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C) Discreet financial information on the business component is regularly available through the company's
financial reporting system.
D) Other companies in the same industry use similar operating segments.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 364-365
Learning Obj.: 7.1
Difficulty: Moderate
5) At least 75% of an organization's consolidated external revenues are disclosed by separate operating
segments. The remaining segments do not meet any of the reportable segment thresholds. Which of the
following is true about the remaining segments?
A) They must still be reported as separate segments.
B) They can be combined only if they have similar economic characteristics.
C) They can be combined only if the segments are horizontally or vertically integrated.
D) They can be combined and classified as "other."
Answer: D
Page Ref: 367-369
Learning Obj.: 7.1
Difficulty: Moderate
11) The following information on sales is available for the company's three operating segments:
12) The following information on sales and operating profit is available for the company's three operating
segments (in 000s):
14) There is certain information that reportable segments are required to disclose only if that information
is regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision-maker. Which of the following must be disclosed
even if it is not regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision-maker?
A) Measure of profit/loss
B) Amortization and depreciation
C) Income tax expense/benefit
D) Interest revenue and expense
Answer: A
Page Ref: 371-372
Learning Obj.: 7.2
Difficulty: Moderate
15) Under IFRS 8, certain reconciliations, such as total reportable segment revenues to the entity's
revenues, are required. Why are these reconciliations required?
A) To prove that the consolidated financial statements balance
B) To ensure that all reportable segments have been identified
C) To show the relative contribution of each segment to the total
D) To show how reportable segments were identified
Answer: C
Page Ref: 372
Learning Obj.: 7.2
Difficulty: Moderate
16) IFRS 8 requires the disclosure of certain key information such as an organization's major customers
and geographic areas of operations. Why are these disclosures required?
A) To demonstrate that the chief operating decision-maker has made prudent decisions
B) To allow users to assess potential business risks
C) To provide sufficient information to creditors
D) To allow users to see that the poor performance of one segment is usually offset by the good
performance of other segments
Answer: B
Page Ref: 371-372
Learning Obj.: 7.2
Difficulty: Moderate
B)
Sales to single customers that
Breakdown between domestic had more than 10% of
and foreign non-current assets company's revenues
Yes No
C)
Sales to single customers that
Breakdown between domestic had more than 10% of
and foreign non-current assets company's revenues
No Yes
D)
Sales to single customers that
Breakdown between domestic had more than 10% of
and foreign non-current assets company's revenues
No No
Answer: A
Page Ref: 371-372
Learning Obj.: 7.2
Difficulty: Moderate
20) Which of the following statements about interim financial statements for public companies is true?
A) Interim financial statements must be audited.
B) Interim financial statements should be in a format consistent with the year-end financial statements.
C) Interim financial statements must have the same level of detail as the annual financial statements.
D) Interim financial statements do not have to be in full compliance with IFRS.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 379
Learning Obj.: 7.3
Difficulty: Moderate
21) With respect to interim financial statements, which of the following is not dictated by IFRS?
A) Content
B) Identification of recognition principles
C) Identification of measurement principles
D) Frequency of preparation
Answer: D
Page Ref: 380
Learning Obj.: 7.3
Difficulty: Easy
22) Which of the following is not included among requirements for interim financial reports for public
companies?
A) Statement of comprehensive income
B) Statement of financial position
C) Statement of cash flows
D) Summary of significant accounting policies
Answer: D
Page Ref: 380-381
Learning Obj.: 7.3
Difficulty: Moderate
23) Rules for interim reporting require that comparative information be presented. What comparative
information should the current statement of financial position include?
A) The same quarter, last year
B) The immediate preceding quarter
C) The year end, last year
D) As budgeted for the period
Answer: C
Page Ref: 380-381
Learning Obj.: 7.3
Difficulty: Difficult
24) Yang Ltd. will issue interim financial statements for its second quarter. Which statement(s) must
report details of the second quarter as well as for the year to date?
A) Statement of comprehensive income only
B) Statement of changes in equity only
C) Statement of comprehensive income and statement of changes in equity only
D) Statement of comprehensive income, statement of changes in equity, and statement of cash flows only
Answer: A
Page Ref: 380-381
Learning Obj.: 7.3
Difficulty: Easy
25) What is the difference between the way taxes are treated under the discreet approach and under the
integral approach?
A) Under the discreet approach, taxes are estimated by applying an average tax rate to pre-tax interim net
income, but taxes are calculated separately for each interim period under the integral approach.
B) Under the integral approach, taxes are estimated by applying an average tax rate to pre-tax interim net
income, but taxes are calculated separately for each interim period under the discreet approach.
C) Under the discreet approach, taxes are recognized as they are incurred and paid, but under the
integral approach, taxes are estimated by applying an average tax rate to pre-tax interim net income.
D) Under the integral approach, taxes are recognized as they are incurred and paid, but under the
discreet approach, taxes are estimated by applying an average tax rate to pre-tax interim net income.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 383-384
Learning Obj.: 7.4
Difficulty: Moderate
26) During the first quarter of the company's fiscal year, HA Inc. paid $100,000 to an arbitrator, who
assisted in negotiating an end to a strike by factory workers, and $200,000 for annual property taxes. How
much of these costs should be expensed in the first quarter under the discreet approach and under the
integral approach?
A)
Discreet Integral
$400,000 $100,000
B)
Discreet Integral
$150,000 $150,000
C)
Discreet Integral
$150,000 $100,000
D)
Discreet Integral
$100,000 $150,000
Answer: B
Page Ref: 383-384
Learning Obj.: 7.4
Difficulty: Difficult
27) When can benefits of an income tax loss in an interim period not be recognized in that period?
A) If the loss will be offset by taxable income later in that year
B) If the loss can be used as a loss carryback
C) If it is more likely than not that a tax loss carryforward benefit will be realized
D) If the loss occurs in the first interim period
Answer: D
Page Ref: 385-386
Learning Obj.: 7.5
Difficulty: Moderate
28) In practice, most companies use the discreet approach in preparing their internal interim financial
statements. Which of the following costs is usually not included in the financial statements?
A) Insurance
B) Income taxes
C) Maintenance
D) Bonuses to employees
Answer: B
Page Ref: 384
Learning Obj.: 7.4
Difficulty: Moderate
29) Under IAS 34, which of the following costs is not viewed as a constructive obligation?
A) Contingent lease payments in excess of a contractual base amount
B) Year-end bonuses
C) Quantity discounts or rebates
D) Maintenance costs
Answer: D
Page Ref: 385
Learning Obj.: 7.5
Difficulty: Moderate
30) The recommendation for interim income tax expense requires the use of which of the following rates
in the first quarter?
A) Estimated average
B) Marginal
C) Applicable progressive
D) Loss carryforward
Answer: A
Page Ref: 385
Learning Obj.: 7.5
Difficulty: Moderate
31) In Canada and the United States, at a minimum, how often are interim financial statements required
to be issued?
A) Monthly
B) Bi-monthly
C) Quarterly
D) Semi-annually
Answer: C
Page Ref: 389
Learning Obj.: 7.3
Difficulty: Easy
32) The Alfred Company has operations in several international regions. These regions reported the
following information:
Which of these segments are reportable? Fully document all supporting calculations.
Answer:
Revenue test
Threshold $12,800 × 10% = $1,280
Reportable segments A, B, D, E
Profits test
Threshold $1,100 × 10% = $110
Reportable segments A, B, C, D
Assets test
Threshold $29,800 × 10% = $2,980
Reportable segments A, B, D
Therefore, all segments must be reported separately as each segment qualifies under one or more of the
threshold tests.
Page Ref: 367-369
Learning Obj.: 7.1
Difficulty: Moderate
33) Ravens Inc. sells office furniture, including desks, chairs, partitioning walls, and office supplies, in
more than six countries. The company is publicly traded and files annual statements with the securities
regulator. The following information was provided by the controller for the most recent year ended
December 31, 20X9.
Revenues
(in millions)
Desks $75
Chairs 40
Partitions 115
Office supplies 10
$240
Canada $75
United States 109
Australia 30
Europe 15
Asia 11
$240
Required:
Explain the nature of the disclosures that would be required by Ravens.
Answer: Ravens Inc. is a public company and must report segmented information as required by IFRS 8.
For entity-wide disclosures, public companies must disclose key information on types of products and
services sold, even if these do not qualify as separate reportable segments. Ravens would then have to
disclose the four types of revenues. In addition, companies are required to break down revenues by each
material geographic segment. For geographic segments, if revenues are material, they should be disclosed
separately. If we assume that 10% of revenue is material, then Canada, the United States, and Australia
must be disclosed separately. For reportable segments where additional information would be required,
(using the 10% of revenue threshold, which is $24 million), the segments for desk, chairs, and partitions
must be disclosed separately. For these segments, information related to revenues, expenses, assets, and
liabilities must be disclosed.
Page Ref: 367-372
Learning Obj.: 7.1, 7.2
Difficulty: Moderate
34) The controller of Getaway Corporation has prepared and summarized the following information for
her company (all in millions of $):
Inter-segment Operating
External sales sales profit (loss) Total assets
Hotels 975 89 1,050
Car rentals 512 65 642
Guided tours 205 (25) 221
Bus tours 173 100 11 250
Cruises 98 50 (15) 95
Total 1,963 150 125 2,258
Required:
Identify which segments are reportable. Also discuss any ethical issues related to reporting of segmented
information.
Based on total profits, the threshold is 10% of $165 ($89 + $65 + $11), which is $16.50. Hotels, car rentals,
and guided tours are reportable segments based on the profit threshold test.
Based on the asset threshold test, any segment with assets of $226 is reportable. Based on this test, only
the hotels, car rentals, and bus tour segments are reportable.
Based on the above analysis hotels, car rentals, guided tours, and bus tours are reportable.
From an ethical perspective, companies may attempt to hide poor operating results by combining
segments. It is up to management to define the segments, which could be based on products, services,
geographies, or customers. It may be that segregation by products/services would show some segments
to show losses and some profits. On the other hand, segmentation by customer type (business and
residential, for example) might report all segments being profitable, which would provide a more
favourable picture.
Page Ref: 364-369
Learning Obj.: 7.1
Difficulty: Moderate
35) Explain what an operating segment is. For each of the examples below, determine what operating
segments the company has and why.
a. A beverage company sells beer, wine, and bottled water. The beer and wine are sold through liquor
store outlets and directly to restaurants. The bottled water is sold to retailers.
b. A company sells leather apparel. The company designs, manufactures, and retails these goods
through its own retail outlets. There are primarily three divisions: (1) designing and sourcing and
purchasing various raw materials; (2) manufacturing; and (3) distribution and retail. The design and raw
materials flow through to the manufacturing division. All output of the manufacturing division is
transferred to the distribution and retail division. Only the distribution and retail division has external
revenues. The other divisions have internal revenues only.
c. A drug company researches, manufactures, and distributes its drugs to pharmacies and hospitals in
Canada, the United States, and Australia. It currently manufactures three drugs. Two of these drugs treat
diabetes, and one drug is used to treat arthritic pain. The company has a fourth drug that is in phase three
of the research process, awaiting final approval. This drug will also be used to treat pain, but mainly
headache pain.
Answer: An operating segment is defined as having three criteria as outlined in IFRS 8:
1. It is a component of the enterprise that is expected to generate revenues and incur costs.
2. Discreet financial information is regularly available through the company's accounting system.
3. The business component's operating results are regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision-
maker.
First of all, we assume that all the divisions have discreet financial information available that is regularly
reviewed by the chief operating decision maker.
a. Beer and wine and bottled water could be seen as three separate operating segments, having separate
managers and being distinct products. On the other hand, beer and wine are sold in the same markets to
the same type of customer and could be grouped as alcoholic beverages. Bottled water would then be a
separate operating segment.
b. For the leather apparel company, there are three divisions, but all the output is sold by the
distribution and retail division. There are no materials bought from external suppliers by the
manufacturing or the distribution and retail division. Although each division does generate revenues and
expenses, it is likely that they would all be aggregated together as a single vertically integrated segment,
rather than as three separate segments.
c. The company currently has four products, three of which produce revenue and one that is expected
to generate revenue. So based on product lines, the company would possibly identify four segments.
However, based on the type of disease that these products are marketed to, there are two segments–
diabetes and pain; or three segments–diabetes, arthritic pain, and headache pain. A final segmentation
would be based on geographic markets: Canada, the United States, and Australia. The final
determination of which segments to report would be based on how the assessment of the chief operating
decision-maker.
Page Ref: 364-365
Learning Obj.: 7.1
Difficulty: Difficult