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BUILDING CONSTRUCTION CONTENTS

 FOUNDATION
 BUILDING FRAME

 FLOOR
 WALL
 DOOR & WINDOW

 STAIRCASE
 ROOF
 CEILING

FOUNDATIONS Con’t

Foundation
Systems
Displacement Replacement

Deep Foundation Shallow

Foundation Driven
Precast Piles Cast-in-Place Bored Pile Caissons
Piles
•Timber Pile •Franki Pile •Percussion •Drop Caisson
- Pad •Steel Pile •Vibro Pile Bored •Hand-dug and
Displacement Replacement - Raft •Reinforce •Rotary Bored Machine-bored
- Strip Concrete Pile •Flush Bored Caissons

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DESIGN FACTORS BUILDING FRAME

 Elements:
 Column
 Loads
Beam
 Soil Conditions
 Cost
 Technology

PRE-CAST CONCRETE
FLOOR/SLAB
STRUCTURE
 Elements are cast and cured in industrial plants, Pre-cast concrete Slabs:
transported to the construction site and assemble as rigid  The most fully standardized precast concrete elements
components. and used for making floor and roof slabs.
 Elements: Slabs, beams, columns and wall panels.
 Control of the quality of material and workmanship is 4 types of moss commonly used precast slabs:
better than the conversional method. 1. Solid Flat Slab
 Use permanent form of steel, concrete, glass-fiber- 2. Hollow core Slab
reinforced plastic or vanish wood.
 Forms can be re-used for 100@1000 times before
3. Double Tee
renewed – low in cost per unit. 4. Single Tee
 Use steam to accelerate the curing of the concrete and
moisture for full hydration.

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PRECAST CONCRETE
WALL PANEL

 Normally, use for load bearing wall panel.

 The pre-stressing stands are located in the vertical of the

wall panels to strengthen the panel.

 Rigid foam insulation can be cast into wall panel for

thermal insulation.

ADVANTAGES OF PRECAST
CONCRETE STRUCTURE

 Giving high quality control in production.

 Labour on site greatly reduce.
 Minimize erection time.
 Can be delivered as and when needed, avoid the need for
site storage.
 High quality of individual elements.
 No formwork on site.
 Accelerate the construction period.

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DOOR & WINDOW

 Door elements:  Window type:

Glass louvres window
 Frame
Casement window
 Leaves
 Door material

STAIRCASE

 Allow occupants to travel from the level of one floor to

another.
 Accommodate occupants to going up and down from
different level of a building.
 Constructed as a straight flight stair or provided with a
landing or more.
 It also can be constructed in quarter turn stair with landing.
 Consist of element called STEPS/ TREAD for horizontal
and RISER for vertical.
 Materials : TIMBER, CONCRETE, STEEL and BRICKS

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QUARTER TURN
STAIRS

HALF TURN STAIRS SPIRAL STAIRCASE

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MATERIAL ROOF
FUNCTIONS:
 Brick
 To keep out of rain, wind, snow and dust
 To prevent excessive heat loss in winter
 Timber  To keep the interior of the building cool in summer
 To accommodate all stresses encountered
 Concrete  To accept movement due to changes in temperature and
moisture content
 To provide lateral restraint and stability to adjacent walls
 Steel
 To resist penetration of fire and spread of flame from external
sources.

TYPES OF ROOF

 Pitch Roof

 Flat Roof

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CEILING FUNCTIONS
 To enclose roof structures (pitch/flat) and upper floor in
order to flatten the surface.
 Similar to floor construction.
 Temperature and heat insulation (labs, factories etc).
 Final finishes to the building.
 Sound insulation (cinemas, halls, studios etc).
 Act as a cover to roof and floor.
 Fire resistant (office, factories).
 Ceiling installation depends on space
requirement and building design.
 Provide space for cables and ducting.

 Raised up and lower down the room level.

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TYPES OF CEILING CONCLUSION

 Jointless (tiada penyambungan).

 Frame and tiles system – exposed, conceal, combination,  All these elements are vital in building
clip/ screw, screw. construction.

 Linear strip ceiling.  They need to be maintained thoroughly to

ensure the safety aspects, longer life span
and cost savings.
 Louvre/open grid.

 Service integrated frame and tile.