Navigating the Literature Review Process

Embarking on a literature review can often feel like entering a labyrinth of information, where clarity
seems elusive, and direction uncertain. This essential aspect of academic research demands
meticulous attention, critical analysis, and comprehensive synthesis of existing knowledge in a
particular field. Yet, the intricacies of the literature review process can be overwhelming, requiring
time, effort, and expertise to navigate effectively.

Crafting a literature review involves more than merely summarizing existing studies; it necessitates a
systematic approach to identifying relevant literature, critically evaluating its content, and
synthesizing key findings to develop a cohesive narrative. Researchers must sift through vast
volumes of scholarly articles, books, and other sources, discerning between credible sources and
irrelevant information. Moreover, they must critically assess the methodologies, findings, and
conclusions of each study to determine its relevance and contribution to the research topic.

One of the most challenging aspects of writing a literature review is maintaining a balance between
breadth and depth. Researchers must strike a delicate equilibrium between providing a
comprehensive overview of existing literature and delving deeply into specific themes or debates
within the field. Achieving this balance requires careful planning and organization, ensuring that the
literature review remains focused and coherent while covering essential aspects of the research topic.

Furthermore, the literature review process demands rigorous analytical skills to identify gaps,
contradictions, and inconsistencies in existing research. Researchers must interrogate the evidence
presented in each study, critically evaluating its strengths and limitations, and identifying areas
where further investigation is warranted. This critical analysis forms the foundation for synthesizing
key findings and drawing meaningful conclusions that contribute to the advancement of knowledge
in the field.

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A literature review is a survey of scholarly sources on a specific topic. By summarizing the existing
research on your research question, a literature review reveals points of consensus and points of
disagreement, as well as the gaps and open questions that remain. Bruce, Christine Susan. 1994.
Research students’ early experiences of the dissertation literature review. For each publication, ask
yourself: What question or problem is the author addressing. This can be especially helpful for
students or scholars getting into a new research area, or for directing an entire community of scholars
toward questions that have not yet been answered. Frontiers Using precise definitions of terms, they
have analyzed antecedent factors, constructed various models or frameworks, and proposed feasible
measures. A literature review also includes a critical evaluation of the material; this is why it is called
a literature review rather than a literature report. In Europe, we highlight the Scottish Tourism
Toolkit gidlund2020, the European Commission report on ST Practices scholz2022, Spain’s Secretary
of State for Tourism Catalogue of Technological Solutions for STD segittur2022, and the Spanish
Cluster of Innovative Companies for Tourism in the Valencia Community Technological Solutions for
Tourism catalog adestic2023. Table of contents Why write a literature review, examples of literature
reviews, step 1: search for relevant literature, step 2: evaluate and select sources, step 3: identify
themes, debates and gaps, step 4: outline your literature review’s structure, step 5: write your
literature review, frequently asked questions about literature reviews, introduction. The carefully
examined examples can be like a treasure with multiple tips. This latter year and 2022 standing out
with the highest number of published articles. Making it the most accurate and reliable proofreading
tool for students. Studying an AEE based on a regional scale will imply, firstly, building a
theoretical framework, based on multiple dimensions, which allows the development of the EE
model. After the introduction, it grounds your research in a scholarly field and leads directly to your
theoretical framework or methodology. The lit review is an important genre in many disciplines, not
just literature (i.e., the study of works of literature such as novels and plays). If the same authors,
books or articles keep appearing in your reading, make sure to seek them out. Types of Literature
Reviews A stand alone literature review can be a single work in its own right. There are five key
steps to writing a literature review: Search for relevant literature Evaluate sources Identify themes,
debates, and gaps Outline the structure Write your literature review A good literature review doesn’t
just summarize sources—it analyzes, synthesizes, and critically evaluates to give a clear picture of
the state of knowledge on the subject. Are all the key ideas, findings and trends presented backed
up by multiple sources. Systematic reviews with discordant findings can cause great confusion and
make it difficult for decision-makers to interpret the review-level evidence ( Moher, 2013 ). No cut-
off point for the number of citations per document has been defined. Sabotage involves the
intentional and deliberate destruction (such as arson or property damage) or damage of
organizational assets (like equipment) by employees in an effort to reduce productivity ( Spector et
al., 2006; Kim and Jo, 2022 ). Post-humanism and Environmental Education Pre-Service Teacher
Education Problem Solving Productivity and Higher Education Professional Development
Professional Learning Communities Program Evaluation Programs and Services for Students with
Emotional or Behav. The code for this category only highlights responses that specifically mention it,
but other mentions of the social aspects of sustainability could also consider this aspect. In this case,
you’d likely develop a conceptual framework which details the potential factors (e.g. long hours,
excessive stress, etc), as well as the outcome (burnout). Within organizations, employees should exert
additional effort and be open to adopting new work methods, while leaders should provide
comprehensive support, effectively implement employees’ suggestions, set high standards, and
commit more resources and energy to work-related matters rather than traditional management and
rigid control. In this way, critical reviews attempt to constructively inform other scholars about the
weaknesses of prior research and strengthen knowledge development by giving focus and direction
to studies for further improvement ( Kirkevold, 1997 ). Types of reviews 1. Define your research
question 2. Audretsch et al. ( 2019 ) refers that EE is a vehicle for carrying entrepreneurs,
policymakers and managers of linked companies and all their relationships organizing the EE.
Another concept, akin to OCB and gaining traction in recent organizational behavior studies, is
Constructive Deviant Workplace Behaviors (CDWB).
For Wang et al., ( 2021: 2), the creation of UEEs, currently, is a “hot topic.” Naturally, many
definitions were put forward, leading to the decision to present, chronologically, a selection of
definitions (Table 1 ). Table 4 shows the resulting overall weights for the Tourist-Operator-
Destination nexus. For the authors, thinking in terms of EEs may only reflect the importance of a
particular topic, such as “business ecosystems”, “digital ecosystems”, “financial ecosystems” and
“university ecosystems”, among others. The early digitization of tourism was coined as “e-tourism”
and was focused on digitizing processes within the tourism industry, changing the way organizations
distributed their tourism products in the market Buhalis2002. All in all, 130 articles met the criteria
and their data were extracted manually into a database. You should be able to answer it based only
on a review of existing publications. The document type was limited to “article” and “review.” After
applying these criteria, it was obtained 183 papers from the research process (104 obtained in
SCOPUS and 79 results in Web of Science) (stages 1 and 2 from Table 3 and Fig. 1 ). Process of
data collection and analysis In the third stage, wherein some records were excluded, the data was
filtered. For the introduction (and discussion) of a research paper, masters thesis or dissertation 3.
Often, the literature review is where you can establish your research as filling a particular gap or as
relevant in a particular way. Consequently, the costs associated with hiring, selecting, and integrating
new coworkers should be reduced. A ready-made example of literature review helps to know how to
get started properly without straggling with irrelevant information and searching through tons of
unnecessary materials. Despite being two of the most influential databases, the overview could be
improved by including other databases. The composition of clusters groups generated research
points. As can be seen in the Fig. 2, the most frequently terms mentioned are “entrepreneurial
ecosystem”, “entrepreneurial university”, “entrepreneurial education”, “university”, innovation” and
“higher education”. The tourism industry’s adoption of digitalization, innovation, and new
technologies necessitates the use of STT. Withdrawal includes reduce the working time below the
minimum necessary to achieve the goals (for example, extending breaks, unjustified dismissals). The
third question, on the basic principles of ST (Figure 6 ), requires comparing different concepts
underlying the definition of ST derived from the literature review. In essence, altruism is “a
motivational state with the ultimate goal of increasing another’s welfare” ( Ma et al., 2018 ).
Conscientiousness Conscientiousness alludes to behavior that surpasses the minimal expected levels,
like efficient time use and exceeding base expectations, thereby enhancing both personal and group
efficiency ( DiPaola and Hoy, 2005 ). In accordance with the review carried out, the other authors
initiate the development of methods to evaluate an AEE. The above leads us to propose as possible
future research directions. In this way, critical reviews attempt to constructively inform other
scholars about the weaknesses of prior research and strengthen knowledge development by giving
focus and direction to studies for further improvement ( Kirkevold, 1997 ). Journal Articles on
Writing Literature Reviews Research Methods for Comprehensive Science Literature Reviews
Author: Brown,Barry N. The carefully examined examples can be like a treasure with multiple tips.
They provide detailed and very helpful instructions on how to conduct each step of the review
process. Nulla viverra, arcu et iaculis consequat, justo diam ornare tellus, semper ultrices tellus nunc
eu tellus. These propositions reveal important aspects such as tourist mobility or safety. Table 6
presents the five authors and journals that have contributed for research’s development. Best practice
is to number them based on the chapter (Table 2.1, Table 2.2 while in Chapter 2). The research team
started with an exploratory review of background documents and research studies to identify ways in
which patient portals may contribute to health service delivery and patient outcomes. Ferreira et al. (
2019 ) mention that one of the most suitable methods for analysing past research works is
bibliometric analysis.
A literature review has four main objectives: It surveys the literature in your chosen area of study.
Within its scope we are building an online observatory to provide a broad view of STTs’ offer in
Europe, the European STT Observatory. It mainly document the specific writings for the
acknowledgement of writings. You can also download a copy of our free literature review template
to help you establish an initial structure. Using Ethnography in Educational Research Value of Higher
Education for Students and Other Stakehold. A literature review must: be organized around the
research question you are developing cohesively summarize results of what is and is not known
identify gaps in the available literature formulate questions that you feel needs further research
Adapted with permission and thanks from The Literature Review Research Guide originally created
by Dr. Robert V. Labaree, University of Southern California. Our Resource List of study skills guides
includes sections on Referencing, Dissertation and project writing and Literature reviews. Why
conduct a literature review, stages of a literature review, lit reviews: an overview (video), check out
these books. Employees commit theft with the intention to harm organizations or individuals (
Sackett et al., 2006 ). It is a form of instrumental aggression (mainly toward the organization)
motivated by the will to: obtain approval, help colleagues, equalize conditions and protect oneself in
case of harmful actions of superiors ( Szostek, 2022 ). The specific goals were to investigate how
outcomes are produced and, most importantly, how variations in outcomes can be explained.
Clarysse et al. ( 2014 ) analysed the tension between knowledge and business ecosystems. In relation
to the success factors, they seem similar: diversity of organizations and key actors. This question was
formulated by Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff ( 2000: 110). So, you can think of it as an integrated
review of the state of knowledge around your research topic. Getting started Definition: A literature
review is a systematic examination and synthesis of existing scholarly research on a specific topic or
subject. This understanding highlights the configuration, structure and evolution of ecosystems
influenced by ecosystem process and territorial boundaries. It does not show arithmetic averages, but
the ranking at equal intervals. Does your introduction clearly convey the purpose of the literature
review. GSlides can create concept maps using their Diagram feature. Import web pages from Ref-
Grab-It bookmarklet downloaded from RefWorks, scraps the screen for information. Various articles
from cluster 2 criticize the analytical framework that produces long lists of factors that enhance
entrepreneurship. This figure expresses the actual distances between the technologies proposed by the
respondents and shows that the perceived technological status is close for the divergent ranking
categories. It’s possible that organizational commitment may increase if transactional leaders are
better equipped to instill organizational values in employees. It is our hope that our descriptive
account will serve as a valuable source for those conducting, evaluating or using reviews in this
important and growing domain. Likewise, the area of “innovation” gives way to a unique
“entrepreneurial ecosystem” based on “entrepreneurial education”, “university”, “higher education”
and “academic entrepreneurship”. It provides a digital canvas where users can create and manipulate
nodes representing concepts or topics, and connect them with lines to show relationships and
associations. For Library Updates Literature review: definition and example. This article has been
adapted into lecture slides that you can use to teach your students about writing a literature review.
Infant and Toddler Pedagogy Inservice Teacher Education Integrating Art across the Curriculum
Intelligence Intensive Interventions for Children and Adolescents with. A literature review is a
document or section of a document that collects key sources on a topic and discusses those sources
in conversation with each other (also called synthesis ). Given that you are presenting what the
literature says about a field of study, not what you think or believe, you must cite those authors that
actually make and provide the research evidence, theories, frameworks for practice etc.
A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. The literature that is
reviewed contains: books, articles, academic articles, conference proceedings, association papers, and
dissertations. In the present context, the notion of rigour refers to the reliability and validity of the
review process described in section 9.2. For one thing, reliability is related to the reproducibility of
the review process and steps, which is facilitated by a comprehensive documentation of the literature
search process, extraction, coding and analysis performed in the review. As the analysis is still
ongoing, the final weights of all sub-indices are not yet available, as explained in the next section
where appropriate. 4 Results - presentation and analysis We received 334 expert responses
worldwide, with an average completion rate of 82% (measured within the web application itself). To
highlight the different views on ST, we extracted the key concepts underlying the definitions of ST
compiled by Kononova et al. Finally, we plan to use the STT Smartness Index to assess the STT
offer in the European market. Fostering innovation is critical to the success of ST planning. We’ve
written a step-by-step guide that you can follow below. Conducting a literature review establishes
your familiarity with and understanding of current research in a particular field before carrying out a
new investigation. Try to analyze patterns, turning points and key debates that have shaped the
direction of the field. Those who will read this example of literature review will understand in which
way they should move to continue investigating the topic. Themes: what questions or concepts recur
across the literature. This understanding highlights the configuration, structure and evolution of
ecosystems influenced by ecosystem process and territorial boundaries. It is a broader term that
encompasses e-tourism but also includes the use of digital tools by tourists to prepare, organize,
control, and enjoy their travel experience. This framework will serve as a beneficial resource for
working managers, academics, and researchers, who seek to optimize economic productivity through
improved understanding and management of OCB and CWB. Table 4 shows the resulting overall
weights for the Tourist-Operator-Destination nexus. Table 4 reveals that the dataset contains 110
documents published between 2011 and 2022, representing the work of 276 authors from 32
different countries. Literature Reviews are Conducted For Various Reasons: 1. London: SAGE
Publications; 2006. Pawson R., Greenhalgh T., Harvey G., Walshe K. Realist review—a new method
of systematic review designed for complex policy interventions. Systematic reviews with discordant
findings can cause great confusion and make it difficult for decision-makers to interpret the review-
level evidence ( Moher, 2013 ). After the introduction, it grounds your research in a scholarly field
and leads directly to your theoretical framework or methodology. What are the key concepts and
how are they defined. Regarding the question concerning the Sustainability-Technology nexus, the
approach used to collect data in this particular Venn diagram does not allow the user to select the
intersections between Society, Technology and Environment, Economy. However, these attempts fell
short of achieving the desired indices. This study is based on the regular updating of databases with
the consequent increase or decrease in the number of indexed journals, so a bibliometric analysis of
an emerging topic can be subject to substantial variations in just a very few years. Depending on the
length of your literature review, you might want to divide the body into subsections. Any lit review
is only as good as the research it discusses; make sure your sources are well-chosen and your
research is thorough. The product resulting from reviewing the literature is the concern of this
section. A literature review is a survey of credible sources on a topic, often used in dissertations,
theses, and research papers. Given the strong emphasis on transformational leadership practices in
encouraging OCBs, these findings are intriguing.
In simple words, what key points will be added to the body part. Darlow and Wen (2015) provide a
good example of a highly structured narrative review in the eHealth field. Correct my document
today Writing literature reviews can be quite challenging. Lucidchart is a collaborative online
diagramming and visualization tool that allows users to create a wide range of diagrams, including
flowcharts, org charts, wireframes, and mind maps. Literature review A literature review is an
overview of the previously published works on a topic. In this case, although three fundamental
principles change places between the two statistical approaches (although they have similar ranks),
the experts were very consensual in their ranking of the fundamental principles of STT (Figure 13 ).
The literature review usually comes near the beginning of your thesis or dissertation. Thematic: If
you have found some recurring central themes that you will continue working with throughout your
piece, you can organize your literature review into subsections that address different aspects of the
topic. For Wang et al., ( 2021: 2), the creation of UEEs, currently, is a “hot topic.” Naturally, many
definitions were put forward, leading to the decision to present, chronologically, a selection of
definitions (Table 1 ). Take notes that you can later incorporate into the text of your literature review.
Such behaviors are termed as CCBs ( Yildiz et al., 2023 ). In another study, Yildiz et al. (2022)
examined the CCBs, anger, and moral disengagement levels of nurses during the COVID-19
pandemic. The term literature review can refer to the process of doing a review as well as the
product resulting from conducting a review. In addition to this, from the writer’s point of view, the
purpose of literature review is to have the validity of the research paper that no one can duplicate the
originals writings and if it is needed to use that research paper for another research, it must to
acknowledge the writers name as references in the journals or articles. Following is the most recent
recording of the workshop, Conducting a Literature Review. Critical Race Theory Crossborder and
Transnational Higher Education Cross-National Research on Continuous Improvement Cross-Sector
Research on Continuous Learning and Improveme. This is the driving force behind the creation of
the European STT Observatory. Most mentioned keywords Table 7 summarizes the applied
methodologies. It is clear, as identified in the visual analyses, that the Tourist is the most important
focus for STT, closely followed by the Destination, and the Tour Operator (Company) is not as
central to STT. The study reveals a strong growth in the structure of the TTO and its role as a
boundary, changing objectives and developing collaborations with other regional actors. Clusters
networks through the co-citation analysis technique Based on the visualization of Fig. 5 and after
analysing the resulting network and the content of the articles, it is concluded that the research is
divided into three thematic clusters (Table 8 ). Like any other academic text, your literature review
should have an introduction, a main body, and a conclusion. Conducting and writing a good
literature review is both personally and professionally satisfying. (Journal abstract). How to do (or
not to do) A Critical Literature Review Authors: Jesson,Jill; Lacey,Fiona Journal: Pharmacy
Education Pub Date: 2006 Volume: 6 Issue: 2 Pages:139 - 148 more. less. More and more students
are required to perform a critical literature review as part of their undergraduate or postgraduate
studies. It can be overwhelming getting into the literature of a field of study. While several
bibliometric and systematic literature reviews have advanced for a research agenda for academic
entrepreneurial ecosystems (AEEs), a holistic approach that integrates theories, attributes and
methods is still necessary. This work used data from the Scopus and WoS databases. You will often
see the terms “the research,” “the scholarship,” and “the literature” used mostly interchangeably.
Finally, we plan to use the STT Smartness Index to assess the STT offer in the European market.
ADCILONATRE of GRSTIH Clue: Delegates at the First Continental Congress wrote this
document. 2. NAGSNTIWOH. It can be anything to everything from a population of sample-sizes,
types, etc. The objective was to identify and summarize available information regarding different
approaches to defining RLR and the methodology applied to the conduct of such reviews.