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These treatments, however, are time consuming and in some cases the patients do not show
significant improvement. DBS attenuated an increase in low-frequency activity seen after
presentation of symptom-provoking stimuli. When you procrastinate, literature review becomes a
heavy, nagging weight. It's frank about what to expect during treatment, but doesn't go too far into
the treatment process other than to recommend solid ways of treating it. That is, by citing something,
you show that it furthered your project. If so, the therapist should agree, and in the spirit of positive
psychology (Seligman et al., 2006) explain the following: We are not certain about the ability of a
thought or a ritual to make a change in the world, but we are positive that it brings about a great
change within an individual person. Few studies have attempted to truly predict behavior from EEG
features ( 41, 50, 56 ), instead reporting descriptive associations between EEG features and clinical
change. One can learn more about this illness through education. Neurocortical electrical activity
tomography in chronic schizophrenics. What is currently known about obsessive-compulsive disorder
is that it is basically consisting of two functions: there is an obsession (or obsessions), and a
compulsion (or compulsions). Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, or as we commonly know it, OCD.
You feel worn out. And you’ve neglected other responsibilities for too long. But studies also indicate
that the patient dropouts are found less in EBT than in CBT. Having a random repugnant sexual
thought is interpreted to mean that they are sick or weird. National Institute for Health and Clinical
Excellence. Tompkins provides a list of questions to ask prospective therapists. For a long time,
people worry a lot about their parents dying, because they depend on them financially until they
finish school and can get a job. However, small effect sizes of these functional and anatomical
abnormalities prevent clinically actionable practices, and even if more robust findings were
identified, these imaging and analytic methodologies are impractical in most clinical settings. For
example, Dohrmann et al. ( 50 ) used arousal regulation and CNS wakefulness stages to predict OCD
treatment response. Here’s what I recommend: Use the note-taking template as you would for any
other article. Today, let's delve into the intricate realm of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
with Apna Psychologist by our side. As one can see, these “compulsions” go far beyond just
worrying about simple bad luck. Well, you can cite an article for five different reasons. There are
solid recommendations, good notes on what happens with OCD, and a few ways for people to check
on whether they actually have it. Metabolic and perfusion studies (FDG-PET, SPECT) FDG-PET
demonstrates changes in metabolism within CSTC circuits and elsewhere. Medication doesn't work
with Hoarding ocd nearly as well as it does for other types of ocd. The objective of this case study
was to reaffirm the efficacy of Fear-Stimuli Identification Therapy (FSIT). And many PhDs still find
these sections difficult to understand. While this group gathered neuroimaging data before and after
CBT, they reported no significant change in fMRI-based connectivity as a function of OCD
symptom measurements. 41. This resource hasn't been reviewed yet To ensure quality for our
reviews, only customers who have downloaded this resource can review it Report this resource to let
us know if it violates our terms and conditions.
Nevertheless, adults and children with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are being controlled by
these same fears. Effects of noise letters upon the identification of a target letter in a nonsearch task.
A slow-and-steady pace often clashes with our tendencies. I call these the five literature review
objectives. Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. New
chapters may extend an existing direction, or blaze an entirely new path. They can take any form and
disturb the patient at any point in his or her day, thus ultimately disrupting the patient’s day and
causing havoc. So be encouraged! You’ve traded your old ways for better goals, tools, and rhythms.
These strategies will help you finish your literature review as painlessly as possible. ApEn is the
quantification of how unpredictable a pattern of fluctuations is in a time series ( 48, 49 ). When
subjects make an error, correlates are observed in a fronto-central event-related potential (ERP), a
time-locked pattern of brain activity ( 26 ). Having a thought cross their mind about harming
someone must mean that they are evil and disgusting. I was really grateful that so much was covered
as when I open up to people about my OCD it's often met with comments about hand washing,
which I do not do and is frankly a really distressing point because it's why it took me so long to get a
diagnosis. And each set of notes is organized a bit differently. Neurocortical electrical activity
tomography in chronic schizophrenics. Lack of improvement following several steroid injections into
the hip joint and lumbar spine lead the patient to seek further referral. Introduction to Quantitative
EEG and Neurofeedback: Advanced Theory and Applications, 2nd Edn. Even well-written, high-
quality research has limitations. Participants must then rapidly indicate which they see. It generally
starts from preschool age to adulthood (before the age of 40). See other similar resources ?0.00 (no
rating) 0 reviews Download Save for later Not quite what you were looking for. A systematic review
and meta-analysis of studies published 1993-2014. Thus, more work is needed to characterize the
relationship of the P300 to OCD treatment response. That is, by citing something, you show that it
furthered your project. And you learned to use those notes to help you find a research gap. Once
OCD begins there are certain thoughts or events that keep it reccurring. The genes responsible for
psychiatric disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and anxiety
disorders including OCD have been identified and their variations have also been measured. Future
studies should incorporate a systematic, analytical approach to testing objective correlates of
treatment response to better understand neurophysiological mechanisms of dysfunction. Resume
Strategy. Objective: Learn to think strategically about your resume. CSTC: Caudate: OCD symptom
reduction correlated with decreased metabolic activity. 3 14 15 but see 12 ( figure 2A, table 1 ) OFC
and ACC: therapeutic effect correlated with decreased metabolism bilaterally. 5 7. It has also been
found out those children with Obsessive Compulsive disorder have a low confidence level as
compared to children without OCD.
Some of the examples of Obsessive-compulsive disorder are fear of germs, fear of going outside and
even the fear of the unknown. It is not necessarily related to stress or even a psychological conflict,
but it is seen in all types of personality. Some people must check that the lights are turned off in their
room before leaving. Bundle OCD lessons AQA Psychology All my resources on OCD for new
AQA Spec. The ?rst step is to identify the positive meaning of obsessive thoughts. For example,
Dohrmann et al. ( 50 ) used arousal regulation and CNS wakefulness stages to predict OCD
treatment response. And maybe there’s a sale on boxed wine that you must, of course, indulge.
Anytime I review a new article, I start with this template and refer to it as I skim. The severity of the
disorder is present in a wide range and many individuals experience moderate to severe symptoms
(Greenberg, 2011). Several brain regions have been implicated in the pathophysiology of OCD, but
their various contributions remain unclear. The descriptive epidemiology of obsessive-compulsive
disorder. When you put it that way, you sound like a hoarder. It is difficult to determine where in the
brain the observed electrophysiological activity originates ( 51 ). Frontal EEG alpha activity and
obsessive-compulsive behaviors in non-clinical young adults: a pilot study. There are a variety of
cognitive and behavioral strategies, and it is necessary to analyze the outcomes of the treatments.
One must admit that one is not necessarily there yet, but one is trying. For example, thoughts about
contamination are reframed as the urge to remain healthy, and thoughts about accidentally hurting
others while walking or driving are reframed as the aspiration to keep others safe. Maybe they
insinuated that good researchers constantly read the literature, ever honing their wisdom. Download
Free PDF View PDF Clinical phenomenology of OCD: A study from Kashmir Majidshafi Shah,
Fazle Roub Obsessive Compulsive Disorder is a chronic and disabling psychiatric disorder
characterized by recurrent intrusive thoughts, images and impulses known as obsessions which are
usually accompanied by repetitive acts or behaviors known as compulsions. Most of the fight is
centered around living in the here and now, and trying not to focus on the months and years ahead,
which is all so inevitable. Overall, the literature examining associations between EEG measures of
brain organization and OCD treatment outcomes is sparse, and more research is needed. Abandon
this idea. Think of the literature, rather, as a collaborative book-writing project. Not quickly. Not
easily. At least, that’s what you answered if your notes are anything like mine. Even well-written,
high-quality research has limitations. Although EEG has lower spatial resolution, it measures
qualitatively different characteristics of brain function, including oscillatory organization, and has a
temporal resolution measured in milliseconds ( 20 ). Low-resolution electromagnetic tomography
and treatment response in obsessive-compulsive disorder. OCD, since is a chronic illness, it is treated
most effectively with medications and psychotherapy. Those undiscovered exemplary articles will
continue to lure you. Your field’s literature—the haphazard, collaborative book that describes your
field’s ongoing research—is full of gaps. The objective of this case study was to reaffirm the
efficacy of Fear-Stimuli Identification Therapy (FSIT).
Whatever that thing is upon which the patient is focusing so intently, that is the obsession which is
problematic for the patient. Fear Stimuli Identification Therapy (FSIT) was used as therapeutic tool.
Thus, OCD symptoms mainly occur due to impairment in the inhibition of specific orbitofrontal-
subcortical circuitry that are involved in the regulation of autonomic responses and strong emotions.
If your notes have the same shortcomings, then you’re doing it wrong. Research gaps cover broad
portions of the literature. DSM-IV uses a five-axis model for the diagnosis and treatment options.
Lastly, we recommend including a control group for comparison to better identify whether the
underlying mechanisms of action resulting in change are due to a reversal in pathology towards
normalcy or a compensatory pathway to mitigate existing pathology. Thus, more work is needed to
characterize the relationship of the P300 to OCD treatment response. But they also suffer
weaknesses, embrace underdeveloped ideas, and pursue unproven directions. Prediction of treatment
outcome in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder with low-resolution brain electromagnetic
tomography: a prospective EEG study. By glancing back and forth between the article and your
notes, you’ll navigate the article quickly. A cross-country study on the prevalence of ocd in an adult's
lifetime revealed lifetime prevalence in Canada was 2. Today’s cutting edge is tomorrow’s
foundational knowledge—or maybe its embarrassing blunder. A neural system for error detection and
compensation. I’m also not so sure that getting a proper OCD diagnosis is as difficult as Tompkins
says. Stimulation was also found to reduce metabolic activity in the caudate nucleus. Three cases
occurred in the lumbar spine and two have been reported in the cervical spine. Psychophysiological
and clinical value of event-related potentials in obsessive-compulsive disorder. There is no editor.
Anyone can contribute a chapter. Our customer service team will review your report and will be in
touch. ?5.00 (no rating) 0 reviews BUY NOW Save for later ?5.00 (no rating) 0 reviews BUY NOW
Save for later Last updated 16 February 2022 Share this Share through email Share through twitter
Share through linkedin Share through facebook Share through pinterest AQA Psychology A level
(new 2015 Specification) Shop 4.27 81 reviews Not the right resource. There is also some evidence
of different patterns of brain activation to several visual stimuli related to the obsessive or
compulsive object in the clinical subtypes, as shown by functional magnetic resonance image in some
regions of the frontal lobe, either dorsolateral, medial or basal and its connections with the basal
ganglia, and in some cases thalamus or limbic system. He alleviates potential fears of treatment and
taking medications by explaining the therapeutic and medical offerings available and even evaluates
them so readers know which ones to look for and which to avoid. Electrophysiology Extensive
imaging and electrophysiological tools are at our disposal today. At follow-up, when compared to
baseline, responders showed lower resting-state activity in beta 1 and 3 bands, as well as the alpha 2
band localized in the orbito-frontal cortex. Other regions showed changes not correlated with Y-
BOCS: decreased metabolism in bilateral caudate, medial dorsal thalamus, and right cerebellar
tonsil, and increased metabolism in precentral and superior temporal gyri. 47. In fact, rather than
navigate these old notes, it’s often easier for me to simply read the original article. This is 100%
legal. You may not submit downloaded papers as your own, that is cheating. Also you. Large
structural neuroimaging studies have described various abnormalities in OCD patients, including
increased globus pallidus volume, reduced cortical thickness in the inferior parietal cortex, and lower
surface area of the transverse temporal cortex ( 10 ). Step 2: Critique Multiple Articles You cannot
find a research gap by critiquing individual articles alone. Together, these studies suggest that beta
power in the anterior cingulate is a candidate predictor of treatment response in OCD.
The opening of the thesis report consists of the definition of an Obsessive-compulsive disorder
(OCD) and Theoretical Perspectives on OCD. The CRN is the corresponding response, typically of
lower amplitude, after a correct response ( 29 ). People who have obsessive- compulsive disorder do
the same things over and over again to make the thoughts go away and the repeated actions are
called compulsion. Psychophysiological and clinical value of event-related potentials in obsessive-
compulsive disorder. When comparing treatment responders to non-responders, responders had less
complex neural patterns at baseline and spent significantly less time at the highest CNS arousal
stage. You want to check it off your to-do list ASAP so you can put it behind you. The present
review seeks to summarize the limited body of literature focused on the EEG correlates and
predictors of treatment response in OCD. Hopefully, they will be able to continue to lead fulfilled
and productive lives in spite of their circumstances. This review finds that several other limbic
regions (PCC and MTL) share these features. Reintroduction into normal society, especially after the
patient experiences hospitalization, will be difficult. It’s succinct. It’s instructive. And it aligns with
the five literature review objectives. Having OCD is a personal problem that can Challenger people
to perform at higher levels, since they must strive to do what most normal people do: get up in the
morning, get dressed, etc. In other words, this student’s mental attitude was one of perseverance,
and that is a strategy that one must learn to adopt if one is to win this mental battle against OCD.
Few studies have attempted to truly predict behavior from EEG features ( 41, 50, 56 ), instead
reporting descriptive associations between EEG features and clinical change. Then once a week or
so, sit down with your Literature Synopsis. Curate it. And scrutinize your collection of the
literature’s shortcomings. We yearn to read each article from start-to-finish. The pain radiated in a
right L5 distribution with constant parasthesia described as an “electric” sensation. Surgical
interventions such as stereoelectroencephalography (sEEG) to monitor seizures in epilepsy patients
allows us to access the brain with incredible resolution. Today’s cutting edge is tomorrow’s
foundational knowledge—or maybe its embarrassing blunder. LORETA uses signals measured at
surface electrodes to infer the distribution of current source density through the full brain volume (
55 ). He also evaluates the pros and cons of attempting other medical treatments (i.e. brain surgery) in
the event that regular treatments are ineffective. But studies also indicate that the patient dropouts
are found less in EBT than in CBT. Other regions: Increased activation in the left thalamus and the
right insula were correlated with reduction in Y-BOCS, but increased activation in hippocampus was
not correlated with symptom change. It is one thing to tell a patient that he or she is not going to
have a normal life, but it is a far different thing to tell a patient that he is going to have to manage his
or her illness the rest of his or her life. Fear Stimuli Identification Therapy (FSIT) was used as
therapeutic tool. Then list your most important criticisms. And drop those criticisms at the end of the
note-taking template, in the Impressions section. Some people retrace their steps until things “feel
right.” Some people have a compulsion with hand-washing, and must rub their skin clean until it is
red and smarting. I highly recommend it to anyone whose life has been touched by OCD. 2 likes
Like Comment Mary Lou 1,018 reviews 21 followers July 30, 2016 I picked this up at the library
because I've always been intrigued by OCD and it seemed like a quick read that might give me an
overview. This, in turn, helps you build even more deep, practical knowledge, which again makes it
easier to review the literature. If there is some malfunction there, it stands to reap the negative
effects.
Further investigation is certainly warranted as the use of MRI will be central to understanding the
pathophysiology of severe, treatment-refractory OCD. Electrophysiology of obsessive compulsive
disorder: a systematic review of the electroencephalographic literature. To browse Academia.edu and
the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser.
There is always more to skim, more to note, and more to consider. Other regions: Increased
activation in the left thalamus and the right insula were correlated with reduction in Y-BOCS, but
increased activation in hippocampus was not correlated with symptom change. Summary of
metabolic changes in regions of interest (ACC, caudate, OFC, PFC and thalamus) measured with
PET following interventions with (A) pharmacotherapy, (B) CBT, (C) lesions, (D) DBS and (E)
TMS. Anatomy call-outs indicate the number of studies reporting increases (red), no change on
purposive measurement (grey arrows and boxes) or decreases (blue). These postoperative changes
were interpreted to reflect connectional diaschisis, such that the procedure served to disconnect the
DLPFC and lateral temporal lobe from hyperactive paraterminal gyri. I appreciate the
acknowledgements of how hard it is to find treatment, especially if you’re not in a metro area, and
how often misdiagnosis happens. Let’s build some solidarity and whine about what makes the
literature so painful to begin with. Metabolic and perfusion studies (FDG-PET, SPECT) FDG-PET
demonstrates changes in metabolism within CSTC circuits and elsewhere. Psychological and
psychosocial interventions for OCD that are developed to address these needs of the sufferers of
OCD are derived from various biological, psychological and social theories. People who have
obsessive- compulsive disorder do the same things over and over again to make the thoughts go
away and the repeated actions are called compulsion. Three cases occurred in the lumbar spine and
two have been reported in the cervical spine. That naive position has two problems. First, every
study has its shortcomings. Through this book I was able to see how much OCD has impacted my
life. As such, EEG is sensitive to neural synchronization and periodicity at time-scales commensurate
with real-world perceptual and cognitive processing. But maybe you want a project that’s a bit more
innovative. Homework: Answer the following questions for explanations for OCD. Upload Read for
free FAQ and support Language (EN) Sign in Skip carousel Carousel Previous Carousel Next What
is Scribd. They can take any form and disturb the patient at any point in his or her day, thus
ultimately disrupting the patient’s day and causing havoc. It is harder still to have OCD and go to
work or attend school. Here’s what I recommend: Use the note-taking template as you would for any
other article. Early studies did not provide coordinates of observed changes. Low-resolution
electromagnetic tomography and treatment response in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Once these
criteria are met, it’s time to for the literature review phase to end. Variety of activities included from
case studies, exam questions, powerpoints, match tasks, card sorts, video links, ?38.00 Reviews
Select overall rating (no rating) Your rating is required to reflect your happiness. The patient is
repeatedly exposed to the feared subject, usually the most fearful stimulus first. A high ApEn value
indicates a more random system; a low value indicates a system with more predictable patterns.
Some people retrace their steps until things “feel right.” Some people have a compulsion with hand-
washing, and must rub their skin clean until it is red and smarting. Many studies suggest that EBT is
not effective and beneficial as CBT.
In this task, repetitive sounds are infrequently interrupted by a variant sound to which the participant
must respond. If we exclude it from our notes, how will we ever find it again. Compulsive behaviour
(MOCI) and obsessive fear (ADS) were the outcome measures. Indeed, in one treatment study,
individuals with OCD had increased P300 amplitude at baseline compared to healthy controls ( 35 ).
The usual primary step in this treatment by making the patient to record the occurrences of
obsessional thoughts and associated events by keeping a daily diary. It is difficult to determine where
in the brain the observed electrophysiological activity originates ( 51 ). Competing interests KB
reports a patent pending unrelated to the submitted work. In this task, participants are shown stimuli
with patterns that are congruent (a row of arrows pointing in the same direction), incongruent (a row
of arrows, all but one pointing in the same direction), or neutral (one arrow presented). That is, by
citing something, you show that it furthered your project. But maybe you want a project that’s a bit
more innovative. Tompkins begins with a clinical definition of OCD and how it differs from other
mental illnesses and from the more common usage of the word obsession, meaning to enjoy very
much. After a few of these curating sessions, you’ll refine your scattered critiques into a handful of
succinct, piercing weaknesses. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. And you’ll
design a project to answer that research question. After the client agrees, it is possible to proceed to
the third step: the positive ritual is implanted and anchored in a hypnotic trance. Let us write or edit
the research paper on your topic. Effects of noise letters upon the identification of a target letter in a
nonsearch task. The aim of the present study is to verify the effectiveness of a treatment that
combines evidence-based procedures and specific cognitive interventions highlighting the issue of
acceptance. And, hopefully, what is known about OCD, what can be learned, and how OCD can be
changed in the foray of the political and social arenas, will help us in our quest to learn more about
this illness in order to help others. As such, identifying actionable associations with treatment
outcome is critical. Results Our results are organised by treatment and subsequently by imaging
modality. Obsessive Compulsive disorder Introduction Obsessive compulsive disorder or OCD is a
common, but often unrecognized psychological condition that is associated with distress and also
impairment of the functioning of the individual. Now you just need to apply these tools and review
some actual articles. The only thing worse than bad writing is lots of bad writing. And your half-done
literature review won’t advance your project as effectively as it should. Have you ever gone to the
grocery store without a list. If there is some malfunction there, it stands to reap the negative effects.
Across disciplines, you can usually find the same information from the same places in the same
IMRaD sections. Yet hypnosis and hypnotherapy textbooks have only minimally addressed the
treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients. You are seriously underestimating the
value of a note-taking template. I know. You probably think the way you take notes now is just fine.