Title: Unlocking the Complexity: Navigating the Challenges of Writing a Literature Review on IT

Project Portfolio Management

Embarking on a literature review journey can often feel like navigating a labyrinth of information,
especially when delving into the realm of IT Project Portfolio Management (IT PPM). As a
multifaceted field at the intersection of information technology and project management,
synthesizing existing knowledge and research on IT PPM can be a daunting task. Yet, understanding
this critical aspect is paramount for any organization striving for efficient project management and
optimal resource allocation.

The process of writing a literature review on IT PPM involves meticulous planning, extensive
research, and the ability to critically analyze a plethora of scholarly articles, books, and other sources.
One must sift through a vast sea of information, identifying relevant studies, theories,
methodologies, and empirical evidence to construct a cohesive narrative that adds value to the
existing body of knowledge.

One of the primary challenges in writing a literature review on IT PPM lies in the sheer volume and
diversity of available literature. The field encompasses various sub-disciplines such as project
management methodologies, strategic planning, risk management, resource allocation, and
technology integration, each with its own set of theories and practices. Navigating through this
diverse landscape requires not only expertise in IT and project management but also a keen
understanding of academic research methodologies.

Furthermore, the dynamic nature of IT PPM adds another layer of complexity. With rapid
advancements in technology, emerging trends, and evolving best practices, staying abreast of the
latest developments is essential. Incorporating recent studies and industry reports while ensuring the
relevance and validity of the information presented poses a significant challenge for researchers.

Moreover, synthesizing disparate sources and integrating them into a coherent narrative requires
advanced analytical skills and critical thinking. Researchers must identify common themes,
contradictions, gaps in existing literature, and areas for future research, all while maintaining
objectivity and rigor in their analysis.

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The results indicated a significant improvement in the AI group, with a 40% increase in test scores
and a 35% rise in problem-solving abilities compared to the control group. Migrant men are at risk
for challenges engaging in HIV care. From 2019, “entrepreneurial ecosystem” gives way to
“entrepreneurial education”, “entrepreneurial university” and its “ecosystem”. Brief summary of
strength and limitations of evidence (e.g., inconsistency, imprecision, indirectness, or risk of bias,
other supporting or conflicting evidence). However, the study mentioned five teachers that were
regular gamers whose perspectives are left to a short section at the end of the presentation of the
teachers’ results. Scope of PRISMA for Abstracts The PRISMA for Abstracts checklist focuses on
truthful representation of a systematic review in an abstract. Malecki ( 2011 ) suggested the
simultaneous integration of local and global knowledge as well as internal and external. If you are
wondering how to start an article review, begin with an introduction that mentions the article and
your thesis for the review. JM is the PI of the parent study from which these analyses are based. He
has held several positions at the FEUP: 1987-1995: Assistant Lecturer; 1995-2003: Assistant
Professor; 2003-today: Associate Professor. Kuratko ( 2005 ), in his study, notes that younger people
have become the most entrepreneurial generation since the Industrial Revolution. Set page margins to
1 inch (2.54 cm). Write “Abstract” (bold and centered) at the top of the page. The review should
enumerate, describe, summarize, objectively evaluate and clarify this previous research. Choosing
Verb Tenses within Your Abstract The social science sample (Sample 1) below uses the present tense
to describe general facts and interpretations that have been and are currently true, including the
prevailing explanation for the social phenomenon under study. And remember, if you ever need help
with proofreading, rewriting your essay, or even want to buy essay, our friendly team is always here
to assist you. Citations for the examples of good reporting are in Table 2. An APA abstract is a
comprehensive summary of your paper in which you briefly address the research problem,
hypotheses, methods, results, and implications of your research. Secundo et al. ( 2021 ) mention that
UBEE facilitates innovation and entrepreneurial opportunities thanks to the knowledge-sharing
processes between the various actors. Table 3 elucidates the stages that followed in this study. These
findings open new avenues for developing effective treatments against infections caused by drug-
resistant pathogens and highlight the potential of peptide-based therapies in future pharmaceutical
applications. Body - Organize your analysis with headings and subheadings. The objectives in an
abstract should convey succinctly the broad aims of the systematic review. The cluster 2 indicates the
importance of higher education for EE and cluster 3 leads us to the triple helix model with the focus
on university entrepreneurial experience. The second type examines the similarity and relationship
between publications, authors and keywords using co-word, co-authorship and co-citation analyses.
Although students often neglect this step, proofreading is a vital part of the writing process and will
help you polish your paper to ensure that there are no mistakes or inconsistencies. Table 6 presents
the five authors and journals that have contributed for research’s development. Important conclusions
about the implications for research should be included if these are not obvious. On another thread,
PPM was considered as having a holistic capability to align projects with business strategy by
Khameneh et al. (2016). These authors propose a PPM capability model that consists of eleven areas,
with 81 capabilities. Step One: Introduction Length: About 25% of your abstract Purpose: Provide
context for your research and describe your research objectives. Rubrics and templates can also be
used to evaluate and grade the person who wrote the article.
Portfolio management is about making strategic choices. Examples: 9a. “Four potentially eligible
trials were not included in the meta-analysis because mortality data by age group were not available.”
9b. “All trials were open label, which may introduce bias. Mobility and HIV care engagement: a
research agenda. Migrant men are at risk for challenges engaging in HIV care. This explanatory
document was drafted and circulated through several iterations among members of the writing
subcommittee who had all participated in the meeting. Business Tech. 2022. Available from:. Cited
2023 Mar 24. Ginsburg C, Collinson MA, Gomez-Olive FX, Harawa S, Pheiffer CF, White MJ. Do
not define terms. If you are abstracting your own writing When abstracting your own work, it may
be difficult to condense a piece of writing that you have agonized over for weeks (or months, or
even years) into a 250-word statement. This section is arguably the most important (and interesting)
part of your abstract. He also mentions that the approaches only offer a long list of elements without
a cause-effect relationship and concludes that it is unclear what level of geographical analysis the
approaches have taken into consideration. After putting the article in your own words, decide which
parts of the article you want to discuss in your review. Int J Equity Health. 2020;19(1):141. Six
Charts Explain South Africa’s Inequality. It’s the most common way to structure a research paper
and a very simple way to approach your abstract. Figure 4 presents the evolution of research topics in
entrepreneurial ecosystems and the relationship with the university. PPT PowerPoint slide PNG
larger image TIFF original image Section 1: TITLE Item 1: Title. At this step, the most important
thing to keep in mind is the style of citation specified by your instructor in the requirements for the
paper. These points weaken the author’s arguments and reduce his credibility. Kansheba and Wald (
2020 ) present a systematic review of the existing literature, develop a research agenda and
analysing, only, articles that focused on EEs (conceptual, theoretical or empirical). They also provide
a citation index, generating information about each publication in documents that cite them as well
as cited. The production growth rate is 33.5%. According to the average number of citations, per
year, the articles written in 2022 were those with a higher number (9.79) followed by articles from
the years 2011, 2018 and 2019. Notably, the position of Stam ( 2015 ) and Spigel ( 2017 ) influences
2 clusters, indicating higher link strength and confirming its centrality in the EE literature. With the
right prompts, AI can save you time and create a cohesive abstract. Barriers and facilitators
associated with HIV testing uptake in South African health facilities offering HIV Counselling and
Testing. Researchers have used mixed methods, both qualitative and quantitative data collection
techniques to address the complexity of the phenomenon. Discussing the alignment of PPM
processes with business strategy concerns the challenge of aligning what is being done in projects
with business realities. Choosing Verb Tenses within Your Abstract The social science sample (Sample
1) below uses the present tense to describe general facts and interpretations that have been and are
currently true, including the prevailing explanation for the social phenomenon under study. Men were
excluded from the study if they were believed to be intoxicated at the time of consent (in which
case, they were invited to return the following day), unable to understand the study information, or
had previously enrolled in the study. This technique is useful for social science research with findings
that cannot be encapsulated by neat numbers or concrete results. To help you identify the key people
engaged in a particular field of science. If you’re submitting your abstract to a particular publication,
it also gives you a good idea of the type of language and structure they prefer. What the dissertation
does This dissertation examines the impacts of social movements through a multi-layered study of
the Mississippi Civil Rights Movement from its peak in the early 1960s through the early 1980s.
Applying new methods to take a fresh look at existing ideas or data. The 28 articles (around 25%)
use a quantitative approach through data collection techniques involving the application of
questionnaires and secondary data (statistics) and eight articles (7%) use mixed methods, namely,
they use both qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques. The PRISMA for Abstracts
checklist gives authors a framework for condensing their systematic review into the essentials for an
abstract that will meet the needs of many readers. It is not just a descriptive list of the material
available, or a set of summaries. How do hotel linen suppliers contribute to sustainable and eco-
friendly pract. Make sure you have identified and discussed the 3-4 key issues in the article. Eight
conceptual articles (7%) and seven literature review articles (6%) were identified. There is also a
third type called critical, but it is rarely used. When to Write Your Abstract Although you might be
tempted to write your abstract first because it will appear as the very first part of your paper, it’s a
good idea to wait to write your abstract until after you’ve drafted your full paper, so that you know
what you’re summarizing. Abstracts should not replace full articles in informing decision making,
but for time-pressed readers and those with limited access to full text reports, the abstract must stand
alone in presenting a clear and truthful account of the research. Kansheba and Wald ( 2020 ) present
a systematic review of the existing literature, develop a research agenda and analysing, only, articles
that focused on EEs (conceptual, theoretical or empirical). Don't: include superficial opinions or
your personal reaction. To address this need, we propose Innovatrix, an innovation management
framework built upon existing business model and innovation management tools and. For Bischoff et
al. ( 2018 ), although the concrete strengths and conceptualization of UBEEs generally vary between
universities, a number of common characteristics can be identified. In this SLR, as in the two
previously mentioned, the authors conclude that this topic is at an “embryonic stage of academic
research” (Guindalini et al., 2021: 6). They also find a gap in research regarding evaluation studies
that support the targeting of potential scientific discoveries in the market. We also wanted to provide
a checklist enabling the items suggested to fit into any set of headings mandated by a journal or
conference submission. This also shows that of the studies analysed word association results as
“academic entrepreneurship”. The document type was limited to “article” and “review.” After
applying these criteria, it was obtained 183 papers from the research process (104 obtained in
SCOPUS and 79 results in Web of Science) (stages 1 and 2 from Table 3 and Fig. 1 ). Process of
data collection and analysis In the third stage, wherein some records were excluded, the data was
filtered. Following, we have an example of a summary and an evaluation of a research article.
Citations for the examples of good reporting are in Table 2. Additionally, students using the AI
system reported higher levels of engagement and satisfaction with the learning process. An abstract
is a summary of points (as of a writing) usually presented in skeletal form; also: something that
summarizes or concentrates the essentials of a larger thing or several things. (Merriam-Webster
Dictionary Online) An abstract is a brief summary of a research article, thesis, review, conference
proceeding or any in-depth analysis of a particular subject or discipline, and is often used to help the
reader quickly ascertain the paper's purpose. Ferreira et al. ( 2019 ) mention that one of the most
suitable methods for analysing past research works is bibliometric analysis. Abstracts may include:
The thesis of the work, usually in the first sentence. Title, Abstract, Introduction 2 COMMENTS
How to Write an Abstract Step 1: Introduction Step 2: Methods Step 3: Results Step 4: Discussion
Keywords Tips for writing an abstract Other interesting articles Frequently asked questions about
abstracts Abstract example Hover over the different parts of the abstract to see how it is constructed.
According to Aria and Cuccurullo ( 2017 ), this means that the phases adopted in the review can be
replicated in all procedures and there should be clarity in all of them. In a world inundated with
content, being able to dissect and evaluate articles critically can help you separate the wheat from
the chaff. The review should enumerate, describe, summarize, objectively evaluate and clarify this
previous research. To complete your journey, we'll guide you through the post-writing process,
equipping you with essential proofreading techniques to ensure your work shines with clarity and
precision. A systematic review needs the definition of clear questions, criteria and conclusions that
provide new information based on the examined content.
Outline and Template As you progress with reading your article, organize your thoughts into
coherent sections in an outline. This paper writes through the use of reviews as proposed by Post,
Sarala, Gatrell, and Prescott (2020), which involves looking at reviews as one possible “avenue” for
advancing beneficial theory. Men’s Engagement in the HIV Care Continuum in Sub-Saharan Africa:
a Meta-Analysis and Meta-Synthesis. 2021. Nardell MF, Hedt-Gauthier B, Earnshaw V, Bogart LM,
Dietrich JJ, Courtney I, et al. The composition of clusters groups generated research points. The
objectives in an abstract should convey succinctly the broad aims of the systematic review. Direction
of the effect (i.e., which group is favoured) and size of the effect in terms meaningful to patients and
clinicians. We have annotated these samples to help you see the work that these authors are doing
within their abstracts. BMC Public Health. 2018;18(1):668. Weiser S, Wolfe W, Bangsberg D, Thior
I, Gilbert P, Makhema J, et al. According to this conceptual limitation and the still recent research,
higher education institutions (HEIs) have come to be seen as ecosystems associated with
entrepreneurship. In what format should you cite your articles (MLA, APA, ASA, Chicago, etc.)?
What length should your review be. In order to develop the analysis, Bibliometrix R-Tool was used
and the metadata of two databases (Web of Science and Scopus) was retrieved and merged..
Abstract. Research on the entrepreneurship ecosystem, based on different data. Similarly, academic
journals often have specific requirements for abstracts. However, for an abstract to be useful in an
online retrieval system, it must incorporate the key terms that a potential researcher would use to
search. After the title, the abstract is the most read part of a biomedical article. Why these particular
teachers and students were recruited was not explicitly defined and also has the potential to skew
results in a particular direction. In many cases, starting with context before your research question
makes more sense, so feel free to write in that order. The Post-Writing Process: Proofread Your Work
Finally, when all of the parts of your article review are set and ready, you have one last thing to take
care of — proofreading. Without an abstract, the search engine would be forced to search titles,
which, as we have seen, may not be fruitful, or else search the full text. There are two main parts to
this: Your research question stated simply and straightforwardly (what missing knowledge does your
study aim to answer?). PPM is well-established in the “new product development” (NPD) phase
(Cooper et al., 2001)and already well understood in the scope of companies that develop radical or
incremental products. Traditional project management methods have tended to fail when dealing
with the specificities of these types of projects. Table 2shows the number of articles that discuss PPM
with two other concepts simultaneously. Eight conceptual articles (7%) and seven literature review
articles (6%) were identified. The average years from publication is 3.31 and the average number of
citations per documents 13.4. The number of authors and co-authors per document is 2.5 and 2.7.
The first study in the final database addressed the entrepreneurship ecosystems, and the global
innovation networks were written by Malecki in 2011. It should address the primary objective and be
restricted to the main qualitative and quantitative results (generally including not more than six key
results). Moreover, an increase of publications (except 2012 and 2013) shows an increasing trend,
suggesting that the subject has been progressively gaining popularity in the academic community.
Botswana should consider expansion of free antiretroviral therapy to immigrants. The literature
review acknowledges the work of previous researchers, and in so doing, assures the reader that your
work has been well conceived. Note that in most literature review contexts, the summary and
evaluation would be much shorter. The production growth rate is 33.5%. According to the average
number of citations, per year, the articles written in 2022 were those with a higher number (9.79)
followed by articles from the years 2011, 2018 and 2019.