Combinepdf 15

WebApp: XML-based Web Application
1
XSLT (XML Stylesheet Language Transformation)
XSLT (XML Stylesheet Language

Transformation)
This module will discuss another XML-related technology; XSLT. Just like
XPath, it can also extend the function of XML. XSLT is mainly used for
transforming XML documents. This module covers the basics of XSLT and
how it transforms an XML document.
Upon completion of this module, the students should be able to:
1. Define what is XSLT
2. Discuss the purpose of XSLT
3. Identify the syntax of XSLT
What is XSLT?
XSLT Defined
XSLT stands for eXtended Stylesheet Transformation. XSLT is a language
used to transform XML documents into other XML documents, XHTML file, or
any other XML document formats.
Below is an Example of an XML Document
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="transform.xsl"?>
<cinema>
<movie genre="horror">
<title lang="en">House in the Woods</title>
<director>Dan Morgan</director>
<year>2007</year>
</movie>
<movie genre="action">
<title lang="en">A time to Fight</title>
<director>Jake Johnson</director>
<year>1966</year>
</movie>
<movie genre="comedy">
<title lang="en">The adventures of Earl</title>
<director>Sam Clover</director>
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<year>1975</year>
<price>49.99</price>
</movie>
<movie genre="drama">
<title lang="en">She loves me</title>
<director>Erik T. Ray</director>
<year>2003</year>
<price>39.95</price>
</movie>
</cinema>
The output of the XML document above is:
If we apply the XSLT Below:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"
xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
<xsl:template match="/">
<html>
<body>
<h2>Cinema</h2>
<table border="1">
3
<tr bgcolor="cyan">
<th style="text-align:left">Movie Title</th>
<th style="text-align:left">Director</th>
</tr>
<xsl:for-each select="cinema/movie">
<tr>
<td><xsl:value-of select="title"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="director"/></td>
</tr>
</xsl:for-each>
</table>
</body>
</html>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
The output is:
XPath and XSLT

XPath is use in XSLT to select the parts of an XML document.
Namespace and XSLT
XSLT uses namespace on its document.
W3C Recommended
XSLT is W3C Recommended.
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Purpose of XSLT
XSLT uses XPath to navigate through XML documents and to define parts of
the source document that should match one or more predefined templates.
XSLT will transform the matching part of the source document into the result
document when a match is found.
XSLT has its own processor. An XSLT stylesheet is applied on XML documents
to produce a new format.
Figure 1: XSLT transformation Process

Source: http://www.techrepublic.com/article/introduction-to-xslt/
XSLT Syntax
Declaration
In declaring XSLT documents, we can use the
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
Or
<xsl:transform version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
These two ways of declaring an XSLT documents are interchangeable,

meaning you can use any of the two.
Elements and attributes
1. The <xsl:template> element/tag
This element is used to build templates.
2. The <xsl:value-of> element/tag
This element can be used to extract the value of an XML element and add it to
the output stream of the transformation
3. The match attribute
This is used to associate a template with an XML element. The match
attribute can also be used to define a template for the entire XML document.
4. The select attribute
This contains an XPath expression.
5. The <xsl:for-each> element/tag
This element can be used to select every XML element of a specified node-set
5
6. The <xsl:sort> element tag

This element is used to sort the output.
7. The <xsl:if> element/tag
This element is used to put a conditional test against the content of the XML
file.
8. The <xsl:choose> element/tag
This element is used in conjunction with <xsl:when> and
<xsl:otherwise> to express multiple conditional tests.
More examples about the syntax of XSLT are discussed on Video007.
Glossary
XSLT: This stands for eXtended Stylesheet Transformation. XSLT is a
language used to transform XML documents into other XML documents
References and Supplementary Materials

Books and Journals
Goldberg, K. H. ;2010; XML Visual Quick Start Guide .2nd Edition; United
States of America; Peachpit
Press.Nguyen, V. ;2017; Using XML. United States of America; Amazon Digital
Services LLC.
Online Supplementary Reading Materials
XSL Intro; https://www.w3schools.com/xml/xsl_intro.asp; Accessed on
8/7/2017
XSL Languages; https://www.w3schools.com/xml/xsl_languages.asp;
Accessed on 8/7/2017
XSL Transformation;
https://www.w3schools.com/xml/xsl_transformation.asp; Accessed on
8/7/2017
XSL Template; https://www.w3schools.com/xml/xsl_templates.asp;
XSL Value; https://www.w3schools.com/xml/xsl_value_of.asp; Accessed on
8/7/2017
XSL For Each; https://www.w3schools.com/xml/xsl_for_each.asp; Accessed
on 8/7/2017
XSL Sort; https://www.w3schools.com/xml/xsl_sort.asp; Accessed on
8/7/2017
Course Module
Instructional Videos
XSL Introduction; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RsRPDqgfL1E;
1
Document Type Definition

As discussed from one of the previous lesson, an XML document to be
considered valid should be well-formed and follows a special set of rules.
These special set of rules are defined in a Document Definition. This module
focuses on one type of Document Definition called DTD (Document Type
Definition).
Upon completion of this module, you should be able to:
1. Define what is DTD (Document Type Definition) and discuss its purpose
2. Discuss the syntax of DTD (Document Type Definition)
3. Differentiate External and Internal DTD (Document Type Definition)
Document Type Definition (DTD)

XML DTD Defined
Just like what we have discussed in the previous lessons, in order to create a
valid XML document, it should be well-defined and follows a certain set of
rules such as DTD.
XML DTD is a set of rules used to describe XML language accurately. It
provides a way to constrain XML document content. It can specify what kind
of content can appear on your XML document.
Purpose of XML DTD
XML DTD is easy to write but not that powerful. The following are some of
the reasons why we use DTD:
a. It is used to make sure the XML code is in the proper format.
b. By incorporating XML DTD in XML documents, errors can be found easily.
c. With a DTD, independent groups of people can agree on a standard for
interchanging data
d. You can verify that the data you receive from the outside world is valid.
XML DTDs can specify the rules for the components of XML. This module will
focus on elements DTDs.
XML DTD is a very broad topic. For more information about XML DTDs you
can visit W3Cs website.
Document Type Definition Syntax

DTD uses a different syntax than XML. Below is the syntax of DTD.
<!DOCTYPE element DTD identifier
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[
declaration
]>
Figure 1: XML DTD Syntax

The following is a detailed explanation the DTD Syntax.
a. !DOCTYPE
Used to declare a DTD.
b. element
Used to parse the document form the specified root element
c. DTD identifier
This is an identifier for DTD. This can point to a file on the system or URL
on the internet.
d. [ ]
These are optional list of entity declarations called internal subsets.
Element Declaration
In declaring elements we follow the syntax:
<!ELEMENT Name ContentSpecifications>
Figure 2: Element Declaration Syntax

The following is a detailed explanation the Element Declaration Syntax.
a. !ELEMENT
Used to declare an element
b. Name
Name of the element you want to declare
c. ContentSpecifcation
Defines the valid content for the element
An element can contain 1 of 4 of the following content models:
a. EMPTY content
No child elements
b. ANY content
No constraint
c. Element content
Can contain specified elements
d. Mixed content
Can contain elements and character data
Specifying populations limits in DTD
a. ?
This means zero or one element
b. +
This means one or more element
c. *
This means zero or more element
Below is an example of an XML document with DTD.
3
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes" ?>

<!DOCTYPE letter [
<!ELEMENT letter (from,to+,message)>
<!ELEMENT from (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT to (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT message (#PCDATA)>
]>
<letter>
<to>Jenny</to>
<from>Paulo</from>
<message>Hello!</message>
</letter>
Figure 2: XML Document with DTD

In the example above, we have the lines:
<!DOCTYPE letter [
]>
This means that the root tag of our XML document should be the element/tag
<letter>.
The next line:
means that inside the tag/element <letter> the XML document is required
to have the elements/tag <from>, <to>, and, <message>. If one of these
elements is missing, then your XML will produce an error. You can also notice
the + next to the to element/tag. This means that there could be one or
more <to> element inside <letter>.
The lines:

Refer to the body of the DTD. In these lines, the elements/tags <from>, <to>,
and, <message> have the type #PCDATA. #PCDATA means parse-able text
data.
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In order to be considered a valid XML document, the XML file should abide by
the rules set by the DTD. You can check if it is a valid XML document by using
an XML Validator.
External DTD vs. Internal DTD

External DTD
External DTDs are DTD declaration outside of an XML document. Below is an
example:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no" ?>

<!DOCTYPE letter SYSTEM "letter.dtd">
<letter>
<to>Jenny</to>
<from>Paulo</from>
<message>Hello!</message>
</letter>
As you can see in the example above, the line:
<!DOCTYPE letter SYSTEM "letter.dtd">
was added. This is a reference to an external file called letter.dtd which

contains our DTD. A DTDs extension name is .dtd.

Figure 3: An External DTD file

Internal DTD
Internal DTDs are DTDs included inside an XML document. Figure 2 shows
an example of Internal DTD.
Glossary
XML DTD: is a set of rules used to describe XML language accurately.

Books and Journals
5

Services LLC.
XML DTD; https://www.tutorialspoint.com/xml/xml_dtds.htm; Accessed on
8/7/2017
DTD; http://www.xmlfiles.com/dtd/; Accessed on 8/7/2017
XML DTD; https://www.w3schools.com/xml/xml_dtd.asp; Accessed on
8/7/2017
XML Tutorial 25 - DTD Schema Elements;
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rGj3AGsL9uI; Accessed on 8/7/2017
Course Module
1
XML Schema
XML Schema
In the previous lesson, we discussed all about a type of Document Definition
called XML DTD. There is a more powerful alternative to this; XML Schema.
Just like XML DTD, it can be used to create valid XML documents. This lesson
focuses on XML Schema; its elements, purpose, and applications.

1. Define what is XML Schema
2. Explain the features and purpose of XML Schema
3. Discuss the structure of XML Schema
4. Apply the techniques in declaring elements and attributes in XML Schema
XML Schema
XML Schema Defined
XML Schema defines and validates the structure of an XML document. It is an
alternative to DTD. XML Schema uses XML to define its rules. By using XML
Schema, we can create valid XML documents. XML Schema is also known as
XML Schema Definition (XSD).
XML Schema element uses Namespaces. It is similar to a database schema
that describes the data in a database.
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<xsd:element name="note">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="to" type="xs:string"/>
<xsd:element name="from" type="xs:string"/>
<xsd:element name="heading" type="xs:string"/>
<xsd:element name="body" type="xs:string"/>
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
</xsd:schema>
Figure 1: An XML document with XML Schema 1
Purpose of XML Schema
The purpose of XML Schema is to define the rules an XML document should
follow to be considered a valid XML Document.
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It is important that we learn XML Schema because of these two reasons:
a. It is more powerful than DTD and uses XML syntax
b. Many of the XML standards today are defined by XML Schemas.
XML Schema Features

The following are the features for XML Schema.
XML Schemas Support Data Types
XML allows us to use data types, and because of this:
a. It is easier to describe allowable document content
b. It is easier to validate the correctness of data
c. It is easier to define data facets (restrictions on data)
d. It is easier to define data patterns (data formats)
e. It is easier to convert data between different data types
XML Schemas use XML Syntax
XML Schemas are written in XML, and because of this:
a. There’s no need to learn a new language
b. XML editors can be used to edit Schema files
c. XML Schema can be manipulated with the XML DOM
d. XML Schema can be transformed with XSLT
Structure of an XML Schema

XML Schema has a different structure than DTD.
<xsd:element name=”elementname” type=”xsd:string”>

<xsd:attribute name=”attributename”>
</xsd:element>
</xsd:schema>
Figure 2: An XML document with XML Schema 2
Below is a detailed explanation of the XML Schema above.
a. XML Schema declaration
An XML Schema declaration uses the namespace
"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
And usually uses the prefix ”xsd”. A complete XML Schema looks like:
Figure 2: XML Schema Declaration
b. XML Schema elements
Elements are the building blocks of XML document. XML Schema elements
can have mixed, empty, or element content. They can have the minimum and
max number of times they can occur.
3
XML Schema
An element can be defined in XML Schema as follows:

<xsd:element name="elementname" type="xsd:string"/>
Figure 3: XML Schema Element Syntax
c. XML Schema attributes

For declaring attributes in XML Schema, the syntax below is used.
<xsd:attribute name="attributename" />
Figure 4: XML Schema attribute Syntax
XML Schema Elements and Attributes

In using XML Schema, you can declare the rules you want for your XML
Document by means of using the element and attribute element/tag.
This section will discuss how to use these elements/tags.
Declaring Elements
Type of Schema Elements
There are basically 2 common types of elements that you can add on your
XML Schema.
Simple type
This is used only in the context of the text. It uses the namespace
<xsd:simpleType>.
<xsd:element name="age">
<xsd:simpleType>
<xsd:restriction base="xs:integer">
<xsd:minInclusive value="0"/>
<xsd:maxInclusive value="100"/>
</xsd:restriction>
</xsd:simpleType>
</xsd:element>
Figure 5: XML Schema Simple Type Element
Below is a list of some of the functions used in Simple Type.
Function Description
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xsd:string Sequence of characters
xsd:boolean Boolean values
xsd:decimal Numbers with decimal

places
xsd:integer Numbers without decimal

places
xsd:positiveInteger Numbers greater than 0
xsd:negativeInteger Numbers less than 0
xsd:anyURI Any valid URI
xsd:date System date
Simple Type Examples

1. Maximum and Minimum Occurrence
Below is an example of XML Schema element which specifies the maximum
and minimum occurrence of an element.
<xsd:element name=”Skills” type=”xsd:string” minoccurs=”1” maxoccurs=
”unbounded”>
In the example above, we created a new XML Schema element called

“Skills”. It has a type of “xsd:string” which means that it should be a
string of characters.
There is also an attribute called minoccurs and maxoccurs. These two are
used to define the number of occurrence of an element in the XML document.
The minoccurs is for the minimum number of occurrence of the element. In
the example, our minoccurs is set to 1 which means that the element
“Skills” should appear on the XML document at least once. The
maxoccurs is used for the maximum number occurrence of an element. In
the example above, it is set to “unbounded” which means there’s no limit to
the maximum number of occurrence for that element.
2. Declaring the maximum and minimum value of an element

This example defines an element called "age" that is a simple type with a
restriction. The value of age can NOT be lower than 0 or greater than 50:
<xsd:element name="age">
<xsd:simpleType>
<xsd:restriction base="xs:integer">
<xsd:minInclusive value="0"/>
<xsd:maxInclusive value="100"/>
</xsd:restriction>
5
XML Schema
</xsd:simpleType>
</xsd:element>
In the example above, the <xsd:restriction> was used together with the
<xsd:minInclusive> and < xsd:maxInclusive> elements.
Restricting element to a Range of choices

You can set the allowable values for elements using the
<xsd:enumeration> element.
<xsd:element name="gender">
<xsd:simpleType>
<xsd:restriction base="xs:string">
<xsd:enumeration value="”Male”"/>
<xsd:enumeration value="Female"/>
</xsd:restriction>
</xsd:simpleType>
</xsd:element>
In the example above, the element <gender> is restricted to two values;

“Male” and “Female”.
Complex type
A complex type is a container for other element definitions. This allows you
to specify which child elements an element can contain and to provide some
structure within your XML documents. It uses the namespace
<xsd:complexType>.
<xs:element name="PersonalInfo">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="name" type="xs:string" />
<xs:element name="address" type="xs:string" />
<xs:element name="contactnumber" type="xs:int" />
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
Figure 6: XML Schema Complex Type Element

Complex Type Examples
Course Module
1. Declaring empty elements/tag
Below is an example of XML Schema element which is an empty element/tag.
<xs:element name="emptyelement">
<xs:complexType>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
2. Declaring elements with element content

In the example below, the element “PersonalInfo” is required to have the
elements “name”, “address”, and “contactnumber” in that particular
order. This is done through the use of <xs:sequence> element.
<xs:element name="PersonalInfo">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="name" type="xs:string" />
<xs:element name="address" type="xs:string" />
<xs:element name="contactnumber" type="xs:int" />
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
Declaring attributes
Attributes in XML Schema are always Simple Type.
Examples of attribute declaration
a. The example below shows an attribute named attrib and type of
xsd:integer.
<xsd:attribute name="attrib" type=”xsd:integer” />
b. The example below shows an attribute named attrib and type of

xsd:integer and a use set to optional meaning this attribute is not
required on the element. Other use values are required and
prohibited.
<xsd:attribute name="attrib" type=”xsd:integer”
use=”optional” />
Glossary
XML Schema Element Complex type: This is a container for other element
definitions
7
XML Schema
XML Schema Element Simple type: This is used only in the context of the
text.
XML Schema: This defines and validates the structure of an XML document.

Books and Journals
Services LLC.
XML Schema; https://www.tutorialspoint.com//xml/xml_schemas.htm;
Simple Types; https://www.w3schools.com/xml/el_simpletype.asp;
Schema Example; https://www.w3schools.com/xml/schema_example.asp;
XML Schema; https://www.w3schools.com/xml/schema_schema.asp;
Instructional Video
XML Tutorial 21 What is Schema;
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=56pR_5rO-m4; Accessed on 8/7/2017
Course Module
1
XML Database and XML RSS

This module is centered around some of the common applications of XML;
XML databases and XML RSS.
XML database are database stored in XML format. The different types of XML
database will be discussed including some examples.
RSS is a powerful application of XML. It provides real time data updates for
websites. Applications and examples of XML RSS will be discussed.

1. Discuss what is an XML Database
2. Identify the types of XML Database
3. Discuss what is XML RSS
4. Explain the purpose and advantages of XML RSS
XML Database
XML Database Defined
XML Database is software capable of storing large amounts of data and
information in the XML format.
Some examples of XML Database
a. BaseX f. Sedna
b. Berkeley DB g. IBM DB2
XML Edition (pureXML)
c. eXist h. Microsoft SQL
d. MarkLogic Server
Server i. Oracle Database
e. Qizx j. PostgreSQL
The data stored in the database can be queried using XQuery, serialized, and
exported into desired format.
XQuery is a query and functional programming language that queries and
transforms collections of structured and unstructured data, usually in the
form of XML, text and with vendor-specific extensions for other data formats.
XML Database Types

There are two types of XML Database.; XML-enabled database and Native
XML database
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a. XML- Enabled Database
XML enabled database is the extension provided for the conversion of XML
document. This is relational database, where data are stored in tables
consisting of rows and columns. The tables contain set of records, which in
turn consist of fields.
XML enabled database is best suited where the majority of data are non-XML.
b. Native XML Database
Native XML database is based on the container rather than table format. It
can store large amount of XML document and data. Native XML database is
queried by the XPath-expressions.
Example of XML database
Below is an example of XML database.
<album>
<song1>
<title>Your Song</title>
<genre>Rock</genre>
<composer>Danny Tan</composer>
</song1>
<song2>
<title>My Heart</title>
<genre>Pop</genre>
<composer>Mel White</composer>
</song2>
</album>
Figure 1: XML Database Example
In figure 1, table album is created that holds the records song1 and song2,
which in turn consists of three entities – title, genre and composer.
XML RSS
XML RSS stands for Really Simple Syndication/Rich Site Summary. It is
possible to distribute up-to-date web content from one web site to thousands
of other web sites around the world.
XML RSS Features
The following are features of RSS XML
• RSS allows you to syndicate your site content
• RSS defines an easy way to share and view headlines and content
• RSS files can be automatically updated
• RSS allows personalized views for different sites
• RSS is written in XML
3
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

<rss version="2.0">
<channel>
<title>Online Tutorials</title>
<link>https://www.tutorial.com</link>
<description>Online Education</description>
<item>
<title>Java Programming</title>
<link>https://www.tutorials.com/java </link>
<description>Java Programming Tutorial</description>
</item>
<item>
<title>HTML Tutorial</title>
<link>https://www.tutorial.com/html</link>
<description>HTML Tutorial</description>
</item>
</channel>
</rss>
Figure 2: XML RSS Example
XML RSS Purpose and Advantages

XML RSS has ton of usage and benefits, below is a summary.
Purpose of RSS
RSS was designed to display selected data. RSS can check sites automatically
for new updates using a program that gathers and sorts out RSS feeds called
RSS aggregator.
RSS data is small and fast-loading; it can easily be used with services like
Smart Phones
RSS is useful for web sites that are updated frequently, like:
a. News sites
Lists news with title, date and descriptions
b. Companies
Lists news and new products
c. Calendars
Lists upcoming events and important days
d. Site changes
Lists changed pages or new pages
Advantages of XML RSS
Below is a summary of the advantages of using XML RSS.
a. Choose your news
Course Module
With RSS you can choose to view the news you want, the news that interest
you and are relevant to your work.
b. Remove unwanted information
With RSS you can separate wanted information from unwanted information
c. Increase your site traffic
With RSS you can create your own news channel, and publish it to the
Internet
Glossary
Native XML database: This is based on the container rather than table
format. It can store large amount of XML document and data. Native XML
database is queried by the XPath-expressions.
XML Database: This is a software capable of storing large amounts of data

and information in the XML format.
XML Enabled database: This is the extension provided for the conversion of
XML document.
XQuery: This is a query and functional programming language that queries

and transforms collections of structured and unstructured data, usually in
the form of XML, text and with vendor-specific extensions for other data
formats
XML RSS: This stands for Really Simple Syndication. It is possible to

distribute up-to-date web content from one web site to thousands of other
web sites around the world.

Books and Journals
Services LLC.
XML RSS; https://www.w3schools.com/xml/xml_rss.asp; Accessed on
8/7/2017
5
XML Database; https://www.tutorialspoint.com/xml/xml_databases.htm;

XML Enabled Database;
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML_database#XML_Enabled_databases;
Native XML DB;
https://www.xml.com/pub/a/2001/10/31/nativexmldb.html; Accessed on
8/7/2017
Lecture -40 XML Databases;
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhvZMspVCbI; Accessed on 8/7/2017
How to Create an RSS feed Using XML;
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_G6stczapyk; Accessed on 8/7/2017
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WebApp: XML-based Web Application

XSLT (XML Stylesheet Language

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

The output of the XML document above is:

If we apply the XSLT Below:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

The output is:

XPath and XSLT

Figure 1: XSLT transformation Process

These two ways of declaring an XSLT documents are interchangeable,

6. The <xsl:sort> element tag

More examples about the syntax of XSLT are discussed on Video007.

References and Supplementary Materials

Document Type Definition

Document Type Definition (DTD)

Document Type Definition Syntax

<!DOCTYPE element DTD identifier

Figure 1: XML DTD Syntax

<!ELEMENT Name ContentSpecifications>

Figure 2: Element Declaration Syntax

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes" ?>

Figure 2: XML Document with DTD

<!ELEMENT letter (from,to+,message)>

<!ELEMENT from (#PCDATA)>

External DTD vs. Internal DTD

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no" ?>

As you can see in the example above, the line:

<!DOCTYPE letter SYSTEM "letter.dtd">

was added. This is a reference to an external file called letter.dtd which

<!ELEMENT letter (from,to+,message)>

Figure 3: An External DTD file

References and Supplementary Materials

Press.Nguyen, V. ;2017; Using XML. United States of America; Amazon Digital

Upon completion of this module, the students should be able to:

XML Schema Features

Structure of an XML Schema

<xsd:element name=”elementname” type=”xsd:string”>

An element can be defined in XML Schema as follows:

c. XML Schema attributes

XML Schema Elements and Attributes

Figure 5: XML Schema Simple Type Element

Below is a list of some of the functions used in Simple Type.

xsd:boolean Boolean values

xsd:decimal Numbers with decimal

xsd:integer Numbers without decimal

xsd:positiveInteger Numbers greater than 0

xsd:negativeInteger Numbers less than 0

xsd:anyURI Any valid URI

xsd:date System date

Simple Type Examples

In the example above, we created a new XML Schema element called

2. Declaring the maximum and minimum value of an element

Restricting element to a Range of choices

In the example above, the element <gender> is restricted to two values;

Figure 6: XML Schema Complex Type Element

2. Declaring elements with element content

b. The example below shows an attribute named attrib and type of

References and Supplementary Materials

XML Database and XML RSS

Upon completion of this module, the students should be able to:

XML Database Types

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

XML RSS Purpose and Advantages