, B. Free men and slaves
withering away of the state, socialism C. Capitalist and worker
D. Patrician and Plebeian
689. According to Marxists the state is:
____________? 696. The Marxist theory lays great
A. A divine institution emphasis on: _________?
B. A natural institution A. Materialistic aspect
C. A man made institution B. Social and religious aspects
D. Result of evolution C. Political aspects
D. All the above
690. The concept of dictatorship of
proletariat was elaborated by: 697. According to Marx:
___________?
A. Marx and Engels jointly in Communist A. State arises when there exploitation of
Manifesto labour by capital
B. Karl Marx in Das Capital B. State arises when class antagonism cannot
C. Engels in the Origin of Family, Private be reconciled
Property and State C. State arises when population of the
D. Lenin in State and Revolution proletariat increases
D. State arises when the proletariat class tries
691. What was the contribution of Lenin to to overthrow capitalist class
the development of Marxism?
A. Labour theory of value 698. “The history of all hitherto existing
B. Theory of surplus value societies is the history of class struggles”.
C. Theory of class struggle This expression is to be found in:
D. Principle of democratic-centralism A. Anti-Duhring
B. The Communist Manifesto
692. What was the contribution of Lenin to C. State and Revolution
the development of Marxism? D. German Ideology
A. Plato
B. Marx 699. Surplus value means:
C. T.H. Green A. Excessive value
D. Sorel B. Low price
C. High profit
693. According to the Marxists: D. Difference between wages and proceeds
A. The state is man’s natural destination of sales
B. The state is a necessary evil

63
700. “The evolution of economic production 707. Marx borrowed from Hegel
in a society determines its institutional and A. Materialist Philosophy
ideological superstructure”. Who among B. Labour Theory of value
the following is the author of this C. Concept of stateless society
statement? D. Dialectical method
A. Max Weber
B. Marx 708. According to Marx the motive force of
C. Hegel history is: ________?
D. J.S Mills. A. God’s will
B. Great Ideas
701.Which one of the following is not C. Great Personalities
written by Karl Marx? D. Forces of Production
A. German Ideology
B. Communist Manifesto 709. Which one of the followings believed in
C. Paris manuscripts class struggle?
D. Poverty of Utopia A. Tom Paine
B. J.S.Mill
702. The Marxists believe that the state was C. Karl Marx
created for: __________? D. Max Weber
A. Maintenance of law and order
B. Protection of weaker sections of society 710. Dictatorship of proletariat means:
C. Elimination of slavery A. Dictatorial rule of capitalist class
D. Suppression and exploitation of have B. Rule of feudal class
notes C. Dictatorial rule of Working class
D. Dictatorial rule of a King
703. The Marxist Theory has advocated:
A. Capitalism
B. Communism 711. In the past state used to perform:
C. Feudalism A. Welfare functions
D. Communalism B. Police functions
C. Optional functions
704. According to the Marxist theory: D. Maximum functions for human
A. The state has been created by God development
B. The state has been created through a social
contract 712. According to Karl Marx, state:
C. The state is growth, not a make A. Protects the interests of the poor
D. The state is based on the economic factor B. Gives maximum happiness to maximum
number of people
C. Promotes exploitation of poor by the rich
705. Which one of the following theories is D. Promotes moral welfare of the people
associated with the concept of stateless
society? 713. Most important responsibility of a
A. Socialism welfare state is: __________?
B. Individualism A. To preserve private property
C. Idealism B. To promote religion of people
D. Anarchism C. To check exploitation
D. To check encroachments on fundamental
706. According to Marx the state promotes: rights
A. Common good
B. Good of the poor people 714. Public opinion means:
C. And defends the interests propertied A. Sum-total of confused and incoherent
classes opinions held by different groups of citizens
D. Conditions which are conducive to man’s B. Unanimous opinion of all the citizens
moral development C. A definite opinion, which is the result of
a process of clarification and co-ordination

64
of views held by different persons B. Karl Marx
D. Majority opinion C. T.H. Green
D. None of the above
715. In ancient India most important
function of the state was __________? 723. Which one of the following thinkers
A. To expand put forth the idea of a welfare state?
B. To give economic prosperity to the people A. Hobbes
C. To prserve private property of citizens B. Locke
D. To promote dharma C. Laski
D. Marx
716. In a secular state the religion:
A. Of majority is promoted 724. In the light of the functions performed
B. Of minority is protected by a modern state it can be described as a:
C. Of State is promoted _________?
D. Has nothing to do with politics A. Socialist state aims at bringing about
peaceful changes
717. Idealism was essentially: B. Welfare state
A. Democratic ideology C. Totalitarian state
B. Totalitarian ideology D. None of the above
C. An elitist ideology
D. An aristocratic ideology 725. Which one of the following theories
regarding functions of state stands
718. The individualists regarded the state discharged at present?
as: __________? A. Socialist Theory
A. An evil B. Welfare Theory
B. A necessary evil C. Idealists
C. A positive good D. None of the above
D. An idealist institution
726. Which of the following statements is
719. Who said that Socialism is chameleon the most convincing example of the liberal-
like creed? democratic concept of welfare state: The
A. Karl Marx state should seek to _________?
B. Lenin A. Eradicate class conflicts by assuming
C. Ramsay Muir direction and control over economic policies
D. T.H. Green B. Provide for its citizens a minimum of
material well being without destroying
720. Socialism is essentially a movement of: private initiative
___________? C. Provide for its citizens a maximum of
A. The poor people material well-being so as to ensure
B. The middle classes reconciliation of partisan objectives
C. The workers D. Eradicate contradiction between political
D. Intellectuals power and socio-economic justice

721. According to the individualists the best 727. Who of the following advocated the
judge of the interests of individuals is: principle of ‘Survival of the fittest’?
________? A. Adam Smith
A. The state B. Laski
B. The individual himself C. Herbert Spencer
C. The Parliament D. Marx
D. None of the above
728. Laski regarded the government as:
722. The best exposition of the liberal ________?
nature of the functions of state was offered A. Trustees of people
by: ________? B. A servant of people
A. John Locke C. A master of people

65
D. None of the above B. Collectivism
C. Syndicalism
729. Who of the following regarded the state D. Utopian Socialism
as necessary evil?
A. Marxists 737. A socialist state lays emphasis on:
B. Anarchists __________?
C. Individualists A. Political liberty
D. All the above B. Economic equality
C. Right to private property
730. Who said ‘The individual’? D. Independence of judiciary
A. T.H. Green
B. Hitler 738. The objective of a Socialist state is to:
C. Aristotle __________?
D. Bosanquet A. Establish a just and equitable society
B. Perpetuate existing class distinctions
731. The Welfare state aims at: _________? C. Do away with the institution of the state
A. Abolition of private property D. Establish a stateless and classless society
B. Creation of a classless society
C. Abolition of religion 739. A Socialist state stands for:
D. Promotion of material welfare of the ___________?
individual A. Free economic competition
B. Social control of the means of production
732. Which one of the following state enjoys and distribution
the distinction of being the first socialist C. Class-struggle
state of the world? D. Abolition of state
A. Soviet Union
B. U.S.A. 740. A Socialist state stands for: _________?
C. Britain A. Leaving the individual completely free
D. China B. Assigning only police functions to state
C. Provision of maximum opportunities of
733. According to the Liberal thinkers the progress to all members of the community
functions of the state should be: ________? D. Raising the living standard of the poor and
A. Unlimited down-trodden
B. Limited
C. Controlled
D. Uncontrolled 741. Who said that “Socialism is like a hat
that has lost its shape because everybody
734. A socialist state lays emphasis on: wears it”:
________? A. G.D.H. Cole
A. Political liberty B. C.E.M.Joad
B. Economic equality C. T.H.Green
C. Right to private property D. H.J.Laski
D. Independence of judiciary
742. The term socialism was first used by:
735. The theory of Scientific Socialism is __________?
largely based on the teachings of: A. Kroptikan
________? B. Marx
A. Karl Marx C. Robert Owen
B. Lenin D. Bentham
C. Stalin
D. Chou-En Lai 743. In the economic sphere the Socialists
are in favour of: ________?
736. The Socialism advocated by Robert A. Free competition
Owen is known as: ________? B. Regulation of means of production and
A. Scientific Socialism distribution

66
C. Non-interference in the economic activities
D. Multi-nationals
744. The Socialists consider the state as:
_________?
A. A necessary evil
B. An instrument of exploitation
C. A divine institution
D. A positive good
745. A welfare state believes in:
__________?
A. Principle of equal taxation
B. Taxing only the industrialists
C. Graded taxation
D. No taxation
746. A welfare state: __________?
A. Does not impose any restriction on
individual liberty
B. Restricts individual liberty
C. Has nothing to do with liberty
D. Allows only economic liberty
747. One of the protective functions
performed by the welfare state is:
__________?
A. Provision of education
B. Regulation of working conditions
C. Protection of health
D. Protection of family and property
748. A welfare state performs:
___________?
A. Only walfare functions
B. Only protective functions
C. Both protective and welfare functions
D. Either protective or welfare function
749. Which one of the functions listed below
falls in the category of compulsory
functions?
A. Regulation of trade and industry
B. Protection of health and provision of
medical relief
C. Maintenance of civil and criminal courts
D. Maintenance of works of public utility
750. Which one of the following functions of
state has been wrongly listed as its
compulsory function?
A. Maintenance of law and order
B. Protection of country against outside
aggression
C. Maintenance of law courts and settlement
67
of disputes among individuals
D. Promotion of education
751. The compulsory functions of state
imply the functions: __________?
A. Which are performed by most of the states
B. Which are performed by all states
C. Which every state must perform to
justify its existence
D. Concerning the protection of life and
property
752. A Welfare state aims at:
A. Providing minimum living standard to
all the citizens
B. Improving the lot of the weaker sections
C. Controlling all the means of production and
distribution
D. The welfare of the ruling class
753. The modern state has been described
as: __________?
A. A welfare state
B. An exploitative state
C. A moral institution
D. A police state
754. The chief exponent of the Utilitarian
philosophy was: ___________?
A. Locke
B. Rousseau
C. Bentham
D. Laski
755. According to monistic theory about the
functions of the state: __________?
A. Individual has nothing to do with state
B. Individual and state must exist for each
other
C. Individual should surrender very little to the
state
D. State should perform minimum functions
756. Who believed that the state should
protect and restrain and not foster and
promote?
A. The Absolutists
B. The socialists
C. The Fabian Socialists
D. The Monistic
757. Who believes that individual
independent in his own way dependent on
others? C. MacIver
A. The Monistic D. Gilchrist
B. The Dualists E. Gettell
C. The Socialists
D. The Anarchists 765. Idealistic Theory is also called:
_________?
758. Who said that the state is individual A. Socialistic theory
magnified? B. Divine theory
A. Plato C. Anarchist theory
B. G.B. Vico D. Metaphysical theory
C. Waltair
D. Marx 766. The Idealists have: ______________?
A. Glorified state
759. Who said that individual is an instinct B. Given minimum functions to state
part of the state? C. Given only welfare functions to state
A. Aristotle D. Have given individuals right to revolt
B. Locke against the state
C. Rousseau
D. Lenin 767. Bosanquest’s name is associated with:
E. St. Thomas Acquinas ____________?
A. Organic theory
760. Who believed that head of the state is B. Idealist theory
comparable to the spirit of human body? C. Anarchist theory
A. Grotius D. Socialist theory
B. St. Paul E. Syndicalists theory
C. Bluntschli
D. Cicero 768. Whose name is associated with Idealist
E. Locke theory of the state?
A. Hegel
761. Who said that state is image of human B. Grotius
organism? C. J.S. Mill
A. Locke D. James Mill
B. Bluntschli
C. Mosaca 769. Who said that state existed for the life
D. August Comte and continues to exist for the sake of good
life?
762. Whose name is primarily associated A. Plato
with organic theory of the state? B. Aristotle
A. August Comte C. Spencer
B. MacIver D. Montesquieu
C. Herbert Spencer E. G.B. Vico
D. T.H. Green
770. Who said that state is march of God on
763. Organic theory of the state gave set earth?
back to:_________? A. Locke
A. Theory of Divine Origin B. Rousseau
B. Anarchists C. Hegel
C. Syndicalists D. Montesquieu
D. Theory of Social Contract
771. India is a secular state because in it
764. Who said that organic theory of the there is: __________?
state is not a trustworthy guide to state A. Equality of status
activity? B. Social Justice.
A. Ebestein C. Equality before law
B. Leacock D. Liberty of worship

68
E. Courts have power of judicial
interpretation
772. Essential function of state these days
is:__________?
A. Maintenance of law and order
B. Collection of maximum revenues
C. Punishing of the criminals
D. To maintain good transport system
773. Marx considers state:
A. A means of revolution
B. Class instrument
C. A welfare agency
D. A law-making agency
774. Which is considered as optimal
function of the state?
A. Opening educational institutions
B. Giving justice to the people
C. Preserving life of the people
D. Preserving law and order
775. Which one of the following to day is not
considered as function of the state?
A. Imposing of taxes
B. Interfering in the religion of the people
C. Giving education to the people
D. Protecting one class of people against the
other
776. According to Syndicalists the functions
of the state should be taken over by:
_________?
A. Bureaucrats
B. Priests
C. Syndicates
D. Capitalists
777. According to Individualists state
should: ___________?
A. Be given maximum powers
B. Have maximum interference in individual
affairs
C. Perform maximum optional functions
D. Should least interfere in the affairs of
individuals
778. The individualists believe
that:__________?
A. Individual is the best judge of his
interests
B. He needs others to make min realise his
welfare
C. State looks after best interests of the
69
individuals
D. Guilds can promote individual’s welfare
779. According to Individualists state
activities: _________?
A. Should remain as these are
B. Should be kept to the minimum
C. Should be expanded
D. Should be at the highest ebb
780. According to Absolutists:
A. Individual can develop in the state
B. State does not contribute in individual’s
development
C. State should not keep the individuals in his
sphere of activity
D. Should not maintain law and order
781. According to Anarchists:
________________?
A. The state authority is not being misused
B. The state is using its authority for collective
welfare
C. The state is misusing its authority
D. The state is using its position in favour of
workers
E. State is using its position in favour of
consumers
782. According to Anarchists the present
system of representation?
A. Is very sound
B. Needs great encouragement
C. Should be replaced by functional
representation
D. Is a mockery
783. According to Anarchists the state:
A. Should be given maximum functions
B. Should be given only compulsory functions
C. Should be given both compulsory as well
functions
D. Should immediately be overthrown
784. Guild Socialists believe that:
A. State should perform maximum functions
B. Most of the present day functions of the
state should be performed by guilds
C. State should perform all optional functions
D. State should actively interfere in
individual’s affairs
785. In our modern times the state is
expected to perform:
A. Minimum functions
B. Only compulsory functions
C. Only optional functions individual
D. Both compulsory and optional functions B. It pleads for abolition of the state
C. It pleads for the elimination of military
786. The compulsory functions of the state force
are those which: D. It attaches greater importance to ‘group’
A. State is given by the society to perform rather than ‘individual’
B. State compulsorily takes upon itself
C. State is forced to take upon itself 793. The modern individualists are in
D. If not performed, the state will favour of: __________?
disintegrate A. Maintaining status quo with regard to
functions of state
787. Optional functions of the state are B. Granting larger powers to state
those which: C. Granting only co-ordinate powers to the
A. If not performed, the state will state
disintegrate D. Abolishing the state
B. If not performed the very character of the
state will change 794. Which one of the following thinkers is
C. If not performed the existence of state will associated with the idealist theory of state?
not be in danger A. Hobbes
D. If not performed the people will rise against B. Hegel
the state C. J.S.Mill
D. Laski
788. A welfare of state of today is supposed
to perform: ______________? 795. The idealist theory is also known as:
A. Only compulsory functions _________?
B. Only optional functions A. Socialist Theory
C. Minimum functions B. Welfare Theory
D. Both compulsory and optional functions C. Anarchist Theory
D. Metaphysical Theory
789. According to individualists:
__________? 796. The view that the state is the March of
A. The state is the March of God on this earth God on earth is associated with: ________?
B. State is a positive good A. The Divine Origin Theory
C. State is a moral institution B. The idealists
D. State is a necessary evil C. Historical Theory
D. The Anarchists
790. The individuals were in favour of
leaving the individual completely free 797. The principle of ‘greatest good of the
because: greatest number’ was advocated by:
A. He is quarrelsome ________?
B. He is unsocial A. The Individualists
C. He is a rational being B. The socialists
D. He knows his interest best C. Idealists
D. Utilitarianists
791. Who of the following is considered an
exponent of modern individualism? 798. Which one of the following is also
A. Graham Wallas known as Laissez Faire theory:
B. Laski A. Individualism
C. Leacock B. The socialists
D. Hobbes C. Utilitarianists
D. Idealism
792. The modern individualism differs from
the nineteenth century individualism in so 799. The liberal thinker of the nineteenth
far as: _________? century considered the state as:
A. It pleads for greater freedom for the __________?

70
A. A welfare agency
B. A necessary evil
C. Preserver of Liberty
D. Instrument of exploitation
800. The view that the state is an end in
itself was expressed by:
A. Early Greek thinkers
B. Individualists
C. Marxists
D. Socialists
801. Keeping in view the functions
performed by the modern state it has been
described as: _________?
A. A police state
B. A totalitarian state
C. A totalitarian state
D. A capitalist state
E. A welfare state
802. The monistic theory regarding the
functions of the state is based on the
principle that:
A. The individual and the state exist for
each other
B. The individual exists for sake of the state
C. The state exists for the sake of the
individual
D. The individual and the state are opposed to
each other
803. Which one of the following is correct
about socialist state?
A. There should be social control both over
means of production and distribution
B. There should be social control over means
of production only
C. There should be social control over means
of distribution only
D. There should be no social control over
either means of production or distribution
804. Which one of the following is true
about a welfare state?
A. It believes in imposition of uniform taxes
B. It believes in no taxation
C. It allows economic liberty only
D. It believes in graded taxation
805. Which one of the following are true
views of socialism regarding state?
A. It is means to an end
B. It is an end in itself
71
C. It is both means and an end
D. It is neither means nor end
806. According to welfare theory of the state
which one of the following is not a function
of the state?
A. To own the means of production
B. To open employment exchanges
C. To end social evils
D. To maintain internal order
E. To spread education
807. Which one of the following is correct
about the functions of a welfare state?
A. It should help in the abolition of private
property
B. It should help in the aboliition of state
C. It should aim at abolition of educational
institutions
D. It should aim at promoting material
welfare of the individual
808. According to socialists which one of the
following is not a function of the state?
A. To maintain law and order
B. To own means of production
C. To regulate working hours of workers
D. To remove social evils
E. To promote religion
809. Which one of the following is correct
about socialist views about functions of the
state?
A. It should hinder hindrances
B. Individual is the best judge of his interests
C. It is enemy of the interests of the
individuals
D. Rights of the individual are natural
E. Rights of the individual are social
810. Which one of the following is true
about socialist views about liberty?
A. It means doing what one wants to do
B. It means obeying the orders of the state
C. It means obeying the commands of the
Pope
D. It means development of all the powers
latent in a man
811. Which one of the following are not
correct views about socialist state?
A. It aims at abolotion of private property
B. It aims at promoting freedom of
individual
C. It aims at the abolotion of state D. Communists
D. It aims at establishment of dictatorship of E. Utilitarian
the proletariat
818. Which of the following is considered to
812. Who said that the state should aim at be optional function of the state?
preserving destiny of humanity at A. Imposition of taxes
international level? B. Administration of justice
A. Burgess C. Opening of employment exchanges
B. Bluntschli D. Fixing legal relations between individuals
C. Tucker E. Maintaining of law and order
D. Sorel
E. Duguit 819. Which of the following is true about
nature of liberalism i.e. it is near to?
813. A state, which has no religion of its A. It is individualism
own but protects all religions is called: B. It is democracy
A. Theocratic C. It is socialism
B. ascist D. It is totalitarianism
C. Anarchist theory E. It is individualism plus democracy
D. Secular
E. Absolutist 820. Which of the following is correct about
liberal theory about state?
814. Those who favour the abolition of state A. It is an unnecessary evil
altogether are called: ________? B. It is ethical idea
A. Fascists C. It is march of God on earth
B. Guild Socialists D. It is necessary evil
C. Anarchists E. It is instrument of exploitation
D. Syndicalists
E. Nazis
821. Which of the following preaches the
815. Those who believe that many functions establishment of a stateless society?
of the state should be performed by guilds A. The Idealists
are called: B. The Fascists
A. Syndicalists C. The Individualists
B. Welfare liberals D. The Anarchists
C. Socialists E. The Socialists
D. Marxists
E. Guild socialists 822. Which of the following is not not true
about Indiviudalists views about functions
816. Which of the following functions of the state?
whould not be performed by a modern A. It should promote morality
welfare state? B. It should protect private property
C. It should ensure justice
A. Interference in the religion of the people D. It should maintain law and order
B. Restrictions on economic activities E. It should defend people from foreign
C. Protection of an particular class of citizens invasions
D. Putting of restrictions on the sale of
intoxicating drugs 823. Which of the following is correct about
E. Protecting of citizens from foreign socialism?
aggressions A. State is a necessary evil
B. State is march of God on earth
817. Who of the following said that the state C. State is unnecessary evil
is ‘to hinder hindrances to good life? D. State promotes common good
A. Individualists
B. Liberals 824. Those who believe that the state is an
C. Socialists end in itself believe that:

72
A. Should be widened
B. Should be narrowed down
C. State should have no functions
D. State should perform optional functions
825. Those who believe that the state is
means to an end believe that:
A. Man is the highest aim of perfection
B. Nothing should be left to the individual
C. Individual is not the best judge of his
interests
D. State should bother about removing
hindrances
826. Who said that state came into being for
the sake of life and continues for the sake of
good life?
A. Plato
B. Aristotle
C. Spencer
D. Spinoza
E. Rousseau
831. In so far as limitation on state
authority is concerned, important one is:
__________?
A. Discharge of international obligations
B. Fear of educational institutions
C. Fear of dacoits and robbers
D. Absence of payment of taxes
832. Which of the following is not a
limitation on state authority?
A. Religion and moral
B. Schools and colleges
C. Transport and communication
D. Labour laws
833. Which is the greatest limitation on the
authority of the state?
A. Disruption of transport system
B. Disruption of consumption system
C. Sovereign will of the people
D. Slow land reform system

827. Who of the following believed that state 834. In our times distinction between
was Leviathan? compulsory and optional functions:
A. Hobbes A. Has consiiderably widened
B. Locke B. Has remained as it was
C. Rousseau C. Has altogether come to an end
D. Plato D. Has considerably narrowed down
E. Aristotle
835. Which one of the following is not
828. Who believed that end of the state is compulsory function of state?
good of humanity? A. Enacting a constitution for the people
A. Locke B. Specifying rights and duties of the people
B. Hobbes C. Maintaining armed forces
C. Spencer D. Regulation of labour laws
D. Grotius E. Awarding of pubishment for crimes
E. Hegel
836. Which of the following is not the
829. Who said that everystate activity optional function of the state?
should aim at perfection of national life? A. Maintenance of diplomatic relations
A. Burgess B. Spread of education
B. Garner C. Provide scholoarships for brilliant students
C. Gettell D. To maintain good postal system
D. Rousseau E. To open employment exchanges
E. Bluntschli
837. A modern state is expected:
830. For whom end of the state activity was A. To ensure that citizens have healthy
advancement of civilisation and humanity relations
as a whole: B. Not to bother about individual’s mutual
A. Burgess relations
B. Locke C. Least interfere in individual’s mutual
C. Bluntschli relationship
D. Plato D. None of the above
E. Gettell

73
838. One of the compulsory functions of the
state is to: _________?
A. Defend the people from outside
aggression
B. Regulate working hours of workers
C. To spread education
D. To maintain good transport system
E. To help in the growth of knowledge
839. Which of the following can be called a
secular state namely which:
A. Is anti-religious
B. Is irreligious
C. Declares all religions as state religions
D. Does not distinguish people on the basis
of religion
840. The view that “State comes into
existence for the sake of life and continues
for the sake of good life” was expressed by:
A. Plato
B. Aristotle
C. Bentham
D. Idealists
841. The nineteenth century liberal thinkers
held that: ________________?
A. Each law promotes individual liberty
B. Each law restricts individual liberty
C. There is no relationship between law and
liberty
D. Law is the first condition of liberty
842. The best exposition of liberal concept
of the nature and functions of the state is
found in the writings of:
A. Karl Marx
B. John Locke
C. Montesquieu
D. Machiavelli
843. Individualist philosophy which is one
of the theories of liberalism, advocated:
A. Maximum state control over the individual
B. Least state interference in the affairs of
the individual
C. Concentration of all powers in the hands of
a single ruler
D. Guarantee of individual liberty through law
844. The economic justification
individualism was offered by: ___________?
A. J.S.Mill
B. Adam Smith
C. Herbert Smith
74
D. Locke
845. The political justification for
individualism was offered by: __________?
A. Herbert Spencer
B. Marx
C. J.S.Mill
D. Adam Smith
846. The ethical justification for
individualism was offered by: __________?
A. Locke
B. Adam Smith
C. Herbert Spencer
D. J.S.Mill
847. The scientific jurisdiction for
individualism was offered by: _________?
A. Herbert Spencer
B. Darwin
C. Locke
D. Marx
848. The individualists held that:
______________?
A. The state was the best judge of man’s
interest functions of state
B. The individual was the best judge of his
own interest
C. The king was the best judge of people’s
interests
D. The Parliament was the best judge of
individual’s Interests
849. In the economic spere, the
individualists are in favour of:
______________?
A. Ending all free competition
B. Encourging free competition
C. State control over production and
distribution
D. Dictatorship of the proletariat
850. One of the serious hurdles in the way of
implementing the ideals of welfare state is:
___________?
A. Reluctance of government servants to
assume more responsibility
B. Indifferent attitude of the politicians
C. Lack of interest by the common people
D. Reluctance of people to pay high taxes
851. The welfare theory is based on:
___________?
A. Democratic principles
B. Aristocratic principles criticised because:
C. Anarchist principle A. It is too wide
D. Marxist principle B. It is too narrow
C. It is too complicated
852. The modern individualists are in D. It is difficult to understand
favour of a: ___________?
A. Police state 860. One of the oldest theories about rights
B. Welfare state is theory of:
C. Stateless society A. Natural rights
D. Totalitarian state B. Legal rights
C. Idealist theory of rights
853. Who of the following is associated with D. Historical theory of rights
the statement that the main function of state
is to ‘hinder to the hindrances to good life’: 861. Theory of natural rights was supported
A. Individualists by: _________?
B. Liberals A. Hobbes
C. Utilitarianists B. Locke
D. Socialists C. Rousseau
D. None of the above
854. Socialism is opposed to: _________?
A. Social security schemes 862. Which theory believes that law is the
B. Equal distribution of wealth only source, which gives us rights?
C. Unrestricted competition A. Theory of natural rights
D. Collective B. Idealist theory of rights
C. Legal theory of rights
855. Who of the following is regarded as the D. Natural theory of rights
father of Scientific Socialism?
A. Robert Owen 863. Main criticism against the legal theory
B. Karl Marx of rights is that it: ____________?
C. Kroptikan A. Believes that state alone creates rights
D. Lenin B. Has made rights dependent on others
C. Has given worong notion of rights
856. Which one of the hailed from England? D. Has make rights above society
A. Hegel E. Has not properly understood rights
B. T.H. Green
C. Kant 864. Idealist theory:
D. Fichte A. Differentiates between moral and political
rights
*Rights and Liberty* B. Does not differentiate between moral and
political rights
857. Exponents of historical theory of rights C. Opposed to moral and political rights
believe that the rights: Reconciles moral and political rights
A. Have been given by the society D. Reconciles moral and political rights
B. Are the product of evolution
C. Are given by the sovereign 865. Main criticism against fundamental
D. Are of divine origin rights is that:
A. These are given without any obligation to
858. Who of the following said that rights all the citizens
are crystallization of customs? B. Are loaded with too heavy respobsibilities
A. Dr. Asirvatham C. Hinder government working
B. Ritchie D. Are too vague and can’t be looked after by
C. Authors of French Revolution the courts of law
D. Edmund Burke
866. The right to have a family life is:
859. Historical theory of rights has been __________?

75
A. Moral rights A. Fundamental rights
B. Political right B. Moral rights
C. Civil rights C. Civil rights
D. Natural right D. Natural rights
E. Legal rights
867. Right to elect and hold elected office is:
__________? 874. Concept of natural rights has been
A. Natural right condemned because:
B. Fundamental right A. These are not possible these days
C. Civil right B. There was no state of nature
D. Political right C. There were no natural rights
E. Moral right D. These are immoral

868. Who of the following said that ‘rights 875. The rights which have more concern
are those conditions of social life without with inward rather than outward actions
which no man can seek in general to be are called:
himself at his best’? A. Moral rights
A. Laski B. Civil rights
B. Marx C. Natural rights
C. Spencer D. Political rights
D. Rousseau
E. Montesquieu 876. The rights against which state cannot
enact law, and if enacted can be declared
869. Edmund Burke’s name is associated invalid are called:
with: A. Social rights
A. Legal theory of rights B. Moral rights
B. Natural theory of rights C. Political rights
C. Idealist theory of rights D. Fundamental right
D. Historical theory of rights E. Civil rights

870. Theory of natural rights has been 877. The rights which can be enforced with
criticised because it makes rights: the punitive powers of the state are known
A. Too flexible as:
B. Too rigid A. International rights
C. Too static B. Legal rights
D. Too un-understandable C. Civil rights
D. Political rights
871. Who said that outward conditions and E. Moral rights
rights are necessary to the national life?
A. Liber 878. Individuals can’t claim any rights
B. Keruse against: _____________?
C. Edmund Burke A. The Council of Ministers
D. Cicero B. Prime Minister
E. Dr. Asirvatham C. State
D. Sovereign
872. Idealist believe about rights that these
should deal with: 879. Rights and duties are: ___________?
A. Maintaning property A. Contradictory
B. Maintaining judicial system B. Clashing and at cross purpose
C. Development of human personality C. Co-related
D. Devlopment of religion D. Not concerned with each other

873. The rights which are supposed to have 880. Right to equality before law is:
been enjoyed by the people even in the state _________?
of nature are called: A. Economic right

76
B. Moral right C. These are available in democracies
C. Religious right D. These are available to people where there is
D. Natural right a written constitution
E. Political right E. These are available to freedom fighters

881. Which of the following is true about 888. Social welfare theory of rights is
Locke regarding rights of an individual, i.e. associated with: _________?
he gets these from: A. Utilitarian
A. God B. Marxists
B. State C. Anarchists
C. Society D. Idealists
D. Nature E. Syndicalists

882. Who of the following is not associated 889. In a modern democratic state political
with the theory of natural rights? rights are available to:__________?
A. Thomas Hobbes A. Educated citizens
B. Bentham B. Both to educated citizens and aliens
C. Locke C. Only those paying taxes
D. Karl Marx D. All including women and children
E. Hegel E. All adults

883. Which one of the following is not a 890. Which one of the following rights has
political right? become a matter of controversy in our
A. Right to family modern times?
B. Right to be elected A. Right to vote
C. Right to protection B. Right to resist
D. Right to vote C. Right to property
E. Right to election to a public office D. Right to association
E. Right to seek constitutional remedies
884. Who of the following is associated with
the theory of legal rights? 891. Which one of the following is not true
A. Hobbes about rights?
B. Bentham A. These are needed for good life
C. Locke B. These must go hand in hand with duties
D. Hegel C. These are not static
E. None of the above D. These are enforced by the state
E. These are created by the state
885. Right to property is: __________?
A. Economic right 892. The oldest theory about rights is:
B. Moral right _________?
C. Fundamental right A. Economic theory
D. Civil right B. Evolutionary theory
C. Theory of natural rights
886. Which of the following is true about D. Force theory
moral rights?
A. These have legal backing 893. The statement that “every state is
B. These have social support known by the rights that it maintains” is
C. These have backing of the majority associated with: _________?
D. These have the support of the religion A. Lord Bryce
B. T.H. Green
887. Which one of the following is true C. Rousseau
about political rights? D. Laski
A. These are available to aliens
B. These are available to people in 894. All rights must be compatible with:
dictatorships ________?

77
A. Religion disobey the laws of the state
B. Customs B. It means a legal right to oppose the
C. Common good government
D. Culture C. It means a moral right against a
government which is guilty of grave and
895. Which one of the following patent injustice
characteristics of rights has been wrongly D. None of the above
listed?
902. Which one of the following countries
A. Rights are created by the state was the first to incorporate a ‘Bill of Rights’
B. Rights are conditions of good life in its constitution?
C. Rights are intimately related with duties A. Great Britain
D. The rights are not static and grow with time B. France
C. U.S.A.
D. U.S.S.R.
896. Which one of the followings is the
oldest theory of rights? 903. Rights can be safeguarded by:
A. Historical Theory __________?
B. Natural Rights Theory A. Giving more duties to citizens
C. Legal theory of rights B. Giving more powers to police
D. Idealist Theory C. Separating executive from judiciary
D. Giving more rights to the citizens
897. The Theory of Natural Rights holds E. Using extensive force
that: ________?
A. Rights are a divine creation 904. The concept of rights:
B. Rights came from pre-civil society A. Has been there since very old times
C. Rights were granted by the King B. Is very recent
D. Rights are granted by the constitution C. Was not known to medieval people
D. Was not known to the people of ancient
898. Who of the following scholars, is India
associated with the Theory of Natural
Rights? 905. Which right has been added to the
A. Locke category of rights in our modern times i.e.
B. Bentham right to?
C. Green A. Life
D. Karl Marx B. Liberty
C. Property
899. The Theory of Natural Rights formed D. Work
an important part of: _________?
A. Austin’s Theory of Sovereignty 906. All rights enjoyed by the citizens must
B. Social Contract Theory be compatible with: __________?
C. Divine Origin Theory A. Culture
D. Force Theory B. Civilisation
C. International understanding
900. The most effective guarantee against – D. Common welfare
infringement of rights is the: ___________? E. Social customs
A. Constitution
B. Legislature 907. Rights can’t be claimed against:
C. Judiciary A. State
D. Public Opinion B. Government
C. Prime Minister
D. Elected representatives
901. Which of the following is the true
meaning of the Right to Resist the state? 908. In a civilised state the citizens are
A. It means the legal right to disrespect and supposed to: ___________?

78
A. Enjoy rights only 915. Right of life is a : __________?
B. Perform duties only A. Moral right
C. Enjoy more rights but performs few duties B. Political right
D. Believe that each right has a C. Civil right
corresponding duty D. Legal right

909. Which of the following theory believes 916. Right to equality is a: _________?
that rights are conditions, which contribute A. Civil right
and help in the promotion of common B. Moral right
good? C. Political right
A. Historical D. Legal right
B. Natural
C. Social welfare 917. Which one of the following writs is
D. Legal issued in the event of wrongful detention?
E. Political A. Prohibition
B. Mandamus
910. Which of the following is not a political C. Habeas Corpus
right of citizens? D. Quo Warranto
A. Right to vote
B. Right to get elected 918. In modern times political rights are
C. Right to education guaranteed to: ___________?
D. Right to resist A. All citizens
E. Right to petition B. Adult citizens only
C. Property owners only
911. Which of the following theory explains D. Men only
clearly the nature of rights?
919. Which one of the following definitions
A. Social welfare theory of rights is associated with T.H. Green?
B. Theory of natural rights
C. Historical theory of rights A. “A right is a power claimed and
D. None of the above recognised as contributory to common
good”
912. Which of the following is not a natural B. “A right is a claim recognised by the
right according to Locke? society and enforced by the society and
A. Right to life enforced by the State”
B. Right to liberty C. “In its essence, a right is an arrangement
C. Right to property rule or practice sanctioned by the law of the
D. Right to work community and conducive to the highest moral
E. None of these good of the citizen”
D. “A right is a reasonable demand for
913. Which one of the following rights is not freedom to do certain things”.
a Political right?
A. Right to vote 920. Which one of the followings is not
B. Right to freedom associated with Ideallistic or Personality
C. Right to hold public office theory of rights?
D. Right to criticize the government A. Krause
B. Hegel
914. The Political rights are those rights: C. T.H. Green
A. Which provide a voice to the people in the D. Hobbes
political affairs of the state
B. Which provide a voice to the people in 921. Who regarded ‘life, liberty and
the political affairs of the state property’ as Inalienable rights of man:
C. Which are enforced by the court A. Locke
D. Which are of compulsory nature B. Hobbes
C. Green

79
D. Aristotle the subject of maximum controversy in
recent years?
922. The famous theory of natural rights A. Freedom of speech and expression
affected: B. Right to equality
A. The Indian Constitution C. Right to property
B. The American and Declaration of Rights D. Right to constitutional remedy
C. The Fundamental Rights of Citizens in
Soviet Union 930. Right to form associations is a:
D. The Conduct of Monarchs and Princes ________?
A. Natural right
923. Which of the followings did not favour B. Political right
the right to private property? C. Legal right
A. Locke D. Civil right
B. Hobbes
C. Bodin
D. Mao Tse Tung 931. Right to property is a : ________?
A. Moral rights
924. Rights have no validity without the B. Legal right
recognition of: __________? C. Civil right
A. Courts D. Political right
B. Government
C. Society 932. The right to freedom of speech and
D. Electorate expression:
A. Is frace unless it is absolute
925. According to Locke the individual gets B. It available to people only during times of
his rights from: ___________? peace
A. God C. Is always subject to social order and
B. State public morality
C. Society D. Implies rights to speak or write anything
D. Nature against the government

926. The Idealistic Theory of Rights is also 933. Political Rights are available to
known as: __________? citizens:
A. Metaphysical Theory A. Only in democratic countries
B. Personality Theory B. Both in democratic and autocratic countries
C. Scientific Theory C. Only in autocratic countries
D. Social Contract Theory D. Only in countries which possess a written
constitution
927. Which one of the followings was a
prominent exponent of the social welfare 934. Which one of the following rights are
theory of rights? more fundamental in the sense that other
A. Aristotle rights are dependent on them?
B. Plato A. Economic Rights
C. Marx B. Civil Rights
D. Bentham C. Political Rights
D. Constitutional Rights
928. Which one of the followings was in no
way connected with the theory of natural 935. Civil rights of citizens imply:
rights? ___________________?
A. Hobbes A. The rights granted to a citizen in a civilized
B. Locke state
C. Paine B. The rights, which are an essential
D. Bentham condition of a civilized life
C. The rights, which have helped in the
929. Which of the following rights has been development of civilization

80
D. None of the above
936. Civil rights are available to a citizen:
A. Only in an autocratic state
B. Only in a democratic state
C. Both in democratic and autocratic states
D. None of the above
937. The Fundamental Rights imply the
rights:
A. Which are indispensable for the growth
of human personality
B. Which a man inherits from nature at the
time of his birth
C. Which are enforced by the state
D. Which impose no obligation on a state
938. The Economic Theory of Rights is
associated with: _________?
A. Marx
B. Herbert Spencer
C. Adam Smith
D. Locke
939. Which one of the following theories of
rights exercised maximum influences on the
American Declaration of Independence or
French Revolution:
A. Theory of Natural Rights
B. Legal Theory of Rights
C. Idealist theory of rights
D. Historical Theory of Rights
940. According to Laski the state is:
_________?
A. The creator of all rights
B. Not the creator of all rights
C. The preserver of all natural rights
D. Not concerned with rights
941. The Idealist Theory attaches great
importance to: __________?
A. Perfection of human personality
B. Equality of all men
C. Provision of basic necessities of life to all
D. None of the above
942. The Idealist Theory of rights attaches
more importance to: __________?
A. Physical development
B. Material progress
C. Inner-development
D. Social development
943. The Idealist Theory of Rights insists
81
on: __________?
A. Absolute right to resist the state
B. Unflinching obedience to state laws by
the individual
C. Right to resist the state under certain
circumstances
D. Right to resist the state in majority wants it
944. The idealist Theory of Rights:
A. Attaches great importance to the moral
development of man’s personality
B. Sacrifices the individual good to the
social good
C. Tries to reconcile the social and individual
good
D. Lays emphasis on religious and economic
rights
945. The Idealist Theory of Rights lays
emphasis on man’s:
A. Social development
B. Economic development
C. Civil development
D. Moral development
946. The Social Welfare theory is defective
in so far as: __________?
A. It attaches too much importance to the
individual rights
B. It attaches too much importance to social
welfare and curbs individual rights
C. It attaches greater importance of the weaker
sections
D. It favours grant of unlimited powers to the
state
947. Who said “Rights are those conditions
of social life without which no man can seek
in general, to be himself of his best”?
A. Hobbes
B. Laski
C. Aristotle
D. Rousseau
948. The Social Welfare theory holds that:
_________?
A. Rights exist for the good of the weaker
sections of society
B. Rights are powers granted to the rulers to
promote social welfare
C. Rights are the conditions of social
welfare
D. Rights is another name for the power of the
state used for social welfare
949. The Social Welfare theory of rights is
associated with: _________?
A. Idealistic
B. Social Contractualists
C. Utilitarian
D. Marxists
950. The Social Welfare theory of rights is
associated with: _________?
A. Hobbes
B. Marx
C. T.H. Green
D. Bentham
951. Who of the followings is associated
with the Historical theory of rights?
A. Edward Gibbons
B. Herbert Spencer
C. Edmund Burke
D. Rousseau
952. The Historical theory of rights holds
that: _________?
A. Rights are the creation of God
B. Rights are drawn from various historical
statutes
C. Rights are the crystallization of customs
D. Rights are the result of contract
953. One of the chief defects of the legal
theory of rights is that: _________?
A. It attaches too much importance to moral
rights
B. It noes not cover the whole field of rights
C. It concedes rights against the state
D. It attaches too much importance to the
customs
954. The legal theory of rights holds that:
A. The rights are granted to the individual by
the state but it cannot take them back without
the consent of the majority:
B. The rights are granted to the individual
by the state and can be taken back by it
C. The state does not grant rights to the
individual but can curtail his rights
D. The state neither grants rights to the
individual nor can it restrict them
955. The Legal Theory of Rights holds that:
A. The rights are the creation of state
B. The rights are natural and the state merely
recognises them
C. The rights are prior to the state
D. The sights are fixed and static
82
956. The credit for advocating the Legal
Theory of Rights goes to: _________?
A. Locke
B. Austin
C. Bentham
D. Grotius
957. Which one of the followings has been
wrongly listed as a defect of the theory of
natural rights
A. There is no commonly agreed list of natural
rights
B. The natural rights often conflict with each
other
C. There is a universal agreement regarding
the lists of natural rights
D. It assumes that rights can exist independent
of state
958. One of the major merits of the natural
rights theory is: ________?
A. It assumes that rights can exist independent
of society
B. It holds that rights are static
C. It lists the rights which man brought with
him from state of nature
D. It asserts that certain rights are basic
and therefore necessary for human
existence
959. The three natural rights mentioned by
Locke are: _________?
A. Right to life, liberty and property
B. Right to life, work and religion
C. Right to life, property and religion
D. Right to life, religion and family
960. The term liberty has been drawn from
the Latin term: ________?
A. Libel
B. Lingua
C. Labour
D. Liber
961. Who said that from liberty is meant,
“Every man is free to do what he wills,
provided he infringes not the freedom of
other man?”
A. Laski
B. G.D.H. Cole
C. Herbert Spencer
D. Liber
E. J.S.Mill
962. Type of liberty, which a man enjoys as B. Sartori
a member of civil society, is called: C. J.S. Mill
_________? D. Gettell
A. Natural liberty E. Karl Marx
B. Civil liberty
C. Political liberty 970. The term liberty derives its origin
D. Economic liberty from: _________?
A. Roman language
963. The liberty, which people enjoy for B. Chinese language
earning their bread, is called: _________? C. Latin language
A. Economic liberty D. English language
B. Political liberty
C. Civil liberty 971. Liberty to make criticism of the
D. Natural liberty policies of the government is: __________?
A. Moral right
964. When national enjoy both interns as B. Civil right
well as external liberty it is called: C. Economic right
_________? D. Natural right
A. Economic liberty E. Political right
B. Political liberty
C. National liberty 972. Who of the following has said, “Law is
D. Natural liberty the condition of liberty”?
A. Ritchie
965. Who said that liberty is primarily B. Bodin
absence of restraints? C. Bakunin
A. Seeley D. Kropothin
B. Laski 973. Which one of the following is not
C. Benjamin covered under civil liberty?
D. G.D.H.Cole A. Freedom of conscience
B. Freedom of movement
966. According to Individualists people can C. Freedom of occupation
enjoy maximum liberty only when state: D. Freedom of vote in the manner one will
________? like to.
A. Performs minimum functions
B. Does not exist 974. Who of the followings was an advocate
C. Performs maximum functions of positive liberty?
D. Performs maximum optional functions A. Marx
B. Green
967. Liberty means: __________? C. Bentham
A. Freedom to do whatever one likes D. J.S.Mill
B. Absence of restraints
C. Presence of opportunity to achieve the 975. Who said that ‘liberty is the absence of
fullest development of personality all restraints’?
D. Power to do anything A. Laski
B. Hegel
968. Which of the following is not an C. Kant
essential condition for maintaining liberty? D. Seeley
A. Economic equality 976. According to the individualists the
B. Discretionary powers with the executive people have maximum liberty if:
C. Rule of law __________?
D. Independence of judiciary A. The state performs maximum functions
B. The state performs minimum functions
969. Who of the following has laid stress on C. The state is abolished
negative aspect of liberty? D. None of the above
A. Max. Lerner

83
977. Liberty in negative sense means: D. Constitution of People’s Republic of China
__________?
A. Liberty granted by the laws of the land 985. The type of equality, which believes
B. Right to do whatever one likes that all should be treated as equal partners
C. Right to do what is acceptable to majority in society, is called:
of the people in a society A. Civil equality
D. Imposition of maximum restraints B. Political equality
C. Social equality
978. Liberty in positive sense means : D. Natural equality
A. Liberty granted under the Law
B. Liberty, which people have enjoyed from 986. The theory, which believes that all are
earliest times equal in the eyes of nature, is
C. Provision of conditions, which are called:________?
conducive to human development A. Economic equality
D. Provision of basic necessities of life to B. Cultural equality
every member of society C. Natural equality
D. Political equality
979. The concept of natural liberty is
associated with: _________? 987. Liberty and equality are: _________?
A. Hegel A. Complementary
B. Rousseau B. Contradictory
C. Hobbes C. Neither complementary nor
D. Laski contradictory
D. None of These
980. The concept of natural liberty is
associated with: ________? 988. The system under which each one is
A. Divine Origin Theory given the right to vote on equal basis is
B. Social Contract Theory covered under:
C. Force Theory A. Religious equality
D. Evolutionary Theory B. Social equality
C. Political equality
981. Political liberty is often taken as D. Economic equality
synonymous with: ________? E. Natural equality
A. Democracy
B. Majority rule 989. The system under the people are
C. Freedom treated equal in the eyes of law is covered
D. Independence of judiciary under:
982. Political liberty ensures: _________? A. Civil equality
A. Protection against oppressive rule B. National equality
B. Economic equality C. Natural equality
C. Basic amenities of life D. Political equality
D. None of the above
990. Who of the following is associated with
983. Who said: “Where there is no law the concept of positive equality?
there is no freedom”? A. Laski
A. T.H. Green B. Bakunin
B. Locke C. Prodhoun
C. Hobbes D. De-Tacqueville
D. MacIver
991. Who of the following believed in the
984. Who said that all men are crated concept of negative equality?
equal? A. MacLver
A. U.S. Constitution B. Laski
B. French Constitution (5th Republic) C. Marx
C. Swiss Constitution D. Lord Action

84
E. Dicey __________?
A. Authority
992. The concept of sovereign equality is B. Position
associated with: _________? C. People
A. National equality D. Power
B. Religious equality
C. Economic equality 999. The word ‘Cratio’ stands for:
D. Natural equality __________?
A. Power
993. Which of the following is covered B. People
under national equality? C. State
A. Right to conclude treaties D. Government
B. Right to declare war E. Sovereign
C. Right to declare peace
D. Right to have equal status in 1000. Who said that ‘democracy is a form of
international forums government in which everyone has a
E. Right to participate in international share’?
conferences A. Dicey
B. Seeley
994. These days it is believed that political C. Herodotus
equality goes together with: __________? D. Gettell.
A. Religious equality
B. Economic equality 1001. In democracy, sovereignty resides in:
C. National equality __________?
D. Natural equality A. Head of the state
E. None of the above B. Head of the Government
C. Head of the judiciary
995. Abolition of bonded labour is based on D. Among the people
the philosphy and concept of:
A. Political equality 1k2. The system under which every voter by
B. Civil equality law is required to cast his vote is
C. National equality called:_________?
D. None of the above A. Universal adult franchise
B. Functional representation
996. Equality in the positive sense means C. Compulsory voting system
that all should get: _________? D. Optional voting system
A. Equal food and housing facilities E. Commercial voting system
B. Equal education
C. Equal physical force 1k3. Separate communal electorate systems
D. Equal knowledge aimed at securing the interest
E. Equal opportunities for growth of:__________?
A. Scheduled castes
B. Religious minorities
*Democracy, Public Opinion and C. Scheduled tribes
Elections* D. None of These
997. Demos’ and ‘Cratio’ are the words of
1k4. An election, which is held in order to
_________ language?
fill up few vacant vacancies, is called:
A. Roman
A. General election
B. Greek
B. Bye-election
C. Latin
C. Election
D. German
D. None of the above
E. French
K5. In good democracy right to vote is given
998. The word ‘Demos’ stands for:
to those:

85
A. Who are educated out when:
B. Who own property A. There is economic inequality
C. Who have become adult B. There is no sharp social division
D. Male citizens only C. There is strict party discipline
D. There is spread of education
K6. Women in England enjoyed right to
vote: K13. Freedom of speech is usually available
A. From the very beginning in: ___________?
B. During Cromwillian era A. Totalitarian states
C. During First World War B. Dictatorships
D. During economic depression of 1928 C. Liberal democracies
D. Fascist states
K7. Public opinion means: _____________?
A. Opinion of educated persons K14. Freedom of speech and free press are:
B. Opinion of elites of the society ___________?
C. Majority opinion A. Complementary of each other
D. Minority opinion B. Contradictory to each other
E. Opinion of the majority, which takes into C. Partly complementary to each other
consideration the interests of all D. Both complementary as well as
contradictory to each other
K8. Which one of the following does not
help in the formation of public opinion? K15. If the people want to have freedom of
A. Newspapers speech for that it is essential that they:
B. Educational system A. Should be vigilant
C. Radio B. They should leave it to the Government
D. Television C. They should leave it to the opposition
E. Playground D. They should leave everything to the care of
the head of the government
K9. Which one of the following is not very
necessary for the formation of public K16. Which of the following is not linked
opinion? closely with the freedom of speech?
A. Cinema A. Free press
B. Press B. Right to hold meetings
C. Neighborhood C. Right to criticise the government
D. T.V. D. Right to hold property
E. Political parties E. Right to express views

K10. If sound public opinion is to be formed K17. Which one of the following is essential
for that it is essential that: for freedom of speech?
A. Press should be free A. Enlightened public opinion
B. Religious bodies should be active B. Rich peasantry
C. People should be given the right to property C. Powerful government
D. There should be right to education D. Single party system
E. There should be right to leisure E. None of the above

K18. If freedom of speech is desired by a

K11. Which one of the following is a great nation for that it is essential that there
hindrance on the way of sound public should be:_________?
opinion? A. Single party system
A. Controlled press B. Liberal democracy
B. Free mass media C. Philosopher king
C. Cinema D. Presidential system of Government
D. Political literature
*Muslim Philosophy*
K12. Public opinion can effectively be found

86
K19. Al-Mawardi was born in: __________? C. 1907
A. 972 D. 1908
B. 984
C. 994 K28. Allama Iqbal was tutored by:
D. 995 _________?
Read More Details about this Mcq A. Nawab Mirza Dagh
B. Maulvi Syed Mir Hassan
K20. Al-Mawardi died in: _________? C. Allama Shibbaly Numani
A. 1058 D. Maulana Hasarat Mohani
B. 1059
C. 1060 K29. Allama Iqbal wrote: __________?
D. 1061 A. Maz-Maz
B. Farkalit
K21. Al-Mawardi wrote: C. Payam-e-Mashrik
A. Al-Akam al-Sultaniyah D. Bang-e-Israfil
B. Advice to the Caliph
C. Commentary on the Laws of Plato K30. Allama Iqbal rejected: ____________?
D. Ihya-e-Uloom-ud-Din A. Western Ideal of Nationalism
B. American Presidential System of Govt.
K22. Al-Mawardi was born in: ________? C. Parliamentary System of Govt.
A. Cairo D. Nation Socialism
B. Makkah
C. Basra
D. Baghdad *Aristotle*
K23. Al-Mawardi was an expert K31. In what Macedonian village was
of:________? Aristotle born?
A. The Law of the Shariat A. Sparta
B. Roman Law B. Stagira
C. Fiqha-e-Jararia C. Athens
D. Fiqha-e-Hanafia D. None of these

K24. Al-Mawardi sticks to: __________? K32. What was the name of the school that
A. The condition that the Caliph must be Aristotle established in a grove sacred to
from the house of Quresh. Apollo?
B. The law of necessity A. Lyceum
C. The Quranic Theory of Caliphate B. Gymnasium
D. The Practice of guided – Caliphs C. Academy
D. Alcemium
K25. Allama Iqbal was born in the year
_____ November A.D. K33. What was the name of Aristotle’s
A. 1876 father, which he used to name one of his
B. 1877 works?
C. 1878 A. Eudemeus
D. 1879 B. Nicomachus
C. Eudoxus
K26. Allama Iqbal died in _______ A.D. D. Phillipius
A. 1938
B. 1939 K34. What famous individual was taught by
C. 1940 Aristotle?
D. 1941 A. Ptolemy
B. Julius Caesar
K27. Allama Iqbal went to England in: C. Socrates
A. 1905 D. Alexander the Great
B. 1906

87
K35. What famous individual who taught E. None of these
Aristotle?
A. Socrates K43. When we talk of bureaucracy we
B. Plato mean:
C. Euclid A. All public servants
D. St. Augustine B. Only high ranking public servants
C. Only middle level civil servants
K36. Aristotle is considered the founder of D. Only lower level civil servants
what? E. Those working in the public undertakings.
A. Modern Biology
B. Modern Physics K44. Name the country in which there is
C. Modern Chemistry committed bureaucracy:
D. Modern Anatomy A. U.S.S.R.
B. India
K37. What did Aristotle see as the sentral C. England
tension in ethical decisions? D. Canada
A. Continence E. Australia
B. Desire
C. Ignorance K45. Which one of the following has been
D. Complacence wrongly listed as the characteristic of the
bureaucracy:
K38. Which nephew of Aristotle was A. It should be impartial
executed by Alexander? B. It should be too rigid
A. Hermeias C. It should implment laws in goad spirit
B. Callisthenes D. It should work in close cooperation with the
C. Xenocrates political executive
D. Speusippus
K46. From committed bureaucracy is
K39. In which year Aristotle died? understood a bureaucracy which has
A. 322 B.C. commitment to:
B. 321 B.C. A. Political ideology
C. 320 B.C. B. Political leadership
D. 318 B.C. C. Farm of Government
D. Head of the state
K40. Whose niece did Aristotle marry? E. Head of the Government
A. Callisthenes’
B. Hermeias’s K47. Which one of the following has been
C. Alexander’s wrongly listed as a characteristic of good
D. Plato’s bureaucracy?
A. It should avoid confrontation with political
*Bureaucracy* executive
B. It should guide Ministers
K41. Bureaucracy is also called: ________? C. It should provide factural data to the
A. Permanent executive executive
B. Political executive D. It should insist to the last on its viewpoint
C. Nominal Executive
D. De-jure executive
E. De-facto executive K48. Of a good bureaucracy it is expected
that it should:
K42. Bureaucracy consists of: _________? A. Implement laws in letters
A. Members of Parliament B. Implement laws in spirit
B. Judges of the Supreme Court C. Be too rigid
C. Top political leaders D. Be flexible
D. All civil servants
K49. Bureaucracy is needed in:

88
__________?
A. Parliamentary form of Government
B. Presidential form of Government
C. Socialist system
D. Democratic system
E. All forms and systems
K50. Which one of the following is not
important function performed by
bureaucracy?
A. It should properly scrutinize ligislative
proposals
B. It should vigorously implement laws
C. It should be inelastic in law
implementation
D. It should try to be maximum efficient
K51. Which one of following is not a
function of the bureaucracy:
A. To guide the Ministers
B. To avoid lag between law and its
implementation
C. To prepare sub-rules and regulations for the
laws
D. To help in maintaining financial stability
E. To avoid the political head to the extent
possible.
K52. Which of the following is not a
function of bureaucracy?
A. To keep financial stability
B. To help in maintaining sound economy
C. To take their grievances to the Members
of Parliament
D. To properly perform quasi-judicial allotted
functions
E. None of these
K53. Which one of the following is not a
function of bureaucracy?
A. To help maintaining law and order
B. To help preparing international treaties
C. To help preparing national budget
D. To promulgate ordinances
E. To implement laws in proper spirit
*Cabinet Government*
K54. The Cabinet Government is also
known as: _________?
A. Absolute Government
B. Responsible Government
C. Non-parliamentary Government
D. Coalition Government
89
K55. Cabinet System of Government was
first of all initiated in: _________?
A. Japan
B. Britain
C. China
D. None of These
K56. The Cabinet System of Government
which made a beginning during the times of
George I suffered a setback:
A. During the times of George II
B. During the Glorious Revolution of 1688
C. During the Second World War
D. During the times of George III
K57. Most of the principles of Cabinet
Government took permanent shape:
A. By the close of eighteenth century
B. By the middle of the nineteenth century
C. During the twentieth century
D. By 1688
K58. The Cabinet was for the first time
accorded legal recognition in Britain in:
_________?
A. 1914
B. 1689
C. 1937
D. 1884
K59. Which one of the following features of
Cabinet Government has been wrongly
listed?
A. The President is the Head of the Cabinet
B. The President enjoys only nominal
executive powers
C. There is close co-operation between the
legislature and executive
D. All the Ministers of the Cabinet are taken
from the same party
K60. Under Cabinet Government the
administration of the state is carried on in
the name of:
A. The people
B. The Prime Minister
C. The Council of Minsters
D. The nominal Executive Head
K61. The real executive under Cabinet
Government is accountable to: _______?
A. None B. Board of Control in England
B. The head of the State C. British Parliament
C. The Parliament D. Governor-General in India
D. The people directly E. Provincial Governors

K62. Under Cabinet Government the K68. Regulating Act, 1773 will be
ministers: remembered in Indian history because:
A. Must be members of Parliament A. It started Parliamentary form of
B. Cannot be members of Parliament government
C. Mayor may not be members of Parliament B. It made a beginning of written
D. Must be members of Popular house of constitution in India
Parliament C. It provided for a legislative assembly
D. It gave Indians a sharr in the running of
K63. Cabinet Government is based on: their administration.
__________?
A. Separation of legislature and executive K69. The Governor-General in India was
B. Fusion of legislature and executive given the powers to override the majority
C. Fusion of legislature executive and decision of his Council by:
judiciary A. Regulating Act, 1773
D. None of the above B. Pitt’s India Act, 1784
C. Amending Act, 1781
*ACTS* D. Act of 1786
E. Charter Act of 1793
K64. The First Regulating Act was passed
in the year: K70. A law member was added to the
A. 1713 Council of Governor-General by the Act of:
B. 1733 A. 1813
C. 1753 B. 1833
D. 1773 C. 1853
D. 1853
K65. First Regulating Act was passed E. 1861
because:
A. East India Company was to be given more K71. The name of Lord Morley is associated
freedom with the Act of: ________?
B. British Parliament wanted to have some A. 1892
hand in the affairs of the Company B. 1909
C. On the advice of the Prime Minister C. 1919
D. None of These D. 1935

K66. One of the important provisions of the *About Constitution*

Regulating Act was that:
A. It created a Supreme Court in India K72. Who said that a state without a
B. It raised the status of Commander-in- constitution would not be a state but a
Chief of armed forces in India regime of anarchy?
C. It permitted company’s servants to have A. Professor Jellineck
private trade B. Gilchrist
D. It reduced the status of the Governor of C. Leacock
Bengal D. Finer
E. Gettell
K67. One of the serious defects of
Regulating Act, 1773 was that it did not K73. Who has said that constitution is the
define the relationship of Supreme Court product of all those rules which affect the
with: sovereignty of the state?
A. Board of Directors in England A. Lord Bryce

90
B. Professor Dicey
C. Gettell
D. Rousseau
E. Woolsay
K74. Out of the following who has said that
a constitution is the way in which citizens
who are components of a state are arranged
in relation to one another:
A. Plato
B. Rousseau
C. Montesqueiu
D. Strate
E. Aristotle
K75. Cumulative constitution is one which:
A. Is enacted by a specific body
B. Is given by the sovereign to the people
C. Is the result of gradual evolution
D. Is given by the dictator
K76. Conventional constitution is one
which:
A. Is based on conventions
B. Is specifically enacted
C. Grows with the passage of time
D. Is given by the head of the state
K77. Who has said that the distinction
between the written and unwritten
constitution is one of degree rather than
that of kind:
A. Finer
B. Ebestein
C. Munro
D. Gettell
E. Woodrow Wilson
K78. Of the following which country has
unwritten constitution:
A. U.K.
B. U.S.A.
C. U.S.S.R.
D. India
Read More Details about this Mcq
K79. A important merit of written
constitution is that:
A. It clearly demarcates functions of the
government
B. It keeps pace with time
C. It does not invite revolutions
D. It helps in the growth of conventions
K80. One serious disadvantage of written
91
constitution is that:
A. It does not give idea about basic rights of
the people
B. It is not suited to federations
C. It results in frequent litigations
D. It does not result in usurpation of authority.
K81. Which of the following countries has a
very rigid constitution?
A. U.S.A.
B. India
C. U.K.
D. Australia
K82. The advantage of rigid constitution is
that:
A. It keeps pace with national progress
B. It guarantees permanence and stability
C. It adjusts itself with the passage of time
D. It is progressive
K83. Constitution in Switzerland can be
amended:
A. When elite want to do so
B. When peasants express to do so
C. With the help of referendum
D. When propertied class wants to amend it
*Political Development*
K84. Development is a term which:
A. Has clearly been defined
B. Has no clear definition
C. Can be defined but no attempt has been
made
D. None of above
K85. Liberal theory of development is also
known as: _________?
A. Classical theory of development
B. Neo-classical theory of development
C. Theory of entrepreneur
D. Theory of economic maturity
K86. Whose name is not associated with the
liberal theory of development:
A. Adam Smith
B. Ricardo
C. Karl Marx
D. Malthus
K87. According to Lucian Pye Political
development:
A. Could be measured with industrialisation:
B. And industrialisation were opposed to each D. Nax Weber
other
C. And industrialisation should be delinked K94. Ricardo built his theory round:
from each other A. Value
D. Could not be measured with B. Capital
industrialisation C. Wages
D. Natural resources
K88. According to classical thinkers which
one was not a measuring yard for K95. Malthus built his theory of
development: development round:
A. Land A. Land
B. Labour B. Rent
C. Capital C. Value
D. Education D. Capital
E. Population
K89. According to liberal theory of
development origin of all value was: *UK*
_______?
A. Land K96. The British have always been ruled by
B. Labour a monarch, except for a brief period during
C. Capital the _____ century:
D. Mineral wealth A. 16th
E. Natural resources B. 17th
C. 18th
K90. According to some thinkers political D. 19th
development cannot be measured in terms
of political modernisation because: K97. UK Parliament is dissolved by the
A. It is not suited to third world countries __________
B. Both are opposed to each other A. Monarch
C. Western countries are opposed to it B. Speaker
D. Term political modernisation is ambiguous C. Deputy Speaker
E. None of the above D. Prime Minister

K98. Each session of Parliament in UK

K91. According to Edward A. Shills opens with the speech of _________?
political development should be linked with: A. Speaker
A. Political modernisation B. Queen
B. Industrialisation C. Prime Minister
C. Capital formation D. None of these
D. Standards of modernisation of a state
E. Economic development K99. The parliament of which country sits
in the palace of Westminster – probably
K92. Max Weber has linked political better known as the House of Parliament:
development with: _________? A. UK
A. Industrialisation B. USA
B. Economy of society C. Germany
C. Social conditions D. Japan
D. Administrative development
1100. The June 1975 is the significant year
K93. Who of the following has laid stress on in the constitution history of UK in what
the role of bureaucracy in measuring respect:
political development? A. Lords Act
A. Edward A. Shills B. Referendum
B. Nettle C. General Election
C. Lucian Pye

92
D. None of these. 1108. Febian Society was established in the
1101. The members of Parliament) year:
Commons (Members of Parliament) are A. 1884
elected by those of their fellow citizens who B. 1885
have attained the age of ______ and are not C. 1886
specifically disqualified from voting by law: D. 1887
A. 17
B. 18 1109. According to Fabians means of
C. 19 production and distribution should be:
D. 20 ________?
A. At the disposal of guilds
1102. The Leader of the UK Cabinet is: B. At the disposal of those who can control
__________? them
A. The Queen C. Left to the care of the elite of the society
B. The Prime Minister D. Controlled by the community
C. The Speaker
D. None of these 1110. The Fabian Socialists believed that
the state:
1103. The Prime Minister of Britain is A. Was bound to wither away
elected for: B. Was the instrument of exploitation
A. Two years C. Is an agency which can promote welfare
B. Three years of the people
C. Four Years D. Promotes class struggle
D. Five years
1111. According to Fabians in the present
1104. The office and the functions of the society for every change:
Prime Minister are based on: __________? A. Economic factor was the sole consideration
A. Constitutional Conventions B. Political factor was only weighty
B. Judicial Decisions C. Religion alone counted very much
C. Common laws D. All factors combined together weighed
D. Historic Documents
1112. The Fabians believed that capital
1105. The Conservative party leader Sir should be: ___________?
Alee Douglas-Home became Prime Minister A. Allowed to remain where it is
in: B. Allowed to concentrate in few hands
A. 1953 C. Transferred to society as a whole
B. 1963 D. Distributed among the poor
C. 1979 E. None of the above is true
D. 1989
1114. The Fabians wish to bring changes in
1106. In 1979 Mr. Watson was removed by: society by:_________?
_________? A. Revolutionary means
A. Sir Aliec Douglas-Home B. Democratic means
B. Mrs.Thatcher C. Both revolutionary and democratic means
C. Mr. Winston Churchill D. Abolishing the state
D. None of these
1107. In Britain, the head of the civil service 1115. Who of the following is not associated
is: _________? with Fabianism?
A. The Queen A. Sydney Webb
B. The Prime Minister B. G.B. Shah
C. The Chief Justice C. J.S. Mill
D. None of these D. Karl Marx
E. Brenstein
*Ideologies*
1116. Fabian movement was found most

93
acceptable in: __________? A. A good theory
A. England B. Theory first and action later on
B. France C. Difference between theory and action
C. Germany D. Action first and theory later
D. U.S.A.
E. U.S.S.R. 1123. Fascists believe in: ____________?
A. Internationalism
1117. Edward Bernstein belonged to: B. International organisation
_________? C. Unconditional acceptance of international
A. Japan obligations
B. Germany D. One state, one party and one leader
C. England
D. France 1124. According to Fascists the state:
E. U.S.A A. Is collection of individuals
B. Is association of associations
1118. According to Bernstein Marxian C. Is one of the associations
philosophy was: ____________? D. Represents the mind of the society
A. Most scientific
B. Very unscientific 1125. The Fascists believe that:
C. Not in keeping with modern needs __________?
D. Most suited to modern needs A. Individual liberty must be preserved
B. Liberty is dead carcass
1119. Fascist movement first of all C. Liberty is a natural right
developed in: _________? D. Liberty should be guaranteed as
A. Germany fundamental right
B. USSR
C. USA 1126. In the economic field the Fasists
D. Italy wanted:
E. England A. The state to control activities
B. To establish trade monopolies
1120. The Fascist Philosophy helped in: C. To encourage lock outs and strikes
_________? D. To encourage trade unionism
A. Unification of Italy
B. Unification of Germany 1127. The Fascists believe:
C. Communist rising in U.S.S.R. A. That democratic institutions should be
D. Parliamentary reforms in England strengthened
B. That democratic system will gradually
1120. Fascism developed very rapidly in: whither away
_________? C. That democracy is a farce
A. Germany D. The democratic institutions serve the
B. Italy best interests of the masses
C. France E. That deomocracy could be easily practised
D. U.S.S.R.
E. Japan 1128. According to the Fascists leader:
A. Has very little place in the development of
1121. Fascists wish to establish the nation
leadership of __________? B. Should be one who is loved by his people
A. Proletariat C. Should be feared by the people
B. Working classes D. Should be feared
C. Middle classes
D. Church *FRANCE*
E. One leader
1129. The Constitutional history of France
1122. Fascists believe that for advancement begins with the French Revolution of:
there should be: _________? ____________?

94
A. 1780 C. Council of the Republic
B. 1786 D. None of these
C. 1789
D. 1790 1137. The First President of the Fifth
Republic of France was: _________?
1130. The last monarch was of: ________? A. Coty
B. Bourborn B. General de Gaulle
B. Czar C. Chirac
C. Napoleon D. None of these
D. Louis Philippe.
1138. France has: _____________?
1131. In France, monarchy was ended in the A. Uni-party system
result of rebellion of people and the first B. Two-party system
Republic was announced on: C. Three-party system
B. January 11,1789 D. Multi-party system
B. September 15,1790
C. December 17,1791 1139. In France, judiciary is an integral
D. September 22,1792 part of: ____________?
A. Legislature
1132. The First Republic lasted form: B. Executive
_________? C. (a) & (b)
B. 1789-1799 D. None of these
B. 1791-1709
C. 1792-1804 *Ibn-e-Khaldun*
D. None of these
1140. Ibn-e-Khaldun was born in Tunis in
1133. In France Second Republic created the year _______ AD.
in: ___________? A. 1332
A. 1815 B. 1333
B. 1825 C. 1334
C. 1848 D. 1335.
D. 1856
1142. Ibn-e-Khaldun died in the year
1134. In 1852, Napoleon III transferred the _______ A.D.
second republic into the second Empire, A. 1405
which was destroyed by the emergent B. 1406
Germany in: C. 1407
A. 1855 D. 1408
B. 1865
C. 1870 1143. Ibn-e-Khaldun’s name is associated
D. 1875 with: __________?
A. Asabiyya
1135. The constitution of the Fourth B. Liberty
Republic was put to the referendum and C. Dictatorship
was promulgated on: D. Algebra
A. August 10,1940
B. September 12,1941 1144. Ibn-e-Khaldun retired as a:
C. July 15,1942 _________?
D. October 27,1946 A. Teacher at Al-Azhar
B. Professor of Law
1136. Under the constitution of France C. Judge
1946, Parliament consisted of the National D. Record Keeper
Assembly and:
A. Council of Ministers 1145. Ibn-e-Kaldun is known as the father
B. Council of Peoples of: _________?

95
A. Physics 1153. The lengthiest written constitution in
B. Chemistry the world is of: __________?
C. History A. Britain
D. Political Science B. U.S.A
C. France
1146. Ibn-e-Khaldun is famous for his: D. India
_________?
A. Muqqaddame-e-Tarikh 1154. The Constituent Assembly of India
B. Muqqaddama-e-Sharo-Shairey appointed a “Drafting Committee” on:
C. Commentary on Aristotle’s politics __________?
D. Life of Timur A. August, 16,1947
B. August, 29,1947
1147. Who is apty called he “Father of C. January 5,1950
political economy? D. None of these
A. Ibn-e-Khaldun
B. Nizam-ul-Mulk 1155. The Chairman of the “Drafting
C. Ghazzali Committee” of India was: _________?
D. None of these A. Dr. Rajendra Prasad
B. Dr. Ambedkar
1148. Who is aptly called the “Father of C. Mountbatten
political economy”? D. Sardar Patel
A. Al-Mawardi
B. Nizam-ul-Mulk Tusi 1156. The present Constitution of India was
C. Ibn-e-Khaldun framed by the Constitution Assembly of
D. Al-Ghazali India with accordance to the: _________?
A. The Wavell Paln
1149. Which of the following is not the work B. The Cabinet Mission Plan
of Ibn-e-Khaldun: C. The Mountbatten Plan
A. Kitab-al-Ibar D. The Indian Independence Act, 1947
B. Al-Tarif
C. History of the Berbers 1157. The Mount batten or Partition Plan
D. Siyasat Namah was accepted on: __________?
A. August 8,1942
1150. Ibn-e-Khaldun and ______ both stress B. May 16,1946
the importance of religion for the state and C. June 3,1947
the connection between religion and power: D. None of these
A. Machiavelli
B. Rousseau 1158. The First Governor-General of India
C. Bentham was: __________?
D. J.S. Mill A. Jawaharlal Nehru
B. Sardar Patel
1151. Ibn-e-Khaldun died at the age of: C. Mountbatten
_________? D. Gandhi
A. 78
B. 86 1159. The First Prime Minister of India
C. 92 was: _________?
D. 100. A. Gandhi
B. Motilal Nehru
1152. The Constitution of India C. Jawaharalal Nehru
promulgated on: __________? D. None of these
A. November 26,1949
B. January 5,1950 1160. The First President of India was:
C. January 26,1950 _________?
D. March 23,1951 A. Dr. Ambedkar
B. Dr. Rajendra Prasad

96
C. Sardar Patel
D. None of these
1161. Under which of the following Act, the
Constituent Assembly of India decided that
India should remain a member of the
Commonwealth:
A. The Indian Act of 1919
B. The Indian Act of 1935
C. The Indian Independence Act of 1947
D. None of these.
1162. Which Indian Act created Federal
polity for the whole of the Indian.
A. India Act of 1861
B. India Act of 1919
C. India Act of 1935
D. India Independence Act of 1947
1163. The International Court of Justice is:
_____________?
A. A principal judicial organ of the UN
B. A Court established by Stales outside the
UN System
C. A Court established by the European
Community
D. None of these
1164. State immunity means: ___________?
A. A State is subject to foreign court’s
jurisdiction
B. A State is not subject to foreign court’s
jurisdiction
C. A State is not subject to foreign court’s
jurisdiction
D. None of these
1165. The Contigous Zone is: __________?
A. A no-man’s land between two States
B. An area of sea beyond territorial waters
C. An area of sea beyound the Exclusive
Economic Zone
D. None of these
1166. Non-registration of a treaty:
A. Invalidates the treaty
B. Treaty cannot be invoked before a UN
organ
C. It has no effect at all on the treaty
D. None of these
1167. Pacta sunt servanda means:
__________?
A. A State can violate its international
obligations if its interests so demand
97
B. A State can terminate a treaty at its will
C. A State must perform treaty obligations in
good faith
D. None of these
1168. The principle of rebus sic stantibus
means:
A. A State may terminate a treaty because of a
material breach
B. A state may invoke fundamental change
of circumstances to terminate/suspend a
treaty
C. A treaty stands terminated because of the
eruption of hostilites
D. None of these
1169. The principle of jus cogens means:
A. A peremptory norm of International
Law that cannot be derogated from by
mutual consent
B. A State can terminate a treaty because of
wiolation of its domestic law
C. A treaty stands terminated when its purpose
is achieved
D. None of these
1170. In Inland Waters, a state has:
__________?
A. No jurisdiction
B. Concurrent jurisdiction
C. Exclusive jurisdiction
D. None of these
1171. Extraterritorial jurisdiction means:
A. A State has unlimited jurisdiction
B. A State has jurisdiction over its nationals
even when they live outside the country
C. A State has jurisdiction over foreign
visiting nationals
D. None of these
1172. The principle of ex injuria non oritur
jus means:
A. No benefit can be received from an illegal
act
B. A legal right flows from an illegal act
C. A state can go on was in case of an injury
D. None of these
1173. A successor state starts life:
A. Bound by all treaties entered into by
predecessor state
B. Bound by multilateral treaties
C. With a clean-state
D. None of these
 B. Individual should be independent in
1174. Modern liberalism has tried to struck political sphere
a balance between the interests of: C. Individual’s independence in social fields
__________?A. States of the world should be checked
themselves D. Individual can revolt against state
B. Parliamentary and Presidential system
C. Individual and Society 1181. Negative aspect of liberalism
D. Unitary and Federal System developed during: ______________?
E. Capitalism and Totalitarianism A. 16th century
B. 17th century
1175. Who of the following is not closely C. 18th century
associated with liberalism? D. 19th century
A. Laski E. 20th century
B. Karl Marx
C. MacIver 1182. Which one of the following is not
D. Bentham main feature of liberalism?
A. It is opposed to blind faith
1176. Which one of the following is not true B. Development of human personality is state
about liberalism? aim
A. It stands for individual liberty C. Man is means and state is an end in itself
B. It has no faith in human reasoning D. State is artificial and not natural institution
C. It supports human freedom
D. It stands for constitutional government 1183. Which one of the following does not
E. It stands for regular elections hold good in the case of liberalism?
A. It champions the cause of constitutional
1177. Liberalism as a philosophy developed government
in: __________? B. It has faith in secularism
A. 18th century C. It supports constitutional government
B. 19th century D. It supports concentration of powers
C. 20th century E. It struggles for human freedom
D. Did not develop and remains vague
1184. Who of the following has said,
1178. Which one of the following is not true “Liberalism is the expression less of a trend
about Hallowell’s ideas about liberalism? than of a temperament”?
A. Laski
A. There is nothing like spiritual equality of B. Montesquieu
individual C. Thomas Paine
B. There should be freedom of individual will D. Rousseau
C. Natural rights were injoyed by the people E. American Declaration of Independence
D. State should be created to safeguard natural
rights 1185. Karl Marx was born in:
E. Welfare of individual is paramount ___________?
responsibility of state A. France
B. Russia
1179. Who of the following is not associated C. Germany
with liberalism? D. Itlay
A. J.S. Mill E. Rome
B. T.H. Green
C. Schumpeter 1186. The Wages, Labour and Capital’ was
D. Robert A.Dahl written by: _________?
E. Sorel A. Hegel
B. Engles
1180. Which of the following is not true C. Stalin
about Hallowell’s ideas about liberalism? D. Karl Marx
A. Law should be above administrative order E. None of these

98
 C. Means that action and reaction must be in
1187. Communist Manifesto was authored the same direction
by: ____________? D. None of These
A. Stalin
B. Karl Marx 1194. While giving materialistic
C. Laski interpretation of History, Marx believed
D. George Bernard Shah that:
A. Great men change the course of history
1188. Which one of the following is not true B. Historical events so move that some
about Marxian Socialism? people become great
A. Capital is a theft C. Course of history and greatness of the
B. State will wither away people have nothing to do with each other
C. State promotes interests of all D. Course of history is static and as such
D. State sides with the rich and not the poor question of change does not arise

1189. According to Karl Marx the present 1195. With Marx, salient features of the
state will: __________? historians in the past was that:
A. Continue for long A. They covered the activities of masses
B. Will wither away B. They covered the relationship of masses
C. Deliver goods with the passage of time with rulers
D. Slowly benefit the workers C. The exaggerated people’s movements
against their rulers
1190. Marx believed that in the present D. They recorded events glorifying the
capitalist system of society: rulers
A. The number of workers will come down
B. Middle class will become powerful 1196. Al-Farabi was born in the year
C. Ranks of middle class will swallow _______ A.D.
D. Middle class will come at the forefront of A. 870
struggle against state B. 871
E. Middle class will form the rank of the C. 872
workers D. 873

1191. According to Karl Marx workers: 1197. Al-Farabi died in year _______ A.D.
A. Had no mother land A. 950
B. Have a motherland to which they must stick B. 951
C. Should confine their activities to their C. 952
country D. 953
D. Should give maximum cooperation to the
state 1198. Al-Farabi is known as: ________?
A. The Philosopher
1192. Dialectical materialism of Marx B. The second teacher
believes that: ____________? C. The First Arab Philosopher
A. Social phenomena is applicable to political D. The father of Islamic political thought
life
B. Social phenomena has nothing to do with 1199. The name of the book which Al-
political life Farabi wrote is: __________?
C. Social phenomena is antithesis of political A. Ara Madinatul Fazila
life B. Al-Istabdad
D. Political Life and social phenomena can’t C. Elements of Geometry
go hand in hand D. Theory of Revolution

1193. According to Marxian philosophy 1199. Al-Farabi did his best to reconcile:
dialect: A. Greek thought and Islamic Shariat
A. It result of actions and reactions B. Plato’s Political theory and Guided
B. No actions and reactions but matter caliphate

99
C. Human intellect and revelation A. 1089
D. Greek science and Eastern Mysticism B. 1091
C. 1092
1200. Al-Farabi wrote: D. 1093
A. Commentaries on the work of Plato and
Aristotle 1208. Nizam-ul-Mulk Tusi served as the
B. Commentaries on the work of Polybius Prime Minister of the whole Seljuq Empire
C. On the Philosopher king under:
D. The science of politics. A. Nizam Shah
B. Caliph Salim
1201. Al-Farabi is considered an authority C. Amir Timr
on: ___________? D. Emperor Babur
A. Greek Philosophers
B. Roman Philosophers 1209. Nizam-ul-Mulk Tusi was famous for:
C. English Philosophers _________?
D. Muslim Philosophers A. His Learning
B. His Wisdom
1202. A summary of Plato’s Law was C. His Physical Power
written by: _____________? D. His Administ – Ratio
A. Al-Farabi
B. Al-Mawardi 1210. Nizam-ul-Mulk Tusi wrote a book
C. Aristotle named: ________________?
D. None of these A. Advanced Trigonometry
B. Siasat Nama
1203. Al-Farabi by birth was: ___________? C. Comparative Politics
A. Turk D. Text Book of Algebra
B. Egyptian
C. Arab 1211. Nizam-ul-Mulk Tusi served as the
D. Iranian prime Minister of the: __________?
A. Turkish Empire
1204. Which Muslim thinker’s B. Seljuq Empire
commentaries popularized works of C. Roman Empire
Aristotle in the West and saved Greek D. None of these
thought from oblivion?
A. Al-Farabi 1212. Who wrote Siyasat Nama?
B. Al-Mawardi A. Tusi
C. Nizam-ul-Mulk Toosi B. Ghazzali
D. Al-Ghazali C. Farabi
D. Mawardi
1205. Which one is not written by ‘Farabi’?
A. A srmmary of Plato’s laws 1213. Dastaural Wazarat was written by:
B. Muqaddamah __________?
C. Siyasatul Madaniyah A. Ghazzali
D. Ara-Madinatul-Fadilah B. Tusi
C. Farabi
1206. Khawaja Abu Ali Hassan-bin-Ali bin D. Mawardi
Ishaq commonly known as Nizam-ul-Mulk
Tusi was born Tusi in ________ A.D. 1214. Who used the Persian term Padshah
A. 1017 for the King?
B. 1018 A. Ghazzali
C. 1019 B. Mawardi
D. 1020 C. Tusi
D. Iqbal
1207. Nizam-ul-Mulk Tusi was assassinated
in the year: 1215. Safar Namah was written by:

100
________? C. 9
A. Ghazzali D. 10
B. Tusi Read More Details about this.
C. Farabi
D. Mawardi 1222. On what date did the Quaid-e-Azam
address the Constituent Assembly for the
1216. Siyasat Namah’s total chapters are: first time?
___________? A. August 10,1947
A. 50 B. August 11,1947
B. 60 C. August 20,1947
C. 70 D. August 25,1947
D. 80
1223. Quaid-e-Azam appointed as
1217. Who said that in every age God the Governor-General of Pakistan by the
Almighty selects some one from among men ___________?
and gives over to him the charge of the well- A. Election
being of the world and the comfort and B. Selection
tranquility of the human race after duly C. Referendum
furnishing him with the act of the D. King
Government:
A. Al-Farabi 1224. The interim constitution of the
B. Ibn-e-Khaldun Pakistan was consisting on ___________?
C. Al-Ghazali A. Indian act, 1935 (amended)
D. Nizam-ul-Mulk Tusi B. Indian Independence Act. 1947
C. A and B
1218. Name the that when work was placed D. None of them
before the Seljuq Sultan Malik Shah he
read it thoroughly and declared that it 1225. The constituent Assembly met as
would form the law of the constitution of Legislature in _________?
the country in future. A. February, 1948
A. Siyasat Namah B. August,1948
B. Dastural-Wuzara C. March,1948
C. Al-Akam-Al Sultaniyah D. June,1948
D. Siyasatul-Madaniyah
1226. Under Khawaja Nazim-ud-Din the
1219. Who was the schoolmate of the Umar type of Government resembling.
Khayyam (the great poet) and Hasan bin A. Federal Government
Sabah, the founder of the Batiniyah sect of B. Cabinet Government
the Abbassins? C. Unitary Government
A. Al-Mawardi D. Parliamentarian Government
B. Al-Farabi
C. Al-Ghazali 1227. After the demise of Quaid-e-Azam
D. Nizam-ul-Mulk Tusi who enjoyed the actual administration of
the country?
1220. How many members were there in the A. Interior Minister
constituent Assembly when it was set up? B. Governor-General
A. 59 C. Cabinet
B. 69 D. Prime Minister
C. 79
D. 80 1228. When Liaqat Ali Khan was
assassinated by Akbar Ali Shah?
1221. How many members were later added A. October 16,1951
to the Constituent Assembly? B. March 17,1951
A. 5 C. April 14,1951
B. 7 D. June 17,1951

101
 D. By a vote of no confidence by judiciary
1229. Who was the second President of E. By the system of impeachment
Pakistan?
A. F.M. Ayub Khan 1236. Presidential form of government is
B. Muhammad Ali Bogra prevalent in:_________?
C. Zafar Ullah Khan A. U.S.A.
D. Abdul rab Nishter B. India
C. U.S.S.R.
1230. Who held the portfolio of Foreign D. England
Affairs in the first cabinet of Pakistan? E. Canada
A. Zafar Ullah Khan
B. I.I. Chundrigar 1237. Parliamentary form of government is
C. Abdul Rab Nishter quite common in: __________?
D. None of them. A. India
B. Switzerland
1231. A Presidential system, the executive C. U.S.A.
has _________? D. France
A. Has no effective power
B. Is only nominal head 1238. In a parliamentary system the
C. Has powers but have been delegated Ministers of the Cabinet:
D. Exercises all the powers to his A. Are not the members of the legislature
satisfaction B. Are the members of the legislature
C. Do not take interest in legislative business
1232. In Parliamentary system real power is D. Are not required to make policy statements
exercised by: in the legislature.
A. Parliament 1239. Presidential executive is also called:
B. Lower House _________?
C. President A. No fixed executive
D. Upper House B. Responsible executive
E. Cabinet C. Dependent executive
D. Fixed executive
1233. In Parliamentary system each cabinet
minister is: _________? 1240. Parliamentary executive in effect
A. Individually responsible to the Parliament means: __________?
B. Responsible to the Upper House A. Political homogeneity of the cabinet
C. Colletively responsible to upper House B. Freedom to express different views on the
D. For all effective purposes collectively floor of the House by the Ministers
responsible to House C. Disunity among the Ministers
D. Subordination of legislature.
1234. In Parliamentary system, the
executive has:________? 1241. In a parliamentary form of
A. Some minimum fixed tenure government a minister is responsible
B. Must hold position for the entire period for to:________?
which initially elected A. Upper House
C. No fixed tenure B. Lower House
D. None of These C. Nominal head of the state
D. Parliament
1235. A Presidential system is one in which
executive can be removed: 1242. Who was the mentor of Plato?
A. By a vote of no condidence in the upper A. Xenophon
House B. Aristotle
B. By a vote of no confidence in the lower C. Socrates
House D. None of these
C. By a vote of no confidence by 51% of the
total electorates 1243. Name the ancient philosopher who

102
wrote “The Republic”: B. Stagira
A. Eratosthenes C. Athens
B. Plato D. Cnidus Peninsula.
C. Diophantus
D. Eppipides 1251. Who said “Dictatorship naturally
arises out of democracy, and the most
1244. Who was the teacher of Plato? aggravated form of tyranny and slavery out
A. Xenophon of the most extreme liberty:”
B. Aristotle A. Eratosthenes
C. Socrates B. Plato
D. None of these C. Diophantus
D. Eppipides
1245. After years of travel and study, Plato
founded the Academy in:__________? 1252. Eudoxus was a great influence on:
A. 357 B.C. A. Euclid
B. 367 B.C. B. Ptolemy
C. 377 B.C. C. Both (a) & (b)
D. 387 B.C. D. None of these

1246. _________ was a Classical Greek 1253. Who said that a ‘political party is an
philosopher, mathematician, writer of organised body with voluntary
philosophical dialogues, and founder of the membership’:
Academy in Athens, the first Institution of A. Finer
higher learning in the Western world: B. MacIver
A. Plato C. G.C.Field
B. Aristotle D. G.D.H. Cole
C. Socrates E. Sorel
D. None of these
1254. Who said that a ‘political party is a
1247. Who was the student of Plato? voluntary association of people for the
A. Xenophon purpose of attaining political power’:
B. Aristotle A. Gettell
C. Socrates B. MacIver
D. None of these C. G.C.Field
D. Finer
1248. Which student of Plato developed the
system of concentric spheres that became 1255. In a good democratic system the
the epicycles of the Ptolemaic astronomical members should be: ____________?
system? A. Well disciplined
A. Socrates B. Free to come and go to the meetings as and
B. Xenophon when they like
C. Aristotle C. To disobey their leader
D. Eudoxus D. To organise sub-groups within the party

1249. Along with his mentor, Socrates, and 1256. Who said that ‘without the party
his student, Aristotle, helped to lay the system the state has no elasticity’?
foundations of Western philosophy and A. Finer
science: B. MacIver
A. Socrates C. Ogg and Zinc
B. Xenophon D. Garner
C. Aristotle
D. Plato 1257. Political parties give the type of
education which is basically:
1250. Eudoxus was born in: A. Moral
A. Sparta B. Physical

103
C. Political the system of judicial review?
D. Adult A. England
B. China
1258. One serious drawback of political C. U.S.S.R
party system is that: D. U.S.A
A. The masses are misled
B. It is not responsive to public opinion 1265. Name the country in which there is no
C. It does not help in the selection of system of rule of law?
candidates A. U.S.A
D. It does not provide a good link with the B. U.S.S.R
Government C. India
D. None of the above
1259. The system under which there are
more than two political parties which 1268. Which one of the following is the
predominantly control political situation is feature of the rule of law?
called: A. In it all elite are treated equal before law
A. Multi-party system B. In it all poor are treated equal before law
B. Single party system C. In it all rulers are treated equal before law
C. Bi-party system D. In it all bureaucrats are treated equal before
D. Dominant party system law
E. In it all are treated equal before law
1260. A very important advantage of bi-
party system is that: 1269. Who of the following has written:
A. Selection of candidates becomes easy “Introduction to the Law of the
B. Party control lessens Constitution”?
C. It becomes easy to fix responsibility for A. H.J.Laski
failures B. Ivor Jennings
D. Choice of candidates becomes very wide C. A.V.Dicey
D. Rousseau
E. T.Parsons
1261. Single party system primarily
functions in: __________? 1270. Which of the following Article of our
A. U.K. Constitution (1973) deals with equality
B. India before law?
C. U.S.A A. Article 25
D. U.S.S.R B. Article 26
E. France C. Article 27
D. Article 28
1262. Multi-party system prevails in:
__________? Equal protection of laws means:
A. U.S.S.R. A. All rich will be protected equally before
B. France law
C. China B. All citizens under equal circumstances
D. Hungary will be protected equally before law
E. U.S.A. C. All citizens under even unequal
circumstances will be protected equally before
1263. Who said that ‘parties are the power law
behind the throne’: D. Government will pay equal expenses for
A. Grotius giving justice to all
B. Montesquieu
C. Rousseau In U.S.A. The courts, while reviewing the
D. Finer law:
E. Sabine A. Go into the letters of the law
B. Go into the spirit of the law
1264. Name the country in which there is C. Go neither into letters nor spirit of the laws

104
D. Go both into the letters and spirit of the 1278Who wrote “Fozul Kabir”?
laws. A. Ghazzali
B. Mawardi
1271. The concept of Rule of Law first of all C. Shah Walliullah
was developed in: __________? D. Ibn-e-Khaldun
A. U.S.A
B. U.S.S.R 1279. Who wrote “Tafheemat-e-Ilahia”?
C. China A. Shah Walliullah
D. Japan B. Iqbal
E. England C. Ghazzali
D. Mawardi
1272. The concept of rule of law is popular
in a country which has: __________? 1280. Who was the father of Shah
A. Dictatorship Walliullah?
B. Authoritarian System A. Shah Abdur Rahim
C. Monarchy B. Al-Ghazzali
D. Presidential System of Government C. Ibn-e-Khaldun
E. Democracy, both Parliamentary and D. Allama Hijzai.
Presidential
1281. Who wrote Fatah al-Rehman?
1273. Name the country from which concept A. Shah Walliullah
of ‘equal protection of law’ we borrowed in B. Allama Iqbal
our Constitution? C. Al-Ghazali
A. U.S.A. D. Al-Mawardi
B. U.S.S.R
C. France 1282. Who wrote “Mussaffa”?
D. Switzerland A. Al-Ghazzali
E. China B. Al-Mawardi
C. Shah Walliullah
1274. Under which Article protection of D. Ibn-e-Khaldun
property rights of citizens are assured:
A. Article 24 1283. Aftaf-ul-Qudus was written
B. Article 25 by:________?
C. Article 26 A. Ghazali
D. Article 27 B. Mawardi
C. Shah Wlliullah
1275. Shah Walliullah was born in the year: D. Iqbal
A. 1700
B. 1703 1284. Who wrote the Persian translation of
C. 1709 Holy Quran at first?
D. 1712 A. Al-Ghazzali
B. Tusi
1276. Shah Walliullah was born in the city. C. Shah walliullah
A. Lahore D. Iqbal
B. Delhi
C. Amritsar 1285. In a federal form of government local
D. Lucknow government derives its powers from:
A. The head of the state
1277. Who wrote the book “Hujjat-ul- B. The legislature
Baligha”? C. The judiciary
A. Allama Iqbal D. The constitution
B. Ibn-e-Khaldun E. None of the above
C. Shah Walliullah
D. Mawardi 1286. Which one of the following is a
function which local government is usually

105
required to perform?
A. External affairs
B. Police administration
C. Defence
D. Finance
E. Railways
1287. Which one of the following is a
function which local government is usually
required to perform?
A. Health and sanitation
B. Higher and technical education
C. Transport
D. Communication
1288. Local governments are found only in:
_____________?
A. Unitary form of government
B. Federal form of government
C. Dictatorships
D. In all form of governments
1289. Which one of the following is true
about a local government?
A. It perform functions of national importance
B. It can amend the constition
C. It can get representation in world bodies
D. It can dictate central government
E. It is required to help central government
in discharging its obligations.
1290. Which one of the following is not a
merit of local government?
A. It helps in promoting efficiency
B. In it more attention can be paid to local
needs
C. It is expensive
D. It provides good training ground
E. It has great educative value
1291. Which one of the following is not a
merit of local government?
A. It helps in the creation of harmony
B. It promotes disharmony
C. It ignores harmony
D. None of the above
1292. In these days local governments are
trying to: __________?
A. Demand more autonomy
B. Have more dependence on central
government
C. Maintain status quo
D. Ignore their responsibility
106
1293. Which one of the following is true
about loan raising of local self-government
bodies?
A. These can float loans on their own
B. These can’t raise any loan
C. These can raise loans with the approval of
central government
D. These can raise loans with the approval
of state government
1294. Which one of the following is not true
about local government institutions?
A. These are useless appendage of the state
B. These are needed for efficient state working
C. These are required to reduce the work-load
of the centre
D. These are needed for attending to local
needs
1295. Institutions of local government are
found:
A. In democratic countries only
B. In democratic countries with parliamentary
system of government only
C. In democratic countries with federal system
of government only
D. In almost all the countries of the world
1296. The U.S.S.R means:
A. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
B. Union of Socialist Soviet Republics
C. Union of Supreme Soviet Republics
D. None of these
1297. The Soviet Union comprises:
A. 15 Republics
B. 16 Republics
C. 17 Republics
D. None of these
1298. The U.S.S.R is ruled by: _________?
A. One Political Party
B. Two Political Party
C. Multi-Political Party
D. None of these
1299. The Bolshevik Revolution took place
in: __________?
A. 1915
B. 1917
C. 1919
D. None of these
1300. The highest legislature of the U.S.S.R
is ___________? Independence was issued in ________?
A. The Supreme Soviet A. 1772
B. The Presidium B. 1776
C. The Council of Ministers C. 1783
D. The Supreme Court. D. None of those
1301. The Soviet Judiciary is ________? 1309. The United States at present is a
A. Independent federation consisting of _________?
B. Non-Independent A. 45 States
C. Neutral B. 50 States
D. None of these C. 52 States
D. 55 States
1302. The Constitution of the U.S.S.R is
interpreted by: _________? 1310. In America, ‘the residuary power’ are
A. The Supreme Soviet vested in ___________?
B. The Presidium A. The central government
C. The Council of Ministers B. The states
D. The Supreme Court C. The districts
D. None of these.
1303. The title of the former Emperors of
Russia was: _________? 1311. The American Constitution consists of
A. Sir a Preamble and __________?
B. Czar A. 7 articles
C. Knighthood B. 11 articles
D. None of these C. 15 articles
D. 22 articles
1304. The U.S.S.R Revolution took place in:
__________? 1312. The American Constitution is based
A. 1913 on __________?
B. 1915 A. Principle of separation of powers
C. 1917 B. Principle of co-ordination of powers
D. 1919 C. Principle of parity of powers
D. None of these
1305. The Second Soviet Constitution was
drafted in: __________? 1313. The Supreme Court of USA was
A. 1919 created by the original constitution of
B. 1924 ___________?
C. 1928 A. 1776
D. 1932 B. 1787
C. 1789
1306. The USSR was dissolved in: D. 1791
___________?
A. 1989 1314. The number of amendments effected
B. 1990 in the American Constitution are
C. 1991 __________?
D. None of these A. Twenty-two
B. Twenty-three
1307. The Federal Government of the C. Twenty-six
U.S.A. Came into existence on __________? D. Twenty-seven
A. April 30,1787
B. May 30, 1788 1315. In America, for proposing
C. June 30,1788 amendments, the number of ways
D. April 30,1789 are:__________?
A. Two
1308. The American Declaration of B. Three

107
C. Four B. 5 years
D. None of these C. 6 years
Read More Details about this Mcq D. 3 years

1316. In America, for ratifying 1323. The cabinet in U.S.A. works on the
amendments, the number of ways principle of: ___________?
is:_________? A. Join and collective responsibility
A. Two B. Sinking and Swimming together
B. Four C. Individual responsibility to the cabinet
C. Five D. None of These
D. None of these
1324. Cabinet secretaries in U.S.A. :
1317. In 1787, an American Constitution A. Are equals of the President
was ratified by:_________? B. Acept President as first among the equals
A. 9 out of 13 states C. Accountable to the Congress for all actions
B. 10 out of 13 states D. Are subordinates of the President and
C. 11 out of 13 states can be removed by him
D. 12 out of 13 states
1325. The President of the U.S.A. is:
1318. In U.S.A. The form of government is: ___________?
___________? A. Real head of the state
A. Parliamentary B. Nominal head of the state
B. Presidential C. Has only very limited powers
C. Absolute monarchy D. None of These
D. Limited monarchy
E. Dictatorship 1326. A person can become a President of
the U.S.A.
1319. In U.S.A. The President is: A. No matter whether he is natural or
___________? naturalized citizen
A. Directly elected by the people B. He should have attained 30 years age
B. Elected indirectly by an electoral college C. He should have resided in U.S.A. for the
C. Elected by the House of Representatives last 10 years
D. Elected by the Senate D. He should have resided in U.S.A. for 14
E. Nominated by the Chief Justice of the state years

1320. In U.S.A. President is elected: 1327. Under the Constitution of U.S.A. it is

A. For a fixed term
B. Can be called back by the people
C. Leaves office as soon as his party loses in
the House of Representatives
D. Leaves office as soon as his party loses in
the Senate.
provided that the President of U.S.A.
A. Can’t be immediately re-elected to
Presidency after the expiry of his first term
B. Can be elected twice
C. Can be elected thrice
D. Can be elected four times

1321. For his acts of omission and
commission, the President is accountable
directly to: ________?
A. Senate
B. House of Representatives
C. Supreme Court
D. The people of the U.S.A.
E. The state to which he belongs
1322. The President of U.S.A. is elected for
a period of _________ ?
A. 4 years
1328. The number of representatives in
electoral college for the election of the
President of USA is the same as that of:
A. The Senate
B. The House of Representatives
C. The Congress
D. The Congress by law may decide
1329. President of U.S.A. Is removed from
office when:
A. State which sent him decides to call him
back

108
B. When a resolution by a simple majority
against him is passed in the Senate
C. When House of Representatives passes a
resolution against him by 2/3rd mojority
D. When Senate after trial has decided to
remove him by 2/3rd majority.
1338. With what question does the Meno
begin?
A. What is virute?
B. Can virtue be taught?
C. Is virtue a kind of knowledge?
D. Are there many virtues or one?

1330. Socrates reacts to Anytus’ 1339. Where it Meno from?

disapproval of the Sophists with: A. Sparta
__________? B. Athens
A. Amazement C. Eos
B. Anger D. Thessaly
C. A rebuke
D. A theory 1340. Who is the student of Socrate?
A. Aristotle
1331. Protagoras is used as an example of B. Plato
__________? C. Aristophanes
A. A rich Sophist D. None of these
B. A corrupt politician
C. A gifted priest 1340. Who is a Xenoph?
D. A man of true knowledge A. Son of Socrates
B. Father of Socrates
1332. Anytus suggests that Meno talk to C. Student of Socrates
whom to learn about virtue? D. None of these.
A. The Sophists
B. Any Athenian on the street 1341. Select the date when the Soviet Union
C. An oracle was diffuse in: ____________?
D. Gorgias A. 1991
B. 1990
1334. How does true opinion relate to C. 1989
knowledge?A. It’s always inferior D. 1992
B. It’s sometimes superior
C. They are equally good 1342. Who was the following said that
D. It’s inferior in the long run liberty means power to do anything that
does not injure another?
1335. Socrates was awarded punishment: A. French Declaration of Rights of Man
A. Death B. Liber
B. Fine C. Laski
C. Banishment from Athens D. Herbert Spencer
D. Imprisonment for 3 years
1343. Who said, “liberty is the eager
1336. Socrates was a Greek ___________? maintenance of that atmosphere in which
A. Philosopher the men have the opportunity to be at their
B. Singer best seleves?
C. Composer A. Laski
D. Poet B. Bentham
C. Mosca
1337. Socrates believed that knowledge is D. Liber
the same thing as ______ or excellence and
is always good: 1344. Who said that liberty is means for the
A. Virtue realisation of fullness of individual’s life?
B. Knowledge A. Herbert Spencer
C. Faith B. Benjamin
D. Belief C. Laski
D. Bentham

109
E. James Mill
1345. According to Idealists liberty lies in
__________?
A. State’s performing no functions
B. Complete obedience to laws
C. Disappearance of state
D. The absence of force
E. The promotion of education
1346. Liberty means providing those
conditions which are essential for
development of human personality’ is the
view of:
A. Anarchists
B. Individualists
C. Idealists
D. Modern thinkers
1351. Liberty and equality are not
contradictory but complimentary to each
other.’ This was said by:
A. Mahatma Gandhi
B. Maulana Azad
C. H.J. Laski
D. Machiavelli
E. Non of the above
1352. Which one of the following is not true
about liberty?
A. It is a licence to do what one wants to do
B. It is not opposed to law
C. Rule of law is essential for its maintenance
D. Without restrictions it will be social
meanance
E. It can be maintained when people perform
their duties

1347. Which of the following is not an 1353. Who of the following has laid stress
essential condition for safeguarding liberty? on positive aspect of liberty?
A. Written constitution A. J.S. Mill
B. Democracy B. H.J. Laski
C. Federal system C. Bakunin
D. Right to resist D. Proudhan
E. Separation of powers
1354. Who has defined liberty by saying
1348. Which of the following is not one of “freedom is not the absence of restraints
the essential conditions for safeguarding but rather the substitution of rational ones
liberty? for the irrational”?
A. Separation of powers A. Seeley
B. Right of expression B. Gettell
C. Free Media C. G.D.H. Cole
D. Presidential system of government D. Mackechnie
E. Constant vigilance E. Laski

1349. “Freedom or liberty is the positive 1355. Who of the following has not
power of doing or enjoying something supported the idea of moral liberty?
worth doing or enjoying and that too A. Green
something we do or enjoy in common with B. Kant
others.” This definition was given by C. Bosanquet
A. Karl Marx D. Karl Marx
B. Thomas Hobbes
C. T.H Green 1356. Individual’s right to demand work
D. Hegel and leisure is covered under:___________?
E. Bentham A. Economic liberty
B. National liberty
1350. Who of the following said ‘Political C. International liberty
liberty in the absence of economic liberty is D. Political liberty
a myth’? E. Moral liberty
A. G.D.H. Cole
B. Dicey 1357. Who said that ‘Liberty is the eager
C. Lenin maintenance of that atmosphere in which
D. Stalin. men have the opportunity of be their nest
self”?

110
A. Laski endorcement of rights
B. Green
C. Marx 1365. Which one of the followings does not
D. Hobbes constitute economic liberty?
A. Right to work
1358. Who said that liberty consists in B. Right to Social Security
following the moral law? C. Self-government in industry
A. Cole D. Right to participate in the formulation of
B. Spinoza national plans
C. Marx
D. Barker 1366. The view that law and liberty are
opposed to each other has been expressed
1359. The view that “Liberty consists in by ___________?
following the moral law” is associated with: A. Idealists
________? B. Anarchist
A. Indiviualists C. Marxists
B. Idealists D. Socialists
C. Utilitarian
D. Socialists 1367. The view that every state law enlarges
individual freedom is associated with
1360. Who of the followings is considered _________?
the chief advocate of negative liberty? A. Marxists
A. T.H. Green B. Idealists
B. Laski C. Syndicalists
C. Barker D. Individualists
D. Bentham.
1368. Which one of the following safeguards
1361. Which one of the followings has been of liberty has been wrongly listed?
wrongly listed as civil liberty? A. Independent and impartial judiciary
A. Right to choose government B. Funcamental Rights
B. Feedom from threat to life C. Free Press
C. Freedom of thought and belief D. Compulsory Military Training
D. Freedom to exercise in general field of
contractual actions 1369. In order to determine the proper role
of government in a society it is useful to
1362. Who of the following was the chief distinguish between “the part of a person’s
exponent of natural liberty? life which concerns only himself and that
A. Rousseau which concerns others” according to:
B. Laski _________?
C. MacIver A. J.S. Mill
D. Herbert Spencer B. Locke
C. Godwin
1363. Which one of the followings does not D. Bentham
fall in the category of civil liberty?
A. Right to life 1370. Who said that “Liberty itself is not
B. Right to move freely one but manifold”?
C. Right to enter into contract with others A. Cole
D. Right to criticize the government B. Green
C. MacIver
1364. Which of the following does not fall D. Laski.
within the purview of the political liberty?
A. Right to vote 1371. “Economic liberty means security and
B. Right to contest elections the opportunity to find reasonable
C. Right to criticise the government significance in the earning of one’s daily
D. Right to move the court for the breed”? Whose words are these?

111
A. Adam Smith account when it invades rights.” (Laski)
B. Karl Marx Which one of the following is the just
C. Laski justification to the above statement?
D. Green A. It the realisation of that the government
can be brought to book in a court of law
1372. Which one of the following thinkers B. In identifying a man as a political unit in a
considered liberty and equality as way which distinguishes him from other
complementary? citizens
A. Lord Acton C. In a decentralized society wherein the basic
B. Machiavelli needs of men can find satisfaction
C. MacIver D. In the understanding that liberty and
D. None of the above restraints are complementary

1373. “The passion for equality made vain 1379. Which one of the following thinkers
the hope for liberty”. Who said this? emphasised the negative concept of liberty?
A. Lord Acton A. Marx
B. Austin B. Lenin
C. Poland C. Spencer
D. Lord Bryce D. Aristotle
E. None of the above
1374. A country is said to be enjoying
national liberty if: 1380. Who opposed state interference in the
A. It has adopted a democratic system of self-regarding actions of the individual?
government A. Marx
B. It enjoys a favourable balance of trade B. Hobbes
C. It is free from economic control of other C. TH. Green
powers D. J.S. Mill.
D. It is free from foreign rule and enjoys
self-government 1381. Who was the author of “On Liberty”:
A. J.S. Mill
1375. Civil liberty is inherent in the laws of B. Bentham
_________? C. T.H Green
A. State D. Laski
B. Nature
C. Society 1382. “If all the mankind minus one were of
D. All the above one opinion and only one person was of the
contrary opinion, the mankind would be no
1376. Who of the followings held that law more justified in silencing that one person,
restraints liberty? than he, if he had the power, would be
A. Idealists and Anarchists justified in silencing the marking.” Who
B. Individualists and Anarchists among the following made the above
C. Idealists and Socialists statement?
D. Anarchists and Socialists A. TH. Green
B. J.S. Mill
1377. “Freedom is the positive power or C. Mahatma Gandhi
capacity of doing or enjoying something D. H.J. Laski
worth doing or enjoying”. This view of
liberty was expressed by ___________? 1383. In most of the modern states the
A. Green individuals enjoy ____________?
B. Kant A. Absolute liberty
C. Laski B. Liberty with reasonable restrictions
D. Spencer C. No liberty
D. None of the above
1378. “Liberty therefore, is never real
unless the Government can be called to 1384. National Liberty implies:

112
A. All citizens residing in a state must be 1391. Who of the following thinkers tried to
granted liberty combine the elitist theory with Marxism?
B. The country is independent and A. Robert Michels
sovereign B. James Burham
C. Both (a) and (b) C. Vilfredo Pareto
D. None of the above D. None of the above

1385. Economic liberty can be ensured to 1392. The Elitist theory holds that the
citizens through ___________? power is always concentrated in the hands
A. Grant of right to work of: _________?
B. Provision of minimum wages A. Priestly class
C. Regulation of working hours B. Military class
D. All the above C. Civil Servants
D. A small group of elites
1386. Who defined democracy saying that
‘democracy is a form of Government in 1393. The elitist theory believes in leaving
which will of the majority of the qualified the formulation and implementation of
persons rules’? policy in the hands of: _________?
A. Dicey A. Elected representatives of the people
B. Bryce B. Permanent civil servants
C. Leacock C. An elite class
D. Woodrow Wilson D. A body composed of all the above three
E. Lincoln
1394. The Pluralist theory of democracy is
1387. Who said that democracy is the associated with __________?
Government of the people for the people A. Barelson
and by the people? B. Sartori
A. Lincoln C. Presthus
B. Bryce D. All the above three
C. Dicey
D. Herodotus 1395. The Pluralist theory of democracy
holds that:
1388. In true democracy interest looked A. The state is the source of all authority and
after are those of: ____________? all groups draw from it
A. Government B. The power in society is shared by the
B. Party in power government and other groups
C. Associations C. Political power cannot be divided among
D. Societies various groups, associations etC.
E. People as a whole D. None of the above

1389. In a democratic society the people are
valued on the basis of:
A. Their property
B. Their educational qualifications
C. Their nature of work
D. Their abilities and capabilities
E. Their capacity to run administration
1396. The Pluralist theory of democracy is:
______________?
A. Against separation of powers
B. Against periodical elections
C. In favour of elections because they help
in gauging public opinion
D. Against decentralisation of authority

1390. Which one of the following thinkers is 1397. The Economic aspects of democracy
connected with the Elitist theory? have been emphasised by constitutionality
A. Vilfredo Pareto of laws enacted by ___________?
B. Mosca A. Liberal Theory of Democracy
C. Robert Michels B. Marxian Theory of Democracy
D. All the three. C. Both Marxian and Liberal
D. Theories of Democracy

113
 B. J.S.Mill
1398. The Elitist theory of democracy C. Joseph Schumpeter
rejects the view that: D. Lipset
A. Democracy is a rule of the majority
B. Democracy is a government by a select 1405. The two forms of democracy are:
group of people __________?
C. Democracy is the best form of government A. Parliamentary and Presidential
D. In Democracy the moral worth of the B. Direct and indirect
individual is recognized C. Monarchical and Republican
D. None of These
1399. Which theory of democracy attaches
great importance to economic rights of 1406. Which one of the following ancient
citizens? thinkers regarded democracy as a
A. Marxist Theory perverted form of government?
B. Elitist theory A. Plato
C. Pluralist Theory B. Socrates
D. All the above C. Aristotle
D. Cicaro
1400. Which one of the following has been
wrongly listed as a feature of Liberal 1407. Who defined democracy as “a
Democracy? government in which everyone has a
A. Party system share”?
B. Periodic Elections A. Rousseau
C. Fundamental Rights B. Bryce
D. Democratic Centralism. C. Seeley
D. Abraham Lincoln
1401. Which one of the following theories of 1408. To a socialist democracy means a
democracy accords high priority to the society in which:
political rights of citizens A. Inequalities of wealth should be removed
A. Pluralist Theory of Democracy by state action
B. Elitist Theory of Democracy B. All the means of production and
C. Marxist Theory of Democracy distribution are owned by the state
D. Liberal Theory of Democracy C. Free enterprise and state enterprise exist
E. All the above side by side
D. No body is without work
1402. Democracy is distinguished from
dictatorship by the fact that 1409. Who defined democracy as
A. It aims at the material good of the people “Government of the people, by the people,
B. It ensures social justice for the people”?
C. It guarantees civil and political rights A. Woodrow Wilson
D. It is responsive to the will of the people B. Lord Bryce
C. Abraham Lincoln
1403. The concept of tyranny of majority in D. Laski
democracy is advocated by: __________?
A. Green 1410. Democracy is rule of: __________?
B. J.S.Mill A. Voters
C. Thomas Paine B. People
D. De Tocqueville C. Members of Parliament
D. Political.
1404. Who said, “Democracy is merely a
mechanism for choosing and authorising 1411. Democracy as a system of government
governments or in some other way getting is based on the principle of: _________?
laws and political decision made.” A. Majority rule
A. Macpherson B. Absolute liberty

114
C. End justifies the means
D. Quality rule
1412. Democracy as a system of
government:
A. Is a panacea for all political evils
B. Is a perfect government
C. Has its merits as well as demerits
D. Is fact declining
1413. Which one of the following statements
is not correct? The successful working of
democracy depends on:
A. Presence of political parties based on
political and economic principles
B. Presence of educated electorate
C. Presence of a strong propertied class
D. Presence of a vigorous system of local
government
1414. Which one of the following points
given below as merits of democracy has
been wrongly listed?
A. Democracy promotes general welfare
B. Democracy averts revolutions
C. Democracy leads to frequent changes in
the policy of government
D. Democracy promotes patriotism
1415. Which one of the following conditions
essential for the smooth working of
democracy has been wrongly listed?
A. Universal suffrage
B. Free elections
C. Minority rule
D. Presence of opposition
1416. Direct democracy is not possible in
modern times because:
A. People are indifferent towards the affairs of
state
B. Political parties are opposed to it
C. Propertied classes are opposed to it
D. Of the practical difficulties posed by the
size and population of modem states
1417. who of the following philosophers
championed the cause of direct democracy?
A. Hobbes
B. Rousseau
C. Marx
D. Hegel
1418. Plebiscite is a device of democracy
used for:
115
A. Enactment of laws
B. Ascertaining the views of people on a
policy matter of public importance
C. Appointment of civil servants
D. Appointment of judges
1419. Initiative is a device of direct
democracy, which confers a right on the
people:
A. To suggest candidates for appointment to
various offices
B. To suggest legislative measures which the
legislature is not enacting
C. To reject the laws passed b the legislature
D. To seek judicial opinion regarding the
constitutionality of laws enacted by the
legislature
1420. Referendum is a device of direct
democracy, which authorises the people:
A. To direct the Legislature to enact laws
desired by them
B. To demand reference of laws passed by
the legislature to people
C. To refer the bill to the Court to ascertain its
constitutional validity
D. To request the head of the state to withhold
signature on the bill passed bythe legislature.
1421. Landsgemeinde is a device, which
enables:
A. The people to recall their representatives if
they do not act according to their wishes
B. The adult citizens to take direct part in
the solution to the affairs facing their area
C. The local self-government institutions to
work efficiently
D. The people to remove the corrupt judges
1422. There are a number of devices of
direct democracy. The two most popular of
these devices are:
A. Referendum and initiative
B. Elections and Political Parties
C. Political Parties and Press
D. Landsgemeinde and Parliament
1423. Which one of the followings has been
wrongly listed as a feature of Marxian
democracy?
A. Provision for recall of the representatives
B. Elected Judiciary
C. Dominant role of leaders in preserving the
system
D. Emphasis on political freedom
 condition of individual freedom
1424. Which one of the following has been B. Emphasis on absolute freedom of individual
wrongly listed as a feature of Marxian C. Absolute powers for the state
democracy? D. None of the above
A. It stands for popular control over the means
of production and distribution 1430. Which one of the following thinkers
B. It lays emphasis on economic freedom emphasised the principles of adult
C. It shall work on the basis of decisions taken franchise, representative government,
through consensus freedom of press and frequent elections,
D. It should work through representative which form the cornerstone of Liberal
Parliaments theory of democracy?
A. J.S.Mill
1425. Which one of the followings has been B. Locke
wrongly listed as a feature of the Elitist C. Rousseau
theory of democracy? D. All the three.
A. The positions of control and decision
making mechanism in the political system 1431. The two basic principles of liberal
are always occupied by a small group of theory of democracy, which were
individuals emphasised by Locke, were:
B. There is no competition and adjustment A. Universal adult franchise and right to
among the various elite groups existing in a property
society B. Woman suffrage and secret ballot
C. The elite groups are well-organised C. Popular sovereignty and constitutional
D. The elite group generally tries to protect its government
own interests D. Natural Rights and Representative
Democracy
1426. The exponents of elitist theory
A. Believe in political equality 1432. Who of the following thinkers
B. Believe in equality between ruler and ruled asserted the principle that consent of the
C. Do not believe in equality between ruler people’ is the basis of state?
and ruled A. Adam Smith
D. Believe in all the above three principles B. Herbert Spencer
C. Bentham
1427. The concept of ‘power elite’ is D. Locke
connected with:
A. Pareto 1433. The basic principle of Liberal
B. Mosca democracy that the sovereign drew his
C. C. Wright Mills authority from the people was first
D. James Burham developed by:
A. J.S.Mill
1428. Which one of the following is wrongly B. Hobbes
listed as a feature of Liberal theory of C. Locke
democracy? D. None of the above
A. It emphasises that the power rests with the
people 1434. Land of direct democracy is
B. It holds that common interest can be ___________?
realised only through democratic government A. India
C. It concedes to the people the right to oppose B. East Germany
the state C. USSR
D. It does not give any power to the people D. France
to oppose the authority of the state E. Switzerland

1429. The chief contribution of Green to the 1435. Democracy has been preferred
Liberal theory of democracy was: because: ___________?
A. Emphasis on collective well-being as A. It believes that it is government of highly

116
competent persons
B. In it real patriots participate
C. In it there are no chances of violence
D. The people are participants in law
making process
1436. Democracy has come under criticism
these days because:
A. It is government of the amateurs
B. In it there is too much dependence on the
representatives of the people
C. In it sincere persons can never participate
D. In it, it is not possible to have stable
governments
1437. One of the essential conditions for the
success of democracy is that the people
should be:___________?
A. Propertied one
B. Educated
C. Devoted to social service
D. Well versed in the game of politics
1438. Democracy can succeed in a country:
A. Which is thickly populated
B. Which is thinly populated
C. Which has vast areas
D. Which has small territories
E. Where people have spirit toleration
1439. One of the features of democracy is
that:
A. It subjects people to hardships
B. Develops creative thinking among masses
C. Few enjoy monopoly of pwer
D. Only elites feel satisfied
1440. In a democracy who gets prominence:
A. The executive
B. The judiciary
C. The administrators
D. The citizens.
1441. In Western democracies Parliaments
are based on: __________?
A. Party system
B. Trade Union System
C. Groups of Citizens
D. The Citizens
1442. Out of the following who championed
the cause of direct democracy?
A. Stalin
B. Jawahar Lal Nehru
C. Rousseau
117
D. Herbert Spancer
1443. Modern democracy functions in one
of the following principles, point the out:
A. Means should justify ends
B. Ends should justify means
C. People have ultimate power
D. Pressure groups should run administration
1444. Success of democracy depends on
giving right to the:
A. People to hold property
B. People to criticise Government
C. People to get higher education
D. Muddle in the affairs of Government quite
frequently
1445. The democracy can function
successfully in a country:
A. Which is big in size
B. Which is small in size and population
C. Which is big in size and population
D. Which has hot climate
1446. When the voters take part in the
elections of representative bodies
themselves and elect the members, the
system is known as:
A. Representative democracy
B. Direct election
C. Universal adult suffrage
D. Indirect democracy
E. Proportional democracy
1447. Which one of the folloing is not a
feature of liberal democracy?
A. Active involvement of people in politics
B. Universal suffrage
C. Manhood suffrage
D. Free elections
1448. Which one of the following is not true
about liberal democracy? It means:
A. Free mass media
B. Independence of Judiciary
C. Representative government
D. Freedom of thought and expression
E. Dential of fundamental rights
1449. Which one of the following is not
applicable to indirect elections?
A. In it the people are directly involved in
electing their representatives
B. It it voters do not directly take part in
elections but their representatives elect the
mebers voters
C. Elected representatives are not respobsible B. It believes that the people are the real
to the electorates sovereign
D. Elected representatives are responsible to C. It believes that power is used by a small
the executive only group of elites
E. None of the above D. It believes that the judiciary is real power in
the state
1450. In democracy public opinion is E. It believes that in it public opinion is the
necessary. Which of the following is true moving force
about the meaning public opinion in
democracy? 1456. Who of the following is not associated
A. It means majority opinion with elitist theory of democracy?
B. It means unanimous opinion A. Pareto
C. It means opinion of intelligent people in the B. Laski
society C. Michels
D. It means opinion of dominant sections D. Burham
based on common good.
1457. Who of the following is associated
1451. Who of the following is not associated with the democracy?
with the concept of liberal democracy? A. Hobhouse
A. Hobbes B. Barker
B. Locke C. Lindsay
C. Rousseau D. G.D.H. Cole
D. Machiavelli E. Burham

1452. Who of the following is not associated 1458. Which of the following is correct
with liberal democracy”? definition of democracy?
A. J.S.Mill A. In it people are sovereign
B. T.H.Green B. In it working classes govern
C. Laski C. In it rich and poor cooperate really with
D. MacIver each other
E. Bakunin D. In it propertied adults have right to elect
their representatives
1453. Which one of the following is not true
about liberal democracy? 1459. Which of the following is not true
A. It is based on the concept of common good, about Pareto’s views about democracy?
which is vague A. The society is divided between the upper
B. It denies the freedom of expression to a and lower stratas
common man B. There are governing and non-governing
C. It believes that power does not rest with elites in society
small elites of society C. The people are the real sovereign in
D. It does not suggest concrete means for society
implementing fundamental values. D. Governing elites are very capable people
E. The elites run and govern democracy
1454. Western thinkers believe that the
most potential threat to democracy is from: 1460. According to Mosca main reason for
A. Capitalists controlling power by elite group in
B. Guld socialists democracy is:
C. Utilitarian A. That they are rich
D. Communists B. That they are educated
E. None of the above C. That they have influence in the masses
D. That they have control over economic
1455. Which one of the following is true activity
about elitist theory of democracy? E. That they are an organised minority
A. It believes that in it real power is with

118
1461. Which of the following is not an
essential element of political democracy?
A. Every adult citizen has right to take part in
elections
B. Every adult citizen has a right to occupy
and political office
C. Every citizen has equality before law
D. Every citizen has a right to criticise
government
E. Every citizen has a right to work
1462. Which of the following does not
constitute an essential attribute of
domocracy?
A. Freedom of speech
B. Freedom of association
C. Freedom of religion
D. Equality of property
E. Equality before law
1463. Who of the following believed that
political freedom without economic
democracy is a sham?
A. Individualists
B. Idealists
C. Utilitarian
D. Socialists
E. Fascists
1464. Which of the following is not the
characteristic of elitist theory of
democracy?
A. The power is controlled by small group of
people who enjoy social prestige
B. Elite group tries to protect the interests
of all
C. Elite group is well organised
D. Elite groups protect each others interests
E. There is a continuous competition among
elite groups
1465. Which one of the following is not true
about Pluralist theory of democracy?
A. It attaches great importance to elections
B. It is opposed to holding frequent
elections
C. It is of the view that elections help in
knowing public opinion
D. It is opposed to concentration of power
E. It believes that political power should be
divided in groups
1466. Which one of the following is not true
about socialist democracy of the Marxists?
A. In that there will be provision for recall
119
B. In that judiciary will be elected
C. In that judiciary will be nominated by
the legislature
D. In that there will be no economic
exploitation
E. It that welfare of the workers will be cared
1467. Which one of the following is not true
about socialist democracy of the Marxists?
A. In that leaders will guide the workers
B. In that there will be no antagonistic classes
C. In that economic needs of the people will be
met
D. In that there will be no social conflicts
E. In that interests of the poor will only be
protected
1468. Democracy is a system of government
in which the final power rests with
A. The mob
B. The people
C. The politicians
D. The civil servants
1469. Direct democracy is a system of
government in which :______________?
A. People directly representatives
B. People take direct part in the
administration of the country
C. People appoint the civil servants
D. All government officials are appointed
subject to the final approval of the people
1470. Direct democracy associated with:
___________?
A. Russia
B. Britain
C. India
D. Greece.
1471. The modern democracy is known as:
_________?
A. Direct democracy
B. People’s democracy
C. Representative democracy
D. Socialist democracy
1472. In democracy the final authority rests
with: __________?
A. Parliament
B. People
C. Council of Ministers
D. Civil servants
1473. The classical theory of democracy can
be traced back to the writings of:
__________?
A. Ancient Greek Philosophers
B. Ancient Chinese philosophers
C. Proudhon
D. French philosophers of the seventeenth
century
1474. Who of the following philosophers
was not associated with the Liberal Theory
of Democracy?
A. Locke
B. Hobbes
C. Karl Marx
D. J.S. Mill
1475. Which one of the followings has been
wrongly listed as contribution of Rousseau
to the Liberal theory of democracy?
A. General Welfare
B. Natural Equality
C. Consent of people as basis of state
D. Inalienable right of individual to determine
their affairs
1476. Which one of the followings has been
wrongly listed as a critic of democracy?
A. Locke
B. Lecky
C. Maine
D. Leveleye
1477. Lord Bryce defines democracy as:
________________________?
A. “A form of government in which the will of
majority of qualified rules.”
B. “The progress of all, through all under the
leadership of the best and the wisest.”
C. “Government by the freely chosen
representatives of the people and not by the
people themselves.”
D. “Nothing more than an experiment in
government.”
1478. Which one of the followings has been
wrongly listed as an essential attribute of
democracy?
A. Freedom of speech
B. Freedom of religion
C. Equality before law
D. Equality of property
1479. Lord Bryce has written “That form of
government in which the ruling power of a
state is legally vested, not in any particular
120
class, but in the members of the community
as a whole”. Which form of government he
is referring to _________?
A. Democracy
B. Parliamentary government
C. Federal government
D. Unitary government
1480. Which one of the following criticisms
holds good for Western democracy?
A. It promotes apathy towards Politics
B. It is characterised by vast socioeconomic
inequalities
C. It leads to monopoly over the means of
communications
D. All the above.
1481. The two words ‘demos’ and ‘cratia’
from which democracy draws its origin
belong to: _________?
A. Latin language
B. Greek language
C. French language
D. Spanish language
1482. Where is written that men are born
equal and always continue to be free and
equal in respect of their rights?
A. Charter of League Nations
B. Charter of U.N.O.
C. Slogan of Glorious Revolution
D. Slogan of French Revolution
E. Declaration of Rights of Man (1789)
1483. Who said that political equality can
never be real unless it is accompanied by
virtual economic equality:
A. Laski
B. D.G.H.Cole
C. Lord Action
D. De Tocqueville
1484. Which one of the following is not true
about equality?
A. It means equal right in political system
B. It means rule of law
C. It means economic disparity
D. It means equal right to hold political
office
1485. Which one of the following is not
covered under political equality?
A. Right to vote
B. Right to have political office
C. Right to contest elections
D. Right to criticise government
E. Right to live in family
1486. Today it is generally believed that
equality and liberty are:
A. Contradictory to each other
B. Just tolerate each other
C. Available only in totalitarian states
D. Outdated concepts
1487. Which one of the following events was
a protest against the prevailing inequalities?
A. Glorious Revolution of 1688 in England
B. The French Revolution of 1789
C. The American War of Idependence
D. All the three
1488. The philosophers of the seventeenth
and eighteenth centuries emphasised:
A. Economic equality only
B. Social and economic equality only
C. Social and political equality only
D. Social economic as well as political
equality
1489. In the twentieth century greater
emphasis was laid on: __________?
A. Political equality
B. Civil equality
C. Social and economic equality
D. Political and economic equality
1490. Civil or legal equality is a feature of:
__________?
A. All democratic governments
B. All types of governments
C. Only dictatorial governments
D. Countries, which possess written
constitution.
1491. Equality before law falls in the
category of: ___________?
A. Political equality
B. Social equality
C. Civil equality
D. Economic equality
1492. Who said “Political Liberty without
economic equality is a myth”?
A. T.H.Green
B. J.S.Mill
C. G.D.H. Cole
D. H.J.Laski
1493. Who said “Political Liberty without
121
economic equality is a myth”?
A. T.H.Green
B. J.S.Mill
C. G.D.H. Cole
D. H.J.Laski
1494. The view that “Liberty and Equality
are incompatible” was expressed by:
___________?
A. Marx
B. Hobbes
C. Adam Smith
D. Dc Tocqueville
1495. Liberty and equality are:
A. Complementary to each other
B. Contradictory to each other
C. Unrelated to each other
D. None of the above
1496. Equality in the negative sense means:
A. Absence of special privileges
B. Provision of special facilities for weaker
sections
C. Provision of special facilities to the ruling
class
D. None of the above
1497. Equality in the positive sense means
A. Provision of basic necessities to all
members of society
B. Provision of adequate opportunities to all
C. Equality, which is backed by the force of
law
D. Equality bestowed by nature
1498. Social equality means:
A. Each person should perform the functions
according to his status
B. No effort should be made to modify the
existing social system
C. No person should be made to suffer a
position of relative inferiority in relation to
other men due to difference in caste, race,
religion, etC.
D. Special effort to improve the lot of weaker
sections
1499. Which one of the following thinkers
considered liberty and equality as
complementary?
A. Lord Acton
B. MacLver
C. Machiavelli
D. De Tocqueville

1500. Economic equality means that:
A. Every citizen is able to satisfy his
primary needs before aspiring for luxuries
B. All should be subjected to an equal degree
of taxation
C. There should be economic equality between
men and women
D. There should be equal distribution of
wealth among all citizens of the world.
1501. Which one of the followings is
the most appropriate meaning of the
concept of of “protective
discrimination”.
A. Unequal treatment against the
privileged sections of the society
B. Discrimination in favour of the
underprivileged to raise them to the
level of the other sections of the
society
C. Preferential treatment for the weaker
sections
D. Discrimination against the
privileged sections of the society
1502.Which one of the following
thinkers considered liberty and
equality as complementary?A. Lord
Acton
B. MacLver
C. Marx
D. Rousseau
1503. “The passion for equality made
vain the hope for liberty”, who said
this?
A. Bentham
B. J.S.Mill
C. Karl Marx
D. Lord Acton
1504. Equality in true and positive
sense means:
A. Everyone should get equal
opportunity for the development of
his personality and all should be
equal before law
B. Every one should get equal wages
122
C. Everyone should get same type of
education
D. Everybody should follow the same
religion
1505. Which one of the following two
types of equalities was emphasized
by Barker?
A. Political and economic
B. Legal and political
C. Social and economic
D. Legal and social
1506. There are two pillars of
democracy viz. liberty and:
A. Law
B. Equality
C. Fraternity
D. None of the above
1507. Who of the following thinkers
maintain that liberty and equality
are antagonistic to each other?
A. Plato and Marx
B. Aristotle and Montesquieu
C. Lord Acton and De Tocqueville
D. Laski and Green
1508. Who said, “Political liberty
without exonomic equality is a
myth”?
A. Green
B. Laski
C. Marx
D. Cole
1509. Who said “There can be no
identity of treatment and identity of
reward so long as men differ in their
needs and capacities”?A. Lord Acton
B. Aristotle and Montesquieu
C. Marx
D. Laski
1510. Which one of the following
kinds of equality is not compatible
with the liberal notion of equality?
A. Legal equality
B. Political equality
C. Social equality
D. Economic equality.
1511. Equal wages for equal work for
both the sexes is covered under:
A. Political equality
B. Religious equality
C. Economic equality
D. Natural equality
E. National equality
1512. Caste system as it prevails in
India is primarily opposed to the
concept of: _________?
A. Political equality
B. Social equality
C. Economic equality
D. National equality
E. Legal equality
1513. Equality in true and positive
sense means that:
A. Everyone should get equal
opportunity for development of
personality
B. Everyone should get equal property
C. All must get equal social status
D. All must get equal wages
E. All must get equal employment
1514. “The passion for equality made
vain the hope for liberty”. Who of
the following has said this?
A. J.S.Mill
B. Bentham
C. Green
D. Marx
E. Bodin
1515. Equality in the positive sense
means:
A. Following the same religion
B. Following the same political
ideology
C. Equal opportunity to get higher
123
education
D. Equal health facilities
E. Equality before law
1516. Who of the following has said
“Political liberty in reality can only
be real when there is social
equality”?
A. Lord Acton
B. MacIver
C. Laski
D. Bodin
E. None of the above
1517. Who of the following has said,
“Liberty and equality are not in
conflict nor even separate, but are
different facets of same ideal”?
A. Karl Marx
B. Bakunin
C. Laski
D. MacIver
E. Herbert A. Deare
1518. Which one of the following is
true about social equality?
A. It means elimination of caste
distinction
B. It means equal right to vote
C. It means equal property
D. It means equal opportunities to
travel abroad
1519. Equality before law is possible:
A. In a presidential form of
Government
B. In a federal form of Government
C. In a unitary form of Government
D. In a country with written
constitution
E. In a society with democratic set up
1520. Womanhood franchise means
equality in: ___________?
A. Economic sense
B. Cultural sense
C. Political sense
D. Moral sense
E. None of the above
1521. Which one of the following is
true about economic equality. It
means:
A. Minimum basic needs of all
B. Minimum basic needs of the rich
C. Possession of equal property by all
D. None of These
1522. Who of the following said that,
“The Liberty and equality are
opposed to each other misunderstand
the meanings of these words?
A. Lord Acton
B. Laski
C. Profession Towny
D. Professor Ashirvatham
E. Pollard
1523. Which one of the followjng has
been wrongly listed as constituting
equality?
A. Provision of adequate opportunities
for all
B. Absence of distinctions based on
class, caste, etc.
C. Provision of equal pay for all
D. Absence of discrimination
1524. The grant of franchise to
women on equal terms with men is
assertion of the principle of:
A. Political Equality
B. Civil Equality
C. Natural Equality
D. Social Equality
1525. One of the chief merits of
functional representation is:
A. It encourages people to think in
terms of their class interests
B. It ensures equitable representation to
the various professions
C. It promotes national unity
124
D. It secures representation to
various interests and makes the
parliament a truly representative
body
1526. Second Ballot system, another
method for minority representation,
implies:
A. Each voter has two votes
B. Voting is held as many times as
necessary until a candidate is elected
with an absolute majority of votes
C. Voting is held at the most for three
times
D. Voting is held twice, and in the
second voting the contest is held
between the two candidates who
secure maximum votes in the first
voting
1527. One of the chief merits of
second ballot system is:
A. Poor candidates are deterred from
contesting the election
B. There is no scope for corruption
C. It gives satisfaction to people that
they are being governed by a
representative elected by absolute
majority
D. The political parties come to playa
dominant role
1538. “Really I think that the poorest
he that is in England bath a life, as
the greatest he, and therefore truly,
sir, I think it is clear that every man
that is to live under a government
ought first by his own consent to put
himself under the government, and I
do think that the poorest ram in
England is not at all bound in a strict
sense to the Government that he bath
not had a voice to put himself
under”. The statement argues for;
A. Rule according to the consent of
the governed
B. Rule of the poor
C. Expropriation of the rich 1534. The system of direct election is liked
D. Distribution of wealth equally to all because:

A. In it there is indirect link between the

1529. Which one of the followings is elected and the voters
the most important feature of B. In it even the ignorant get right to vote
elections? C. It is not suited to small nations
A. Elimination of multi-party system D. It ends rigours of party system
B. Helping citizens maintain their
rights 1535. The system of direct election is
disliked because:
C. Peaceful change of government
D. Removal of bottlenecks in the A. In it all do not get right to vote
working of democracy B. It introduces the evils of party system
C. It is opposed to the idean of populr
1530. Which one of the following sovereignty
countries was the first to grant D. In it there are many chances of bribery
E. Prestige and dignity of voters comes down
franchise to all citizens at the age of
18 years 1536. Under joint electorate system:
A. Britain
B. France A. Each community is given seqpaate
C. Soviet Union representation
D. None of These. B. Seats are reserved for each caste
C. Seats are reserved for each function
D. There is no reservation of seats for
1531: Who said “I regard it as wholly
anyone
inadmissible that any person should
participate in the suffrage without being
1537. The system of instructed
able to read
representation has been much opposed by:
A. J.S.Mill
B. Laski
A. Burke
C. Marx
B. Montesquieu
D. Bentham
C. Rousseau
D. Spencer
1532. Who said, “It is important that the
assembly, which votes the taxes, either
1538. When in the election process voters
general or local, should be elected
themselves elect their representatives the
exclusively by those who pay something
system is known as:
towards the taxes imposed.”
A. Representative democracy:
A. Adam Smith
B. Direct elections
B. J.S.Mill
C. Adult franchise
C. Laski
D. Direct democracy
D. Aristotle
1539. In Pakistan elections are organized
1533. Which one of the following was in
by:
favour of grant of right to vote only to the
educated people?
A. The President of Pakistan
B. The Prime Minister of Pakistan
A. Jawaharlal Nehru
C. The Parliament
B. Bentham
D. The Election Commission
C. J.S.Mill
E. The Supereme Court of Pakistan
D. Marx
1540. Which of the following is true about

125
the terms ‘electorate’?
A. A voter who is required to elect his
representative
B. An area from where representative is to be
elected
C. The body of persons elected
D. Method of election used to elect a
representative
1541. Who of the following favoured the
system of proportional representation?
A. Bentham
B. J.S.Mill
C. T.H.Green
D. Herbert Spencer
1542. Who of the following was opposed to
the system of universal adult franchise on
the plea that it was not really universal?
A. Marx
B. Rousseau
C. Laski
D. Garner
E. Gilchrist
1543. What is the main objective of
proportional representation system?
A. It aims at giving representation to
minorities
B. It aims at protecting the interests of women
C. Its aim is to protect the rights of various
occupations
D. It aims at giving more opportunities to the
voters to participate in governmental affairs
1544. A by-election is an election, which is
held:
A. Along with general elections
B. To fill a vacancy after general elections
are over
C. Each year to fill vacant vacancies
D. When desired by the head of the state
E. To fill a vacancy caused by the resignation
of a Minister
1545. Who of the following said “All true
and democratic representation is functional
representation. The omni-competent
parliament is unsuitable to any really
democratic country’?
126
A. G.D.H. Cole
B. Rousseau
C. Karl Marx
D. J.S.Mill
E. Herbert Spencer
1546. Joint electorate system means:
A. Where men and women are allowed to vote
together
B. Where people of all religions are allowed to
vote together
C. Where voters belonging to all categories,
castes and religion vote together
D. Where only women are allowed to vote
together
1547. Which one of the following is not true
about Limited vote Plan?
A. Its aim is to give representation to
minorities
B. In it the constituencies are always single
member
C. In it voter is required to cast one vote less
than the number of candidates to be elected
D. No voter can cast his vote in favour of one
and the same candidate
1548. Which one of the following is the main
requirement of single transferable vote
system?
A. Single member constituency
B. Multi-member constituency
C. Double member constituency
D. Separate electorate
E. Womanhood suffrage
1549. The system under which a voter is
given more than one vote to cast is known
as:
A. Public voting
B. Compulsory voting
C. Secret voting
D. Plural voting
1550.A system under which a representative
is required to work under instructions from
his electorates is known as:
A. Public voting system
B. Plural voting system
C. System of functional representation
D. System of secret ballot D. Right to vote granted to ad without
E. System of instructed representation discrimination

1551. Who of the following favoured the 1557. Universal Adult Franchise means
idean of two parliaments for dealing A. Right to vote granted to all University
separately with political and economic graduates
affairs? B. Rught to vote granted to all adult citizens
A. G.D.H.Cole C. Right to vote granted to all men
B. Pareto D. Rgith to vote granted to citizens who pay
C. Max Weber taxes
D. Michel. R
E. Henry Webbs 1558. The Universal Adult feature of:
_________?
1552. Which one of the following is not true A. Democratic system
about woman suffrage? B. Totalitarian system
A. It helps in protecting the interests of weaker C. All systems
sections of society D. None of the above
B. Denial of woman suffrage is against the
concept of political sovereignty 1559. The Universal Adult Franchise is a
C. Any denial is opposed to the concept of indication of the principle of the:
democracy A. Legal sovereignty
D. It is likely to reduced political conflicts in B. Political sovereignty
family life C. Popular sovereignty
D. National sovereignty
1553. Which of the following is not an
essential feature of single transferable vote 1560. The citizens who are allowed to
system? participate in voting process are called:
A. In this there should be multimember _________?
constituency
B. Each voter has more than one vote A. Electorates
C. Quota of each candidate to win the seat is B. Candidates
fixed in advance C. Office Bearers
D. Surplus votes of winning candidate can be D. None of These
transferred to the other 1561. One of the important advantages of
E. None of the above adult franchise is that:
A. It is keeping with democratic system
1554. Franchise means: B. It increases the value of the vote
A. Vote C. It develops among the people a sense of
B. Right to vote possession
C. Right to vote granted to women D. It brings stability in political system
D. Right to vote granted to men
1562. The system of adult franchise is
1555. Electorate means: keeping with the concept of:
A. The body of voters A. Titular sovereignty
B. The elected representatives of people B. De-Jure sovereignty
C. The nominated members of parliament C. Popular sovereignty
D. The candidates who actually contest the D. Legal sovereignty
elections
1563. One of the serious disadvantages of
1556. Suffrage means adult franchise is that:
A. Enactment of bad laws which cause A. It will develop anti-national feelings
suffering to common people B. Fight of vote can go to the ignorant
B. The right to vote C. Choice of candidates becomes very limited
C. Right to vote granted to people with D. Women will participate in elections which
property will make politics dirty

127

1564. Women of France got the right to
vote:
A. At the beginning of 1st World War
B. At the beginning of 2nd World War
C. At the close of 1st World War
D. At the close of 2nd World War
1565. Woman franchise is pleaded because:
A. As weaker section of society they need
protection
B. For women proper place is not the home but
politics
C. Women can ably perform their duties
D. Feminine qualities will develop among
women
1566. Womanhood franchise is opposed
because:
A. Female education is not politically
motivated
B. It is against basic concept of democracy
C. Women are a strong section in every
society
D. Women are not good citizens of state
1567. A good voter can be one who:
A. Is highly educated
B. Is in possession of good wealth
C. Pays his taxes well in time
D. Has a house to live
1568. Proportional representation primarily
aims at giving representation to:
A. Religious minority
B. Linguistic majority
C. Caste majority
D. Minorities in societies
1569. List system was adopted in actual
practice in:
A. U.S.A.
B. USSR
C. U.K.
D. France
E. Canada
1570. Who said that ‘proportional
representation system contributes to the
aggravation of successful sectionalism’?
A. Getten
B. Finer
C. Leacock
D. Gilchrist
E. Ebstein
128
1571. One great advantage of proportional
representation is that:
A. Minorities get proper representation
B. It is a simple system
C. It can easily be practised in big countries
D. It ends distinction between the majority and
the minority
1572. One serious disadvantage of
proportional representation is:
A. That small countries cannot follow it
B. That it is too easy to be manipulated
C. That it reduces the grip of political parties
D. That it widens gap between the majority
and the minority
1573. Under functional representation,
representatives are elected on:
A. Income basis
B. Territorial basis
C. Functional basis
D. Property basis
1574. Who has said that functional
representation system is artificial as well as
unreal?
A. Bentham
B. G.D.H.Cole
C. Leacock
D. Gilchrist
1575. Who of the following has suggested
that there should be two Parliaments, one
for dealing with political and other with
economic problems?
A. G.D.H.Cole
B. Henry Webbs
C. Hobhouse
D. James Mill
E. J.S.Mill
1576. One advantage of functional
representation is that:
A. All aspects of life can be covered in this
system
B. It can help uniting all economic groups
C. Legislative work can be conducted by
very competent persons
D. National interests can be cared more than
ever
1577. One serious problem of functional
representation is that:
A. It introduces all evils of territorial
representation
B. The consumers will not get proper
representation
C. The producers will not get proper
representation
D. It will divide society in small economic
groups
1578. A multi-member constituency is one
from which:
A. More than one representative is to be
elected
B. At least five members are to be elected
C. Some important personality is to be got
elected
D. Prime Minister is got elected
E. None of the above
1579. Which one of the following is not the
advantage of list system?
A. In it political parties get satisfaction
B. It increases dissatisfaction of of
minorities
C. It can result in the cooperation of minorities
D. It it there is no loss of votes
E. It enhances the prestige of legislature
1580. Which of the following is not true
about cumulative method?
A. Its aim is to promote national unity
B. It aims at protecting the educated classes
C. It aims at protecting minorities
D. In this there are always multimember
constituencies
1581. Which one of the following is not a
valid criticism against compulsory voting?
A. It aims at forcing disinterested people to
vote
B. It will reduce the importance of vote
C. It may result in the election of non-
deserving persons
D. Voting cannot be a matter of compulsion
E. Vote cannot be national trust to be
exercised by all compulsorily
1582. Which one of the following is not an
important qualification of an enlightened
voter?
A. He should be educated
B. He should be politically awakened
C. He should be a property owner
D. He should cast his vote judiciously
E. He should not be swayed by consideration
of caste and religion at the time of elections
129
1583. Who said that universal adult
franchise is no really universal?
A. Laski
B. Gilchrist
C. Gettell
D. Gamer
1584. Universal Adult Franchise is justified
on the ground that:
A. It leads to rule by ignorants
B. It makes the parliament very powerful
C. It gives power to the elected representatives
of people
D. It gives practical shape to the principle of
popular sovereignty
1585. Women suffrage means:
A. Right to vote granted to all adult
married women
B. Right to vote granted to adult married
women
C. Right to vote granted to graduate women
D. Right to vote granted to those women who
have undergone political suffering
1586. One of the arguments in favour of
women suffrage is:
A. It destroys the feminie qualities
B. Women learn the art of government which
proves helpful in the management of family
affairs
C. Political alertness leads to better
understanding between hunsand and wife
D. Women require greater protection and
safeguards
1587. Women in England got franchise on
equal terms with men in
A. 1688
B. 1911
C. 1928
D. 1950
1588. One of the arguments advanced
against Women Suffrage is:
A. Menfolk can represent the interests of
women better
B. Their participation in the political life
would lead to corruption
C. Women are ill-fitted to represent their own
interests
D. Women would lose many of their
feminine qualities
1589. Who pleaded that there should be two
Parliaments to deal with the economic and
political problems:
A. Henry Webbs
B. G.D.H. Cole
C. J.S. Mill
D. Marx
1590. Joint Electorate is a system in which:
A. Seats are reserved for various condidate is
returned unopposed interests
B. There is no reservation of seats for of
candidates may contest but only anyone
C. Elections are held simulaneously for the
central and state legislatures
D. None of These
1591. Direct election means:
A. People assemble at one place and elect their
representatives by voice
B. People can suggest the name of their
representative on their own
C. People cannot authorise their
D. The voters directly take part in the
election of their representatives
1592. Indirect election means:
A. People can participate in election through
proxy
B. People elect their representatives through
postal ballots
C. People elect the intermediate electors
who finally elect their representatives
D. The representatives are elected by the
general body of people
1593. The chief defect of direct election is:
___________?
A. It promotes aversion towards public affairs
B. It is not in keeping with democratic
principles
C. It has no educative value
D. Representatives are responsive to public
opinion
1594. Constituency means:
A. A law according to which the territory is
divided into a sumber of units for the purpose
of elections
B. The division of the country into electoral
areas for the purpose of conducting the
elections
C. The areas of the country as defined in the
constitution
D. None of the above things
130
1595. A sinle-member constituency means:
A. A constituency from which only one
candidate contests the election
B. A constituency from which a candidate is
returned unopposed
C. A constituency from which a number of
candidates may contest but only one
member is elected
D. None of the above
1596. One of the chief merits of single
member constituencies is: _______?
A. People have a very limited choice in the
selection of their representatives
B. Intimate relationship is possible between
the electors and the representative
C. Local interests are given precedence over
national interests
D. Minority may get over representation
1597. One of the main defects of the single-
member constituencies is:
A. Intimate relationship is not possible
between the elector and representative
B. Intimate relations are possible between the
electors and the representative
C. Every region gets adequate representation
in the Parliament
D. Peoples choice regarding representative
is narrowed
1598. Multi-member constituency means:
A. Constituency from which a number of
candidates contest but only one of them is
finally elected
B. Constituency from which a number of
candidates contest but only two of them are
finally elected
C. When several members are elected from
the same constituency
D. Nixie of the above
1599. A Multi-member constituency is
better than single-member constituency
because
A. It provides greater freedom to the people
in selecting their representatives
B. It encourages the growth of a number of
political parties
C. It is easy for the poor man to contest
elections
D. It ensures more stable ministries
1600. Minority representation means
A. Representation to persons below the age of
about hood, so that they may be able to protect
the interests of the minors
B. Representation to the various minorities
present in a state
C. Representation to propertied classes which
form a minority of the total community
D. None of the above
1601. Proportional Representation is a
method of representation which:
A. Provides votes to the people keeping in
view their property
B. Provides extra votes to the educated people
C. Provides representation to all the political
parties
D. Provides representation to each group of
party in proportion to its voting strength
1602. The two prominent schemes of
proportional representation are:
A. Hare Scheme and List System
B. Universal Adult Franchise and Direct
Elections
C. Reservation of Seats and Direct Election
D. Direct Election and Communal
Representation
1603. Under the Hare Scheme every voter
enjoys:
A. One effective role
B. As many votes as there are seas to be filled
C. One vote less than the number of seats to be
filled up
D. Only two votes
1604. The Quota under the Hare Scheme is
determined by:
A. Dividing the total number of votes by two
B. Dividing the total number of valid polled
votes by the number of seats to be filled up
plus one and by adding one to the quotient
C. The number of votes in fixed by law before
the election is held
D. The number of votes is decided by all the
contesting candidates before the election
1605. Under single transferable vote system
each voter can:
A. Indicate only two preferences
B. Indicate only one preference
C. Indicate one preference less than the seats
to be filled up
D. Indicate as many preferences as there
are candidates to be elected
131
1606. Under the List System there are:
A. Single-member constituencies
B. Two member constituencies
C. Nulti-member constituencies
D. None of the above
1607.Under the List system each voter
enjoys:
A. Only one vote
B. As many votes as there are seats to be
filled up
C. One vote less than total number of seats to
be filled up
D. Two votes
1608. Under the List System each voter :
A. Votes for the list as a whole
B. Can pick up candidates from various lists
C. Can indicate candidates in the votes
D. Can prepare his own list from amongst the
candidates
1609. Under the List System the list of the
contesting candidates is prepared by:
A. Each political party
B. The voters
C. The Election Commissioner
D. Mutual consent of the political parties
contesting elections
1610.The Limited vote Plan, which is a
scheme for minority representation, entitles
each voter to cast
A. Only one vote
B. As many votes as there are candidates to be
elected
C. One vote less than the seats to be filled
up
D. Cast all his votes in favour of any single
candidate
1611. The Limited Vote Plan is defective in
so far as it
A. Provides representation to small minorities
alone
B. Provides representation to the majorities
alone
C. Provides representation to large
minorities only
D. Provides no representation to the minorities
1612. The three important schemes
representation of minorities are:
A. Limited vote plan, Cumulative Vote Plan
and Reservation of Seats
B. Proportional Representation, Territorial
Representation and Communal Representation
C. Universal Adult Franchise, Secret Ballot
and Functional Representation
D. None of These
1613. The Cunulative Volting Plan, which
gives to each voter as many votes as there
are seats to be filled up, requires the voter
A. To cast all his votes in favour of one
B. Not to cast all his votes in favour of anyone
candidate
C. To divide the votes amongst the candidates
D. Give all votes to one candidate or list for
which he divides them between two or more
candidates according to his choice
1614. Communal Representation means:
A. Representation on the basis of ideology
B. Representation on the basis of cast
C. Representation on the basis of religion
D. Representation on the basis of profession
1615. Communal representation pre-
supposes the existence of: _________?
A. A Joint electorate
B. Separate electorates
C. Reservation of seats
D. There can be both joint as well as separate
electorates
1616. Limited Vote Plan is a scheme of:
__________?
A. Minority representation
B. Proportional representation
C. Majority rule
D. Free and fair elections
1617. Territorial Representation means:
A. Election of representatives on the basis of
an area or locality
B. Election of the representatives on the basis
of their profession
C. Election of the representatives by various
local government institutions
D. Election of representatives who own land
1618. Functional Representation means:
_________?
A. Representation of government functionaries
B. Representation on vocational basis
C. The functions of the representatives are
well defined
D. The representatives are free to function as
they like
132
1619. One of the strong advocates of
Functional Representation was:
A. Rousseau
B. Mirabeau
C. Marx
D. Engels
1620. “If there be any difference, women
require it more than men, since being
physically weaker they are more dependent
on law and society for protection”. The
above statement, which makes out a case for
grant of franchise to women, was made by:
A. Herbert Spencer
B. Laski
C. J.S.Mill
D. Marx
1621. Who of the following was a great
supporter of plural voting?
A. Green
B. Laski
C. J.S.Mill
D. Bentham
1622. In the List System of voting, the voter
indicates his:
A. Choice for a candidate
B. Choice for a political party
C. Like or dislike for the ruling party
D. Preferential order among the candidates
1623. “The electorate in modem times has
virtually become an organ of the
government”, with which of the following
writers the above statement is associated
A. Garner
B. Lenin
C. Laski
D. Bryce
1624. Which one of the following is not true
about the role of political parties in the
formation of public opinion?
A. These hold public meetings
B. These spread political literature
C. These help in the selection of candidates
D. These highlight main political problems
E. These draw attention to national affairs
1625.Which of the following is an essential
element of public opinion?
A. Public issues
B. Views of the majority but not of all
C. National thinking
D. Sense of common good
1626.Which of the following is not expected
to be discharged by the public opinion?
A. To control the arbitrariness of the
government
B. To awaken public consciousness on ;oblic
issues
C. To help contact between de-facto and de-
jure sovereign
D. To enable people to participate directly in
the process of legislation
E. None of these
1627. One of the important agencies, which
help in the formation of public opinion, is:
A. Cooperative societies
B. Controlled
C. Committed judiciary
D. Open platform
E. Single party legislature
1628. One of the important agencies, which
help in the formation of public opinion, is:
A. Free mass media
B. Unicameral legislature
C. Single party dominant government
D. Communist system of government
E. None of the above
1629. Which one of the following is not a
hindrance in the formation of public
opinion?
A. Committed press
B. Controlled mass media
C. Single party political system
D. Widespread education
E. Disparities in wealth
1630. Which one of the following is a
hindrance in the formation of sound public
opinion?
A. Circulation of political literature
B. Freedom to political parties to spread ideas
C. Removal of illiteracy
D. Widespread illiteracy
E. Periodical elections
1631. Press can help in the formation of
public opinion if:
A. It is under party control
B. It is under government control
C. It is highly critical of opposition policies
D. It is highly critical of government policies
133
E. It is impartial and free
1632. Education can help in the formation
of public opinion when it:
A. Imparts committed education
B. Helps in developing moral character
C. Helps in developing sound physique
D. Helps in developing freethinking
E. Ensures that all get free education
1633. Certain features of public opinion are
given below, but one of them has been
wrongly listed. Tick the same.
A. Public opinion is definite opinion
B. Public opinion is based on sound arguments
and reasons
C. Gererally it is the opinion of the
intellectual minority
D. Public opinion is based on common good
1634. Who said ‘The success of democratic
government depends upon the degree to
which the public opinion is sound, well
developed and effective in controlling the
actions and policies of the government?
A. Ernest Barker
B. H.J. Laski
C. Lord Bryce
D. Gettell
1635. Who compared the voice of the people
with the voice of God:
A. Hobbes
B. Laski
C. Machiavelli
D. Green
1636. Who defined public opinion as ‘the
opinion held by the majority and passively
acquiesced in by the minority.”
A. Lord Bryce
B. Laski
C. J.S. Mill
D. Lowell
1637. Public Opinion plays a vital role in:
___________?
A. Democratic system
B. Dictatorial system
C. Both democratic as well as dictatorial
systems
D. The smooth working of all types of political
systems
1638. George Hoarace Gallup, who invented
the method of Gallup Poll, hailed from :
A. Britain
B. Germany
C. Sweden
D. U.S.A.
1639. Gallup Poll is: _________________?
A. A method of propagating a set of public
opinion
B. A method of gauging public opinion on
specific issues through sample questioning
of individuals representing cross section of
society
C. An American term used for midterm
elections
D. A term used for general elections in
1640. Which one of the followings is suicidal
to the growth of healthy public opinion?
A. Television
B. Radio
C. Cinema
D. Tellow journalism
1641.Of a government constantly ignores
republic opinion:
A. People would become indifferent towards
government
B. People would revolt against the
government
C. The people shall cease to have any public
opinion
D. It would greatly weaken the country and
undermine the legitimacy of the government
1642. Which one of the following factors
hampers the growth of a healthy public
opinion in a country?
A. Free press
B. Political Parties
C. Poverty of the people
D. Illiteracy
1643. Who said “The success of democratic
government depends upon the degree to
which the public opinion is sound, well
developed and effective in controlling the
actions and policies of government”
A. Barker
B. Garner
C. MacIver
D. Gettell
1644. Which one of the following statements
134
is the best definition of the public opinion?
A. The aggregate of all identical personal
opinions on a specific issue
B. The sum-total of the opinions of a majority
C. The aggregate of personal opinions held by
certain influential individuals
D. Politically significant views shared and
voiced by relatively large segments in a
political community
1645. Which one of the following agencies
exercises maximum influence on the
formulation of public opinion:
A. Educational institutions
B. Religious institution
C. Trade associations
D. Press and radio
1646. The importance of pblic opinion for
the successful working of democracy lies in
the fact that:
A. It shapes the policies of the government
and exercises control over it
B. It works for the prosperity of the
community
C. It protects the people
D. It ensures independence of judiciary
1647. Law and public opinion:
A. Are generally opposed to each other
B. Generally conform to each other
C. There is no relationship between the two
D. Law creates the public opinion
1648. Educational institutions help in the
formulation of public opinion by:
A. Imparting education
B. By paying attention to the physical and
mental development of students
C. By inculcating moral qualities
D. By cultivating habit of independent
thinking and formulating correct opinion
1649. The political parties influence the
public opinion by:
A. Propagating their own programme
B. By criticizing the government
C. By acquainting the people with
important public questions
D. By keeping direct contact with the people
1650. Public platform is a better agency of
public opinion than the press because:
A. It has direct appeal
B. It is the best way to win the support of the
educated people
C. It can influence comparatively larger
number of people
D. It has wider appeal.
1651. One of the strongest hindrances in the
way of formation of sound public opinion is:
A. Propaganda of radio, relevision and cinema
B. A dishonest and mischievous press
C. Progagands of political parties
D. Religious institutions
1652. Amongst the agencies of public
opinion the press plays an inportant role.
Press can be an effective agency of public
opinion only if:
A. It is committed to the policies of the
government
B. It is free and impartial
C. It supports the cause of the weaker sections
D. It is highly critical of government policies
1653. Legislature helps in the formation of
public opinion because:
A. It is an important organ of government
B. It has the respobsibility of enacting laws
C. It practically controls the executive
D. It consists of elected representatives of
the people
E. It focuses attention on issues public
importance
1654. Which one of the following is not a
good method for removal of hindrance on
the formation of good public opinion?
A. Press should be made free
B. Illiteracy may be removed
C. Economic inequality may be wiped out
D. Committed education should be
encouraged
E. Political activities should be encouraged
1655. Which one of the following is not a
great hindrance in the formation of sound
public opinion?
A. Disparity in wealth
B. Right to leisure
C. Lethargy of the people
D. Illiteracy
1656. For the formation of sound public
opinion it is essential that:
A. The government should be coalition one
B. The government should be non-aligned
135
C. The government should bot control mass
media
D. There should be single party system
E. The women should have right to vote
1657. Which one of the following is not true
about political parties in the formation of
public opinion?
A. These help in maintaining link between
the people and the representatives
B. These provide political education to
common man
C. These focus attention of the people on
international political issues
D. These highlight failings and faltering of
each other
E. None of the above
1658. The legislature in a democratic
country can influence public opinion by:
A. Enacting laws
B. By prescribing the duties of citizens
C. By granting rights
D. By focusing public attention on various
problems facing the country during the
course of parliamentary debates
1659. The hindrances in the way of
formulation of sound public opinion are
given below. Which one of them is not
correct?
A. Unscrupulous press
B. Superstition and conservatism
C. Absence of civil liberties
D. Educational institutions
1660. Which one of the following has been
wrongly listed as an agency of public
opinion?
A. The Press
B. Eeducational Institutions
C. Political Parties
D. None of the above
1661. “Public opinion is commonly used to
denote the aggregate of the views men held
regarding matters that affect or interest the
community”. Who made the above
statement?
A. Bryce
B. Barker
C. Garner
D. Graham Wallas
1662. In a democratic government, the
importance of public opinion is wry great.
Democracy becomes real only when there is
strong and effective public opinion. Which
one of the following statements is relevant
regarding the meaning of public opinion?
A. Public opinion is necessarily majority
opinion
B. Public opinion is the opinion of all the
people of the society
C. Public opinion is opposed to common good
D. Public opinion is the reasoned and
conscious opinion of the dominant action of
community based on the ideal of general
welfare and common-good
1663. In which of the following countries
‘opinion polls’ are extensively used to know
the public opinion on current issues?
A. U.S.A.
B. U.S.S.R.
C. India
D. All the above
1664. George Hoarace Gallup, who invented
the method of Gallup Poll, hailed from :
A. Britain
B. Germany
C. Sweden
D. U.S.A.
1665. Who defined public opinion as the
aggregate of the view men hold regarding
matters that affect or interest the
community?
A. J.S. Mill
B. Roucek
C. Lord Bryce
D. Laski
1666. The terms press includes:
A. Newspapers only
B. Weekly and monthly periodicals only
C. Newspapers, weeklies, monthlies and
other published material
D. None of the above
1667. Freedom of press includes:
A. Right to print and publish news and
views
B. To distribute or circulate the printed matters
C. To comment on public affairs and criticize
public men and measures
D. All the above
1668. On which of the following grounds
government in India cannot restrict
136
freedom of speech?
A. When security of state is in danger
B. When stability of Government is in
danger
C. When public order is likely to be disturbed
D. When relations with foreign Government
are likely to be spoiled
1669. The right to freedom of speech and
expression:
A. Does not include freedom of press
B. Includes freedom of press
C. Includes freedom of press only in certain
respects
D. None of the above
1670. Which one of the followings does not
fall under the freedom of press?
A. Right to print public news and views
B. Right to gather news
C. Freedom not to publish any news, article,
correspondence or other matter
D. None of the above
1671. Which one of the following does not
fall under the purview of freedom of speech
and expression?
A. Freedom of propagation of ideas
B. Freedom of circulation one’s ideas
C. Freedom of publish one’s ideas
D. None of the above
1672. The Soviet Constitution of 1936 did
not grant freedom of speech to:
A. Women
B. Enemies of socialism
C. Proletariat
D. All the above three categories of persons
1673. Which one of the following
Constitutions does not grant right to
freedom of speech?
A. Swiss Constitution of 1874
B. USSR Constitution of 1936
C. Japanese Constitution of 1946
D. None of the above
1674. Freedom of speech is a feature of:
____________?
A. Democratic Constitutions
B. Totalitarian Constitutions
C. Democratic as well as totalitarian
constitutions
D. None of the above
1675. Which one of the following is not the
function of a good and free press?
A. To create healthy public opinion
B. To promote cultural heritage
C. To help in the eradication of social evils
D. To encourgae communal disharmony
E. To give an idean of achievements of nation
1676. On which of the following ground
freedom of speech in a parliamentary
democracy can reasonably be restricted?
A. When people begin to vehemently criticise
the government
B. When the right endangers well established
social norms
C. When the right endangers well
established social norms
D. When foreign governments do not like
criticism
E. When the majority does not want driticism
1677. In Pakistan the people have been
given freedom of speech because:
A. It is provided in the constitution as a
fundamental right
B. The government of the day will it
C. The people are vigilant
D. The opposition is strong and well organised
Read More Details about this Mcq
1678. It is usually believed about freedom of
speech that:
A. There should be no restriction on it
B. There should be some reasonable
restrictions on it
C. There should be absolute freedom
D. It should be left to the decision of the
executive head
1679. Which one of the following is true
about freedom of speech in Pakistan?
A. It has been given to the people by the
President
B. It has been forcibly obtained by the
opposition
C. For it the people had to put in hard struggle
D. It has been provided in the constitution
E. None of the above
1680. Which of the following is no a
reasonable restriction on the freedom of
speech?
A. It should not defame the nation
B. It should not criticise the government
bluntly
C. It should not disturb peace
137
D. It should not instigate communal feelings
1681. Of a good press it is expected that:
A. It should give the viewpoint of the
government only
B. It should focus opposition viewpoint only
C. It should devote attention both to the
government and opposition viewpoint
D. It should prefer government viewpoint over
opposition
E. It should prefer opposition viewpoint over
government
1682. A free press is one which:
A. Spreads communal hatred
B. Propagate violence
C. Sides with the elites
D. Sides with educated
E. Gives an impartial account of events
1683. In the constitution of Pakistan
freedom of press exists because:
A. The government are highly educated
B. Propagate violence
C. The people are highly educated
D. It is implied in the right of expression
E. Managements of the press are keen to have
that
1684. Importance of free press all over the
world has increased because:
A. The Governments want to give it to the
people
B. The Governments have now no means to
restrict this freedom
C. The people are awakening everywhere
D. There is keen competition in the press
industry
1685. Which of the following is not covered
under the freedom of press?
A. Expression of views of the opposition
B. Publication of the views of the intelligentsia
C. Publication of letters to the editor
D. Commenting on the views of political
leadership
E. Suppression of the views of the
opposition
1686. Of a good free press it is expected that
it should:
A. Lay more stress on national rather than
international events
B. Give fair picture of national progress
C. Focus attention on failures of the
government
D. Draw attention only on the achievements of
the government
E. None of the above
1687. In a parliamentary democracy good
press is expected to:
A. Build healthy public opinion
B. Cash on sensational news
C. Be motivated by profit motives
D. Seek directions of the ruling party
1688. Who of the following is usually denied
freedom of speech?
A. The working labourers
B. Unemployed youth
C. Peasants and agriculturists
D. Skilled technocrats
E. People of the armed forces
1689The importance of the press has
increased in recent years due to:
__________?
A. Spread of education
B. Invention of printing machines
C. Manufacture of paper in large quantity
D. Introduction of quick means of
transportation
1690. Which one of the following function is
not performed by the press?
A. It provides ready-made opinion to the
people
B. It helps the government in knowing public
mind
C. It helps the government in preparation of
electoral lists
D. It acquaints the people with the various
problems facing the country
1691. The political parties are generally
formed on the basis of: __________?
A. Common interests
B. Common economic and political
principles
C. Common group interests
D. All the above
1692. Political parties render great service
to the poor people by: __________?
A. Taking up their cause with the government
B. Providing free legal assistance to needy
persons
C. Providing them necessary funds to
contest elections
138
D. All the above measures
1693. Who described political parties as
‘power behind the throne’?
A. MacIver
B. Lord Bryce
C. Burke
D. Herman Finer
1694. The political parties impart to the
citizens:
A. Political education
B. Political as well as legal education
C. Political as well as general education
D. No education
1695. The pressure groups are:
A. Political organisations
B. Economic organisation
C. Organisations of universal character
D. Moral organisations
1696. The pressure groups try to promote
the interests of their members by exerting
pressure on:
A. The legislature
B. The executive
C. The judiciary
D. All the above
1697. Which one of the following feature of
pressure groups has been wrongly listed?
A. The pressure groups try to promote the
interests of its members
B. The pressure groups can be both
temporary as well as permanent
C. The pressure groups generally do not have
any poliitical alignment
D. None of the above
1698. A pressure group is: ___________?
A. A group formed to protect the interests of
members of a group by contesting elections
B. A group of people which tries to capture
power with the help of money
C. A group of people with common
objectives, which tries to promote the
interests of its members by influencing the
government policies
D. A military group, which comes to the
assistance of the state when the police force is
unable to maintain law and order
1699. “Parties are inevitable. No free
country has been without them”. The above
statement was made by: A. Violent methods
A. Herman Finel B. Persuasive methods
B. Lord Bryce C. Agitational methods
C. Harold J.Laski D. All the above methods
D. Mather
1707. “Where political parties are weak in
1700. One of the major defects of pressure principle and organisation, the pressure
groups is: _________? groups will flourish; where political parties
A. They exercise undue pressure on the are strong, pressure groups will be curbed”.
government with the help of majority at their Who made the above observation?
disposal A. Barker
B. They try to promote the interests of their B. Bryce
membes at the cost of the common people C. Herman Finer
C. They try to influence the public opinion D. Harold Laski
D. They interfere in the formulation of
government policy 1708. Who describes the Pressure groups as
the Third House of the Legislature?
1701. A political party serves as important A. Bryce
link between the legislature and: B. Finer
_________? C. G.D.H. Code
A. The people D. A.V.Dicey
B. The voters
C. Executive 1709. Pressure groups first of all originated
D. Judiciary in: _________?
A. Switzerland
1702. Political Parties are indispensable for B. Britain
the successful working of: ________? C. U.S.A
A. Democracy D. France
B. Dictatorship 1710.Pressure groups first of all originated
C. Both democracy and dictatorship in: _________?
D. None of the above A. Switzerland
B. Britain
1703. Which one of the following countries C. U.S.S.R.
is associated with the Spoils System? D. U.S.A.
A. Britain 1711. The function of associational pressure
B. France groups is to: __________?
C. U.S.A A. Articulate the demands
D. All the above B. Aggregate the demands
C. Regulate the demands
1704. In which of the following countries D. Communicate the demands
two party system first of all originated?
A. Greece 1712. nterest groups are found:
B. Britain A. Only in democratic countries
C. U.S.A B. In capitalist society
D. U.S.S.R C. Only in totalitarian countries
D. In all countries
1705. The officially recognised party of
Soviet Union is known as: __________? 1713. One of the basic features of interest
A. The Socialist Party groups is: __________?
B. The Bolshevik Party A. To promote national interest
C. The Communist Party B. To promote interest of its members
D. The Revolutionary Party C. It has close alignment with politics
D. They are found only in communist
1706. The Pressure groups try to achieve countries
their objectives through:

139
1714. Interest groups are:
A. Purely political organisations
B. Purely military organisations
C. Purely economic organisations
D. Of universal character and include
groups like business, labour, farm co-
operatives, church, other professional
groups, etc.
1715. Pressure groups differ from political
parties in so far as: _________?
A. They contest elections
B. They have large membership
C. They pursue broader objectives
D. Their field of operation is very limited
1716. All pressure groups are: _________?
A. Temporary
B. Parmenent
C. Some are temporary while others are
permanent
D. Formed for a fixed term
1717. Which one of the functions of the
pressure groups given below has been
wrongly listed?
A. Pressure groups influence enactment of
laws
B. Pressure groups help the administrative
departments in the formulation of policy
C. Pressure groups provide funds to its
members to contest elections
D. Pressure groups play an important role in
bringing about political, social and economic
reforms
1718. One-party system means:
A. There is one dominant party, while the
other parties occupy an insignificant position
B. There may be number of political parties
but the government is formed by only one
party viz., the party securing maximum of
votes
C. There is only one political party and no
other political party is permitted to come
into existence
D. None of the above things
1719. One of the outstanding characteristics
of one-party system is that:
A. The people can easily influence the political
decisions
B. Large number of people can be admitted
as its members
C. Elections are free
140
D. Members have to abide by iron discipline
of the party
1720. One-Party system is generally found
in: __________?
A. Democratic countries
B. Countries with monarchy
C. Totalitarian states
D. Can exist in any country
1721. Under a single party system the
membership is: __________?
A. Open to all citizens
B. Given only to trusted workers
C. Compulsory for an
D. Given on hereditary basis
1722. Political parties are generally formed
on the basis of: __________?
A. Religious principles
B. Common interests
C. Economic and political principles
D. Caste
1723. A totalitarian state has generally:
A. Single party system
B. A bi-party system
C. A multi-party system
D. No political parties
1724. Interest group means:
A. A small group within a party which fights
for the interests of members, of its own
category
B. Any small group, which contests elections,
with the sale objective of protecting Interestsof
Its members
C. A group of people who with the help of
money try to secure control overgovernment
D. A group of people with common
objectives which tries to influence the
1725. Who believed that a ‘political party
consists of a group of citizens more or less
organised who act as a political unit’:
A. Gettell
B. Finer
C. Garner
D. Ebenstein
E. Gilchrist
1726. One great advantage of political party
is that:
A. It unites the nation
B. It does not offer opportunity to demagogues
C. Helps in getting the grievances of the
people redressed
D. It does not promote vested interests
1727. The system under which there is only
one effective political party in the country
which controls political life is called:
A. Multi-party
B. Bi-party system
C. Single party system
D. None of these
1728. In bi-party system chances are that:
A. Cabinet might become dictator
B. There may be wider choice of candidates
C. Vested interests will not get promoted
D. Majority party might feel submissive and
adjusting
1729. Mussolini during the heights of his
glory liked:
A. Multi-party system
B. Bi-party system
C. Single arty system
D. No party system
1734. Which one of the following is not the
characteristic of political party system?
A. Its members should have common
programme
B. Its members should obey discipline
C. Its members should follow common line of
action
D. Its members should keep party above
nation
1735. U.S.A. is known for: __________?
A. Bi-party system
B. Single party system
C. Multi-party system
D. No party system
1736. In our times a political party means:
A. People have common opinion
B. People who have united for achieving
political ends
C. People who have joined because they
have common opinion
D. People who have different political
viewpoints

1730. In a single party system membership: 1737. England is known for: _______?
A. Is open to all A. Multi-party system
B. Can be easily obtained B. No party system
C. Is given to only few trusted and C. Bi-party system
dependable workers D. Single party system
D. Importance of legislature considerably
increases 1738. In Pakistan we have:
________________
1731. In single party system the organ of A. Multi-party system
Government whose importance increases is: B. Single party system
A. Executive C. Bi-party system
B. Judiciary D. No party system
C. Legislature
D. Tribunals 1739. Which one of the following is not a
feature of pressure group?
1732. Government in a single party is A. It tries to influence from outside
usually: B. Its membership is large
A. Democratic C. It actively joins political parties
B. Bureaucratic D. Its members can join any number of groups
C. Aristocratic
D. Totalitarian 1740. Which one of the following is not true
about pressure group?
1733. Which one of the following is not true A. It has no political programme
about political parties? B. It does no aim at capturing power
A. These help in the spread of education C. It exerts pressure on executive
B. These try to capture power D. It tries to have formal control over the
C. These help in the formation of public government
opinion E. It tries to use persuasive methods
D. These spread moral education

141
1741. Which of the following is not a
method used by the pressure group for
achieving its objectives?
A. It finances political parties
B. It organises demonstrations
C. It clearly aligns with a political party
D. It tries to influence policy makers
1742. After independence in India each
political party is:
A. Trying to use students to its advantage
B. Trying to keep students away from politics
C. Ignoring the students and adopting
indifferent attitude
D. Leaving the students to its own care
1743. A political party is a “body of men,
united for the purpose of promoting, by the
purpose of promoting, by their joint
endeavours, the public interest upon. Some
principles on which they are agreed”. Who
said this?
A. Karl Marx
B. MacIver
C. Burke
D. Gettel
E. Laski
1744. Which one of the following is not true
about pressure group?
A. Its membership is narrower
B. Member of one pressure group cannot
become that of the other
C. Group does not contest elections
D. Group tries to create bolly in its favour
E. It acts from behind
1745. A trade union can be placed under the
category of pressure group:
A. Caste
B. Religion
C. Region
D. Special
E. Language
1746. The main political parties in England
are: _________?
A. Democratic and Republic
B. Conservative and Labour
C. Liberal and Communist
D. Liberal Socialists and Radical Socialists
1747. The main political parties in U.S.A.
are:
A. Conservative and Labour
142
B. Social Democrats and Liberal Democrats
C. Democratic and Liberal
D. None of these
1748. In U.S.S.R. there is:
A. One party system
B. Two party system
C. Multi-party system
D. Plural party system
1749. Which one fo the following is not one
of the methods used by pressure groups for
achieving their objectives?
A. They finance political parties
B. They sponsor their favourite candidates at
the time of elections
C. They develop cantacts with legislators
D. They avoid going near the centre of
authority
1750. Which of the following is not an
element of political party?
A. An organised group of persons
B. Fedility to certain common principles
C. A common programme
D. Acommon religion
E. None of these
1751. Which of the following is not one of
the functions of the political party?
A. To create public opinion
B. To capture political power
C. To implement its policies
D. To criticise government
E. To promote spiritualism and morality
1752. Which of the following is not true
about pressure group?
A. Its objects are limited
B. Its membership is limited
C. It can use both constitutional and
unconstitutional means
D. It can be organised
E. It tries to capture political power
1753. Political parties are:
A. Essential for democracy
B. Not essential for democracy
C. Essential for totalitarian government
D. Not essential either for democracy or
totalitarian government
1754. Which one of the following features of
a political party has been wrongly listed?
A. Political party is a voluntary association
B. Members of political parties hold identical
views on basic political, economic and other
matters
C. Political parties aim at capturing power
through any method
D. Once the political party comes to power it
tries to promote national rather than sectarian
interests
1755. A reactionary political party is one
which:
A. Clings to the old institutions
B. Wants to abolish the present institutions and
establish absolutely new institutions in their
place
C. Believes in reforming the old institutions
and retaining them
D. Believesin conserving the present
institutions as they are
1756. A conservative party believes in:
A. Conserving the old institutions
B. Conserving the status quo
C. Reforming the present institutions
D. Establishing new institutions in place of
present ones
1757. A liberal party believes in:
A. Retaining the present institutions
B. Retaining the present institutions by new
and radical institutions
C. Making reforms in the existing
institutions
D. Conserving the old institutions
1758. A radical political party believes in:
A. Maintaining old institutions
B. Maintaining present institutions with
modifications
C. In doing away with the present
institutions and replacing them with new
ones
D. Bringing changes revolutionary methods
1759. A political party has been defined as
“an association organised in support of
some principles or policy which by
constitutional means endeavours to make
the determinant of government” by:
A. MacIver
B. Burke
C. Bryce
D. Machiavelli
1760. Which one of the following functions
is performed by political parties?
143
A. They render help to poor people
B. They run hospitals
C. They manage newspapers
D. They assist candidates in contesting
elections
1761. Political parties have been described
as power behind the throne by:
A. Herman Finel
B. Sabine
C. MacIver
D. Burke
1762. One of the chief merits of political
parties is: ________?
A. They promote national unity
B. They encourage the ‘spoils system’
C. They give complete freedom to members to
express their views without any fear
D. They rouse interest of people in questions
of public importance
1763. Which one of the following merits of
political parties has been wrongly listed?
A. Political parties impart political education
to people
B. Political parties eliminate nepotism and
favouritism
C. Political parties are essential for the
successful working of Cabinet system of
government
D. Political Parties check nepotism
1765. Which one of the following demerits
of political parties has been wrongly
indicated?
A. Political parties divide the people and
disrupt national unity
B. Political parties break the rigidity of the
separation of power
C. Political parties deny freedom of speech
and expression to an individual and he
becomes a mere cog in the party machinery
D. Political parties encourage political
favouritism
1765. Political parties are indispensable in:
_________?
A. A parliamentary system government
B. A presidential system of government
C. Monarchical system of government
D. Dictatorial regime
1766. Political parties are undermocratic in
so far as: ____________?
A. They try to contest elections and capture
power
B. They criticise the policies of the
government
C. They try to implement their programme
once they come into power
D. They do not permit their members to
express their views independently
1767. Political parties contribute to the
proper working of parliamentary
government by:
A. Assisting poor candidates with financer to
contest the election
B. By providing organised majority to back the
Council of minsters
C. By maintaining peace in the country
D. By educating the public about the
variour problems facing the country
1768. Spoils system’ which one of the
defects of paty system, means:
A. Giving tickets for election to party
supporters without due regard to their merit
B. Allocation of offices to the people from the
locality even though they do not deserve the
same on merit
C. Distribution of jobs to the supporters of
the party in power
D. None of the baove things
1769. Two-Party system means:
A. There are only two political parties in the
country
B. There are only two major political
parties which share power
C. There is only one political party but its
followers are divided into two parts those who
form the government and those who form
opposition
D. None of the above things
1770. Two-Party system is found in:
A. Pakistan
B. France
C. USSR
D. U.S.A
1771. Britain possesses:
A. Single-Party system
B. Bi-party System
C. Multi-Party system
D. No party system
1772. The means of the two major political
144
parties in Britain are:
A. Labour and Conservative
B. Labour and Liberal
C. Conservative and Socialists
D. Conservatives and Liberals
1773. The two major political parties of
U.S.A. are ____________?
A. Independent and Democratic
B. Republican and Democratic
C. Democratic and Socialist
D. Republican and Communist
1774. Two-Party system is better because:
A. It gives despotic powers to the Cabinet
B. It given an opportunity to the opposition
party to indulge in an irresponsible criticism of
government
C. It makes smooth changes in government
possible
D. It leads to the formation coalition
governments
1775. Multi-Party system means:
A. Government is formed by all the political
parties present in the country
B. There are number of political parties but the
government is formed by that single party
which secures largest number of seats
C. That the country has more than two
political parties which aim at capturing
power
D. There is one dominant party which keeps
the other political parties under its umbrella
1776. Multi-Party system is found in:
_________?
A. Pakistan
B. China
C. Britain
D. U.S.A.
1777. One of the chief merits of multi-party
system:
A. It leads to formation of stable governments
B. Change in government is very convenient
C. It is convenient for the voters to clect their
representatives
D. People have wider choice in the selection of
their representatives
1778. The chief defect of the multi-party
system is:
A. It leads to cabinet dictatorship
B. People have very limited choice in the
selection of their representatives
C. The opposition cannot freely criticise the
policies of the government
D. It leads to frequent constitutional crisis
1779.One-Party system is found in:
A. China
B. Switzerland
C. Britain
D. West Germany
1780. An interest group is converted into a
pressure group when it:
A. Resorts to use of military force
B. Exerts pressure on government to enact
laws in the interest of its members
C. Resort to other than constitutional methods
D. Resorts to general strike and band
1781. A person can be member of:
_________?
A. Only one pressure group at time
B. Any number of pressure groups at the
same time
C. Not more than three pressure groups at a
time
D. Either a pressure group or a political party
1782. Which one of the following countries
possesses a single-party system?
A. Britain
B. U.S.A.
C. China
D. France
1783. In which of the following countries the
pressure groups are not permitted to
function?
A. Britain
B. Switzerland
C. U.S.S.R.
D. None of the above
1784. A conservative party anywhere would
stand for:
A. Private ownership
B. Public ownership
C. Mixed economy
D. Gradual nationalisation of means of
production
1785. Which one of the following is not true
about Locke’s political views?
A. He supported constitutional government
B. He wanted limitations on state sovereignty
C. He wanted limited rights for the
individuals
145
D. He considered individual prior to state
1786. Which one was not a feature of 17th
century liberalism?
A. It laid stress on dignity of individual
B. It emphasised on rationality
C. It believed that freedom was absence of
restraints
D. It cared least for capitalists and
maximum for the welfare of common man
E. It treated state as a necessary evil
1787. Which one of the following is not an
essential element of liberalism, namely
advocacy of?
A. Rights of the individual
B. Free trade
C. The ideal of the secular state
D. Right to national self determination
E. A stateless society
1788. Positive liberalism became necessary
because of the:
A. Liberal philosophy of free trade
B. Improved conditions of the workers
C. Improved conditions of the workers
D. Change in the approach of capitalists
towards workers
1789. Which one of the following is
incorrect about liberalism?
A. It advocates individual liberty
B. It stands for equality among citizens
C. It is champion of democracy
D. It upholds seculatism
E. It wants abolition of private property
1790. Who of the following has said,
“liberalism is the theory and practice of an
individual liberty, political
A. MacGovern
B. Schumpeter
C. Sartori
D. Robert A. Dahl
E. None of the above
1791. As a liberal Bentham did not stand
for one of the following, pick that up:
A. He wanted the greatest happiness of the
greatest number of people
B. He stood for legal reforms
C. He wanted status quo in educational
system
D. He wanted changes in the electoral system
1792. Who of the following is not an reaction against certain factors. Which one
advocate of liberal philosophy? of these was not responsible for it?
A. T.H. Green A. Feudalism
B. J.S. Mill B. Church
C. Bentham C. Absolutism of the king
D. Locke D. Deteriorating social system
E. Karl Marx
1799. Who of the following is often
1793. Which one of the following is not a described as the father of liberal political
valid criticism against liberal philosophy? philosophy?
A. It is a fluid philosophy A. Hobbes
B. Its thinkers have divergent views B. Locke
C. It is essentially a capitalist philosopy C. Rousseau
D. It is basically philosophy of working D. Thomas Paine
classes
E. It wants changes through peaceful means 1800. Positive liberalism developed by the
which is not possible end of: ______________?
A. 17th century
1794. Liberalism originated from word B. 18th century
‘liberalis’ which belongs to language: C. 19th century
A. English D. 20th century
B. German
C. Roman 1801. Who of the following is not associated
D. French with the limiting of the functions of the state
E. Latin on economic basis?
A. Adam Smith
1795. Which one of the following is not true B. Bentham
about liberalism: C. J.S. Mill
A. It is opposed to artificial pressures on D. Marx
freedom
B. It stands for free trade these days 1802. State Socialists believe that changes in
C. It wants limited state activities the present institution of state can be
D. It favours separation of powers brought about effectively with the help of:
A. Revolution
1796. Who of the following has defined B. Church
liberalism by saying, “Liberalism as a C. Elites of society
political creed is a compound of two D. Spread of education propaganda
separate elements? One of these is
democracy and the other individualism”. 1803. According to State Socialists:
A. MacGovern A. It is the responsibility of the state to give
B. Sartori social justice
C. Laski B. State has nothing to do with social justice
D. Karl Marx C. Concept of social justice is absured
E. Robert A.Dahl D. Social justice should be the respobsibility
of organised associations
1797. Which one of the following is not true
about liberalism? 1804. According to State Socialists
A. It has faith in world peace education Should be :_______________?
B. It has faith in the philosophy of live and let A. given to the elite of the society
live B. costly
C. It has faith in constitutional Government C. given to those who can afford
D. It has no faith in pluralistic society D. left to the care of voluntary bodies
E. It has no faith in totalitariansim E. given to those who have aptitude for this

1798. In 16th century liberalism arose as a 1805. Which one of the following is not

146
correct views of C.E.M. Joad about
Democratic Socialism?
A. It was a social theory
B. It was political philosophy
C. It was political viewpoint
D. It was set of economic principles
E. It was a vague philosophy
1806. Which of the following is not true
about ‘Joad’s views about Democratic
Socialism?
A. They believe in Central State
B. They believe that state will work for
collective welfare
C. They believe in non-bureaucratic state
D. They imagine state will protect the interests
of the governed
1807. Which one of the following is not true
about democratic socialism?
A. Inequalities in wealth should be reduced
B. Free way of life to every one should be
allowed
C. Civil rights should be guaranteed
D. No political rights should be allowed
1808. The Democratic Socialists favour:
A. Only political democracy
B. Only social democracy
C. Only economic democracy
D. Social, economic and political democracy
1809. Fabians believed that for social
welfare it was essential that means of
production should be in the hands of:
A. Consumers
B. Producers
C. Capitalists
D. Workers
E. Society as a whole
1810. According to Fabians the value of a
commodity always depended on:
A. Capital investment in production
B. Land and capital needed in production
C. Labour of the labourers put in it
D. Extent to which society created its value
1811. According to Fabians private
property should:
A. Remain in the hands of capitalists
B. Remain with the churches
C. Remain with the sovereign
D. Be transferred from individual to society
147
1812. Fabian Socialists believe that profits:
A. Were earned by individuals and should be
kept with them
B. Should be used for the welfare of
individuals
C. Should be used for social welfare
D. Should never be earned
1813. The Communist Manifesto describes
the state as:
A. An executive committee of the workers
B. An executive committee of elites
C. An executive committee of the bourgeois
D. An executive committee of various sections
of society
1814. Which one of the following has been
wrongly listed as a merit of socialism?
A. It tried to promote the welfare of the entire
community
B. It ensures liberty as well as equality
C. It ensures real democracy
D. None of the above
1815. Which one of the following statements
has been wrongly attributed to Marx?
A. State is the executive committee of the
bourgeoisie
B. The state uses force for the protection
and promotion of interests of the poor
people
C. The state uses force for the protection and
promotion of the interests of the ruling class
D. All the phenomena of human society have
their irigin in material conditions of life
1816. Which one of the following ideas was
borrowed by Marx from Machiavelli?
A. Theory of class struggle
B. Dictatorship of proletariat
C. Theory of surplus value
D. None of the above
1817. The two persons who exercised
maximum influence on Marx were:
A. Machiavelli and Hegel
B. Fishte and Laski
C. Hegel and Feurbach
D. Rousseau and Machiavelli
1818. Which one of the following four stages
of historical evolution, as given by Marx,
has been wrongly listed?
A. Primitive communism
B. Slave system
C. Capitalism system
D. Aeo-colonialism
1819. Which one of the following has been
wrongly listed as a contribution of
Marxism?
A. It provides a social system with a definite
purpose and a clear programme
B. It emphasises the inadequacy of the present
social organisation
C. It lays emphasis on bringing about
changes in the present system through
peaceful and constitutional methods
D. It aims at the welfare of the proletariat
1820. Which one of the following criticism
against Marxism has been wrongly listed?
A. It attaches too much importance to the
religious factor in the interpretation of
history
B. It attaches too much importance to the
materialistic factor in interpretation of history
C. It wrongly asserts that the value of goods is
determined by labour alone
D. It wrongly considers the state as an
instrument of oppression
1821. Communism believes in bringing
about changes through:
A. Peaceful and constitutional methods
B. Change of heart and mind
C. Revolutionary methods
D. Combination of peaceful and revolutionary
methods according to the requirements of the
situation
1822. Marx held that in the Communist
Society the:
A. Bourgeois will dominate the proletariat
B. The proletariat will dominate the bourgeois
C. The spheres of the bourgeois and proletariat
will be clearly demarcated and none will
dominate the other
D. Distinction between bourgeois and
proletariat shall not exist
1823. Marxists aim at capturing power:
A. Through elections
B. Through strikes
C. By killing the bourgeoisie class
D. Through guilds of workers
1824. Under the dictatorship of proletariat:
A. There shall be least interference in the
economic sphere by the state
148
B. The means of production and distribution
shall be used for the benefit of working classes
C. The means of production whall be used
for social good
D. None of the above.
1825. According to Marx during the
dictatorship of proletariat:
A. The state shall be used to safeguard interest
of the capitalist
B. The state should be used to safeguard the
interests of the working classes
C. The states whall try to bring about
reconciliation between the Capitalists and
working classes
D. The state shall not exist
1826. Marx has given numerous causes
which will lead to the overthrow of
capitalism. Some of the causes are given
below. However one of the causes listed is
not
A. Capitalism concentrates large
B. Capitalism reduces the purchasing capacity
of workers by paying them lowest wages
C. Capitalism concentrates the capital in the
hands of fewer persons and pushes the smaller
capitalists in the rank of working classes
D. Capitalism frees the workers from
economic worries and thus makes it possible
for them to wage a strong struggle against
capitalism
1827. According to Marx a revolution in the
Capitalist society takes place:
A. Due to foreign interference
B. Due to increasing importance of political
elites
C. Due to growing antagonism between the
haves and have-notes
D. Because of dissatisfaction of the educated
people with the system
1828. Marxian Socialists are in favour of:
___________?
A. Abolishing capitalism
B. Reforming capitalism
C. Retaining capitalism as it is
D. None of the above
1829. Marx’s theory of surplus value holds
that:
A. Labour must be paid minimum wages
irrespective of the quantum of goods produced
and the profit be passed on to the state
B. The labourers be paid fixed salary and all A. The course of history remains unchanged
the profits earned should be used for social B. The course of history is determined by the
good leaders of society
C. There is difference between what a C. The course of history is determined by the
labourer produces and what he is paid. This conscience of men
difference is known as surplus value and is D. The course of history is determined by
pocketed by the capitalists. the mode of production
D. None of the above
1837. The Marxists believe that the political
1830. According to Marx the value of a power is generally used for:
good is determined by: A. Common good
A. Labour B. Good of the society as a whole
B. Land C. Promotion of the interests of the
C. Capital economically dominant classes
D. Combination of all the above factors D. Promotion of the interests of the
economically backward classes
1831. According to Marx:
A. Matter is more important than spirit 1838. According of Marx the society
B. Spirit is more important than matter broadly consists of:
C. Spirit and matter are equally important
D. None of the above A. Two classes
B. A number of classes arranged in
1832. Which of the following isnot true hierarchical order
about Fabin Socialists? C. Only one class
A. They agree with Marx that history of D. Four classes
hitherto existing struggle is class struggle
B. Working class is not a separate class from 1839. Dialectical Materialism of Marx
society means:
C. Capitalism is not an evil A. History is the creation of materialistic
D. Democracy can help in solving present day forces
many problems B. History is the creation of spiritual forces
C. History is the creation of religion and force
1833. Democratic Socialisms is also known events
as: D. History is created as result of clash of
A. Fabian Socialism contrary material forces
B. Evolutionary Socialism
C. State Socialism 1840. The Marxists believe that capitalism
D. Syndicalism of Hegel contributes to its own destruction:
E. None of these A. By paying lowest wages to workers and
reducing their purchasing capacity
1834. Who is considered as the founder of B. Nby not permitting the workers any
Marxian Socialism? C. By bringing more people from lower
A. Marx classes in its own ranks
B. Lenin D. By large scale production and making the
C. Stalin working classes economically
D. Laski
1841. In England chief exponent of theory
1835. Marx belonged to: _____________? of State socialism was:
A. Germany A. G.B. Shah
B. Holland B. Bentham
C. France C. Mill. J.S.
D. Britain D. T.H. Green
1836. Marx’s principle of ‘materialistic E. James Mill
conception of history’ is based on the
assumption that: 1842. The State Socialists believe that:

149
A. Capitalism should be abolished
B. Capitalism is promoting social welfare
C. Capitalism is promoting international trade
D. Capitalism is moral strength of a nation
1843. State Socialists feel that present
system of distribution is:
A. Ideal
B. Most Rotten
C. Unjustified as it concentrates wealth in the
hands of few persons alone
D. None of These
1844. Which one of the following is not true
about Bernstein’s views about capitalist
society?
A. It is based on exploitation
B. It has encouraged production of costly
goods
C. It is antagonistic of state
D. It does not allow full payment of wages to
workers
1845. Bernstein had some ideas about
proletariat rule. Which one of the following
is not correct?
A. It could not solve existing problems
B. It could solve existing problems
C. It could solve only some of the problems
D. None of the above
1846. Which of the following is not true
about Jean Jaures views about capitalism?
A. It was decreasing
B. It was main g the rich richer and the poor,
poorer
C. It was sowing the seeds of its destruction
D. It has helped increase small business
1847. Pick up which of the following is not
true about Jean Jaures?
A. He did not favour the idean of revolution
B. Revolution should be brought at the
earliest
C. He suggested workers to follow democratic
ideas
D. The proletariat will get the support of small
business in their struggle against capitalists
1848. Which one of the following is not true
about Jean Jaures philosophy?
A. State could help in achieving objects of
socialism
B. Socialism and democracy were opposed
to each other
150
C. Socialism and democracy were
complementary to each other
D. Democratic institutions should be preserved
1849. Democratic Socialists believed that
the:
A. State was a necessary evil
B. State was a welfare agency
C. State stood to promote common good
D. State helped in intellectual development
1850. State socialists believe that the State
should be:
A. Given maximum functions
B. Assigned minimum functions
C. Given only compulsory functions
D. Given the responsibility of defending the
people and removing hindrances
1851. State Socialists believe that present
parliamentary institutions:
A. have failed in promoting the interests of the
people
B. Are delivering goods and should be
strengthened
C. Should be abolished
D. Are instruments of exploitation
E. Have lost the confidence of the masses
1852. The members of the Fabian Society
had:
A. Close contacts with the working classes
B. Were the people who belonged the poor
middle class
C. Were very rich capitalists
D. Were holding high political positions in the
Government
E. Were highly intellectual people
1853. The Fabians believe that changes can
come in the society:
A. With the help of parliamentary
institutions
B. With violent revolution
C. When capitalists will end
D. When new proletariat dominant society will
come into being
E. When whole present economic system will
be dislocated
1854. The Fabians were of the view that the
value of a commidity:
A. Was decided by the labour involved
B. Was determined by capital invested
C. Was decided by socially useful labour put
in that
D. Was decided by the society
1855. Unearned increments in values
according to Fabians were due to:
A. Ever increasing population
B. Changing fashion
C. Increased demands by the capitalists
D. Non-availability of technical labour
E. Shortage in transportation from one to the
other place
1856. The profit, according to Fabians,
should be:
A. Retained by the capitalists
B. Distributed among all the workers
C. Distributed among all traders
D. Located in trade unions for workers’
welfare
E. Used for the welfare of the society
1857. Which one of the following is not true
about Fabian Socialists?
A. They believed in democratic system
B. They championed the cause of all sections
of society
C. They stood for revolutionary means
D. They stood for secularism
E. They pleaded for spread of education
1858. Which one of the following is not true
about the objectives of Fabians?
A. They condemned violence
B. G.B. Shah
C. J.S. Mill
D. Karl Marx
E. Brenstein
1859. According to Fabians existing struggle
is between the:
A. The rich and the poor
B. The employers and employees
C. The poor and middle classes
D. Community and the capitalists
1860. In their philosophy the Fabians have
laid maximum stress on:
A. Working classes
B. Middle classes
C. Bureaucracy
D. Political elite
1861. Which one of the following statements
is correct about socialism?
151
A. I leads to concentratior of wealth
B. It favours establishment of private
enterprises
C. It wants to establish just and equitable
society
D. It gives more importance to individual
1862. Which one of the following is not true
about Sidney Webb?
A. Revolution was no solution to problems
B. History demonstrated progress of
democracy
C. Revolution was likely to being social
upheavals
D. Changes could come only with the help
of revolution
E. State was instrument of exploitation
1863. Which one of the following is not true
about Sydney Webb?
A. State was respobsible for exploitation of
the poor
B. State did not side with one class
C. State was useful for bringing far reaching
changes
D. State should be used for collective welfare
1864. Voraus Setznugen de-Socialismus’
was written by: ___________?
A. Syden Webb
B. MacIver
C. Robert Owen
D. Edward Bernstein
1865. Which one of the following is not true
about workers in Bernstein’s philosophy?
A. They have no fatherland
B. They have share in the making of their
Governments
C. They can participate in development of
national wealth
D. They have a fatherland
1866. Jean Jaures, a Revisionist Socialist
was:
A. German
B. Italian
C. Russian
D. French
E. British
1867. Which one of the following is not true
about Jean Jaures views?
A. The workers were not economically sinking
B. It the revolution workers will not be better
of
C. Class conflict was a reality
D. Even after proletariat revolution class
conflict will continue
1868. Point out which one of the following is
not true about Jean Jaures?
A. Revolution was justified in the absence of
democracy
B. General strike should be first step towards
revolution
C. It was not correct that present state assisted
the capitalists only
D. That the state should immediately be
overthrown
1869. Jean Jaures: _________________?
A. Favoured Marxian philosophy
B. Opposed Marxian philosophy
C. Tried to reconcile Marxian views with his
own views
D. Tried to twist Marxian philosophy to suit
his own views
1870. According to State Socialists state?
A. Is an evil to be ended immediately
B. It is necessary evil
C. It should be happily tolerated
D. It is a positive good
1871. According to State Socialists all
changes in the existing order should be
brought about:
A. With the use of force
B. Violence should be used when necessary
C. By terrorism
D. By creating law and order problems
E. With the help of parliamentary
institutions
1872. State Socialists believe that industries:
A. Should be left to the care of the private
individuals
B. Should be nationalised
C. Only big industries be kept in the hands of
individuals
D. Only big industries should be under the
care of the state
E. Should remain with individuals but be
liberally financed
1873. As regards bureaucrats, State
Socialists believe that:
A. They should be given vast powers
B. They should be given no powers
C. Bureaucracy is unavoidable
152
D. Bureaucrats should be trained in a spirit
that they serve as public servants
1874. Which one of the following is not an
objective of Democratic socialism?
A. Collective social interests should be
promoted
B. Free trade should be encouraged
C. Trade should be state regulated
D. There should be cooperation than
competition in society
1875. Point out which one of the following is
incorrect about democratic socialism?
A. Wealth should not be allowed to get
concentrated in few hands
B. Inequalities in wealth should be reduced
C. Progressive taxation should be checked
D. Production should eb community controlled
1876. Point out which of the following does
not apply to Democratic Socialists?
A. Private property should be encouraged
B. Private property should be distributed
among the poor
C. Private property should be abolished
D. Private property should be placed under
trusts
1877. The Fabians believed that changes in
present system can come only:
A. By revolutionary means
B. Through parliamentary system
C. Reforming the present system of production
D. By introducing radical land reforms
1878. According to Fabian Socialists
changes can be brought about:
A. With the help of propaganda
B. With the use of force
C. With the assistance of terror and coercion
D. Only by powerful people in society
1879. One of the main contribution of
Fabians to socialist philosophy is that:
A. They gave new ideas about private property
B. Original views about religion
C. Concrete proposals about use of profits
D. Turned socialist doctrines from rigidity
of flexibility
1880. One contribution of Fabians, as
compared with Marxists is: __________?
A. That they narrowed down the scope of state
activity
B. They made philosophy broad based
C. They openly criticised state
D. They championed the cause of private
property
1881. Fabian society was first started in:
__________?
A. Germany
B. France
C. U.K.
D. U.S.S.R
E. Canada
1882. According to Sidney Webb:
A. State was instrument of exploitation
B. State sided only with capitalist class
C. State could not be utilised for collective
welfare
D. State was useful instrument for society
1883. Sidney Webb believed that:
A. Revolution was only solution to many
problems
B. Revolution created problems
C. Revolution was unavoidable
D. Revolution and change must go hand in
hand
1884. The method of Democratic Socialism
is:
A. Revolution
B. General strike
C. Propaganda
D. Hatred
1885.Basic principles of Classical
Liberalism are available in ‘Liberalism’ by:
A. Gilbert Murray
B. Spinoza
C. Gallil
D. Harvey
E. Hobhouse
1886. Classical Liberals believed that:
A. Men should be governed by men
B. Men should be governed by law
C. Men should be governed by the system of
administrative law
D. There should be no rule of law
1887. According to Classical Liberals:
A. No one should be sentenced without trial
B. No property should be confiscated without
compensation
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C. Application of law could not depend on the
whims of law makers
D. Any person could be put to death
without trial
1888. Classical Liberals believed in fiscal
liberty for the:
A. Rich
B. Poor
C. Land owners
D. Middle classes
1889. From personal liberty Classical
Liberals meant individual liberty but:
A. Provision for state intervention
B. Provision for church to invade privacy
C. Spying on activities where necessary
D. Without governmental or church control
1890. Classical Liberals means that
hereditary advantages should be:
A. Brought to an end
B. Continued
C. Continued but in a limited manner
D. Continued but in a modified form
1891. According to Classical Liberals:
A. One nation had a right to exploit the other
B. Strong nations could exploit the weak ones
C. Poor nations could be exploited by the rich
D. No nation had right to exploit the other
1892. According to Classical Liberals:
A. Rights of all were equal
B. The educated should have more rights
C. More rights should be enjoyed by
propertied class
D. The rulers should have more rights than
others
1893. Modern Liberalism has been
expounded by:
A. Herbert Spencer
B. John Dewey
C. Bentham
D. C.E.M. Joad
1894. Modern Liberalism speaks for:
_____________?
A. Capitalist class
B. Working class
C. Educated class
D. Middle class
E. Mass of mankind

1895. Which one of the following is not true
about evolutionary socialism?
A. It regards individual an end
B. It stands for abolition of private property
C. It stands for democracy
D. It stands for gradual transformation of
society from capitalism to socialism
E. It believes in stateless society
1896. Which one of the following is not
correct about Fabian Socialism?
A. It believes in common ownership of means
of production
B. It believes in peaceful means
C. It believes in democracy
D. It believes in class struggle
E. None of the these
1897. Fabian Socialists derive their main
authority from:
A. France
B. England
C. Germany
D. Canada
E. Australia
1898. According to Marx state is:
___________?
A. A divine institution
B. A positive good
C. A necessary evil
D. An instrument of exploitation
1899. According to Marx, history is the
product of:
A. Material forces
B. Religious forces
C. Political forces
D. Combination of material, religious and
political forces
1900. The Marxian Socialists believed that
private property:
A. Promotes better living
B. Provides an incentive for hard work
C. Serves as an instrument of social good
D. Is an instrument of exploitation
1901. Marxian Socialism lays emphasis on:
A. Political equality
B. Social equality
C. Legal equality
D. Economic equality
1902. According to Marx the class
154
distinctions in the society are based on:
A. Religion
B. Social status
C. Family status
D. Hostile interests
1903. The dialectic materialism of Marx:
A. Was a continuation of Hegel’s dialectic
B. Was a reversal of Hegel’s dialectic
C. Had no relationship with the dialectic
D. None of the above
1904. Which one of the following statements
sums up Marx’s views about history?
A. History is nothing but a record of the wars
between the various people
B. History is nothing but a succession of
struggle between the oppressor and the
oppressed classes
C. History is a faithful record of the past
D. None of the above
1905. According to Marx the dictatorship to
proletariat, which will follow the overthrow
of capitalism will:
A. Conduct free and fair elections to elect its
own rulers
B. Stamp out the counter revolutionaries
and capitalists
C. Protect the capitalists from the wrath of the
workers
D. Give complete freedom in the economic
sphere
1906. According to Marx:
A. Religion exercises a moralising effect on
the people
B. Religion is the opium of people
C. Religion provides a sense of contentment
D. Religion creates tension amongst various
sections of society
1907. The ultimate goal of Marx was to
establish:
A. A society in which people enjoy complete
political liberty
B. A casteless society
C. A society based on religion and morality
D. A classiess society
1908. Marx held that ultimately the state
will: _______________?
A. Wither away
B. Become omnipotent
C. Come under the control of the workers
D. Come under the control of the Communist
Party
1909. Marxian Socialists lay emphasis on:
___________?
A. Personal Rights
B. Social Rights
C. Political Rights
D. Economic Rights
1910. Communism which was propounded
by Marx and Engels and modified by
subsequent philosophers believes in:
A. State ownership of all the means of
production
B. Complete freedom in the economic sphere
C. Mixed economy with only key industries
under state control
D. None of the above
1911. Who said: “Workers of the world
unit; you have nothing to lose except your
‘thains”?
A. Stalin
B. Marx
C. Mao Tse Tung
D. Lenin
1912. Marsian Socialism is also known as:
______________?
A. Scientific Socialism
B. Revolutionary Socialism
C. Evolutionary Socialism
D. Utopian Socialism
1913. Which one of the following ideas was
borrowed by Marx from Hegel?
A. Class struggle theory
B. Surplus value theory
C. Dialectical method
D. None of the above
1914. Which one according to the Socialists
is the root cause of all evils?
A. Property
B. Equality
C. Democracy
D. All the above
1915. Karl Marx believed that social change
can be brought about by: ___________?
A. Evolutionary means only
B. Revolutionary means only
C. By spread of education only
D. With the help of both evolutionary and
revolutionary methods
155
E. With the help of propaganda alone
1916. Marx suggested that before state is
finally abolished during the transitory
period:
A. Private sector should be allowed to
continue as it is
B. Private sector should be strengthened
C. There should be nationalisation of all
industries
D. There should be nationalisation of small
scale industries alone
E. There should be nationalisation of big
industries alone
1917. According to Karl Marx under the
dictatorship of the proletariat means of
production will be used for:
A. The benefit of producers
B. Social good
C. The benefit of consumers
D. The welfare of the working labourers
1918. Marx borrowed from Hegel:
A. Materialistic philosophy
B. The labour theory of value
C. The ideal of statesless society
D. Dialectical method
E. The theory of surplus value
1919. According to Marx motive force of
history is: _________?
A. God’s will
B. Great ideas
C. Great personalities
D. Forces of production
E. None of these
1920. Who of the following believed in class
struggle?
A. J.S. Mill
B. Hegel
C. T.H. Green
D. Karl Marx
1921. Which one of the following is
incorrect about Marx?
A. He advocated abolition of capitalism
B. He stood for classless society
C. He pleaded stateless society
D. He advocated abolition of religion
E. He pleaded for democracy as a means of
social transformation
1922. Marxian philosophy has been
criticised because:
A. His idea that state will wither away has
not come true
B. His ideas that workers will unite has proved
failure
C. For his philosophy that state will expand
D. For his views about capitalist system
1923. Lenin contributed to Marxism by:
A. Giving labour theory of value
B. Modifying theory of class struggle
C. Theory of surplus value
D. The principle of democratic centralism
E. None of these
1924. Marx has been criticised for his views:
A. That capital is a theft
B. Private property is source of exploitation
C. Religion is the opium of the people
D. He has prounded no guarantee for non-
working classes in his society
1925. Marxism and Anarchism differ on
their views about:
A. Capital is a theft
B. Condemnation of state
C. Classless society
D. Root causes for evils in society
E. Trade unionism.
1926. Which one of the following is not true
about Marxian Socialists?
A. They are opposed to capitalist system
B. Capitalism cannot introduce reforms
C. They lay stress on social good
D. They want system of production to meet
needs of community
E. They stress need for conflict in economic
sphere
1927. On which of the following grounds
has Marxian not been rightly criticised?
A. He has given one sided interpretation of
history
B. He has given undue place to social forces
in history
C. His theory of class struggle is untenable
D. It sacrifices individual at the cost of society
1928. According to Karl Marx societies
have all along been divided between:
A. The rich and the poor
B. The educated and the elite
C. The religious and the educated people
D. The rich and the religious people
E. The poor and the religious people
1929. According to Marxian theory
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revolutions come in the society because:
A. The capitalists so desire
B. The religious people manipulate that
C. Continuous class struggle is going on
D. Educated masses get dissatisfied
E. Foreign powers get interested in national
affairs
1930. A capitalist adds to his wealth
because:
A. The workers wish so
B. Machines installed by him produce more
C. There is difference between exchange
value of what is produced and what is paid
D. Capitalist can win the cooperation of the
workers
1931. Under the dictatorship of the
proletariat according to Karl Marx:
A. There will be all honour to mental labour
B. Mental labour will be preferred over
manual labour
C. Manual labour will be preferred over
mental labour
D. There will be no distinction between the
mental and the manual labour
1932. Which one of the following is
regarded by Gustav Rains as an important
indicator of development?
A. Growth of trade unions
B. Extent to which the social and political
institutions are reorganised
C. The growthe of bureaucracy
D. None of the above
1933. According to Karl Marx, main factor
which has been inflouncing and continues to
influence society is:
A. Social factor
B. Political factor
C. Economic factor
D. Religious factor
E. Cultural factor
1934. Who said first, ‘workers of the world
unite’:
A. Stalin
B. Lenin
C. Khrushchev
D. Karl Marx
E. Kosygin
1935. According to Marx value of the
commodity would be fixed in accordance
with:
A. Capital in vested in it
B. Machinery used for production
C. The extent of its dependence on the foreign
market
D. The extent of its demand in the foreign
market
E. The socially useful labour put in it
1936. Which of the following is not an
element of Marxism?
A. Dialectical materialism
B. Historical materialism
C. The theory of surplus value
D. The theory of class struggle
E. The view that the state is an ethical idea
1937. Which one of the following is true
about proletariat?
A. It is rule of capitalist class
B. It is government by the people
C. It means rule of educated classes
D. It means rule of the working classes
1938. According to Karl Max proletariat
revolution will be caused by:
A. Strong and centralised workers
B. Trade Unions
C. The landlords
D. Industrial owners
1939. Which one of the following is not true
about Marxian Socialism?
A. The state will be replaced by classless
society
B. They favour negative freedom for
members
C. They hold faith in planned economy
D. They are opposed to production for the sake
of profit
1940. Which one of following is not true
about socialism?
A. They do not favour individual liberty
against state
B. They assume that the state will wither away
C. The believe that the state is means to an
end
D. They believe that state has always been
siding with propertied classes
1941. The rise of Fascism in Italy was the
result of:
A. Renaissance
B. First World War
157
C. Napoleonic Wars
D. Industrial Revolution
1942. Which one of the followings was
supreme according to the Fascists?
A. The people
B. The leaders
C. The elected Parliament
D. The nation
1943. The Fascists regarded:
A. The individual as superior to nation
B. The nation as superior to the individual
C. The individual and nation as supreme
within their allotted spheres
D. views on relationship between the
individual and the nation
1944. Fascism: ________________?
A. Showed admiration for democracy
B. Condemend democracy
C. Showed complete towards democracy
D. Favoured adoption of direct democracy
1945. Which one of the following
arrangements was favoured by the Fascists?
A. Socialism
B. Guild Socialism
C. Corporativism
D. A combination of good features of all the
above systems
1946. Who said war alone brings up to its
highest tension all human energy and puts
the stamp of nobility upon the peoples who
have the courage to meet?
A. Hitler
B. Marx
C. Mussolini
D. Stalin
1947. Which one of the following points is
not common to Marxism (Communism) and
Fascism?
A. Faith in the importance of religion
B. Hatred for democracy
C. Supermacy of the leadership
D. Opposition to individual freedom
1948. Fascists were in favour of giving
authority to state:
A. In the political sphere alone
B. In the economic sphere alone
C. In the political as well as economic spheres
D. In social economic, political moral,
religious spheres etc 1956. Fascism was: ________________?
A. In favour of absolute right to private
1949. Fascism attaches more importance to: property
___________? B. Opposed to private property
A. Individual C. Silent about right to private property
B. Leader D. In favour of right to property subject to
C. Nation the condition that it does not came into
D. Party clash with the national interests

1950. Fascism held faith in: 1957. Which one of the following statements
_______________? is in keeping with the programme of the
A. International peace and order Fascists?
B. War and imperialism A. A state is the embodiment of class conflict
C. Elimination of racial discrimination B. Existence of a strong opposition is essential
D. Grant of freedom to all colonial people who far a good government
were politically fit to assume respobsibility for C. Capitalism is the best system which
self governiment primates the good of all sections of society
D. A state must expand or period
1951. Who said “My programme is action
and not talk”? 1958. Fascism was in favour of:
A. Hitler _____________?
B. Mussolini A. Individual liberty
C. Stalin B. Territorial reporsentation
D. Napoleon C. Function representation
D. representation of minorities
1952. Which one of the following is a
feature of Fascism? 1959. Fascists state is: ________________?
A. Imperialism A. A corporative state
B. Individualism B. A classless state
C. Socialism C. Lasisez faire state
D. Internationalism D. A Socialist state

1953. Which one of the following has been
wrongly listed as a feature of Fascism?
A. Single Party dictatorship
B. Intense nationalism
C. Internationalism
D. Racialism
1954. According to Fascists individuals’
liberty was possible:
A. Only under a strong state
B. Only in a democratic state
C. Only in a state where judiciary is
independent
D. Only in a state with a written constitution
1955. According to Fascists: ____________?
A. Peace was the first condition of civilization
B. Peace war the only condition for just
reghteous society
C. Peace was the first condition of
civilization
D. None of the above
1960. Which one of the defects of Fascism
given below has been wrongly listed?
A. Fascism glorifies war and violence
B. Fascism restricts individual freedom and
curbs human personality
C. Fascism, insists on cooperation between
two classes to increase national production
D. Fascism lay too much emphasis on peace
and moral transformation
1961. The Fascists were opposed to
democracy on account of various reasons.
Which one of the following reasons has been
wrongly listed?
A. Because they did not believe in the inherent
worth of man
B. Because they felt that the masses were not
competent to govern themselves
C. Because they believed in human inequality
D. Because majority consists of fools
1962. Fascism believes in bringing changes
through:

158
A. Constitutional and peaceful methods
B. Persuasion and propaganda
C. Violent methods
D. Fascism is opposed to all changes
1963. Fascism believes in:
________________?
A. Subordination of women
B. Equality of men and women
C. Equality of races
D. Internationalism
1964. Fascism differes from Communism in
so far as: _____________?
A. It holds that the state is an instrument of
exploitation
B. It considers the state a supreme reality
C. It does not held faith in totalitarian
government
D. It stands for one party rule
1965. Which one of the following is not an
element of Fascism?
A. It believes in supremacy of state
B. It believes in totalitarianism
C. It believes in authoritarianism
D. It is against imperialism
E. None of the above
1966. The Fascists have faith in:
______________?
A. Organic concept of the state
B. Atomic concept of the state
C. Mechanistic view of the state
D. Juristic approach to the state
E. None of the above
1967. In which of the following way
communists and Fascists have similar
views?
A. Both aim at abolition of capitalism
B. Both aim at abolition of state
C. Both agree on theory of class struggle
D. Both have faith in totalitarianism
1968. In Italy Fascism developed as a
reaction against:
A. Capitalism
B. Liberalism and democracy
C. Dictatorship
D. Communism
1969. The Fascists believed that Bolshevism:
A. Should be supported
B. Wasted time in dogmas
C. Was supportive of Fasciam
159
D. Was necessary for development of national
feelings
1970. Which one of the following was not
main aim of political party according to
Fascists?
A. It should help in selection of bureaucrats
B. It should propagate aim of the party
C. It should glorify leader
D. It should glorify state
E. It should develop patriotism
1971. Fascists were the supporters of:
___________?
A. Individualism
B. Guild Socialism
C. Syndicalism
D. Anarchism
E. Totalitarianism
1972. According to Fascists War:
A. Will perish a nation
B. Should be condemned
C. Was necessary for health of nation
D. Was needed for international relations
1973. Which one of the following is not true
about Fascism?
A. They are opposed to individual liberty
B. They preferred liberty over discipline
C. They stood for material efficiency
D. Ther are the believers of law and order
E. They had faith in hierarchy
1974. Pick out which one of the following is
not true about Fascism:
A. They favoured majority rule
B. They favoured violence
C. They favoured war
D. They favoured the idea of one party
E. They supported the idea of one
leadership
1975. Fascism made its appearance in:
___________?
A. Italy
B. Germany
C. U.S.S.R.
D. U.S.A.
1976. Fascism as a philosophy developed:
A. In the nineteenth century
B. In the pre-World War I period
C. In the post World War II period
D. In the inter-was period (between World
War I and World War II)
1977. The chief advocate of Fascism was :
______________?
A. Hitler 1985. In the beginning Fascists were:
B. Stalin ___________?
C. Mussolini A. Bitterly opposed by the capitalists
D. Laski B. Tolerated by the Capitalists
C. Assisted by the capitalists
1978. Fascism originated as: D. None of the above
_______________?
A. A programme of action 1986. Who used to say ‘My Programme is
B. A philosophy action and not talk’:
C. Both a philosophy and programme A. Mussolini
D. None of the above things B. Hitler
C. Karl Marx
1979. One of the major factors which D. Stalin
contributed to rise of Fascism in Italy was: E. Lenin
_________?
A. Growing power of Germany 1987. In the political field the Fascists
B. Resentment against small gains made by wanted to have: ____________?
Italy as a result of World War I A. Single party system
C. Great gains made by Italy after World War B. Bi-party system
D. Love for democratic system of government C. Multi-party system
D. None of These
1980. Fascism believed in leadership of:
____________? 1988. Who used to say “My command, may
A. One man guidance and my sense of Balance and
B. Middle classes Judgement”:
C. Political elites A. Laski
D. Working classes B. Hitler
C. Mussolini
1981. The Fascists considered: D. Stalin
A. State as more important than individual E. Napoleon
B. Individual as more important than state
C. The King as more important than state 1989. The Fascists believe that all changes
D. The reconeiliation of interest of the can be brought by: ___________?
individual and state as essential A. Peaceful means
B. Violent means
1982. According to Fascists the state is: C. Peaceful means need to bring changes
__________? D. Changes will come of their own
A. An instrument of exploitation
B. An embodiment of justice and virtue 1990. According to Fascists:
C. A class structure ______________?
D. Superfluous A. War should be condemned
B. War is an evil and should be brushed aside
1983. In the political sphere the Fascists C. War is necessary evil
stood for: ___________? D. War is a curse on society
A. Partyless government E. War is health of society
B. Single party government 1991. Fascism is critised on account of their
C. Bi-party system views about:
D. Multi-party system A. Anti-democratic views
B. Non-violence
1984. Fascism believed in: __________? C. Love for religion
A. Majority rule D. Love for human rights
B. Rule of law
C. Rule of elites 1992. Fascists and Communists differ from
D. Personal dictatorship of one man each other about their views about:

160
A. Dictatorship of working classes
B. Love for their religion
C. Love for educated class
D. None of These
1993. According to Fascists:
_________________?
A. Human equality is most desirable
B. There can be no human equality
C. Leaders have better talent than common
man
D. There is no difference between a leader and
common man
1994. The Fascists believe that:
A. All races have proud culture
B. There is no cultural inequality
C. Their culture is superior as compared
with other cultures
D. There should be no distinction on cultural
basis
1995. Which one of the following is not an
element of Fascism?
A. It is negation of democracy
B. It is negation of socialism
C. It is opposed to world peace
D. It is opposed to theory of class struggle
E. It is opposed to capitalism
1996. In which of the following respects are
Communism and Fascism similar to each
other?
A. Both believe in totalitarian state
B. Both support the cause of workers
C. Both believe in violence
D. Both ridicule democracy
1997. Fascism believed in: ___________?
A. Force
B. Peaceful changes
C. Dignity of individual
D. Socialism
1998. In the economic sphere Fascism stood
for: ____________?
A. Free trade and competition
B. State regulation of all economic activities
C. Regulation of industries by workers
D. None of the above
1999. Fascism resembles Communism
(Marxism) in so far it stands for:
____________?
A. Retention of private property
B. Internationalism
161
C. The doctrine determinism
D. A totalitarian state
2000. The main objective of the Fascists in
Italy was to transform Italy into:
____________?
A. A socialist state
B. A laissez faire state
C. A great power
D. None of the above
2001. The term ‘fascism’ is derived from the
world ‘facio’ which means: _____________?
A. A bundle of sticks
B. A bundle of rods
C. A bundle of brooms
D. None of the above
2002. Who of the following has said that,
‘underdevelopment has been the normal
state of all human societies”?
A. G.A. Almond
B. Edward A. Shills
C. Jacob Vinar
D. Jean Eatwell
E. None of these
2003. About underdevelopment it has been
said that capitalism:
A. Is always opposed to it
B. It seldom opposed to it
C. Helps maintaining status quo
D. At times it helps in development but at
times not
2004. The theory of underdevelopment
indicates inter-relationship of: __________?
A. Commerce and industry
B. Technology and trade
C. Developed and developing countries
D. Developing countries among themselves
E. Underdeveloped countries among
themselves
2005. Development means:
______________?
A. Increase in national income from one year
to another
B. Increase in real per capita income over
an extended period of time
C. Increase in real investment over a period of
time
D. The national income should keep pace with
the increase in population
2006. A short term development: 2013. “If political leadership fails to emerge,
A. Does not constitute development there is likelihood of military taking over
B. Constitutes development provided there is power in developing countries. Radical
steep rise in the living standard student groups or labour may try to raise
C. Is development if there is increase in revolution but they are not likely to
aggregate output compete with the military. Military
D. None of the above intervention, rule and withdrawal from
politics is clearly related to a society’s level
2007. Population contributes development of political development.” In the context of
by ___________? Political Development the assumption in the
A. Providing labour force above passage is that:
B. Consuming the products A. Political leadership is not an effective
C. Neither of the above instrument
D. Providing labour force as well as B. Military intervention is inevitable for
consuming products development
C. National integration results from military
2008. Which one of the following writer was intervention
not associated with the classical theory of D. Military is an agent of social change
development?
A. Adam Smith 2014. Radical underdevelopment theory:
B. Ricardo A. Opposed traditional Marxism
C. Malthus B. Supported the stand of traditional Marxists
D. Marshall C. Effect some modifications in the stand of
traditional Marxists
2009. Which of following thinkers built up D. All the above
theory of development around theory wages
and rent? 2015. Lenin held that the export of capital
A. Marx tends to: ____________?
B. Ricardo A. Arrest development in capital importing
C. Adam Smith countries
D. None of the above B. Arrest development in capital exporting
countries
2010. Which one of the following put forth C. Arrest development in capital importing as
classical theory of development? well as capital exporting countries
A. Ricardo D. None of the above
B. Keynes
C. Marx 2016. Marx believed that spread of
D. Marshall capitalism throughout the world had led to:
__________?
2011. Marxian theory of development was A. Underdevelopment
essential: B. Development
A. An economic theory C. Development in some parts and
B. A political theory underdevelopment in other parts
C. A socio-economic theory D. None of the above
D. A blend of socio-economic and political
factors 2017. Marx in his writings:
_______________?
2012. Marxian theory depicts the A. Paid no attention to the issue of
development of human society on the basis underdevelopment
of: _________? B. Paid great attention to the issue of
A. Historical materialism underdevelopment
B. Social engineering C. Emphasized that capitalism was respobsible
C. Natural holding for underdevelopment
D. Unfolding of natural law D. None of the above

162
2018. Who saw a close relationship between
underdevelopment and expansion of
capitalism?
A. Radical structuralist
B. Marxists
C. None of the two
D. Both of the above
2019. Generally the periphery countries are
dependent on the centre for:
_____________?
A. Raw materials
B. Minerals
C. Manufactured goods
D. All the above
2020. An underdeveloped country is one
which has good potential prospects for
using:
A. More capital
B. More labour
C. More available natural resources
D. All the above
2021. Who expressed the opinion that “he
developed countries were never
underdeveloped through they may have
been underdeveloped?
A. Marx
B. A.C. Frank
C. Lenin
D. None of the above
2022. The capital accumulation which
according to Marx, contributes to
development is rendered possible by:
A. Technological improvement
B. Reduction of wages
C. Increase in working hours
D. None of the above
2023. The Mandan theory of development
was greatly influenced by: __________?
A. The English classical school
B. The German historical school
C. By both the above schools
D. By none of the above two schools
2024. Non-classical theory of development
became necessary:
A. Due to technological and resource
discoveries of the nineteenth century
B. Deu to fast deteriorating condition of the
workers in Europe
C. Due to fear of revolution created by the
163
preaching’s Marx
D. Due to all the above reasons
2025. Which one of the following has been
wrongly listed as a feature of model of
development offered by neo-classical
thinkers?
A. Development is a gradual and continuous
process
B. The process of development has
harmonious and cumulative nature
C. They are quite optimistic about the
possibilities of continued economic progress
D. None of the above
2026. Who looked upon economic
development as a race between capital
accumulation and population growth?
A. Marxian writers
B. Classical writers
C. Neo-classical writers
D. All the three
2027. Schumpeter is associated with:
_____________?
A. Neo-classical theory of development
B. Narxian theory of development
C. Theory of entrepreneur
D. None of the above theories
2028. The Entrepreneur theory of
development holds that:
_________________?
A. Talented type of individuals play an
important role in development
B. Rich capitalists play an important role in
development
C. Rich people with the help of some
enterprising persons contribute to development
D. None of the above
2029. The entrepreneurs undertake new
development activities :
A. By investing their savings
B. By roping in rich capitalists
C. By securing credit from the banks
D. By securing grants from the government
2030. Theory of Economic Maturity
regarding development is associated with:
____________?
A. Schumpeter
B. Keynes
C. Alvin Hansen
D. All the above
2031. The classical economicts opposed D. Schumpeter
government interference because: E. Edward A Shills
A. It keeps prices of food high by levying high
tariffs 2038. Which one of the following group of
B. It subsidized the poor writers looked upon economic development
C. It encouraged overpopulation as a race betwwen capital and accumulation
D. It appropriated a part of purposes growth:
E. On account of all the above reasons A. Marxists
B. Classical writers
2032. Hansen used the theory of Economic C. Neo-classical writers
Maturity to examine the problems arising: D. All the above
A. In the wake of World War I
B. In the wake of World War II 2039. In his theory about development
C. In the wake of economic crisis of thrties Marx Schumpeter was influenced by:
D. In the sixties ___________?
A. Neo-Classists
2033. According to Ricardo the key role in B. Classists
economic development is played by: C. Karl Marx
__________? D. Alvin Hansen
A. The Labourers
B. The landlords 2040. In his theory of development
C. The capitalists Schumpeter has laid stress on: __________?
D. The scientists A. Leadership
B. Ownership
2034. The most elaborate exposition of C. Capital formation
classical theory of development was offered D. Accumulated capital
by: ________? E. None of these
A. Adam Smith
B. Ricardo 2041. Pick out one of the following whose
C. J.S. Mill name is linked with political stability in
D. Malthus political development:
A. Max Weber
2035. Which one of the following is not a B. Edward A. Shills
valid criticism? C. G.A. Almond
A. This approach is too narrow D. Karl Deutsch
B. This approach is too wide E. Karl Marx
C. It fails to appreciate the importance of
political stability 2042. F.W. Riggs in his theory political
D. It fails to appreciate the importance of development has laid stress on:
attitude of people in development processes A. Industrialisation
B. Political modernisation
2036. According to Nettle political C. Political participation
development could be properly studied with D. Political democracy
the help of: __________? E. Political stability
A. Disciplinary approach
B. Inter-disciplinary approach 2043. According to Malthus high wages:
C. Industrialisation A. Promote fast growth of population
D. Political processes B. Retard fast growth of population
C. Help maintaining status quo in population
2037. Entrepreneur theory about growth
development is associated with the name of: D. Discourage growth rate of population
__________?
A. T.S. Colesman 2044. According to Ricrdo rise of wages
B. G.A. Almond presupposes:
C. Karl Marx A. Capital accumulation

164
B. More population
C. Centralisation of authority
D. Higher rents
2045. According to G. A. Almond political
development should be linked with:
__________?
A. Democracy
B. Political mobilisation
C. Political stability
D. Level of absolute power
2046. Which one of the following is not valid
criticism against classical theorists of
political development?
A. They underestimated technological
progress
B. They failed to analyse problems of
aggregate demands
C. They overestimated technological
progress
D. They wrongly assumed that per capita
income rests diminishing returns
E. None of the above
2047. According to M.F. Milikan political
development should be linked with:
__________?
A. Social conditions
B. Economic conditions
C. Political conditions
D. Other developments combined
E. Population growth rate
2048. Karl Marx ideas about development
theory are available in: _________?
A. Communist Manifesto
B. Das Kapital
C. Capital: A. Critique of Political Economy
D. None of these
2049. Marx has explained his theory or
development with the help of: __________?
A. Theory of surplus value
B. Dialectical materialism
C. Class struggle
D. Proletariat revolution
E. Classless society
2050. According to Marx capital
accumulation depended on: ___________?
A. Surplus valuation
B. Increasing population
C. Industrialisation
D. International trade
165
2051. According to Myron Weiner political
development should be measured in terms
of:__________?
A. Capital formation
B. Political stability
C. Level of absolute power
D. Political modernisation
E. National respect in international field
2052. Who of the following believed that
political development should be linked with
political development in international field?
A. J.S. Coleman
B. G.A. Almond
C. Edward A. Shills
D. Karl Deutsch
E. M.F. Milikan
2053. According to Marx most dependable
method for capital accumulation was:
__________?
A. Technological development
B. Increased international trade
. Decreased international trade
D. Payment of less wages to workers
E. Denial of facilities to the workers
2054. In economic development Marx had
laid maximum stress on: ___________?
A. Capital formation
B. Decentralisation of power
C. Trade unionism
D. Technological advancement
E. Lower payment of wages
2055. According to Lucian Pye’s definition
which one of the following is not linked with
political development?
A. Equality
B. Capacity
C. Differentiation
D. Population
2056. According to Lucian Pye most
important thing in finding out political
development was?
A. Extent of political mobilisation
B. Extent of political participation
C. Nature of laws passed by the state
D. Nature of political processes
E. None of these
2057. Which one of the following is not true
criticism against Marxian theory of
development?
A. It is wrong that capitalist keeps some
workers permanently unemployed
B. Marx analysis of theory of wages is
inadequate
C. Marx has rightly pin-pointed the effects
of technological unemployment
D. None of the above
2058. The neo-classical thinkers about
development believe that existing social
order:
A. Should be destroyed
B. Should be preserved
C. Should be modified to certain extent
D. Was not conducive for the utilisation of
existing resources
2059. Which one of the following is not
correct about Marxian theory of
development?
A. For them development is a gradual process
B. For them development has harmonious
nature
C. For them development is non-cumulative
D. They believe in continued economic
progress
E. None of these
2060. Which one of the following is not a
characteristic of political development for
Nettle?
A. It is a continuous process
B. It includes definitional priorities
C. It is set of values
D. There is implicit rank order of development
2061. According to Lucian Pye political and
economic development:
A. Should be separated from each other
B. Both are contradictory to each other
C. Should be delinked from each other
D. Should be linked with each other
2062. Which one of the following is not
correct about classical thinkers or
development?
A. Social product was the outcome of labour
utilised
B. Level of wages could be arbitrarily fixed
C. Level of wages could not be changed by
labour unions
D. Level of wages could not be changed by the
Government
166
E. Level of wages was linked with
employment capacity of economy.
2063. According to Talcott Parsons political
develop0ment should be measured in terms
of: ___________?
A. Legal development
B. Industrialisation
C. Political modernisation
D. Standards of modern state
2064. Which of the following is not true
about Adam Smith’s views about
development?
A. He supported the idea of division of labour
B. He laid stress on level of productivity
C. He stressed that division of labour did
not depend on the size of the market
D. He laid stress on the accumulation of
capital
2065. According to Ricardo rent:
A. Increased when low quality land was
used
B. Increased when high quality land was used
C. When status quo was maintained about land
D. None of the above
2066. Karl Deutsch believed that political
development should be linked with:
A. Political mobilisation
B. Political participation
C. Administrative advancement
D. Political stability
E. Industrialisation
2067. Which one of the following is not true
about Malthus?
A. Population tended to come down when
wages increased
B. Wages go high when land-population ratio
is favourable
C. Profits are high when land-population ratio
is favourable
D. Profit go high when rate of accumulation is
large
2068. J.S. Colesman’s name is associated
with one of the following about political
development:
A. It should be linked with industrialisation
B. It should be linked with level of absolute
power
C. It should be linked with political stability
D. It should be linked with bureaucracy
E. It should be linked with legal system
2069. According to Karl Marx Surplus
value can be earned by several ways. Which
one of the following is not included in that?
A. By reducing the wages rates
B. By increasing working hours
C. By resorting to technological advancement
D. By using labour saving devices
E. By eliminating workers from the market
2070. Which one of the following was not
included in political development by Lucian
Pye?
A. Nature of laws passed by the state
B. Method of recruitment
C. Method of paying wages to workers
D. Achievement and standards of public
servants.
2071. The neo-classiest in their development
theory have laid stress on: _________?
A. Capital formation
B. Rate of interest
C. Surplus value
D. Dialectical materialism
E. Proletariat revolution
2072. In schumpeter’s theory of
development maximum stress has been laid
on: _________?
A. Capital
B. Interest
C. Land
D. Industrialisation
E. Entrepreneurship
2073. Jacob Vinar in his underdevellpment
theory has laid stress on: __________?
A. Per capita income
B. Rate of production
C. Growth rate
D. International trade
2074. According to Karl Max capitalism
helped in: ___________?
A. Removing underdevelopment
B. Encouraging underdevelopment
C. Maintaining status quo
D. Effected underdevelopment in no way
2075. Which one of the following is not a
contributory factor for development?
A. Abundance of national resources
B. Character of people
C. Frequent and free elections
167
D. Level of technology
2076. Those who view development not in
purely economic terms but in socio cultural
matrix attribute the development to:
__________?
A. The form of government
B. The legal system
C. Standards of education and health
D. All the above
2077. Which one of the following writers
attributed the growth of social products to
division of labour?
A. Adam Smith
B. Herbert Spencer
C. Karl Marx
D. All the above
2078. According to the classical theory of
development, the development of a country
depends on: ___________?
A. Land, labour and capital
B. Labour, capital and technology
C. Technology and capital
D. Labour and technology
2079. Which one of the following classical
thinkers based the development theory on
the prinicple of population?
A. Malthus
B. Adam Smith
C. J.S Mill
D. All the above
2080. Who offered the agrument that the
population grows whenever workers’ wages
rise above subsistence level?
A. Adam Smith
B. Malthus
C. Ricardo
D. None of the above
2081. According to Adam Smith the division
of labour contributes to development
because:
A. It leads to an increase in dexterity among
workers
B. It leads to reduction in production time
C. It leads to invention of better machines and
equipment
D. All the above factors
2082. Who considered saving as a necessary
condition for economic development?
A. Adam Smith
B. Marx
C. Marshall
D. All the above
2083. According to Adam Smith the division
of labour contributes to development:
A. When the market demand is sufficiently
large
B. When the market is small
C. When the market is neither too small nor
too large
D. Urder all types of markets
2084. According to Adam Smith the wage
rtes fall to the subsistence level:
A. Under stationary conditions
B. During periods of capital accumulation
C. Under both the above stated conditions
D. Under none of the above stated conditions
2085. The classical thinkers envisaged
development:
A. With the assistance of the government
B. Without interference by the government
C. Under the guidance of the government
D. Though the combination of all the above
methods
2086. The Principles of Political Economy
and Taxation (1817) which deals with the
classical theory of development was written
by: _________?
A. Ricardo
B. Adam Smith
C. J.S. Mill
D. Malthus
2087. The labour theory of value which
formed one of the feature of theory of
development offered by Racardo was:
____________?
A. His original idea
B. Borrowed from Adam Smith
C. Borrowed from Marx
D. None of the above
2088. Which one of the following criticism
levelled against the classical theory of
development is not correct?
A. It underestimated the possibility of
technological progress
B. It failed to adequately analyze the problem
of maintaining aggregate demand
C. It attached too much importance to the
168
role of technology in development
D. None of the above
2089. Which one of the following features
has been wrongly listed as one of the
ingredient of Marxian theory of
development?
A. Class-struggle
B. Theory of surplus value
C. Centralisation of capital
D. None of the above
2090. The neo-classical thinkers:
A. Reiterated their faith in the people that
wages are determined by supply and demand
B. Asserted that the wages are determined
by the productivity of the last worker
employed
C. Asserted that the wages of workers had
consistently increased
D. None of the above
2091. The new-classical writers believed
that economic development benefits:
A. All the major income groups
B. Only the capitalists
C. Only the workers
D. None of the above
2092. The chief defect of the neo-Classical
theory of development is: __________?
A. It attaches too much importance to factors
like political stability and attitude of the
people
B. It completely ignores factors like political
stability and attitudes of people
C. It refused to consider development as a
gradual and continuous process
D. It completely ignores the importance of
interest as a factor in establishing equilibrium
between supply of savings and demand for
capital
2093. Schumpeter held that significant
advances in national production occur by
disharmonious leaps and spurts. This idea
was:
A. His original contribution
B. Borrowed by him from Marx
C. Borrowed by Schumpeter from neo-
classical thinkers
D. None of the above
2094. According to Schumpeter the
entrepreneurs contribute to development
by: ____________?
A. Quickly catering to the tastes of the
consumers
B. Bringing about changes in the tastes of
consumers
C. Providing the existing goods at the lowest
price
D. All the above actions
2095. Which one of the following has been
wrongly listed as a defect of Schumpeter’s
theory?
A. He wrongly asserts that capitalism is
crumbling and socialism is likely to replace it
B. His theory is defective in so far as it tries to
present the spirit of enterprise as a
phenomenon common to all social
organisations
C. His assumption that all innovations are
financed by borrowings is not correct because
banks generally provide only short-term loans
D. None of the above
2096. The Theory of Economic Maturity
carried froward the ideas worked in The
General Theory of Employment, Interest
and Money by:
A. Adam Smith
B. Keynes
C. Ricrodo
D. Marshall
2097. Hansen argued that as compared to
the nineteenth century the development at
present suffered from two limitations viz:
A. Shifting frontiers and growing
population
B. Decline in purchasing capacity and growing
unemployment
C. Technological changes and presence of
large labour force
D. Growing population and prevailing
unemployment
2098. Which one of the following is the
feature of a constitutional government?
A. In this head of the state is supreme
B. In this head of the government is supreme
C. In this head of the party is supreme
D. In which Council of Ministers is supreme
E. In which constitution is supreme
2099. Constitutional Government can be a
success:
A. In an authoritarian state
169
B. In a democracy
C. In dictatorships
D. In a totalitarian state
E. None of the above
2100. Which one of the following is not
essential for constitutional government?
A. Freedom of press
B. Freedom of association
C. Freedom to exploit the weaker sections
D. Freedom to approach the courts
2101.Which is a Constitution?
A. It is an element of state
B. It is an element of the society
C. It is an element of the nation
D. It regulates as well as determines
functions of Government.
2102. Constitutional Government:
A. Received encouragement during World
War I
B. Received encouragement during World War
II
C. Received encouragement during post-
war period
D. Received encouragement during the course
of war only
2103. A rigid constitution:
A. Cannot be amended
B. Can be amended by the people as a whole
C. Can be amended like an ordinary law
D. Can be amended by a special procedure
2104. The formation of Leauge of Nations:
A. Gave serious set back to constitutional
government
B. Encouraged constitutional government
C. Did not effect constitutional government
D. Definitely opposed the system of
constitutional government
2105. A Constitution is a document which:
__________?
A. Helps us knowing foreign policy of
government
B. Tells us about party system
C. Tells us about basic principles of
governance of the state
D. Tells us about social system
2106. The view that the form of
governments changes according to a set
cycle was expressed by:
A. Plato
B. Aristotle D. Hobbes
C. Montesquieu
D. Hobbes 2113. Generally an evolved constitution:
A. Cannot be amended
2107. Rule of Law as the basis of B. Can be amended through a very simple
constitutional government was propounded procedure
most brilliantly by: C. Can be amended through a wry complicated
A. A.V. Dicey procedure
B. Lord Bryce D. Can be amended by the people alone
C. John Austin
D. Jean Bodin 2114. The preamble of the constitution
means:
2108. A constitutional government is on A. The constitution in its totality
which: B. The preface of the constitution
A. Adheres strictly to constitutional provisions C. The spirit of the constitution as
B. Does not have a monarch as head of the distinguished from its body
state D. The character of the constitution
C. Places effective restrictions on the
authority 2115. A flexible constitution:
D. Of the state in the interests of individual A. Can be amended only by a special
liberty. procedure
E. Places effective restrictions on the B. Cannot be amended
individual liberty in the interests of state C. Can be amended by the legislature
authority through ordinary law-making procedure
D. Can be amended only with the consent of
2109Who among the following claimed the majority of the people
constitution as ‘a set of established rules
embodying and directing the practice of 2116. Supremacy of Constitution which is
government’. one of the essential eatures of a federal
A. Bryce governemtn means:
B. Austin A. The Constitution is above the states
C. Dicey B. The Constitution is above the Centre
D. Aristotle C. The Constitution is above ordinary laws of
land
2110. The method of amending the D. The Constitution is above all institutions,
constitution by popular vote is found in: civil servants and citizens
__________? 2117. Which one of the following is a
A. U.K. prerequisite of a constitutional
B. U.S.A. government?
C. Switzerland A. Desire to preserve stability of political
D. All the above countries community
2111. Customs and conventions are a B. Desire for liberty combined with limitation
feature of: _________? of authority
A. Only written constitutions C. Desire for justice through general and equal
B. Only unwritten constitutions application of laws
C. Both written as well as unwritten D. All the above
constitutions
D. Countries which possess no constitution 2118. The Constitutionalism suffered a
great setback as a result of: _________?
2112. The view that the forms of A. Glorious Revolution
govenments change according to a set-cycle B. Renaissance Movement
was expressed by: C. American War of Independence
A. Aristotle D. The French Revolution of 1789
B. Plato
C. Montesquieu 2119. The main contribution of the Romans

170
to the development of constitutional rule
was:
A. The principle of the divine right of the king
B. Independence of judiciary
C. The principle that people alone are the
source of all laws
D. None of the above
2120. The origin of the constitutional
governments can be traced back to:
__________?
A. The ancient Greek times
B. The beginning of the twentieth century
C. Middle-ages
D. Eighteenth century
2121. Which one of the followings is not a
feature of constitutionalism?
A. Limited Government
B. Supremacy of individual
C. Supremacy of Law
D. Division of powers
2122. A constitution which provided for a
rigid distribution of powers between the
Centre and its constituent units is known
as:
A. Written constitution
B. A federal constitution
C. A rigid constitution
D. None of the above
2123. An amendment in the constitution is
subject to referendum in: __________?
A. Britain
B. Switzerland
C. U.S.A.
D. Pakistan
2124. An enacted constitution is:
_______________?
A. The result of slow process of evolution
B. Enacted after deliberation and discussion
C. One which has reduced the customs and
conventions into writing
D. One which has been given by the King
2125. An evolved constitution means a
constitution:
A. Which has been made by Constitution
Assembly
B. Which has been made by the King
C. Which has been made by the Parliament
D. Which has grown imperceptibly over the
years
171
2126. A codified constitution is:
____________?
A. Available as written in one single document
B. One in which all the customs and
conventions have been reduced to writing
C. One in which all the provisions are
pieced together in one or more documents
D. None of the above
2127. A constitution is known as dispersed
if: ________________?
A. It is available in writing in one single
document
B. Is available in written form in two
documents
C. Most of the provisions of the constitution
lie scattered
D. None of the above
2128. Customs and Conventions are a
feature of: __________?
A. Only written constitution
B. Both written as well as unwritten
C. Only unwritten constitutions
D. Countries having no constitutions
2129. In which of the following countries the
units have not been given any power to
initiate amendment in the Constitution?
A. U.S.A.
B. India
C. Australia
D. Switzerland
2130. The method of amending constitution
by convening Special Convention exists in
A. China
B. U.S.S.R.
C. India
D. Certain Latin American countries
2131. A constitution is known as flexible:
A. If it can be amended by the ordinary
lawmaking procedure
B. It the states alone can amend the
constitution
C. If the procedure for the amendment of
constitution is simple than the ordinary
lawmaking procedure
D. If it is difficult to amend
2132. A flexible constitution is found in:
_________
A. Britain
B. U.S.A.
C. India
D. Soviet Union
2133. Which one of the followings has been
wrongly shown as a merit of flexible
constitution?
A. A flexible constitution can adapt itself to
changing times
B. A flexible constitution saves the country
from violent revolutions
C. A flexible constitution is good for
countries where people are not politically
conscious
D. A flexible constitution can easily respond to
the needs of the people
2134. The constitution of Great Britain can
be amended: _________?
A. Through a simple law making procedure
B. Through a special convention
C. With the consent of the majority of the state
or units
D. Through referendum supported by majority
of the voters
2135. The constitution of which one of the
following countries is known an mother of
constitutions:
A. Switzerland
B. Britain
C. Soviet Union
D. U.S.A.
2136. Which one of the following is not a
demerit of rigid constitution?
A. A rigid constitution cannot keep pace with
the changed circumstances
B. A rigid constitution generally has a
conservative character
C. A rigid constitution gives undue importance
to the judiciary
D. A rigid constitution cannot properly
safeguard the rights of the people
2137. The method of amending the
constitution by popular vote is found in:
_________?
A. UK
B. U.S.A.
C. Switzerland
D. U.S.S.R
2138. In which of the following states an
amendment to the Constitution can be made
without reference to the units?
A. U.S.A.
B. Canada
172
C. India
D. U.S.S.R.
2139. Which Constitution of the world first
of all gave the people basic rights and
liberties?
A. China
B. Japan
C. Russia
D. Pakistan
E. U.S.A.
2140. Which one of the following is not
considered a basic right in a constitutional
government?
A. Freedom of speech
B. Freecom of expression
C. Security of life
D. Right to worship a particular religion
E. Right to own private property
2141. The Constitution of U.S.A. can be
amended by: __________?
A. Supreme Court
B. By Congress
C. Through referendum
D. By a procedure laid down in the
E. Through a special Constitution
2142. From constitutional jurisdictions we
mean:
A. Constitutional monarchy
B. Right of the courts to review the
decisions of the government
C. Absence of judicial review
D. Constitutional head of the state
2143. Government is the agency through
which the will of: ___________?
A. State is expressed
B. The people is expressed
C. The head of the state is expressed
D. The majority is expressed
2144. The first systematic classification of
governments given by: ___________?
A. Plato
B. Aristotle
C. Machiavelli
D. Montesquieu
2145. The two principles on which Aristotle
based his classification of states
(governments) were: __________?
A. Principles of number and wealth
B. Principles of population and military C. All governments
strength D. Non-monarchical states
C. Religion and power
D. Principles of number and quality of rule 2153. Which one of the following countries
does not possess a written constitution?
2146. The earliest known form of A. Switzerland
government was: ___________? B. Britain
A. Democracy C. U.S.A.
B. Aristocracy D. Soviet Union
C. Monarchy 2154. Which one of the following is not an
D. Polity essential feature of a good constitution?
A. Comprehensiveness
2147. In a monarchical system of B. Written character
government the power rests with: C. Flexibility
___________? D. Independence of judiciary
A. The most powerful military leader
B. An elected head of the state 2155. An unwritten constitution is:
C. The popularly elected monarch A. Wholly unwritten
D. A hereditary ruler B. Mostly unwritten
C. Contains only some unwritten portions
2148. Absulute monarchy is a system of D. Declared as unwritten by the constituent
government in which the ruler: Assembly
A. Enjoys unlimited power
B. Exercises only those powers which are 2156. Who expressed the view that the
granted by Parliament British Constitution does not exist?
C. Enjoys only those powers which are in A. De Tocqueville
accordance with the religious laws B. Hamilton
D. None of the above C. Herman Finer
D. C.F. Strong
2149. Limited monarchy is a system of
government in which the powers of the 2157. In a country with a written
rulers are: ________? constitution the constitution is:
A. Confirmed by the people A. Inferior to the laws of the Parliament
B. Limited by the constitution B. Superior to the laws of the Parliament
C. Limited by the judiciary C. At par with the laws of the Parliament
D. Limited by religious laws D. None of these

2150. The type of monarchy which exists in 2158. An unwritten constitution differs
some of the modern states is known as: from written constitution in so far as it is:
_________? A. Wholly unwritten
A. Limited monarchy B. Adopted after obtaining sanction of the
B. Absolute monarchy people
C. Elected monarchy C. Very brief
D. Hereditary monarchy. D. Not adopted by a formal constituent
body
2151. At present constitutional monarchy
exists in: ___________? 2159. People prefer to have a written
A. U.S.A. constitution for various reasons. Which one
B. China of the reasons listed below is not correct?
C. Saudi Arabia A. To restrain the actions of the rulers to
D. U.K. protect their rights
2152. Constitution is an essential feature of: B. To reduce the possibility of arbitrary action
________? C. To ensure a government which is
A. Democratic governments comprehensible to the subjects
B. Despotic governments D. To educate the people in the art of

173
government
2160. Which one of the followings is not an
essential feature of an ideal constitution?
A. A chapter of Fundamental Rights
B. A suitable amending procedure
C. Clear provisions regarding structure of
government
D. Structure and functions of political
parties
2161. The development of constitution can
take place in a number of ways. Some of the
methods are given below, but one of them
has been wrongly indicated. Tick the same:
A. Through formal amendment
B. Through the conventions
C. Through judicial interpretation
D. Through plebiscite
2162. A constitutional government means:
A. An arbitrary government with a despotic
ruler
B. A government limited by the terms of the
constitution
C. A government in which the head of the state
enjoys very nominal powers
D. A government which is not subject to any
restraints
2163. Which one of the following has been
wrongly listed as a feature of Constitution?
A. It is collection of principles or laws which
enjoy special sanctity
B. It determines the structure of the main
organs of government and distribution of
sovereign power between various authorities
C. It generally contains a statement of
objectives
D. None of the above
2164. Which one of the following
philosophers made contribution to the
development of constitutionalism?
A. Aristotle
B. Plato
C. Marsiglio of Padua
D. All the above
2165. Who has said that ‘Every constitution
is the product of accumulated material and
spiritual circumstances of its times’?
A. Gettell
B. Finer
C. Leacock
D. Rossueau
174
2166. Who has said that constitution is the
fundamental law of the state containing the
principles on which government is founded?
A. Gilchrist
B. Lord Bryce
C. Dicey
D. Cooley
2167. Who has said that a written
constitution is one in which most of the
fundamental principles of the governmental
organisation are contained in a formal
written instrument or instruments
deliberately created:
A. Gettell
B. Finer
C. Dicey
D. Bryce
2168. One of the serious disadvantage of a
rigid constitution is that:
A. It shifts the balance of authority from
legislature to judiciary
B. It does not reflect public opinion
C. It is not suited to federations
D. It can easily be tampered with
2169. Written constitution can develop or
grow with the help of __________?
A. Judicial interpretations
B. International treaties
C. International tribunals
D. Commissions and Committees
2170. A good constitution is one which:
_______________?
A. Does not leave scope for customs
B. Does not allow conventions to grow
C. Is very rigid
D. Elaborate and clear
2171. A characteristic of a good constitution
is that:
A. It is excellent mirror of national mind
B. It has no definite procedure for amendment
C. It is very flexible
D. It is very precise and ambiguous
2172. Which is considered to be the oldest
constitutional system of the world:
A. Switzerland
B. India
C. France
D. U.K.
2173. A constitution which provides for a
rigid distribution of the power of the constitutional government in France was
government between the centre and its _____________?
constituent units is known as: A. Machiavelli
A. Written constitution B. Hobbes
B. Federal constitution C. Locke
C. Rigid constitution D. Rousseau
D. Flexible constitution E. None of the above
2174. In a perfect federation constitution
must be: ___________? 2181. In England which one of the following
A. Rigid events indicates nation’s desire for
B. Flexible constitutional government:
C. Party rigid and partly flexible A. Theory of Divine Reghts of Kings
D. None of These B. Glorious Revolution
C. Institution of Monarchy
2175. Difference between written and D. Bi-party system
unwritten constitution is: ___________?
A. Real and effective 2182. Which one of the following indicates
B. Substantial and not that of degree the love of the people of U.S.A. for
C. That of degree and not of kind constitutional Government?
D. None of these A. Glorious Revolution
B. French Revoltion
2176. A constitution is rigid because: C. Declaration of Independence
A. There is a system of judicial review D. Presidential system of government
B. There is a system of checks and balances
C. There is a difficult procedure for 2183. In the Western world constitutional
amendment government is associated with:
D. There is a theory of separation of powers ____________?
A. Presidential form of Government
2177. A constitutional government is one in B. Monarchy
which there is: ________________? C. Party system
A. Rigid party system D. Democracy
B. Strict party discipline E. None of the above
C. The head of the state enjoys vast powers
D. The stte is considered above eveything else 2184. In Soviet Union constitutional
E. The state is sacrificed to protect the government is closely linked with:
interests of party _____________?
A. Form of Government
2178. The most convenient and popular B. Ideology
method of amending the constitution is: C. Democracy
__________? D. Federal system
A. To empower the legislature E. Rule of the proletariat
B. To take recourse to plebiscite
C. By means of direct democratic devices 2185. Which one of the following is not a
D. By empowering judiciary feature of a good constitution?
A. It should be written
2179. Which one of the following is not B. It should be comprehensive
conducive for promoting constitutional C. It should be precise
government? D. It should be rigid
A. Free press
B. Reght to form association 2186. Constitutional monarchy is found in:
C. Spread of education ___________?
D. Combination of powers A. China
E. Liberal democracy B. Yugoslavia
C. U.S.S.R.
2180. Main source of inspiration for getting D. U.S.A.

175
E. India
2187. According to Communists
constitutional government can be brought
with the help of:
A. Constitutional monarchy
B. Parliamentary democracy
C. Presidential form of Government
D. International corporation
E. Communist Ideology
2188. Which one of the following is a
hindrance on the way of constitutional
government in a developing country?
A. Their love for democracy
B. Their desire to copy the West
C. Their love for democracy
D. Their indifferent attitude towards religion
2189. Which one of the following is a
hindrance on the way or constitutional
government in a developing society?
A. Absence of political stability
B. Strong party system
C. Powerful leadership
D. Foreign economic aid
2190. One of the following stands on the
way of constitutional Government in a
developing country. Which is that?
A. Desire to follow west
B. Desire to follow east
C. Indifferent attitude of world bodies
D. Lack of clear political ideology
2191. Which one of the following is not a
feature of good constitution?
A. It should suit national environment
B. It should have definite amendment
procedure
C. It should have partly rigid and partly
flexible
D. It should be rigid
2192. Which one of the following does not
indicate cause for the formation of
constitutional government?
A. Basic rights and liberties
B. Constitutional jurisdictions
C. Independence of judiciary
D. Right to property of the individuals
E. Decentralisation of powers
2193. The system of decentralisation of
powers is found in: _________?
176
A. U.S.S.R.
B. German Democratic Republic
C. U.S.A.
D. None of the above
2194. In a constitutional monarchy the real
power is enjoyed by the __________?
A. King
B. The council of ministers
C. The majority party
D. Electorate
2195. The term constitution in the modern
sense was for the first time used in
____________?
A. The twentieth century
B. The nineteenth century
C. The eighteenth century
D. The fourteenth century
2196. The concept of constitution in the
modern sense first originated in:
_________?
A. Switzerland
B. Britain
C. U.S.A.
D. Japan
2197. An unwritten constitution is creation
of: __________?
A. Parliament
B. King
C. Customs and usages
D. None of the above
2198. Which one of the following is not a
merit of unwritten constitution?
A. An unwritten constitution has the quality of
elasticity and adaptability
B. The flexibility of unwritten constitution
prevents revolutions
C. An unwritten constitutions is rigid and
hence not suited to deal with the
emergencies
D. An unwritten constitution makes
adjustment in the relations of various organs of
government easy
2199. Conventions and Customs play more
prominent role in a country with
___________?
A. An unwritten constitution
B. A written constitution
C. No constitution
D. None of the above

2200. Which one of the following medieval
movement contributed to the growth of
constitutional government?
A. The Chartist Movement
B. The Councillor Movement
C. The Trade Union Movement
D. All the above movements
2201. Britain came to have constitutional
government by: ___________?
A. The end of seventeenth century
B. The close of the nineteenth century
C. The beginning of the present century
D. The end of eighteenth century
2202. Which one of the following statements
gives a correct definition of a constitution?
A. The rule and procedures concerning the
relationships among the structures of
Government and their principal powers and
functions
B. A fundamental statement of laws
governing the citizens’s political rights, the
political institutions, their functions and
their relationships within a particular
political community
C. A primary source of constitutional law,
which serves as a guide for the decisions of the
courts of law which interpret the rules
D. The ordering of political processes and
institutions on the basic of a document that
lays down the pattern of formal political
institutions and embodies the basic political
norms of a society
2203. A written constitution is one:
_________________________?
A. In which most, but not all, of the provisions
are unwritten
B. In which most of the provisions are
written
C. In which more than half of the provisions
are written
D. Which is completely written
2204. Which one of the following countries
possesses an evolved constitution?
A. Britain
B. U.S.A.
C. Switzerland
D. Al the above countries
2205. Constitutional government is often
regarded as synonymous with:
177
___________?
A. Absolute Monarchy
B. Military Dictatorship
C. Republican System of Government
D. Democracy
2206. “The executive is crippled by not
getting the laws it needs, and the legislature
is spoiled by having to ad without
responsibility, the Executive becomes unfit
for its name, since it cannot execute what it
decides on; the legislature is demoralized by
liberty by taking decisions for which others
(and not itslef) will suffer the effects.”
About which form of government has
Bagehot talked in the above statement.
A. Parliamentary
B. Presidential
C. Unitary
D. Federal
2207. “The President of the U.S.A. is both
more and less than a king. He is also both
more and less than a Prime Minister.” Who
among the following commentatiors had
made the above statement?
A. H.J. Laski
B. Charles Beard
C. W.B. Munro
D. C.F. Strong
2208. In Presidential system of government
the President is dependent on:
_____________?
A. The council of ministers
B. The ligislature
C. The political parties
D. None of the above
2209. Which one of the followings has been
wrongly listed as a feature of Parliamentary
form of government?
A. Presence of a nominal or titular head of
state
B. Separation of powers
C. Collective responsibility of Cabinet
D. Accountability of executive to the
legislature
2210. Which one of the following
governments operates on the principle of
collective responsibility?
A. Parliamentary
B. Presidential
C. Unitary
D. Federal
2211. To which form of government the
principle of separation of powers is
applicable?
A. Parliamentary
B. Presidential
C. Unitary
D. Federal
2212. Who of the following occupies a key
position under Parliamentary system of
government?
A. The head of the state
B. The Prime Minister
C. The Vice-President
D. The Speaker
2213. In a Parliamentary form of
government:
A. The legislature is responsible to the
executive
B. The executive is responsible to the
legislature
C. The legislature is responsible to the
judiciary
D. The legislature controls the executives as
well as the Judiciary
2214. One of the chief defects of the
Presidential system of government is:
____________?
A. No continuous and consistent policy can be
followed
B. It leads to instibility of government
C. It lacks the representative character
D. It leads to frequent conflicts between
Legislature and executive
2215. One of the chief merits of Presidential
system of government is that:
A. It enables the country to avail the
services of experts
B. It provides autocratic power to the
executive
C. The executive can easily shift its
responsibility to the Legislature
D. The executive is accountable to the elected
representatives of the people
2216. Presidential system of government is:
____________?
A. Representative responsible
B. Responsible representative
C. Neither responsible representative
178
D. None of the above
2217. Which one of the followings is a
feature of Presidential government?
A. Instability
B. Irresponsibility
C. Inalienability
D. Stability
2218. The members of the Cabinet under
Presidential government are:
A. Taken from all political parties in
proportion to their strength in the legislature
B. Are taken from the Party to which the
President belongs
C. Are not taken from any particular party
D. Are taken from amongst the non-partisan
persons
2219. The members of the Cabinet under
Presidential system are:
___________________?
A. Accountable to the President
B. Individually accountable to legislature
C. Collectively accountable to legislature
D. Accountable to the electorate
2220. Which one of the following countries
possesses Presidential government?
A. India
B. Switzerland
C. U.S.A.
D. U.S.S.R
2221. Generally the members of the Cabinet
under a Parliamentary system are:
A. Taken from the same political party
B. Taken from various political parties
according to their strength in the legislature
C. Taken on the basis of merit
D. Taken from amongst persons who are not
members of legislature
2222. The Cabinet under the Parliamentary
system of government:
A. Can get the legislature dissolved before
the expiry of its normal term
B. Cannot get the legislature dissolved before
normal term
C. Can get the legislature dissolved after
seeking advice from the Judiciary
D. Can get the legislature dissolved with the
consent of all political parties
2223. A Parliamentary government cannot
operate without:
A. A written constitution
B. An independent judiciary
C. Political parties
D. A rigid constitution
2224. The Parliamentary government:
A. Leads to frequent confliicts between the
Legislature and the executive
B. Secures swiftness in decision and vigour
in action
C. Encourages despotic tendencies of
government
D. Is not able to adopt itself according to
changing requirements
2225. The Parliamentary system of
government is good because:
A. It ensures continuity and consistency of
policy
B. It makes the opposition behave in a
responsible manner
C. It provides autocratic powers to the
executive
D. It provides a flexible form of government
2226. The Presidential system of
government first originated in:
______________?
A. U.K.
B. U.S.A.
C. France
D. Australia
2227. The head of the executive under a
Presidential system is representative in so
far as _________________?
A. He is an elected representative of the
people
B. He can address the people whenever he
chooses
C. People can approach him any time
D. He consults the elected representatives of
the people on all important national issues
2228. In Presidential Government:
____________________?
A. President is the head of state
B. The executive is subordinate to the
legislature
C. The legislature is subordianate to the
executive
D. The legislature and executive are
independent of each other
179
2229. The head of the state under
Presidential system enjoys:
A. Nominal powers
B. Real powers
C. Dictatorial powers
D. No powers
2230. President under Presidential system is
head of: _____________?
A. State
B. Government
C. State as well as government
D. None of the above
2231. In Presidential system of government,
the head of the state:
A. Cannot be removed by the Legislature
B. Can be easily removed by the Legislature
C. Can be removed by the legislature
through a very difficult process
D. None of the above
2232. The members of the Cabinet under
Presidential System:
A. Play an important role in initiating
legislation
B. Do not play any role in legislation
because they are not members of
Legislature
C. Can paly an effective role in legislation
only when the same Party enjoys majority in
the Legislature to which the President belongs
D. None of the above
2233. The Presidential government operates
on the principle of: ________________?
A. Separation of powers
B. Division of powers
C. Fusion of powers
D. Centralization of powers
2234. The members of the cabinet under a
Presidential system of government:
A. Are taken from the two houses of
Parliament
B. Are taken from amongst persons who are
not members of Parliament
C. May be taken from the popular house
D. Are nominated by the head of state on the
advice of Supreme Court
2235. The executive under Presidential
government:
A. Enjoys a fixed tenure
B. Holds office during pleasure of the
legislature
C. Holds office during the pleasure of the King
D. Holds office during the pleasure of party
bosses
2236. Under the President government:
A. The executive head can dissolved the
legislature before its normal term
B. The legislature can oust the President by a
vote of no confidence
C. The legislature can be dissolved by the
President with the consent of the judiciary
D. Neither the executive can dissolve the
legislature nor the legislature can remove
the executive before its term
2237. Which one of the following is not true
about Presidential system of Government?
A. The executive has no fixed tenure
B. There is system of separation of powers
C. There is system of checks and balances
D. There is no collective responsibility of
cabinet
2238. In a Presidential Government the
President is: ______________?
A. Independent from the legislature
B. Dependent on the legislature
C. Dependent on judiciary
D. Dependent on the Council of Ministers
2239. Which one of the following is not true
about Parliamentary form of Government?
A. There is the system of joint respobsibility
B. Prime Minister is the leader of the team
C. There is complete separation of powers
D. The Ministers are the colleagues of the
Prime Minister
2240. Which one of the following is not the
characteristics of Presidential form of
Government:
A. The President has fixed tenure
B. The President cannot enter the House of
Parliament
C. The President cannot canclude treaties
D. The President can dismiss his Secretaries at
any time
2241. In Parliamentary form of
Government:
A. The legislature is respobsible to
Government
B. The legislature is responsible to judiciary
C. The executive is responsible to legislature
D. The judiciary is respobsible to legislature
E. None of the above
180
2242. Which one of the following is not the
advantage of Parliamentary form of
Govrnment?
A. In it there is widespread political education
B. In it there is complete separation of
powers
C. In it there is flexibility
D. It is self corrective form of Government
2243. Which one of the following is not an
advantage of Parliamentary form of
Government?
A. The executive knows fully well the feelings
of the legislature
B. The decisions can be quickly taken
C. There is cooperation between the executive
and the legislture
D. It is a respobsible Government
E. It is flexible form of Government
2244. In a parliamentary form of
Government:
A. Executive and legislature work
independently
B. Executive can be dislodged from power
with a vote of no confidence
C. The term of the executive is fixed
D. It is based on theory of separation of
powers
2245. Pick up one of the following which in
your opinion is not the advantage of
Parliamentary form of Government?
A. In it partisan spirit is encouraged
B. In it there is dignity of every individual
C. It is a good check on despotism
D. It has great educative value
2246. Which one of the following is not a
demerit of parliamentary form of
Government?
A. It promotes partisan spirit
B. In this talents of all cannot be used
C. In this alternative on the fall of
Government is available
D. In it executive works in cooperation with
the legislature
E. None of the above
2247. Which of the following is associated
with parliamentary form of Government?
A. Executive and legislature work
independently
B. Executive and legislature work in close
cooperation 2254. Whether a Government is
C. Executive is dependent on judiciary Parliamentary or not is decided on the basis
D. Legislature is dependent on judiciary of relationship of the executive with:
A. Legislature
2248. Which of the following is not B. Judiciary
associated with parliamentary form of C. Civil servants
Government? D. Local self-Government institutions
A. In this there is leadership of Prime Minister
B. In this there is system of adjustment 2255. In which of the following country
C. The head of the state can remove cabinet there is Presidential system of Government?
at his will A. India
D. The Council of Ministers has no fixed B. Japan
tenure of office C. U.S.A.
D. U.S.S.R.
2249. In U.S.A. there is: _______________? E. None of the above
A. Monarchy
B. Totalitarian system 2256. Which of the following is incorrect
C. Dictatorship of cabinet about presidential form of Government?
D. Supremacy of Congress over the President A. In it there is separation of powers
E. Presidential system of Government B. In it the President is the real executive
C. The cabinet is part of the legislature
2250. One of the following is not correct D. The President is not responsible to the
about Presidential system of Government; legislatuer
pick that up:
A. Head of the state enjoys real powers 2257. In a parliamentary form of
B. It is based on the theory of separation of Government for all purposes the Council of
powers Ministers is accountable to:
C. It is based on the principle of A. The head of the State
combination of powers B. The judiciary is responsible to legislature
D. Babinet consists of nominees of the C. Prime Minister
President D. Parliament
E. None of these
2251. Parliamentary form of Government
today is commonly known as: 2258. In a Parliamentary form of
_______________? Government cabinet meetings are presided
A. Totalitarian Government over by: ______________?
B. Authoriatarian Government A. The President
C. Prime Ministerial Government B. Speaker of the Lower House
D. None of the above C. Chairman of the Upper house
2252. In which of the following country D. The Prime Minister
parliamentary form of Government does E. None of the above
not exist? 2259. These days which of the following
A. England presents the best example of Presidential
B. Canada form of Government?
C. India A. India
D. U.S.A. B. Canada
E. Australia C. USA
D. Japan
2253. In a Presidential form of Government E. Switzerland
the head of the state: ________________? 2260. Which of the following is not
A. Enjoys real powers associated with Presidential Government?
B. Is only nominal A. Stability
C. Can be removed by the judiciary B. Irresponsibility
D. None of the above C. Administrative efficiency
D. Consistent policy

181

2261. Which one of the following is
unavoidable for successful working of a
parliamentary form of Government?
A. A written constitution
B. Multi-party system
C. A federal system
D. A written constitution
E. Well organised political party system
2262. Governments are classified as
Parliamentary and Presidential on the basis
of: ____________?
A. Relations between the legislature and the
executive
B. Relations between the politicians and civil
servants
C. Written and unwritten constitutions
D. Regid and flexible constitutions
2263. In a parliamentary form of a
government:
A. The legislature is responsible to Judiciary
B. The legislature is responsible to the
executive
C. The executive is responsible to the
legislature
D. The Judiciary is responsible to the
legislature
2264. The Parliamentary government first
developed in:
A. Britain
B. France
C. Greece
D. Switzerland
2265. The head of state under a
Parliamentary government enjoys:
A. Absolute powers
B. Limited powers
C. Nominal powers
D. No powers
2266. The head of the state under a
parliamentary government:
A. Is an elected representative
B. Is a hereditary person
C. Is a nominated person
D. May be elected, hereditary or nominated
person
2267. The real executive power under a
parliamentary government rests with:
A. The Parliament
B. The King
182
C. Concil of Ministers
D. The Civil Servants
2268. The Cabinet under Parliamentary
government is accountable to:
___________?
A. The Council of Ministers
B. The Prime Minister
C. The legislature
D. The President
2269. Parliamentary government is based
on the principle of collective responsibility
which means:
A. The minister is accountable to the Cabinet
B. The minister is accountable for everthing
done by him to the Parliament as wel as
Cabinet
C. All the ministers are collectively
responsible to the legislature
D. The ministers are directly accountable to
parliament as well as the electorate
2270. The Parlimentry Government is often
described as government by:
____________?
A. Experts
B. Technocrats
C. Specialists
D. Amateurs
2271. Parliamentary government is based
on: __________?
A. Independence of Judiciary
B. Fusion of legislature and executive
C. Separation of the three organs of
government
D. None of These
2272. In a Parliamentary system of
government
A. The members of Cabinet cannot be
members of Parliament
B. Members of the Cabinet cannot be members
of Parliament
C. Members of the Cabinet are appointed
for a fixed term and cannot be removed
before the expiry of that term
D. The members of Cabinet hold office, during
the pleasure of the Parliament
E. The members of the Cabinet are not
accountable to the Parliament
2273. In a Parliamentary form of
government the members of the Council of
Ministers:
A. Are always taken from the Parliament
B. Are never taken from the Parliament
C. May be taken from Parliament but have to
resign their seats as soon as they assume
charge as Ministers
D. None of the above

2274. Under a Parliament system of

government the ministers hold office:
A. For a fixed term and cannot be removed
before the expiry of that term
B. During the pleasure of the head of state
C. As long as they enjoy the confidence of
majority of the members of the of
legislature
D. As long as they enjoy the confidence of at
least two-thirds of the members of legislature

183