VOLUME 21, NUMBER 25 PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 16 DECEMBER 1968

National L a b o r a t o r y . P r o f e s s o r T . B . Day of the D. R. O. Morrison, M. Schneeberger, and S. de Una-

U n i v e r s i t y of Maryland was of g r e a t a s s i s t a n c e in
our initial u s e of the p r o g r a m s TVGP and SQUAW.
M r . Michael Church and M r . David F a l c o n e r
m a d e i m p o r t a n t contributions in the p r o g r a m m i n g
and data collection p h a s e of the e x p e r i m e n t .
Most of all we thank our staff of s c a n n e r s and
m e a s u r e r s for t h e i r dedicated work. Finally we
thank P r o f e s s o r G. Kane for invaluable d i s c u s -
sions.
*Work supported by the U. S. Atomic Energy Commis-
sion.
tAddress unknown.
t Present address: Carnegie-Mellon University,
Pittsburgh, Pa.
^J. Lys, J. Chapman, D. Falconer, C. T. Murphy,
and J. C. Vander Velde, Phys. Rev. Letters 21^, 1116
(1968).
^V. Domingo, G. P. Fisher, L. Marshall Libby, and
R. Sears, Phys. Letters 25B, 486 (1967).
% . M. Katz, B. Format!, and T. Ferbel, Phys. Rev.
Letters la, 265 (1967).
^O. Czyzewski, B. Escoubes, Y. Goldschmidt-Cler-
mont, M. Guinea-Moorhead, T. Hofmokl, R. Lewisch,
muno, in the Proceedings of the Sienna International
Conference on Elementary Particles (Society Italiana
de Fisica, Bologna, Italy, 1963), Vol. 1, p. 271.
^G. Lynch, Po Eberhard, G. Kalbfleisch, J. Lannutti,
B. Magli6, J. Shafer, M. L. Stevenson, and N. Xuong,
Phys. Rev. 131^ 1287 (1963).
^T. M. Church et al., "Hyperon Production in pp Col-
lisions Near 2 GeV/c,'* to be published.
•^O. Dahl, L. Hardy, R. Hess, J. Kirz, D. Miller, and
J. Schwartz, Phys. Rev. 163, 1430 (1967).
^D. Clitie, C. Moore, and D. Reeder, Phys. Rev. Let-
ters 19^, 675 (1967).
^A. S. Carroll, J. Fischer, A. Lundby, R. H. Phillips,
C. L. Wang, F. Lobkowicz, A. C. Melissinos, Y. Naga-
shima, C. A. Smith, and S. Tewksbiory, Phys. Rev. Let-
ters 21, 1282 (1968).
i^J. K. Kim, Phys. Rev. Letters 1£, 1079 (1967).
^^V. Barger and D. Cline, Phys. Letters 25B, 415
(1967).
^^Comparison of our data with the preliminary results
of these other experiments and speculations on the p o s -
sible existence of a resonance in the system may be
found in C. T. Murphy, Argonne National Laboratory
Report No. ANL/HEP 6812 (unpublished). Complete
details pertaining to the analysis of this experiment are
available in Michigan Bubble Chamber Research Note
81/68.

DIRECT EVIDENCE FOR THE M U L T I P L E T ASSIGNMENTS O F A(1520) AND A(1405)t

R o b e r t D. T r i p p , R o g e r O. B a n g e r t e r , Angela B a r b a r o - G a l t i e r i , and T e r r y S. M a s t
Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California
(Received 31 October 1968)

A measurement has been made of the relative signs of the resonant K^p-* STT reaction
amplitudes coming from partial waves corresponding to 2(1385), A(1405), and A(1520).
From this it is shown that A(1405) and A(1520) are to be described as predominantly
SU(3) singlets.

One of the t r i u m p h s of SU(3) has been the c o n -
sistently c o r r e c t prediction of the r e l a t i v e signs
of r e s o n a n t r e a c t i o n a m p l i t u d e s a s d e r i v e d from
formation e x p e r i m e n t s . In p a r t i c u l a r , all the
b e t t e r e s t a b l i s h e d F * r e s o n a n c e s formed in K^p
r e a c t i o n s and placed into s i n g l e t s , o c t e t s , and
decuplets a c c o r d i n g to m a s s f o r m u l a s have c o r -
r e c t r e l a t i v e signs between r e s o n a n t a m p l i t u d e s
a s m e a s u r e d in t h e i r STT and ATT decay modes.^>^
Breaking of SU(3) often a l t e r s the p r e d i c t e d decay
r a t e s c o n s i d e r a b l y ; however, u n l e s s it i s s e -
v e r e , the r e l a t i v e s i g n s a r e unaffected. In this
L e t t e r we investigate the i n t e r f e r e n c e s between
the J'-^=|"*' r e s o n a n c e S(1385), the J ^ = i"" r e s o -
nance A(1405), and the J ^ = | " r e s o n a n c e A(1520)
a s m e a s u r e d in the r e a c t i o n K'^p-^Zji. Taking
S(1385) to be in a decuplet, we s h a l l find that
A (1405) and A (1520) a r e c o n s i s t e n t with t h e i r c o n -
ventional a s s i g n m e n t s a s SU(3) s i n g l e t s .
In this a n a l y s i s we follow the p r o c e d u r e adopted
by Watson, F e r r o - L u z z i , and Tripp^ of p a r a m e -
t r i z i n g the l o w - m o m e n t u m K^p coupled-channel
amplitudes by constant complex s c a t t e r i n g lengths
and constant r e a c t i o n p h a s e s , a p a r t from the DQS
amplitudes c o r r e s p o n d i n g to A (1520) which a r e
w r i t t e n a s B r e i t - W i g n e r r e s o n a n c e s . All p a r t i a l
w a v e s through J = I a r e included.^ The old e x p e r -
i m e n t a l data^ spanning the m o m e n t u m region 250-
513 M e V / c ( c m . energy 1470-1570 MeV) have
been g r e a t l y augmented (about one-hundredfold
at 390 MeV/c) by our m o r e r e c e n t b u b b l e - c h a m -
b e r e x p e r i m e n t in the r e g i o n 300-450 M e V / c .
T h i s p a r t i a l l y completed e x p e r i m e n t h a s so far
yielded new angular d i s t r i b u t i o n s in the K%,

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VOLUME 21, NUMBER 25 PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 16 DECEMBER 1968

Table I. Coupling coefficients of F* for various w h e r e the coefficient of the coupling of each c h a n -
SU(3) representations. nel to the F * may be obtained from the C l e b s c h -
Gordan coefficient of SU(3).'' Table I shows each
^ATiCy* g^S7rrt= of these couplings for a decuplet F^*, i.e., S(1385),
and for a FQ* belonging to a singlet, octet, o r 2 7 -
Fl* (2) Decuplet -(T)^^VIO (i)*'Vio plet. The s u b s c r i p t s on t h e s e r e a l coupling c o n -
Fo* (A) Singlet ig^ (D'^Vi s t a n t s indicate to which multiplet each belongs.
We s e e that for the reaction KN-^ S(1385) - STT
-ii)^\^ the n u m e r a t o r in the amplitude in (2) i s negative:
(D and F)
-gj/e. Similarly for ^Ar--A(1520)^2:7r if A (1520)
27-plet (3/20)''V27 -{1/40)^'%^ is a u n i t a r y singlet, the n u m e r a t o r i s (^)^''Vi^>
and if A(1520) i s a 27-plet, it is -(3/800)^/^^27^.
Thus in the i n t e r f e r e n c e between a decuplet and
2±,o^±,o^ and ATT channels, and p o l a r i z a t i o n s in the a singlet the n u m e r a t o r s a r e of opposite sign; b e -
channels containing S"^, S°, and A hyperons.^ A l - tween a decuplet and a 27-plet they a r e of the
though the question of r e l a t i v e phase of the r e s o - s a m e sign. F o r an octet F^* the sign of the n u -
nant amplitudes e n t e r s for this p a r t i c u l a r study m e r a t o r depends on the r e l a t i v e s t r e n g t h s of the
only in the K^p -^ TJTJ r e a c t i o n s , we have included D and F couplings. F o r A(1520) the only known
o t h e r channels in the a n a l y s i s in o r d e r to e s t a b -
octet into which it could possibly fit
lish simultaneously the b e s t v a l u e s for the a m p l i -
would make the sign^ the s a m e a s for the d e c u p -
tudes.
let. F o r the possibility of an octet A(1405), the
The reaction amplitudes for K^p -^ STT may be p a r t i a l l y completed octet h a s an insuffi-
w r i t t e n in t e r m s of the / = 0 and / = 1 STT r e a c t i o n cient n u m b e r of known decay r a t e s ^ to fix the D
amplitudes^ a s and F couplings and t h e r e f o r e to p r e d i c t the r e l a -
tive sign.
Figure 1 shows the Argand d i a g r a m s for the
(1) 5QJ,
•^01? P ^ ^13?3 , and D^^ amplitudes (the s u b s c r i p t n o t a -
tion i s L I, 2 J') in the KN and ZTT channels. The
If the amplitude is r e s o n a n t , it i s p r o p o r t i o n a l to t r a j e c t o r y of the D^^ amplitude in energy is shown
by the dashed c i r c l e with a v e c t o r indicating its
value at r e s o n a n c e ; the v e c t o r s labeled S^^. and

K N,-*K N
Im

FIGo 1. Amplitudes for the reactions KN-'-KN and Ktf-^T.ir shown inside the unitary circles for the three p a r -
tial waves of interest in this Letter. The correspondences are 2(1385) =^^3, A(1405) = SQI, and A(1520) = Z)Q3. The
latter is parametrized as a resonance whose trajectory in energy is shown as a dashed circle. The overall arbi-
trary phase for the reaction amplitude KN-^'Eir is fixed by taking DQS to be imaginary at resonance. The SQJ and
Pi3 amplitudes are here parametrized as constant complex scattering lengths. Their phases in the STT channel are
left free to be determined by this experiment. It is these phases which show A(1405) and A(1520) to have the same
relative sign, and S(1385) and A(1520) to have the opposite relative sign. Crosses near the heads of the arrows
show where the SQ^ and P^^ amplitudes would reach if parametrized as Breit-Wigner resonances, as described in
the text.

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VOLUME 21, NUMBER 25 PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 16 DECEMBER 1968

Pj3 are shown at 395 MeV/c (corresponding to the

energy of the D^^ resonance). The KN amplitudes 1490 1500 1510 1520 1530 1540
in Fig. 1(a) are not relevant to this discussion
since the relative signs are always positive.
However, they do show that the elastic channel
amplitudes do have the correct orientations to be
described by the behavior beyond resonance of
A(1405) and 2(1385). The STT amplitudes in Fig.
1(b) display the signs with which we are concerned
in this Letter, namely that relative to the D^^
amplitude of A(1520), the S^^ amplitude r e p r e -
senting the high-energy tail of A (1405) has the
same sign. The P^^ amplitude given by the high-
energy tail of 2(1385), however, shows that at
its resonant energy this amplitude is negative
imaginary, i.e., opposite in sign to A(1520),
which demonstrates that the signs of the STT am-
plitudes for A(1520) and A(1405) relative to
2(1385) are as expected from unitary singlets.
It also excludes the assignment of A (1520) in the
I"" octet or the assignments of A(1520) or A(1405)
into 2 7-p lets .^
Having seen that the S^^ and P^g amplitudes at
our energy have phases in both KN and ETT which
are quite consistent with an interpretation that
they are the high-energy tails of their respective
300 350 400 450
resonances,® we have altered the parametrization PK-( MeV/c)
of these states from the previous constant-scat-
tering-length description to that of simple Breit- FIG. 2. Data from this experiment showing most
clearly the interference between A(1520) and the high-
Wigner resonances. Threshold dependences
energy tails of 2(1385) and A(1405). (a) The difference
were given by appropriate phase-space and cen- between the A^/AQ coefficient of the Legendre poly-
trifugal-barrier factors. Reminimization of all nominal expansion of the 2"''7r"" and S^TT"^ angular distri-
amplitudes yielded fits with higher x^ than the butions. This arises primarily from P^^-DQ^ interfer-
previous parametrization/° but nonetheless grat- ence. The solid curve shows the best fit to all the data
ify ingly good considering the simplicity and high- measured in the experiment; the dashed curve results
ly constrained nature of this model, in which from reversing the P^^ phase, (b) AgMo ^^^ 2^^^« This
there are no free phases for the resonant ampli- arises primarily from SQ^--DQ^ interference. The solid
curve is the best fit to all data; the dashed curve is
tudes. In these fits we have fixed the masses and the fit with the phase of SQ^ reversed.
partial widths at resonance of 2(1358) and A (1405)
at their experimental values,^^ whereas the KN
partial widths (of course below 1423 MeV) were terference. From Eq. (1), if we take the differ-
left free to be determined by this experiment. ence in the A^ coefficients between 2"^7r" and
For 2(1385) the ratio of the reduced KN width 2""7r''", the interference occurs only between
thus obtained to that expected by SU(3) was 1.5, states of different isospin. Since the 1=1 D am-
and for A(1405) it was 8.0. This indicates that plitude is small, this quantity comes almost
deviations from SU(3) symmetry are small for purely from 2(1385)-A(1520) interference. Fig-
2(1385) but are quite appreciable for A(1405), as ure 2(a) displays the data expressed as a ratio
has been noted previously.^^ AQ/AQ (we do not yet have measurements of the
It is perhaps worthwhile to exhibit the/data that partial cross sections) and the curves c o r r e -
are most relevant to the sign determination. The sponding to the two choices of relative sign. The
interference between 2(1385) and A(1520) appeal's large excursion from positive to negative, p a s -
most clearly in the A^ coefficient of the Legendre sing through zero at 385 MeV/c (just before r e s -
polynomial expansion of the angular distribution, onance), requires the P^g amplitude to be as in-
since this coefficient arises only from P^-^s i^" dicated in Fig. 1(b). Similarly the / = 0 2 V angu-

1723
VOLUME 21, NUMBER 25 PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 16 DECEMBER 1968

lar distribution best shows the interference be-
tween A(1405) and A(1520). Figure 2(b) shows
the ^ / A Q i^atio that a r i s e s primarily from the S
and D states and their interference, since the P
amplitudes are small compared with S and D.
The curves correspond to the two choices of r e l -
ative sign of A (1405) with respect to A (1520). It
is clear from the data that beyond resonance the
two amplitudes must be nearly in phase, as is
required if both resonances are SU(3) singlets.
*Work supported under the auspices of the U. S.
Atomic Energy Commission.
^R. Tripp et al., Nucl. Phys. B3, 10 (1967). An up-
dated version of these SU(3) comparisons of baryon
resonances will appear in the Proceedings of the Four-
teenth International Conference on High Energy Phys-
ics, Vienna, Austria, 1968, to be published.
^The method of employing relative signs for SU(3)
classification was first used by A. Kernan and W.
Smart, Phys. Rev. Letters r7, 832 (1966).
^M. Watson, M. Ferro-Luzzi, and R. Tripp, Phys.
Rev. 131, 2248 (1963).
'^There are no indications that higher partial waves
appear in detectable amounts at the low energies con-
sidered here. We have altered slightly the analysis
method of Ref. 3 by emplojang the appropriate c.m.
momentum for each channel in the decay widths of the
resonant amplitudes, using a fixed radius of interac-
tion of 1 F in the expression for the centrifugal b a r r i -
er.
^2"^ polarizations from this experiment have been
published in R. Bangerter et al., Phys. Rev. Letters
JL7, 495 (1966).
^We reverse the convention used in Ref. 3 to make it
more appropriate for discussion of unitary symmetry.
^J. J. de Swart, Rev. Mod. Phys. 35^, 916 (1963).
^From the known branching fractions of A (1520) and
A(1690) (a presumed member of the f~ octet) there is
reasonably good evidence for some singlet-octet mix-
ing between these two states, as noted by Ref, 1 and by
G. B. Yodh, Phys. Rev. Letters 18^, 810 (1967). In
order to alter the sign of the resonant A(1520) ampli-
tude the mixing angle would have to exceed about 45
deg. The estimate for this angle is about 16 deg. For
A(1405) there is evidence for much stronger SU(3)
symmetry breaking, as discussed later in this Letter.
The conclusion of our experiment concerning A (1405)
is that the symmetry breaking is not so severe as to
alter the sign of the resonant amplitude.
^J. Kadyk, Y. Oren, G. Goldhaber, S. Goldhaber, and
G. Trilling [Phys. Rev. Letters 17, 599 (1966)] have
investigated the ATT channel in the reaction K2^p^ ATI:^
at low energies and find that the angular distributions
require a substantial P^^ amplitude whose magnitude is
consistent with the tail of 2(1385). A similar interpre-
tation based on their data and those of Ref. 3 has been
put forward by J. K. Kim, Phys. Rev. Letters Id^, 1074
(1967). We may also note that there are at present no
other known P^3 resonances which could contribute a
substantial amplitude in the vicinity of 1520 Mev.
^^The ratio x^Ax^) (where (x^) is the expected chi
squared) for the constant-scattering-length parametriz-
ation is 1.23, indicating either that detectable differ-
ences with this constraining parametrization are begin-
ning to appear, or that the data in their preliminary
form have some additional biases. The resonant pa-
rametrizations have yielded ratios of 1.38 for Pi^ pa-
rametrized as a resonance and 1.85 for SQ^ param-
etrized as a resonance.
^^Particle Data Group, University of California Radia-
tion Laboratory Report No. UCRL-8030 Revised, 1968
(unpublished).
^^C. Weil, Phys. Rev. 161, 1682(1968). For this
A(1405) ratio which should be 1 in exact SU(3) Weil ob-
tains 11.1 by use of the SQ^ scattering lengths of J. K.
Kim [Phys. Rev. Letters 14, 29 (1965)]. A more recent
analysis by J. K. Kim and F. von Hippel (to be published)
yields 6.8 ±1.0 for this ratio.

VENEZIANO FORMULA WITH TRAJECTORIES SPACED BY TWO UNITS*

Stanley Mandelstam
Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California
(Received 30 October 1968)

By representing a scattering amplitude as a sum of terms of the Veneziano tj^e, we

can cancel alternate trajectories and remain with trajectories spaced by two units of an-
gular momentum. This result is obtained without imposing a supplementary condition
and without introducing poles in the Regge residues at nonsense wrong-signature inte-
gers.

Veneziano^ has proposed a formula for a scat-
tering amplitude which has Regge asymptotic be-
havior in all channels. The Regge trajectories in
such an amplitude are normally spaced at unit
distance from one another in a, but Veneziano
has proposed a supplementary condition^ on the
trajectory parameters which would remove alter-
nate trajectories. A somewhat different formula
for an amplitude with Regge asymptotic behavior
in all channels has been proposed by Virasoro.^
Virasoro's amplitude has trajectories spaced by
two units, even though he does not impose a sup-

1724