CCopyrghtac mater eensed to Bureau Verte. No futher reproducion or stun permite Pointed! viewed by: eannie Noag@us sxeaunerias com] @ 2013-11-11 roel ‘National Standards Authority of Ireland IRISH STANDARD. Ics 59,080.01 National Standards ‘Authonty of Ireland Glasnevin, Dublin 9 Ireland Tek +363 1 807 3800 Fax: +383 1 807 3838 Pigutewrelie TEXTILES - DETERMINATION OF a he PERMEABILITY OF FABRICS TO AIR (ISO 9237 “?!”"wstandardele : 1995) ‘Tish Stondard was ‘published undor tho ‘authority ofthe Nadonet ‘Standards Author of Ireland and comes into ‘effect on: May 3, 1998 NO COPYING WITHOUT NSAI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS. PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT caw Price Code E Udards um Chaighdedin Néisidnta na hEireannCopytighed material loensed to Bureau Veritas. No futher reproduction or estibton permite Printed! awed by: leannia agus bureaurerta. com @ 20131 1-11Copyrighie materal ented o Bureau Vert. No futharrepraducon or dtrbuton ported, Printed / vewed oy feanie hoag@us bureswvertas com] @ 20°2-11-41 DECLARATION OF SPECIFICATION ENTITLED TEXTILES - DETERMINATION OF PERMEABILITY OF FABRICS TO AIR (ISO 9237 : 1995) AS ‘THE IRISH STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR TEXTILES - DETERMINATION OF PERMEABILITY OF FABRICS TO AIR (ISO 9237 : 1995) Forfas in exercise of the power conferred by section 20 (3) of the Industrial Research and ‘Standards Act, 1961 ( No. 20 of 1961 ) and the Industrial Development Act, 1993 (No. 19 of 1993), and with the consent of the Minister for Enterprise and Employment, hereby declares as follows: 1. This instrument may be cited as the Standard Specification (Textiles - Determination of permeability of tabrios to air (ISO 9237 : 1995)) Declaration, 1996. 2, (1) The Specification set forth in the Schedule to this declaration is hereby declared to be the standard specification for Textiles - Determination of permeability of fabrics to air (ISO 9287 : 1995). The Schedule comprises the text of EN ISO 9297: 1995. (2) The said standard specification may be cited as Irish Standard/EN ISO 9237:1996 or as ILS JEN ISO 9237:1996.CCopyrightes matealicensos to Bureau Veritas. Ne futher reproduction or dstibuton permit Printed / vewed by: Ysannis hoap@us bueawvertas. com] @ 2013-11-11Copyrighted metoral eensed to Bureau Vers, No futher reproduction or dtrbuton permite Pinto! vowed by jean heag@us.buresuverts. com] @ 2072-11-11 EUROPEAN STANDARD EN ISO 9237 NORME EUROPEENNE EUROPAISCHE NORM une 1995 168 $9,080.30 Descriptors: textes, abies, tats, determination, gas permestilty Erglh version Textiles - Determination of permeability of fabrics to air (ISO 9237:1995) peeves ~ otzermtnation do 1a penéabsTiee 4 TextsTien - Bestinmur der Lufsdurchassrgkent Viair des étofves (150 925721998) von text! Yen Flachonget Iden (ISO 92371985) ‘Tms European Standard wes agproved by CEN on 1995-05-05. OEN noxbars are bound to conply with the CEN/CENELEC Interna) Repelat ane nich stipulate sha conditions for giving thts European Seandard the stator of 8 rational standard sith iy altaration. Up-to-date ists and bibiopraphtcal raferences concerning Such aattonel standards may be obtained on apot cation to ho Contra) Secretariat or ta any GEN mane ‘european Standards exist sn hres offictal varstone (English, French, Gorman). A version tn ary ather language fade by cranelation under the responeibiliey of & COM panbor" inte "ex oun Tanguage ‘and notified, to the Cartes’ SEorotirdae nae the same stetue ae the of¥icva) versions, CoN nenbers are the nationa} standarde bodies of Austra, Selgtum, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Gresce, toate, Freleng, Tealy, Lunanbourg, Netherlands, horny, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Suttzerand and Untecd Kingsse. CEN Eurgpeen Comittee for Standardization ‘Gentes Européen de Normal cation Euronstscnes Konteee fur Norman Coneral Secretariat: nie de Stassart,36 B-10S0 Brussols 7995 ANT rights of reproduction and conumcation sn any form and by aay weare Masts in a1) countries eo CEN and vex nanbers. ef, No. ON 150 925751995 €Copyrighted mater cersed to Bureau Vertos. No futher reproduction cr disbutor permit Printed viewed by: oansiehoag@us bureauvertas.com) @ 2013-11-11 Page 2 EN ISO 9237:1995 Foreword The text of the International Standard ISO 9237:1995 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 38 "Textiles" in collaboration with CEN/TC 248 "Textiles and textile products". It has been submitted to Parallel Vote and has been approved on 1995-05-05 as a European Standard. This European Standard shall be given the status of a National Standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 1995, and conflicting national, standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 1995. ‘According to CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard ISO 9237:1995 has been approved by CEN as a European Standard without any modification,Copyrighted material ensed io Bureau Varas. No futher reproduction or dsb permit, Pinta viewed by: Joannie hoagus buwauvertas corn) @ 2013-11-11 INTERNATIONAL Iso STANDARD 9237 First edition 1995-06-15, Textiles — Determination of the permeability of fabrics to air Textiles — Détermination de la perméabilté @ 'air des étottes Reference number 180 8237-1995(E)1S0 9237:1995(E) Foreword Copyrighted material eanaod o Burau Vert, No further reprosution o°dtbuon permits Printed / vowed by. [earaie heaps bureawortae co) @ 2018-11-11 'SO {the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work ‘of proparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for Which @ technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental ‘and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. SO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (HEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft Intemational Standards adopted by the technical committees are Circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 76 % of the member bodies casting International Standard !SO 9237 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 38, Textiles. ‘Annexes A and 8 of this Intemational Standard are for information only. © 150 1005 [Aight reserved. Unless otrerws specie, no par of ths publeaton may be reproduced fr ulead any former by any moan, sactrone or machariza, wading protocoDying Ona ‘stati, shout pemasion wring fom te Susieher, Interatonsl Orgsnaston for Stancersaston ese Poste BB + CH1211 Ge Pane n Svtzerand 20» SwtroandCopyrighted matealicensed to Bureau Vara, No further reproduction ar ston parmited INTERNATIONAL STANDARD © 150 Ts aGCUS aroaverias OM] BG TOTET Textiles — Determination of the permeability of fabrics to air 1 Scope This International Standard describes a method for ‘measuring the permeability of fabrics to air and is ep- plicable to most types of fabrics, including industrial fabrics for technical purposes, nonwovens and made-up textile articles that are permeable to 2 Normative refer The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publ cation, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibilty of applying the most re- cent editions of the standards. indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of cur- ‘ently valid intemational Standards. 'SO 48:1994, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of hardness (hardness between 10 IHD and 100 IHD). 180 199:1973, Textiles — Standerd atmospheres for conditioning and testing. SO 10012-1:1992, Quality assurance requirements for measuring equipment — Part 1: Metrological confirmation systam for measuring equipment. 3. Definition For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definition apolies. 3.1. al permeability: Velocity of an air flow passing perpendicularly through a test specimen under spec fied conditions of test area, pressure drop and time. 4 Principle ‘The rate of flow of air passing perpendiculerly through 2 given area of fabric is measured at a given pressure difference across the fabric test area over a given time period, 5 Sampling Select samples either in accordance with the pro Ccaduie laid down in the material specification for the fabric, or a8 agreed between the interested parties. In the absence of specification, follow the example: of sampling given in ennex B. 6 Atmospheres for conditioning and testing ‘The etmospheres for preconditioning, conditioning ‘and testing shall be as specified in ISO 199. 7 Apparatus Metrological confirmation of the test apparatus shall be carried out in secordance with ISO 1012-1 7.1. Cireular specimen holder, with an orifice al- lowing the tgst to be carried out on an area of 5 em*, 20 om?, 50 em? or 100 em’ ‘The tolerance on the test area shall not exceed £05%. NOTE 1 Adequate support of the test specimen, parvou- larly for large test surfaces, is recommended. 7.2. Means for clamping, to secure the specimen without distortion NOTE2 Care should be taken to prevent leskage of airCopyrighted materi licensed to Bureau Veritas, No frter reproduction or cstbuton pert Prntod / vewed by: leanrie hoap@us bueauverias com] @ 2013-11-11 180 9237:1995(E) around the edges of the tost specimen. Alternatively the leakage may be measured separetely and subtracted from the test resuts. 7.3 Guard ring device, to prevent leakage, for op- tional use in conjunction with the clamping means (7.2, (908 A2.1. 7.4 Pressure gauge or manometer, connected to the test head to indicate a pressure drop across the ‘specimen test area of 50 Pa, 100 Pa, 200 Pa or 500 Pa, with an accuracy of at least 2 %. 7.5 Means for drawing a steady flow of oir at controlled temperature and humidity through the ‘specimen holder and for adjusting the flowrate to produce @ pressure drop across the specimen of be- tween 50 Pa and 500 Pa. 71.6 Flowmeter, volumetric counter or measuring aperture, indicating the rate of air flow in cubic decimetres per minuto {ltres per minute) with an ac curacy of at least + 2%. NOTE 3 Flowmeters or volumetric counters measuring ‘the rate of airflow in cubic centimetres per second (or other ‘suitable units} may be used it the required accuracy of at last +2 % is maintained. 8 Conditioning of samples and test conditions Prior to test the samples shall be conditioned and the test performed in the standard atmosphere for testing (see clause 6) Recommended conditions for the test are: test surface area: 20 em*s pressure drop: 100 a for apparel fabrics; pressure drop: 200 a for industrial fabrics. In cases where these pressure drops cannot be achieved or are not appropriate, an alternative pres- sure drop of 60 Pa or 500 Pa may be used andlor an alternative test area of § cm?, 50 cm? or 100 cm® may be chosen, if agreed between the interested parties. NOTE 4 For comparison of results it s recommended t0 perform the test wth the same tast area and pressure drop, 9 Test procedure NOTE 5 Advico on checking calibration and conducting the test is given in annex A. iso Mount the test specimen in the circular specimen holder (7.1) with sufficient tension to eliminate wrin- kles, if any, taking care that the fabric is not distorted in its own plane. Avoid selvedges and areas with ‘creases or folded places. For fabrics for which the air permeability may be different between the two feces Of the fabric, specify in the test report [see 11.121] Which face was tested. Clamp specimens coated on tone side with the coating towards the lower pressure side to prevent air leskage. Start the suction fan or other means (7.5) to force the air through the test specimen and adjust the flow of air gradually til a pressure drop, as recommended above, is achieved across the test area of the fabric. Record the air flow (see 7.6) after at least 1 min or until steady conditions are achieved. NOTE Some devices. e.g. volumetric counters, may need a volume of sir flow of about 10 dm? to assure the required accuracy. Repeat the test at different locations on the sample at least 10 times under the same conditions. 10 Calculation and expression of results 10.1 Calculate the erithmetic mean of the individual readings end the coefficient of variation (to the near- est 0,1 %), stating the 95 % confidence interval 10.2. Calculate the air permeability, R, expressed in rmilimetres per second, using the equation ay aa Ex r67 3 is the arithmetic mean flowrate of air, in cubic decimetres per minute (litres per A is the area of fabric under test, in squar centimetres; 167 1s the conversion factor from cubie decimetres (or litres) per minute per ‘square centimetre to millimetres per sec- ond. 10.3 For open fabrics and nonwovens, the air per- meability R may be expressed in metres per second Using the equation w r= ¥ x 0,167 where % and A are as defined in 10.2.Copyrighted material cansod te Bureau Vertas, No further reproduction or dsibuton pei e1so Pino vowe by: Leann Aoos@usbucauvesta com @ 20121111 10 9237:1995(E) 10.4 Express the 95 % confidence interval in tho 3). test surface area used, in square centimetres; Units specitig in 10.2 oF 19.3, rounding the result & to 2 % of the value obtained in 10.2 or 10:3. 4). pressure drop used, in pascals; qi Tesi report 5) number of specimens tested: th ing. atmos ‘The test report shal include the following information: 8) bay ooatning anc tesing ‘abrnepharee af qpnerl inferrmtion 7) any dewation from the procedure specified. 1) the number and year of publication of this a International Standard, ie. ISO 9237-1995, © test results: ‘and the date of test; 1) meen sir permeability R, in milimetres per second or second, as appli 2] all information necessary for complete ident SBR reson Septeatle, fication of the samale tested and, it required, 2). coefficient of variation, in indication of the arection of air flow through es see the fabric; 3) 95% confidence interval, in milimetres per second or metres per second, as applicable.sroducon oF dstibution permite a.com] @ 2013-11-14 ©1so Annex A (informative) Advice on checking the calibration and conducting the test A.1 Checking the apparatus and calibration It's advisable to check the calibration and the proper functioning of the apparatus weekiy if in constant use, prior to testing if used infrequently, and after the ap- peratus hes been moved or repaired. The calloration ‘of the apparatus should be checked periodically ageinet a primary reference standard, at intervals of ‘no greater than 12 months. The calibration of the pressure gauge (7.4) should also be checked periodically. A calibration check plate with test aperture of known air permeability at given pressure drop should be used for checking the calibration. Ensure the reproducibility of the exact position of the check plate in the circular ‘specimen helder (7.1) to avoid any air leakage. ‘Means for checking the calibration nacommended for specific types of apparatus should be used in accord ‘ance with the specification of the apparatus and the required accuracy of the test. A2 Conducting the test A.2.1_ Edge leakage may be prevented by means fof an annular guard ring (7.3). The pressure drop across the guard ring is measured by a separate pressure gauge or manometer (7.4); the air drawn through the guard ring should not pass through the flowmeter (7.6). The pressure drops across the test and the guard ring surfaces are equalized, so that no air can pass edgewise either to or from the test sur- faces, If the measuring device is not equipped with @ guard ring, the rate of edge leakage can be determined by covering the sample with a rubber plate of the seme size as the sample. Rubber plates 1mm to 2mm thick, having a hardness of 65 IAHD to 70 IRHD when tested in accordance with ISO 48, have been found to be suitabie. A.2.2 Clamps on the fabric surface should be faced with a suitable grade of rubber (see 7.2). Gaskets 2,5 mm thick and having @ hardness of 65 IRHD to 70 IRHD when tested in accordance with ISO 48 have ‘been found to be suitable, A23° Care should be taken when clamping the specimen to ensure that it is not distorted or stretched.Copyrighted material Seong fo Bureau Vras, No futher repredustn or stbuton pried © 1so Printed /yiowed by: leanie noog@usbureouverss com) @ 2013-11-11 ISO 9237:1995(E) Annex B (informative) Suggested sampling procedure B.1 Preparation of bulk sample (number of pieces from a shipment or lot) To prepare the bulk sample, take at random from the shipment or lot at least the appropriate number of pieces shown in table B.1. Ensure that no piece that shows signs of damage or dampness incurred during transit is included in the bulk sample, B.2 Preparation of laboratory samples From each piece comprising the bulk sample, cut (irom a position chosen at random but at least 3m. from an end of the piece) a laboratory sample of length atleast 1 m and of full width, Ensure that areas: that are creased or that have a visible fault are not included in a laboratory sample, Table B.1 — Bulk sample Number of pieces in| Minimum number of pieces in shipmont or lot ‘bulk sample <3 1 41010 z 111030 3 311075 >76Copyrighted material lcensad Bureau Vertas. No futher reproduction or strbuton permits Printed / viewed ty: jeanne hoag@us buwauvertas com] @ 2013-11-11Copied material censed to Bureau Varta. No fur reprckcton 0 detibuton permit Printed / awed oy: Josrnienoagi@us bureauvartas com) @201311-11 ISO 9237:1995(E) 1s ICS 59,080.30 Descriptors: tents, fs, tests, gts permosbly tests, a Pca based on 5 pagesCopyrighted material eenaad to urea Vartas, No farther reproduction or strbton permite, Pinte! viewed ty: Jeanna hoagtDus bureauvertas com @ 2013-11-11