Segment 1 Analysis

This report provides an analysis of the time complexity of a given segment of C# code. The
code is generating a sequence of sums and storing them in a LinkedList<int>.

Code Overview

The code segment performs the following operations:

1. Reads an integer n from the console.

2. Initializes a LinkedList<int> and populates it with two initial values.
3. Uses a nested loop structure to generate a sequence of sums and adds them to the list.
4. Iterates over the list to output each element.

Complexity Analysis

Initialization
int n = Int32.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
LinkedList<int> sumSequence = new LinkedList<int>();
sumSequence.AddLast(0);
sumSequence.AddLast(1);

The initialization phase includes reading an integer and initializing a linked list with two
elements. The complexity of these operations is O(1), as they are basic operations that do not
depend on the size of the input n.

Main Loop for Sequence Generation

for (int i = 2; i < n; i++)
{
int currentSum = 0;
for (int j = i - 1; j > 0; j--)
{
currentSum += sumSequence.ElementAt(j);
}
sumSequence.AddLast(currentSum);
}

1. Outer Loop: The outer loop runs n-2 times. It starts from 2 and goes up to n-1.
2. Inner Loop: For each iteration of the outer loop, the inner loop runs i-1 times, where i is
the current iteration of the outer loop.
3. ElementAt Operation: The key complexity factor is the ElementAt(j) operation on the
LinkedList, which has O(j) time complexity, as it requires traversing the list up to the j-th
element.
4. Total Complexity: The total complexity of the nested loops is a summation of the series O(1²
+ 2² + 3² + ... + (n-1)²). This is a sum of squares series, leading to a complexity of O(n³).
Output Loop
for (int i = 0; i < sumSequence.Count(); i++)
{
Console.WriteLine(sumSequence.ElementAt(i));
}

This loop iterates over the LinkedList, which contains n elements. The ElementAt(i)
operation in each iteration has a complexity of O(I), leading to a total complexity of O(n²).

Overall Complexity

The overall complexity of the segment is determined by the most significant term in the sum
of individual complexities. Here, the nested loop structure with O(n³) dominates the final
loop's O(n²) complexity.

Conclusion

The given code segment has an overall time complexity of O(n³). This is primarily due to the
nested loop structure where the inner loop's complexity is magnified by the ElementAt
operation on the LinkedList. The complexity highlights the potential inefficiency in using a
LinkedList for such operations where random access is frequent. Optimizing the data
structure or the approach could significantly improve performance for large values of n.
Segment 2 Analysis

Introduction

This report aims to analyse the time complexity of the 2nd code segment.. The code involves
populating a LinkedList<string> with user inputs and then iterating over it to output the
elements.

Code Overview

Segment 2 performs the following operations:

1. Initializes an empty LinkedList<string>.

2. Reads user inputs in a loop until a specific condition is met.
3. Iterates over the LinkedList to output each element.

Complexity Analysis

Data Input Loop

LinkedList<string> names = new LinkedList<string>();
string input = "";

while (!input.Equals("!")){
input = Console.ReadLine();
names.AddLast(input);
}

1. Loop Iterations: The loop runs until the user inputs "!". Let's denote the number of iterations
as m, which represents the number of names entered.
2. AddLast Operation: Adding an element to the end of a LinkedList is a constant time
operation, O(1).
3. Total Complexity: Since the loop runs m times and each operation within the loop is O(1), the
overall complexity of this section is O(m).

Output Loop
for(int i = 0; i < names.Count(); i++)
{
Console.WriteLine(names.ElementAt(i));
}

1. Loop Iterations: This loop iterates over the LinkedList, which contains m elements.
2. ElementAt Operation: The ElementAt(i) operation has a linear time complexity, O(i), as it
requires traversing the list up to the i-th element.
3. Total Complexity: The total complexity is the sum of the complexities of accessing each
element, which is O(1 + 2 + 3 + ... + m). This arithmetic series sums up to O(m²).
Overall Complexity

The overall complexity of the segment is the sum of the complexities of the input and output
sections. Since O(m) for the input loop and O(m²) for the output loop are the dominating
factors, the overall complexity is dictated by the larger term.

Conclusion

The time complexity of Segment 2 is O(m²), primarily driven by the complexity of the
ElementAt operation in the output loop. The linear time complexity of accessing elements in
a LinkedList significantly impacts the overall performance, especially for large lists. This
analysis underscores the importance of considering the choice of data structures in relation to
the operations performed on them.