Mastering the Art of Literature Review: Comparing Two Organisms

Embarking on the journey of writing a literature review can often feel like navigating through a
labyrinth of scholarly works and research papers. It demands not only extensive reading but also
critical analysis, synthesis, and organization of ideas. When it comes to comparing two organisms
within the realms of scientific literature, the challenge amplifies as one delves into the complexities
of biological studies and ecological interactions.

The Daunting Task

Crafting a literature review that effectively compares two organisms involves meticulous planning
and execution. Researchers must sift through a vast array of scientific articles, journals, books, and
other scholarly resources to gather relevant information. However, the abundance of literature
available can quickly overwhelm even the most seasoned scholars, making the task of literature
review writing seem daunting.

Navigating Complexity

Comparing two organisms entails examining various aspects such as their anatomy, physiology,
behavior, habitat preferences, evolutionary history, and ecological roles. Each of these dimensions
demands comprehensive exploration within the existing body of literature. Moreover, synthesizing
contrasting viewpoints and identifying gaps in understanding requires a keen eye for detail and
critical thinking.

The Need for Expert Assistance

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navigate through the labyrinth of scientific literature effectively. This is where professional writing
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That’s why you have no more reason for fear of cyber attacks. Molecular analyses in modern
taxonomy have been used to. In fact, it is estimated that approximately 1400 pathogens can cause
human diseases. Sanger, F., Air, G. M., Barrel, B. G., Brown, N. L., Coulson, A. R., Fiddes, J. C. It’s
necessary at least to be a perfect writer, information seeker, and analyst. As an example, DAPI (49,6-
diamido-2-phenylindole) is a broad use for this purpose, as is acridine orange dye. Either they are
bound by a flexible cell membrane, or, in the case of fungi, they have a rigid cell wall with chitin, a
homopolymer of N -acetylglucosamine, typically forming the framework. We deal with standard
(MLA, APA) and custom styles. Hendrik Persoon, and Elias Magnus Fries, fungi have been
classified according to their. If your review type is absent from the service list on the order page,
choose the “Other” option. Some yeasts have beneficial uses, such as causing bread to rise and
beverages to ferment; but yeasts can also cause food to spoil. For organisms that form colonies in
solid medium plates, the technique of seeding by exhaustion is fast, easy, and the method of choice.
European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education (EJIHPE). Non-living things
It can not eat It can not drink It can not breath It can not move. As compared with other methods,
NMR can be performed in a non-invasive manner. The principle of the probe-based identification is
to obtain a double-strand hybrid as a result of binding the single stranded DNA or RNA of the
organism to a complementary sequence. Fungi have a worldwide distribution, and grow in a wide
range of habitats, including extreme. The number of laboratories now using the relevant molecular
testing is rapidly increasing, resulting in an obvious need for standardization. Accordingly, the
“polyphasic” methodology is centered on morphological and biochemical data complemented with
molecular techniques data. Oliver, S. et al. (1992), The Complete DNA Sequence of Yeast
Chromosome III. You won’t also write a literature review originally without flexible thinking and
new approaches. Comparing LC-MS with GC-MS, the temperatures necessary are lower and the
sample volatility is not mandatory, simplifying sample preparation and lowering costs. Your order
will be completed by a writing expert who is ready to evidence originality with reliable plagiarism-
checking results. Each kind has its special purpose and particularities. This fungal group is distinct
from the structurally similar. Microbiologists tin can likewise specialize in certain areas of
microbiology, such as clinical microbiology, ecology microbiology, applied microbiology, or food
microbiology. The accurate identification of microbes is essential for scientists involved in many
areas of applied research and industry which ranges from clinical microbiology to food production.
The fruit flies now on this island begin to develop interest in a particular type of fruit, a fruit that was
not abundant on the mainland. For some organisms NHGRI has sequenced many varieties, providing
critical data for understanding genetic variation. Notably, PFGE typing revealed the chronological
emergence of new types, which subsequently replaced the earlier pulsotype. 4.7. Ribotyping
Ribotyping is a method for bacterial identification and characterization that, unlike certain previously
described molecular typing methods, employs rRNA based phylogenetic analysis.
The white moths are easier for predators to spot, since they stick out more on the brown trees. The
fruiting structures of a few species contain psychotropic. An example is a hermit crab, which uses a
shell from a dead gastropod for protection. Therefore, only a small number of restriction fragments
are selectively amplified. In fact, this procedure uses vibrational, rotational, and other low-frequency
modes in the system in order to produce a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be
identified, providing complementary information to traditional spectroscopic methods, being many
times, as will be described later, advantageous to combine several spectroscopic methods together.
Therefore, in the late 20th century, molecular tools and sequence databases emerged. Although
having limitations, culture and microscopy are still two of the most utilized techniques. A great
difference was found between these two methods. In the case of the dog, DNA evidence indicates
dogs associated themselves with people before humans switched from hunting-gathering to
agriculture. ? ? It's believed the ancestors of dogs followed hunters to eat remains of carcasses. Of
these, PCR analysis revealed two samples that showed a product with the universal primers, but not
with any of the 10 species-specific primer sets tested. Analysis revealed that over the years, the
outbreak involved 15 different pulsotypes of V. The bird researchers also found gene networks
responsible for traits such as feathers and beaks. No matter how noble the goal, microbiology studies
and clinical practice must exist guided by a certain fix of upstanding principles. Therefore, the
purpose of this literature review is to provide a description of the traditional and novel methods of
identification ( Figure 1 ), as well as their strengths and limitations. 2. Methods to Identify
Microorganisms It is not possible to focus on microorganism identification without a reference to
taxonomy, as it is a common idea that “identification is a part of taxonomy”. Viruses are acellular
microorganisms that require a host to reproduce. It is anticipated that this knowledge will improve
our understanding of fundamental biological processes in extremely acidic environments and it is
hoped that it will capture usable knowledge that can be applied to bioleaching. The GC system
includes a gas supply, an injector, and a column inside an oven, coupled to the mass spectrometer.
Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Balance Medicine (JOHBM). Based on the AFLP
results, an outbreak cluster was identified with more than 90% similarity. The primers included ten
putative bacterial pathogens commonly found in root canals with necrotic pulp. The use of genetics
as a tool for bacterial identification started in 1985 with the design of PCR (polymerase chain
reaction). She has taught science courses at the high school, college, and graduate levels. As
compared with other methods, NMR can be performed in a non-invasive manner. Eukaryotes studied
in microbiology include algae, protozoa, fungi, and helminths. These methods range from relatively
simple DNA amplification-based approaches (PCR, real-time PCR, RAPD-PCR) towards more
complex methods based on restriction fragment analysis, targeted gene and whole-genome
sequencing, and mass spectrometry. Two-thirds of human genes known to be involved in cancer have
counterparts in the fruit fly. Feature papers are submitted upon individual invitation or
recommendation by the scientific editors and must receive. Hence, doing so correctly should be a
priority for all academics. In most research areas literature reviews are in high demand. International
Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH).
They contain no genetic textile and are equanimous solely of a type of abnormal protein. The
accurate identification of microbes is essential for scientists involved in many areas of applied
research and industry which ranges from clinical microbiology to food production. Some yeasts have
beneficial uses, such as causing bread to rise and beverages to ferment; but yeasts can also cause
food to spoil. Additionally, FISH technique can be used to measure the gene expression of the
organisms present in a natural sample. Other examples of aquatic fungi include those living in
hydrothermal. For example, bacteriology is the study of bacteria; mycology is the written report of
fungi; protozoology is the study of protozoa; parasitology is the study of helminths and other
parasites; and virology is the study of viruses (Figure 10). That’s right, we need: Food Shelter Water
and Air (Oxygen). As with conventional PCR, RT-PCR also has wide applications within research
laboratories as well as in the clinic. Several methods were shown to be useful to determine
isogenicity among C. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH).
An electroencephalogram (EEG) of her brain function is also aberrant. Even if this written report had
led to a life-saving medical breakthrough (it did not), few would argue that its methods were
ethically sound or morally justifiable. Detection of pathogenic bacteria and viruses using Chips is
possible by recurring small sample volumes with great sensitivity, and it has huge applicability in
food safety control, environmental monitoring, and clinical diagnosis. Eukaryotic Microorganisms
The domain Eukarya contains all eukaryotes, including uni- or multicellular eukaryotes such as
protists, fungi, plants, and animals. One of these methods, with great developments in several areas
of microbiology, is the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Figure four. Assorted
diatoms, a kind of algae, live in annual sea ice in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Your roommate says,
“Wow, maybe viruses can be used to kill the bacteria that infect people. Giant Tortoise of the
Galapagos Galapagos iguanas have evolved long claws which help them maintain their grip on
slippery rocks while searching for food. This type of reaction may be difficult to read and always
involves a minimum of an overnight incubation. February 15, 2024 Advanced Statistical Methods in
Meta-analysis: Enhancing Accuracy, Reliability, and Insights February 12, 2024 Inventions in
Medical Therapeutics: There’s a World of Possibilities February 1, 2024. Bacteria belong to the
prokaryote kingdom, fungi (yeasts and molds) belong to the kingdom of fungi, and protozoa are
members of the kingdom of protists. A virologist samples eggs from this nest to be tested for the
influenza A virus, which causes avian influenza in birds. (credit: U.Southward. Fish and Wild
animals Service) Microbiology as a Discipline Microbiology is a broad term that encompasses the
report of all different types of microorganisms. But in practice, microbiologists tend to specialize in
one of several subfields. In another study, real-time PCR assay demonstrated to rapidly detect,
identify, and quantify Candida spp. Biochemical and Modern Identification Techniques:
Enterobacteriaceae, Coliforms, and Escherichia coli. Microbiologists typically specialize in i of many
subfields, but all health professionals demand a solid foundation in clinical microbiology. All articles
published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No
special. Since we are aware of it, writing specialists complete every review from scratch. You’re
guaranteed smooth cooperation with a writing service expert who matches the requirements for your
literature review. Beneden initially applied the word to describe the activity of carcass-eating animals
that followed predators to eat their waste food. ThoughtCo is part of the Dotdash Meredith
publishing family.
Evidence Reply A pathogen is a disease-causing microorganism. Subjects of the study included
Guatemalan soldiers, prisoners, prostitutes, and psychiatric patients—none of whom were informed
that they were taking role in the report. Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications
(JLPEA). A previously unknown betacoronavirus was discovered from patients with pneumonia by
using objective sequencing in the samples. Scientists disagree on whether microbiota is truly a type
of commensalism. RAPD afforded diverse profiles for both primers M2 and P4. Some multicellular
fungi, such as mushrooms, resemble plants, but they are really quite dissimilar. The color differences
in the pool event from the different communities of microbes that are able to thrive at various water
temperatures. Books Articles Subdisciplines Open Access Resources How do I Toggle Dropdown
Annotated Bibliography Writing a Literature Review Writing in the Sciences Citing Your Work
Toggle Dropdown Citation Makers and Managers After Graduation Health Biology literature review
example Librarian. Also, our service specializing in writing your literature review includes a
complete list of literature. It is important to note that for the purpose of primer and probe design,
ribotyping requires some prior knowledge of the genome sequence under study. The use of this
technique to evaluate microorganisms as biological systems results in a very complex spectrum with
the overlapping absorption bands of the principal compounds. Another one-step, multiplex PCR to
detect and identify Candida spp. I was initially skeptical and doubtful that the work could be done
as requested. For example, bacteriology is the study of bacteria; mycology is the written report of
fungi; protozoology is the study of protozoa; parasitology is the study of helminths and other
parasites; and virology is the study of viruses (Figure 10). Methods used in the area of microorganism
identification. CE has deficient sensitivity related to the small sample volumes, particularly when
attached to MS, has a restricted quantity of accessible commercial libraries, and reduced retention
time reproducibility. The standard method involves PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene,
followed by sequencing and comparison to known databases for identification. Similar bacteria,
archaea are found in virtually every habitat on earth, fifty-fifty farthermost environments that are
very cold, very hot, very basic, or very acidic (Effigy 3). Poor water hygiene can be a cause of 1.7
million deaths a year worldwide, and nine of 10 deaths are in children and virtually all of the deaths
are in developing countries. Sexual reproduction- cells from 2 different parents unite to form the first
cell of the new organism Asexual reproduction- new organism is formed from a single parent. All
articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license.
No special. These are but two examples of life-and-death decisions that may intersect with the
religious and philosophical beliefs of both the patient and the health-intendance professional. FISH
technology can also use various phylogenetic probes. Writing service experts are ready to make it,
considering the peculiarities of your educational stage. College-level literature review help is at your
disposal. In this textbook, nosotros are primarily concerned with clinical applications of
microbiology, but since the diverse subfields of microbiology are highly interrelated, we will often
hash out applications that are not strictly clinical. Darwin studied the varying beak shapes among the
13 different species of finches on the Galapagos Island. Mycobacterium leprae, is an infectious
disease that has destroyed human. Precisely which protein is produced by any given gene is
determined by the sequence in which four building blocks - adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C)
and guanine (G) - are laid out along DNA's twisted, double-helix structure.
These include the rat, puffer fish, fruit fly, sea squirt, roundworm, and the bacterium Escherichia
coli. Giant Tortoise of the Galapagos Galapagos iguanas have evolved long claws which help them
maintain their grip on slippery rocks while searching for food. Franco-Duarte, Ricardo, Lucia
Cernakova, Snehal Kadam, Karishma S. Numerous types of antibiotics have been not only used for
therapeutic purposes for decades but have been used prophylactically across other fields such as
livestock and animal husbandry. Therefore, the literature review as a method of research is more
relevant than ever. The bird researchers also found gene networks responsible for traits such as
feathers and beaks. Restriction endonuclease analysis of mtDNAs from 19 isolates representing
seven Candida spp. For example, the chromosomal DNAs of eight Candida spp. In research
laboratories, PCR-based identification is a straightforward procedure with reliable results. However,
in modern taxonomy the Protista are understood to be. The inverted optical microscope with laser
tweezers can also be used. Where would a virus, bacterium, fauna cell, and a prion vest on this chart.
Some concerns which have to be considered when choosing HPLC for microbial detection are that
the equipment is expensive and it demands complex maintenance procedures, and therefore some
caution is advisable for an adequate interpretation of results. Based on the AFLP results, an outbreak
cluster was identified with more than 90% similarity. Commensalism is a type of relationship
between two living organisms in which one organism benefits from the other without harming it.
Other regions of the infrared spectrum can be used in combination with spectroscopy to analyze
microbial diversity. Which of the following is a type of fungal microorganism. Still, these worms fall
within the field of microbiology considering diseases caused by helminths involve microscopic eggs
and larvae. Bioethics in Microbiology In the 1940s, the U.S. government was looking for a solution
to a medical trouble: the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among soldiers. The
banding pattern revealed 41 different PCR-ribotypes with high reproducibility and discriminatory
power. Your roommate says, “Wow, maybe viruses can be used to kill the bacteria that infect people.
The detector creates a signal proportional to the quantity of sample component in the column and the
digital microprocessor controls the instrument providing data analysis. By taking advantage of - and
analyzing- the evolutionary relationships between species and the corresponding differences in their
DNA, scientists can better understand how the appearance, behavior and biology of living things
have changed over time. Comparative genomics between two strains of Acidthiobacillus
ferrooxidans highlights the importance of lateral gene transfer in increasing genetic and metabolic
potential and suggests that classical molecular DNA techniques, such as rDNA typing, significantly
underestimate the microbial diversity of bioleaching heaps. Molds are found in many unlike
environments, from soil to rotting nutrient to dank bathroom corners. Scientific research support
services offer the medical analysis data that are related to research work. There's often debate about
whether a particular relationship is an example of commensalism or another type of interaction. As
the relationship changed, so did the characteristics of dogs. As in RAPD, these different fragments
are separated by agarose gel electrophoresis to generate a unique pattern of bands for each bacterial
strain. The number of laboratories now using the relevant molecular testing is rapidly increasing,
resulting in an obvious need for standardization.
Such implementation seems to have great potential for the future. The detector creates a signal
proportional to the quantity of sample component in the column and the digital microprocessor
controls the instrument providing data analysis. DNA encoding proteins for which there has been no
interest so far when there are so. The ExoGRAVITY project - observations of exoplanets from the
ground with opti. Oliver, S. (1996), A Network Approach to the Systematic Analysis of Yeast. Some
archaea live in the homo torso, but none have been shown to be homo pathogens. Figure 3. Some
archaea alive in farthermost environments, such every bit the Morning Celebrity pool, a hot jump in
Yellowstone National Park. The main advantage of these types of techniques which focus on
electrokinetics is the possibility to exploit several microbial parameters, such as size, shapes, and
charges, which are very advantageous to their separation and identification. The use of genetics as a
tool for bacterial identification started in 1985 with the design of PCR (polymerase chain reaction).
Advances in Chemical and Biological Methods to Identify Microorganisms—From Past to Present.
Furthermore, viruses must replicate within host cells because, as mentioned previously, they lack
protein-synthesizing and energy-generating systems. With the exception of rickettsiae and
chlamydiae, which also require living host cells for growth, bacteria can replicate extracellularly.
Furthermore, direct evidence for meiotic recombination, indicative of sex, was also found in G. Most
bacteria were classified under Monera; however, Cyanobacteria (often called the. In addition, the
distinct SNPs in isolates from patient two and three also indicated two separate direct transmission
events from patient one, rather than linear transmission from patient one to patient two to patient
three. By taking advantage of - and analyzing- the evolutionary relationships between species and the
corresponding differences in their DNA, scientists can better understand how the appearance,
behavior and biology of living things have changed over time. You’re guaranteed smooth
cooperation with a writing service expert who matches the requirements for your literature review.
Some yeasts have beneficial uses, such as causing bread to rise and beverages to ferment; but yeasts
can also cause food to spoil. A great difference was found between these two methods. In 1835,
Charles Darwin, a naturalist, set out on a ship called the Beagle, to study the animals and plants on
the Galapagos Islands Darwin was interested in the laws of life. Domestic dogs, cats, and other
animals appear to have started out with commensal relationships with humans. Select the plagiarism
report if you feel you need it to prove the service quality. Conserved sequences DNA in Candida
spp., however different from Aspergillus spp. Kaushik K, Salehi B, Bevilacqua A, Corbo MR,
Antolak H, Dybka-Stepien K, Leszczewicz M. Kaushik, Bahare Salehi, Antonio Bevilacqua, Maria
Rosaria Corbo, Hubert Antolak, Katarzyna Dybka-Stepien, Martyna Leszczewicz. Development of
knowledge within the field of business research is growing at a tremendous pace while remaining
fragmented and interdisciplinary at the same time. Alternatively, ITS-rDNA region (ITS1-
5.8SrDNA-ITS2) was amplified by PCR using universal primers and the products were digested
with MspI for identification of 360 clinical yeast strains from nail infection. Analysis revealed that
over the years, the outbreak involved 15 different pulsotypes of V. Journal of Otorhinolaryngology,
Hearing and Balance Medicine (JOHBM). Microbes inside the domains Bacteria and Archaea are all
prokaryotes (their cells lack a nucleus), whereas microbes in the domain Eukarya are eukaryotes
(their cells accept a nucleus). Whether you need to write a literature review in a day or a month,
you’ll receive it without the slightest delay. First, here a wide variety of disciplines are on offer.
This spectrum is then compared to an existing database, resulting in its identification by an
automated program. Most bacteria were classified under Monera; however, Cyanobacteria (often
called the. Similarly, quantitative PCR assays to determine the relative Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
load in lungs from infected mice were also developed. Infection typically occurs after a person
drinks water containing water fleas infected by guinea-worm larvae. Studies of dogs with sleep
problems have revealed genes and pathways - and potential drug targets - to treat sleep problems.
Her CJD diagnosis is confirmed with a brain autopsy. Giant Tortoise of the Galapagos Galapagos
iguanas have evolved long claws which help them maintain their grip on slippery rocks while
searching for food. Such implementation seems to have great potential for the future. Additionally,
with the use of second derivatives it is possible to promote a clear separation of the absorption
components, thus helping to understand their variations throughout the biological process under
study. The number of laboratories now using the relevant molecular testing is rapidly increasing,
resulting in an obvious need for standardization. The mouse ENCODE Consortium demonstrated
that, in general, the systems that are used to control gene activity have many similarities in mice and
humans. Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials, 15(1), 33. Ph.D., Biomedical Sciences,
University of Tennessee at Knoxville. Most producers use the sun’s energy to make food
(photosynthesis). The standard method involves PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene, followed
by sequencing and comparison to known databases for identification. Many protists are flagellate,
for example, and filter feeding can take place where the flagella find. In the recent past due to some
limitations found, some caution was advised by some authors when using these methods, suggesting
a careful validation of each procedure before its use. Feature papers represent the most advanced
research with significant potential for high impact in the field. A Feature. How are viruses dissimilar
from other microorganisms? Effigy 10. In comparison with GC and LC, it includes better separation
efficiencies, the use of very little sample volumes, speed, small reagent costs, and the possibility to
separate cations, anions and uncharged molecules in a single run. By using OPE-18, OPE-04, and
OPA-18, RAPD enabled a direct association of the most frequent Candida spp.(characteristic
molecular fingerprint). Feel free to ask questions or share additional instructions. Microscopy images
enable analysis of shape, tracking of motion, and classification of biological objects. More rapidly
evolved regions are internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2 (ITS1 and ITS2, respectively) and thus they
may vary among various species within a genus. This means we'll keep fixing the work until the
supervisor approves it. Writing service experts are ready to make it, considering the peculiarities of
your educational stage. For example, regarding the name of the well-known bacteria Escherichia coli,
Escherichia is the genus and coli is the species name. The PCI DSS standard protects quick and
smooth transactions. For more information on the journal statistics, click here. It pinpoints genes that
are essential to life and highlights genomic signals that control gene function across many species.