Writing a literature review on antimicrobial activity can be a challenging task for many researchers

and students alike. It requires a thorough understanding of the subject matter, the ability to critically
analyze existing research, and the skill to synthesize information from various sources into a coherent
narrative. Additionally, the vast amount of literature available on antimicrobial activity can make it
overwhelming to navigate and sift through relevant studies.

One of the key difficulties in writing a literature review on antimicrobial activity is the need to stay
updated with the latest research findings. With new studies and discoveries being published
regularly, keeping abreast of the most current information can be time-consuming and demanding.

Furthermore, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the sources used in the literature review is
paramount. Researchers must be diligent in evaluating the credibility of the studies cited, considering
factors such as the reputation of the authors, the rigor of the research methodology, and the validity
of the results.

Given the complexities involved in writing a literature review on antimicrobial activity, many
individuals may find themselves in need of assistance. That's where ⇒ StudyHub.vip ⇔ comes in.
With a team of experienced writers who specialize in various academic fields, ⇒ StudyHub.vip ⇔
can provide invaluable support in crafting high-quality literature reviews.

By outsourcing the task to ⇒ StudyHub.vip ⇔, individuals can save time and energy while ensuring
that their literature review meets the highest standards of academic excellence. Whether you're a
student working on a research paper or a professional seeking to publish a scholarly article, ⇒
StudyHub.vip ⇔ can help you achieve your goals.

Don't let the challenges of writing a literature review on antimicrobial activity hold you back. Order
from ⇒ StudyHub.vip ⇔ today and experience the difference that expert assistance can make in
your academic or professional endeavors.
During the past few decades, his research directions have also included pathogen discovery and the
development of new strategies for identifying previously unrecognized microbial agents of disease.
Along with inducing ROS production, TP4 reduces antioxidant defenses by suppressing catalase and
glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and enhancing the cytotoxic in GBM cells ( 136 ). Temporin-1CEa
disrupts the cancer cell membrane, resulting in cell-surface phosphatidylserine exposure, a rise of
plasma membrane permeability, and quick transmembrane potential depolarization. Tropical Medicine
and Infectious Disease (TropicalMed). A key advantage of the DNA-directed programmable
approach is the opportunity to evolve molecules to optimize a selected function. Campana, R.;
Tiboni, M.; Maggi, F.; Cappellacci, L.; Cianfaglione, K.; Morshedloo, M.R.; Frangipani, E.; Casettari,
L. The chlorine and oxygen peaks were may be attributed to glass biomolecules that were present on
the surface of AgNPs or to chlorine on the glass slides that were used for sample preparation ( Fig. 4
). The voucher specimen number MAQ.2014.B313, was deposited in Department Herbarium of
Botany, Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi. Chemical structures of antibacterial bioactive
compounds. The antimicrobial activities of some plant species have been widely researched. The
compounds are viewed as a rich storehouse of novel pharmaceuticals, but why are the bacteria
making and releasing them. Another option for antimicrobial therapy is local delivery to periodontal
pockets. The antimicrobial action on the cell membrane reduces the development of drug-resistant
strains. Studies have shown potential inhibitory antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and
antiangiogenesis activities of AgNPs. AMPs bind to bacteria membranes in different models,
including a barrel-stave, carpet-like, toroidal pore model and a detergent-like model ( 56 ) ( Figure 3
). FIGURE 3. Moreover, when a new antimicrobial drug is released to market, it will require detailed
monitoring and stewardship. Write a review Update existing review Submit review Cancel It's good
to leave some feedback. She is a member of Women in Government Relations, the American Society
of Association Executives, and AAAS. The design and optimization of peptide mimetics represents
a promising avenue for new bioactive compounds. He was co-chair of the NAS Committee on
Advances in Technology and the Prevention of Their Application to Next Generation Biowarfare
Threats, and he recently chaired an IOM study committee related to vaccines for the protection of
the military against naturally occurring infectious disease threats. A final consideration is that these
methods are not capable of defining MIC values. Dr. Roselle received his medical degree from the
OSU School of Medicine in 1973. It has been demonstrated that Cecropin A and Cecropin B can
play an antineoplastic role by reducing tumor cell proliferation, interrupting DNA synthesis, and
lysing tumor cells directly ( 91 ). The DD method can be used for screening of susceptibility to a
larger number of antibiotics or a whole class of antibiotics; detection of certain important resistance
phenotypes, such as ESBL, carbapenemases, inducible resistance to macrolides ( Figure 2 ); or the
presence of a heteroresistant population of bacterial species in a sample that cannot be detected by
other phenotypic AST methods. Antibiotics (gentamicin and ciprofloxacin), or antifungal
(fluconazole) as well as PEG:Ethanol 50% were used as controls. Our results also revealed an
effective movement of silver and zinc ions toward the surface of the polyester material. While the
currently approved peptide-based antibiotics are mostly isolated from bacteria ( Table 1 ), many of
the antimicrobial peptides currently in clinical trials are chemically synthesized peptide mimetics (
Table 2 ). For example, telavancin is a semi-synthetic derivative of vancomycin. Besides, intratumoral
administration of NRC-03 reduced the progression of multiple myeloma xenografts in immune-
deficient mice models ( 162 ). He then moved to Pfizer in 1997 as manager of the Antibacterials
Biology Research group within the Antibacterials, Immunology, and Cancer Zone at the Groton,
Connecticut, research labs, and has taken on increasing responsibility since that time.
Alternatively, some antimicrobial peptides do not have direct antibacterial activity. Automated
systems for reading the results of gradient tests are also available (ADAGIO Automated System,
Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA). It has been shown that Tilapia piscidin 3 (TP3) reduced
GBM cell migration and metastasis through two different pathways. Since their introduction in
therapy, into the early 1950s, tetracyclines have constantly been modified according to the
capabilities of the pharmaceutical laboratories in a given time. Perhaps even more important, it may
be possible to explicitly exclude specific etiologic agents and obviate the use of broad-spectrum
treatments in case the cause of the infection was not as originally suspected. Nowadays, there are
new challenges regarding adding biocides to materials. The Effect of Lfcin-B on Non-Small Cell
Lung Cancer H460 Cells Is Mediated by Inhibiting VEGF Expression and Inducing Apoptosis.
Additionally, because of the low bacterial metabolic activity in the bulk layer of biofilm, lower
amounts of drugs are absorbed and the reaction is weak. Huang H-N, Rajanbabu V, Pan C-Y, Chan
Y-L, Wu C-J, Chen J-Y. Cyclic ACPs are closed peptides, are more stable than linear structures, and
consist of a head-to-tail cyclization backbone or S-S bonds that build cysteine knots ( 32, 33 ). As
drugs approved by the Federal Drug Administration (FDA), information about their pharmacological
characteristics (both safety and pharmacokinetic) in preclinical and clinical trials is widely available.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: A Comprehensive Review of Currently Used Methods. Staubitz
et al. altered all of the five tryptophan residues of indolicidin to phenylalanine that reduced the
hemolytic activity, while the antimicrobial activity against M. Despite the numerous advantages of
conventional cancer therapies, there are major drawbacks including severe side effects, toxicities, and
drug resistance. The accuracy of the DOT-MGA achieved results incomparable with those of the
BMD assay, with a time saving of about 14 h, and higher than combination disk tests. Conflict of
Interest The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or
financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. P53 and miR-210
Regulated NeuroD2, a Neuronal Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factor, Is Downregulated in
Glioblastoma Patients and Functions as a Tumor Suppressor Under Hypoxic Microenvironment.
When an intermediate isolate is characterised as susceptible or resistant, as well as when susceptible
or resistant isolate is reported as intermediate, a minor error is made. These mutations may impair a
programmed bacterial cell-death response to the antibiotics. Visit our dedicated information section
to learn more about MDPI. International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power (IJTPP).
The surveillance network should not only be nationwide, but linked to international efforts to
integrate worldwide data seamlessly. A final consideration is that these methods are not capable of
defining MIC values. International Journal of Translational Medicine (IJTM). However, it was
indicated that L-K6 translocated into the cell nucleus and accordingly disrupted the cancer cell
nucleus ( 33 ). The advantages and disadvantages of the commonly used methods of antimicrobial
susceptibility testing were summarised in Table 1. 5. Selection of Antimicrobial Drugs for
Susceptibility Testing, Interpretation, and Reporting Since there are a large number of antibiotics in
use, it would be irrational and pointless to test the susceptibility of isolates to all of them. Prior to
joining Emory in June 2005, Dr. Hughes served as director of the National Center for Infectious
Diseases (NCID) at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Newer and more potent
antibacterial compounds can be expected to fight the tetracycline-resistant pathogens. As a native of
Wooster, Ohio, Dr. King received his Bachelor of Science and Doctor of Veterinary Medicine
degrees from OSU in 1966 and 1970, respectively. International Journal of Translational Medicine
(IJTM).
MC and SH were the lead investigators, designed the study, conducted the experiments, supervised
the students, drafted the manuscript, and final proofreading. Another avenue worth pursuing would
be donation of such molecules, especially naturally occurring ones, by pharmaceutical or
biotechnology companies. Dr. Bond chairs the Academies’ Board on African Science Academy
Development and serves on the Report Review Committee for the Academies. This surface Plasmon
vibration confirmed the biotransformation from an ionic form to silver particles ( Huang et al., 2007
). Upon addition of R. stricta root extract in the aqueous solution of AgNO 3 and xylitol, the color
changed from pale yellow to orange brown due to reduction of silver ion ( Fig. 2A ). It was also
noticed that increase in the concentration of root extract in the synthesis reaction, increases the
particle size. The implications of this widespread resistance towards colistin have prompted several
countries to ban its use outside of the hospital system. Classification Framework and Chemical
Biology of Tetracycline-Structure-Based Drugs. Conversely, the propidium iodide penetrates only the
cells with a damaged membrane and reduces the SYTO 9 dye. Dr. Keusch is a member of the
American Society for Clinical Investigation, the Association of American Physicians, the ASM, and
the IDSA. Anti-Cancer Peptides: Classification, Mechanism of Action, Reconstruction and
Modification. Various challenges of practical techniques, such as experimental manpower, time, and
environmental and safety issues, can be partially addressed by computational methods ( 151 ).
Cytotoxic Effects of Smp24 and Smp43 Scorpion Venom Antimicrobial Peptides on Tumour and
non-Tumour Cell Lines. Various investigations on the pharmacognostics and kinetics of medicinal
plants have shown that crude extracts and plant-derived bioactive compounds may enhance the
effects of traditional antimicrobials, which may be cost-effective, have fewer side effects, and
improve the quality of treatment. He has published more than 100 technical publications in areas
including molecular biophysics, lipid self assembly, drug delivery, blood substitutes, medical
imaging, tissue engineering, neuroscience and diagnostics. She has served on several editorial boards
of scientific journals and has authored more than 250 articles and book chapters. Positions C5 to C9
can be chemically modified to affect their bioactivity and they are designed for the upper peripheral
regions, generating derivatives with varying antibacterial activity. Two Vitek 2 instruments are
available with test card (ID and AST) capacities of 60 cards (Vitek 2) and 120 cards (Vitek 2 XL).
Wang and colleagues showed that temporin-1CEa could induce cancer cell death in caspase-
independent and -dependent pathways. Kuroda K, Fukuda T, Krstic-Demonacos M, Demonacos C,
Okumura K, Isogai H, et al. Gout, Urate, and Crystal Deposition Disease (GUCDD). Subscribe to
receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals. She has just completed a
term on the Leadership Council of the School of Public Health of Harvard University. Feature papers
represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. A
Feature. A fresh approach would be to revise the operational definition of essentiality so that it more
accurately reflects the biological reality: Which genes are essential to the pathogen in vitro under
conditions that are relevant in the host. Synthesis of the AgNPs starts with the change in color from
pale yellow to orange brown upon the addition of R. Nisin, a Potent Bacteriocin and Anti-Bacterial
Peptide, Attenuates Expression of Metastatic Genes in Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines. The
amphipathic nature of antimicrobial peptides contributes to their ability to interact with bacterial
membranes. A Cancer Vaccine Based on the Marine Antimicrobial Peptide Pardaxin (GE33) for
Control of Bladder-Associated Tumors. It seems that these AMPs destroy the integrity of the nuclear
membrane that provides facilitated access of cisplatin and other DNA-related chemotherapeutic
agents to the cancer cell nucleus ( 109 ). The Anticancer Peptide CIGB-552 Exerts Anti-
Inflammatory and Anti-Angiogenic Effects Through COMMD1. JX and FC carried out the
antimicrobial mechanism experiments, helped to write the manuscript.
International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power (IJTPP). Additionally, growth failure
rates in the system have to be less than 10%. Also, these compounds are immunogenic with a short
half-life in vivo that makes them suitable for clinical applications ( 13 ). They were examined at
different concentration levels, incorporated into a polymer matrix (polyester), and then used as a
food contact surface. Besides, TP4 has shown promising anticancer effects independent of p53
status, making this AMP more appropriate for treating GBM cancer cells with impaired p53
mutations. Mr. Hosbach joined sanofi pasteur (then Connaught Labs) in 1987 in Clinical Research
and held positions of increasing responsibility, including Director of Clinical Operations. While in
Hyattsville, Dr. King directed the development of the agency’s National Animal Health Monitoring
System. His main commitment is to the Defense Threat Reduction Agency’s Biological Weapons
Proliferation Prevention Program in Europe, the Caucasus, and Central Asia. Steven J. Brickner,
Ph.D., is an independent consultant based in southeastern Connecticut. Thus, interpretations of
susceptibility to some common pathogens (e.g., Acinetobacter spp. and Stenotrophomonas
maltophilia ) and key antibiotics are lacking, resulting in the absence of AST reporting. All
modifications of group R4, R5 and R6 are allowed to give highly bacterial specificity and deep
changing in pharmacokinetics as result of modifying log P ( Table 1 ). This resource hasn't been
reviewed yet To ensure quality for our reviews, only customers who have purchased this resource can
review it Report this resource to let us know if it violates our terms and conditions. This report
identifies innovative approaches to the development of antimicrobial drugs and vaccines based on a
greater understanding of how the human immune system interacts with both good and bad microbes.
Previously, she spent 16 years at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of
Research and Development, National Health and Ecological Effects. Register for a free account to
start saving and receiving special member only perks. Auranofin, which is used for the treatment of
rheumatoid arthritis, has shown in monotherapy greater activity against a wide range of Gram-
positive bacteria including S. Antimicrobial Peptides With Selective Antitumor Mechanisms:
Prospect for Anticancer Applications. Colorectal Carcinoma: A General Overview and Future
Perspectives in Colorectal Cancer. In addition, the drugs trifluoperazine and amoxapine were shown
to be active against Yersinia pestis after screening of a library of 780 FDA-approved drugs to
identify molecules which reduce Y. Numerous preclinical in vitro studies, as well as insufficient in
vivo trials, have demonstrated that AMPs either alone or combined with conventional chemotherapy
would develop an efficient and safe therapeutic alternative to present chemotherapeutic regimens
that are based on the high dose of nonspecific and harmful cytotoxic agents ( 127 ). Each clone in
this library can be subjected to saturation signature-tagged transposon mutagenesis (Hensel et al.
1995) to generate a sublibrary. Bundle WJEC Topic 4.6 Disease, Defence and Treatment Whole topic
including exam questions and activities for WJEC Topic 4.6 Disease, Defence and Treatment ?2.50
Reviews Select overall rating (no rating) Your rating is required to reflect your happiness. This
workshop was planned by the Committee on New Directions in the Study of Antimicrobial
Therapeutics: New Classes of Antimicrobials (see Appendix B ). The antimicrobial action on the cell
membrane reduces the development of drug-resistant strains. Yudie Lv et al. showed that PFR, a sort
of AMP identified from the derivatives of lactoferrin, could promote necroptosis via ER stress and
consequent elevated cytoplasmic calcium. Dr. Morse also served as an adviser to WHO and several
government agencies. In this view TCs can be considered an optimum example of multi target drugs
and the first well documented in the literature. Zamaraeva M, Sabirov R, Maeno E, Ando-Akatsuka
Y, Bessonova S, Okada Y. She is a member of Women in Government Relations, the American
Society of Association Executives, and AAAS. It seems that these AMPs destroy the integrity of the
nuclear membrane that provides facilitated access of cisplatin and other DNA-related
chemotherapeutic agents to the cancer cell nucleus ( 109 ). Journal of Low Power Electronics and
Applications (JLPEA).