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Research Method in PA. Module 2. activity The Review of Related Literature is rightfully done by
''copy and paste'' activity. a. Highly accepted in all researches c. Journal of Teaching in Physical
Education 26(4):358-374. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 13(3):206-215. A literature
review is a survey of credible sources on a topic, often used in dissertations, theses, and research
papers. Validity -- are the author's arguments and conclusions convincing. During typical
development, experience shapes the pruning process through the strengthening of neural networks
that support relevant thoughts and actions and the elimination of unnecessary or redundant
connections. There is as yet no accepted definition of metabolic syndrome for use in pediatric
populations (Jolliffe and Janssen, 2007). The paper can include research that suggests that the earlier
students learn about health, the healthier they are later in life. For example, when a state mandates a
maximum class size of 20 students per teacher in all core subjects, with noncompliance resulting in
some form of penalty, an elementary school with an average of 25 students per teacher is forced to
hire additional teachers in these subjects to meet the state mandate. Moreover, there is a moderate
negative correlation on perceived sources of stress and academic performance which means that the
higher the stress level, the lower the academic performance will be. Table 5-3 shows the specific
amounts of time cut from various subjects in districts that reported decreases. Include each of the
key concepts or variables you’re interested in, and list any synonyms and related terms. You can add
to this list as you discover new keywords in the process of your literature search. A good review
increases a reader’s confidence in the researcher’s professional competence, ability, and background.
Edited by G. A. Bray, C. Bouchard, and W. P. T. James. New York: Marcel Dekker. Pp. 891-910.
FLVS provides a quality Physical Education program in which students can experience success and
develop positive attitudes about physical activity so that they can adopt healthy and physically active
lifestyles. The strategic directions document was initiated after the last census in 2006 which found
that across the city of kingston, Carrum was one of the most disadvantaged communities; a
neighbourhood which contained higher proportions of public housing. Specifically, Coe and
colleagues examined the association of enrollment in physical education and self-reported vigorous-
or moderate-intensity physical activity outside school with performance in core academic courses
and on the Terra Nova Standardized Achievement Test among more than 200 6th-grade students. In
contrast, in a study of obese children aged 7-11, a 4-month physical activity program resulted in
minimal change in abdominal visceral adipose tissue but a significant loss in abdominal subcutaneous
adipose tissue (Gutin and Owens, 1999). Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 16(1):148-156. In
more recent years, the focus has shifted to greater emphasis on evaluating health-related fitness
(IOM, 2012a) and assessing concurrent or future health status. Funding Statement This work was
funded by the French Foundation for Research on Biodiversity (FRB) through its Centre for
Synthesis and Analysis of Biodiversity data (CESAB), as part of the NETSEED research project.
The range of cognitive performance measures, participant characteristics, and types of research
design all mediated the relationship among physical activity, fitness, and academic performance.
These studies compared healthy-weight and obese children and found a differential distribution of
the P3 potential (i.e., less frontally distributed) and larger N2 amplitude, as well as smaller ERN
magnitude, in obese children during task conditions that required greater amounts of inhibitory
control (Kamijo et al., 2012c). Taken together, the above results suggest that obesity is associated
with less effective neural processes during stimulus capture and response execution. The reference
list in MLA style is titled “ Works Cited.” In this section, all sources used in the paper should be
listed in alphabetical order. This means drawing connections between sources to create a picture of
the scholarly conversation on a topic over time. Related Papers Nicole Albrecht In this PowerPoint I
provide guidelines for writing a literature review. You likely won’t be able to read absolutely
everything that has been written on your topic, so it will be necessary to evaluate which sources are
most relevant to your research question. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 31(1):111.
Researchers should include referred and peer-reviewed articles that discuss the topic at hand, or deal
with relevant topics that are helpful to the subject of the work of the researcher. Teachers involved in
the SPARK intervention offered increased levels of fitness promotion and provided students with an
increased amount of general instruction and increased minutes of attention per week (McKenzie et
al., 1997; Myers-Schieffer and Thomas, 2012).
Classical theory suggests that P3 relates to neuronal activity associated with revision of the mental
representation of the previous event within the stimulus environment (Donchin, 1981). During
typical development, experience shapes the pruning process through the strengthening of neural
networks that support relevant thoughts and actions and the elimination of unnecessary or redundant
connections. The next decade should provide a great deal of information on this relationship. The
body of literature includes all studies that address related or identical hypotheses or research
problems. A well-done integrative review meets the same standards as primary research in regard to
clarity, rigor, and replication. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 27(2):277-284. The
sources examined in an RRL provide theoretical frameworks for future studies and help create
original research questions and hypotheses. Such as, high rates of television watching which has
been found to be associated with greater risks of obesity and also more unhealthy diets (Ulter et al,
2003). Clift and Thomas (1983) reported that course work assignment was a major source often
keeping the students under continual examination puts to stress. Interpersonal-related stressors and
religion of child, habits of father at 5% level of significance. According to the sources, the majority
of this recent change is almost definitely caused by greenhouse gas emissions produced by human
activities. This paper will be directed in particular on the suburb of Carrum, and will focus on four
main reasonings as to why physical activity may be affected within this particular community. The
study was conducted in English medium secondary schools on 600 secondary school students from
selected schools of Karad city. Similarities and differences between past studies and the current one.
Further, it is unclear whether policies required students to have higher GPAs to be eligible for
participation. Correlational research examining the relationship among academic performance,
physical fitness, and physical activity also is described. In academic settings, stress plays major
factors on student academic achievements. A valuable predictor of student academic performance is
a parent having clear expectations for the child’s academic success. What theories have been used to
explain, predict, or understand their research problem. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent
Medicine 158(8):818-823. To summarize, many studies have shown the reasons and factors that may
contribute to the tardiness of a student. Zeidner (1992) study reported that students appeared to be
under high by pressure originating from course overload and academic evaluation procedures and
least stressed by personal familiar and social factors. Future research will need to do a better job of
translating promising laboratory findings to the real world to determine the value of this relationship
in ecologically valid settings. A good rule of thumb is to utilize sources published in the past ten
years for research papers in the humanities, history, arts, and literature. How to write review of
related literature (RRL) in research Tips on how to write a review of related literature in research.
Aerobic exercise has been shown to increase cardiorespiratory endurance by about 5-15 percent in
youth (Malina et al., 2004; HHS, 2008). The programs that produce this benefit involve continuous
vigorous- or moderate-intensity aerobic activity of various types for 30-45 minutes per session at
least 3 days per week over a period of at least 1-3 months (Baquet et al., 2002); improvements are
greater with more frequent exercise (Baquet et al., 2003). Two children may be the same size but at
different points on the path to adult size or maturity. These barriers reflect a lack of support structure
in schools for quality physical education. Selected games also appear to hold greater promise for
increasing energy expenditure, while others invite youth to be physically active through motivational
engagement. Development also refers to the acquisition and refinement of behavior relating to
competence in a variety of interrelated domains, such as motor competence and social, emotional,
and cognitive competence. Thematic: If you have found some recurring central themes that you will
continue working with throughout your piece, you can organize your literature review into
subsections that address different aspects of the topic.
Evidence suggests that the mental health benefits of physical activity can be experienced by all age
groups, genders, and ethnicities. Are the conclusions and recommendations data-based. The most
significant decline in risk score was observed from the first (lowest) to the second quintile (53.6
percent and 37.5 percent in males and females, respectively), and the association remained
significant in both overweight. American Journal of Health Education 41(5):284-291. Research
Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 80(3):533-542. A methodological scope will influence either the
types of documents in the review or the way in which these documents are discussed. Prior to
puberty, before the increase in anabolic sex steroid concentrations, neural adaptations explain much
of the improvement in muscle function with exercise in both boys and girls. The exclusive focus on
health, however, was criticized by educator Thomas Wood (1913; Wood and Cassidy, 1930) as too
narrow and detrimental to the development of the whole child. International Journal of
Epidemiology 12(3):308-313. As stated by Jeanes (2013) 'the location of your home will either
support or hinder the amount of physical activity you do, depending on what is near your home and
if or how that supports your physical activity. Measurement concepts in physical education and
exercise science. The students will first be taught how to take their resting pulse. Recent work has
shown good correspondence between BMI standards and percent fat standards that are referenced to
health criteria (Laurson et al., 2011). These new standards should prove useful for identifying
children and adolescents at risk for higher levels of cardiometabolic risk factors. Even without
significant weight loss, exercise can have significant effects in adults by improving glucose
metabolism, improving lipid and lipoprotein profiles, and lowering blood pressure, particularly for
those who are significantly overweight (Ross and Bradshaw, 2009). Is contrary data considered or is
certain pertinent information ignored to prove the author's point. By age 2 the systems are fully
functional, although young children lack the cardiorespiratory capacity of older children and adults
because of their small size (Malina et al., 2004). Children’s aerobic capacity and consequently their
ability to exercise for longer periods of time increase as they grow. It also discusses the values
reflected in the proverbs and the proverb as a reflection of Filipino character, its function in the
society, its nature and purpose, its stylistic peculiarity and its significance in Filipino culture. Such
models provide the only opportunity for all school-age children to access health-enhancing physical
activities. This program also includes a component called UP4FUN, a 6-week school-based project to
reduce and break up time spent sitting in school and at home. With FMI controlled, however, FFMI
is positively related to physical activity, indicating that, for a given level of body fat, individuals with
more fat-free mass are more active (Lohman et al., 2006). BMI cut-points for defining overweight
and obesity have historically been based on age- and gender-specific population distributions of
BMI. In the first (Johnston et al., 2010), 10- to 14-year-old children were randomly assigned to
either an instructor-led intervention or a self-help intervention for 2 years. Additionally, these
improvements were not mediated by BMI. They have carefully analyzed various climate data and
evidence, concluding that the majority of the observed global warming over the past 50 years cannot
be explained by natural factors alone. A lack of activity increases the risk of heart disease, colon and
breast cancer, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, osteoporosis, anxiety and depression and others
diseases. Non-RCT studies have shown individualized approaches to be most effective and small-
group approaches to be effective to a more limited extent (Ahn and Fedewa, 2011). Figure 5-1,
which aligns with the research on effective professional development (Kennedy, 1998; Loucks-
Horsley and Matsumoto, 1999; Cohen and Hill, 2000; Garet et al., 2001; Fishman et al., 2003;
Guskey and Sparks, 2004), illustrates how (1) professional development enhances teacher knowledge
and skills, (2) better knowledge and skills improve classroom teaching, and (3) improved teaching
raises student achievement. Considerable work has detailed the relationship of physical activity to
other aspects of adult cognition using behavioral and neuroimaging tools (e.g., Boecker, 2011). The
interested reader is referred to a number of review papers and meta-analyses describing the
relationship of physical activity to various aspects of cognitive and brain health (Etnier et al., 1997;
Colcombe and Kramer, 2003; Tomporowski, 2003; Thomas et al., 2012). Doing a Literature Review:
Releasing the Social Science Research Imagination. Among these are socioeconomic status (Sirin,
2005), parental involvement. Further research is needed on the utilization of facilities resulting from
these agreements and their impact on physical activity.
In Physical activity and well-being, edited by V. Seefeldt. Reston, VA: American Alliance for
Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance. Pp. 41-92. By the turn of the 20th century,
personal hygiene and exercise for bodily health were incorporated in the physical education
curriculum as the major learning outcomes for students (Weston, 1962). Journal of the American
Medical Association 275(10):768-776. However, if you choose this strategy, be careful to avoid
simply listing and summarizing sources in order. Further evidence of the growth of this line of
inquiry is its increased global presence. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 36(6):527-537. You
can use a subheading for each theme, time period, or methodological approach. Although some
studies suggest small differences, factors other than physical activity, especially maturity, often are
not well controlled. The type of research and evidence relating to strategies for increasing physical
activity in schools varies tremendously by program or policy components. In Lifestyle medicine,
edited by J. M. Rippe. Blackwell Science. Pp. 1089-1097. Correlational research examining the
relationship among academic performance, physical fitness, and physical activity also is described.
Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 31(2):200-210. Positive results from public school
children in the northeastern United States. It also is currently the only time and place for all children
to engage in vigorous- or moderate-intensity physical activity safely because of the structured and
specialist-supervised instructional environment. Hart, Chris. Doing a Literature Review: Releasing
the Social Science Research Imagination. Journal of Physical Activity and Health 8(8):1074-1083.
Funding Statement This work was funded by the French Foundation for Research on Biodiversity
(FRB) through its Centre for Synthesis and Analysis of Biodiversity data (CESAB), as part of the
NETSEED research project. Thirty-three states permit school districts or schools to allow students to
substitute other activities for physical education. Recent research suggests that the onset of puberty is
occurring earlier in girls today compared with the previous generation, and there is speculation that
increased adiposity may be a cause (Bau et al., 2009; Rosenfield et al., 2009). Conversely, some data
suggest that excess adiposity in boys contributes to delayed sexual maturation (Lee et al., 2010).
Pubescence, the earliest period of adolescence, generally occurs about 2 years in advance of sexual
maturity. It provides an overview of current knowledge, allowing you to identify relevant theories,
methods, and gaps in the existing research that you can later apply to your paper, thesis, or
dissertation topic. Acute effects can be observed after just one episode and can last from a few hours
to up to 1 day after. A student must listen to the teacher, adhere to classroom procedures, focus on a
specific task, hold and retain information, and make connections between novel information and
previous experiences. The SPARK curriculum has demonstrated the ability to improve student
activity levels, increase the number of minutes of vigorous- or moderate-intensity physical activity
for students, and provide sustainable and positive change in a school district (Myers-Schieffer and
Thomas, 2012). Journal of Musculoskeletal and Neuronal Interactions 11(2):196-202. Assessment
system was found to be the third key factor inducing stress and affecting students' cognitive and
psychological functioning. Trained adult program coordinators go to low-income schools, where they
enhance recess and play to make both a positive experience that helps students and teachers get the
most out of every learning opportunity throughout the school day. While menarche occurs later in
females who participate in some sports, the available data do not support a causal relationship
between habitual physical activity and later menarche. Today's young people are a familiar with
technological devices as they are with their own families, and this makes them ideal candidates for
more distance education in the future. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 44(10):2017-
2024. Thematic: If you have found some recurring central themes that you will continue working
with throughout your piece, you can organize your literature review into subsections that address
different aspects of the topic.
Here are some examples: Chronological: The simplest approach is to trace the development of the
topic over time, which helps familiarize the audience with the topic (for instance if you are
introducing something that is not commonly known in your field). The most common substitutions
are Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps (JROTC), inter-scholastic sports, marching band,
cheerleading, and community sports. And once you're done writing your research paper, you may
want to promote it using different SEO strategies. Training-induced changes in other components of
the oxygen transport system remain to be determined. American Journal of Public Health
102(7):1406-1413. Nearly 77 percent of middle and 91 percent of high schools offer at least one
sport. After the act became law, they spent 520 minutes per week. In children and adolescents,
strength training can increase muscle strength, power, and endurance. Mean metabolic equivalent
(MET) values for each game were comparable to or. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
1124(1):111-126. The students also learn the benefits of frequent fitness exercises in their everyday
schedule. Among children who live within 1 mile of their school, the prevalence has fallen from 86
percent to 50 percent. For example, you can write a review of literature related to dengue fever.
Strength in children increases linearly, with boys having a slight advantage over girls. Accompanying
the assessment, as part of a comprehensive program, are education and training through professional
development, awards, and recognition. Doing Your Literature Review: Traditional and Systematic
Techniques. You can choose the intellectual lineage you would like to be part of and whose
definitions matter most to your thinking (mostly humanities-specific, but this goes for sciences as
well). It saves from duplicating research that has already been conducted. Of interest, this
relationship was disproportionately larger for the condition requiring greater amounts of inhibition in
the older adults, suggesting that physical activity has both a general and selective association with
task performance (Hillman et al., 2006). Aerobic exercise has been shown to increase
cardiorespiratory endurance by about 5-15 percent in youth (Malina et al., 2004; HHS, 2008). The
programs that produce this benefit involve continuous vigorous- or moderate-intensity aerobic
activity of various types for 30-45 minutes per session at least 3 days per week over a period of at
least 1-3 months (Baquet et al., 2002); improvements are greater with more frequent exercise (Baquet
et al., 2003). Accordingly, fitness education in school physical education programs is being enhanced
through the incorporation of active video games, also known as exergaming. Historically, efforts to
assess the physical fitness of youth focused on measures designed to evaluate the ability to carry out
certain physical tasks or activities, often related to athletic performance. South African Journal for
Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation 28(1):29-42. Use of this site constitutes
acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use. The students realize the advantage and
importance of working as a part of the team. When we say “literature review” or refer to “the
literature,” we are talking about the research ( scholarship ) in a given field. For inactive children,
however, the exergaming environment is conducive to more active participation in the game-based
physical activities than in conventional physical education (Fogel et al., 2010). Finally, Sheehan and
Katz (2012) found that among school-age children the use of active gaming added to postural
stability, an important component of motor skills development. Much of the information used in an
annotated bibliography can be used also in a literature review, so you’ll be not only partially drafting
your lit review as you research, but also developing your sense of the larger conversation going on
among scholars, professionals, and any other stakeholders in your topic. Brazilian Journal of Medical
and Biological Research 45(7):591-600. In response to the need to find ways to make physical
activity a health priority for youth, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Physical Activity and
Physical Education in the School Environment was formed.
Collectively, the results of these two studies suggest that a structured physical activity intervention
can be effective in enhancing and enriching physical activity opportunities for Mexican American
adolescents in charter schools. These findings were later replicated and extended to demonstrate
benefits for both mathematics and reading performance in healthy children and those diagnosed with
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (Pontifex et al., 2013). Further replications of these findings
demonstrated that a single bout of moderate-intensity exercise using a treadmill improved
performance on a task of attention and inhibition, but similar benefits were not derived from
moderate-intensity. Indeed, systematic observations of student behavior have been used as an
alternative means of measuring academic performance (Mahar et al., 2006; Grieco et al., 2009). What
is review of literature in hindiWhat is review of literature in hindi write my essay 4 me reviews
research papers about jfk conspiracy literacy homework year 6 english term paper on market supply
decorative writing paper online assignment plagiarism how to solve life problem in facebook
alternative energy essay question. Further, results of studies conducted in nonlaboratory and
nonschool settings have been mixed (Baranowski et al., 2008). Moreover, any physical activity
changes that do occur may not be sufficient to stimulate physiologic changes. Some useful databases
to search for journals and articles include: Your university’s library catalogue Google Scholar Project
Muse (humanities and social sciences) Medline (life sciences and biomedicine) EconLit (economics)
Inspec (physics, engineering and computer science) You can also use boolean operators to help
narrow down your search. Literature reviews are set up similarly to other academic texts, with an
introduction, a main body, and a conclusion. The relationship of physical activity and physical fitness
to cognitive and brain health and to academic performance is the subject of this chapter. British
Journal of Sports Medicine 44(12):879-887. Likewise, Stallmann-Jorgensen and colleagues (2007)
indicate that a lack of vigorous physical activity, rather than excess calorie intake, is related to body
fat in youth. The act states that high-quality professional development programs should have the
characteristics listed in Box 5-9. Consequently, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) Committee on
Fitness Measures and Health Outcomes in its recent report elected to forego recommending a
flexibility test for a national youth fitness test battery pending further research to confirm the
relationship between flexibility and health and to develop national normative data (IOM, 2012a). If
your lit review is a standalone piece, the introduction and conclusion take up more space and give
you a place to discuss your goals, research methods, and conclusions separately from where you
discuss the literature itself. The curriculum is designed so that the children are engaged in physical
activities that demonstrate relevant scientific knowledge. Low-back flexibility as measured by this
test is stable in girls from age 5 to 11 and increases until late adolescence. Because of a lack of
national tracking data on physical education graduates, the extent to which the teacher educator
shortage has impacted and will impact the need to supply quality physical education teachers to the
nation is unclear. However, it is likely that most scientists have not thought in detail about how to
approach and carry out a literature review. Researchers should include referred and peer-reviewed
articles that discuss the topic at hand, or deal with relevant topics that are helpful to the subject of
the work of the researcher. This investigation used researcher-made survey questionnaire which
undergoes validation and summative assessment tool for both general and professional education
which undergoes item analysis. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 38(10):1732-1738.
Similarities and differences between past studies and the current one. By having created this
document, the local government are recognising that there is an issue relating to health and wellbeing
within this community that needs to be addressed. Teachers must be updated and well-trained with
the new trends of teaching strategies to students see their fullest potential and be honed holistically.
Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 20:339-357. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education
30(2):116-128. In a recent literature review, Bassett and colleagues (2013) found that physical
education contributes to children achieving an average of 23 minutes of vigorous- or moderate-
intensity physical activity daily. Instead, it is concerned with the research methods. In a study by
Trilk and colleagues (2011), 12th-grade girls who attended schools with at least five facilities for
physical activity within the designated parameter reported more physical activity per day than girls in
schools with fewer than five such facilities. Trost and colleagues (2001, 2008a) found that
overweight students enrolled in an after-school program were substantially less active than their
nonoverweight counterparts during organized outdoor activities. At this point consider: Does your
study extend current research.
Decisions about what to teach, who will teach it, and what level of resources will be provided are
made by the state, county or district, and school administration. Thus, it is both advantageous and
necessary to rely on regular summaries of the recent literature. Medicine and Science in Sports and
Exercise 44:1075-1080. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews 30(4):171-176. The literature review
offers brief descriptions, summaries, and critical evaluations of each work, and does so in the form
of a well organized essay. They include Fitness for Life: Middle School (Corbin et al., 2007);
Personal Fitness for You (Stokes and Schultz, 2002); Get Active. This is essentially due to the four
main factors covered throughout this review. Does the work ultimately contribute in any significant
way to an understanding of the subject? II. Correlation studies have shown that the association of
physical activity with depression is not affected by age (Ahn and Fedewa, 2011). Consequently, the
Institute of Medicine (IOM) Committee on Fitness Measures and Health Outcomes in its recent
report elected to forego recommending a flexibility test for a national youth fitness test battery
pending further research to confirm the relationship between flexibility and health and to develop
national normative data (IOM, 2012a). Accordingly, the brain responds to experience in an adaptive
or “plastic” manner, resulting in the efficient and effective adoption of thoughts, skills, and actions
relevant to one’s interactions within one’s environmental surroundings. To summarize, many studies
have shown the reasons and factors that may contribute to the tardiness of a student. Not only do
these factors impact the ability to commute actively to and from school (McDonald and Aalborg,
2009), but a school’s location in relation to facilities for physical activity may encourage such
activity. So, the physical education instructors can play a vital role in helping the students to make up
accurate decisions in life by pushing them towards a healthy routine. A lack of activity increases the
risk of heart disease, colon and breast cancer, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, osteoporosis, anxiety
and depression and others diseases. A lack of activity increases the risk of heart disease, colon and
breast cancer, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, osteoporosis, anxiety and depression and others
diseases. By investigating these climate patterns, scientists can obtain a more complex understanding
of the connections between natural climate variability and climate variability caused by human
activity. Education, Leadership, and Management: Literature Review. They observed larger bilateral
hippocampal volume in higher-fit children using MRI, as well as better performance on a task of
relational memory. However, peer reviewers don't assess the quality of trade magazines. In addition,
participation in sports may enhance school connectedness, social support, and bonding among friends
and teammates (Weintraub et al., 2008). There are developmental benefits as well; involvement in
school sports may enhance initiative, goal setting, and emotional control (Gould and Carson, 2008),
along with general well-being (Greenleaf et al., 2009). It can identify what is known (and unknown)
in the subject area, identify areas of controversy or debate, and help formulate questions that need
further research. Great leaders create positive experiences and influence all learners. Related items
that provide additional information, but that are not key to understanding the research problem, can
be included in a list of further readings. Failed interventions did not combine educational with
environmental change strategies, did not involve the family and home environment, and did not
conduct careful pretesting before larger-scale implementation. Programs are flexible to accommodate
individual student interests and activity levels in a learning environment that is developmentally
appropriate, safe, and supportive.”. The report Active Education: Physical Education, Physical
Activity and Academic Performance by Active Living Research (Trost, 2009) cites evidence that
“children who are physically active and fit tend to perform better in the classroom and that daily
physical education does not adversely affect academic performance. Bouchard, R. J. Shepard and T.
Stephens. Champaign IL: Human Kinetics Publishers. Pp. 551-568. Journal of Teaching in Physical
Education 30(2):116-128. How the study was made possible and up to where the study bounds to
are the points of the first chapter.