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https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/14/arts/music/ambient-
music.html

CRITIC’S NOTEBOOK

Ambient Music Isn’t a Backdrop. It’s an Invitation to

Suspend Time.
In the face of crisis, our critic turned to music that demanded that she relinquish
control.

By Isabelia Herrera Videos by Sofia Crespo

April 14, 2022

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When I heard the news that my mother had suffered a stroke, the feeling that surfaced
wasn’t despair, but an impulse to problem solve.

First, the doctor’s medical jargon flooded into my brain like ticker tape: a
cerebrovascular accident due to embolism of the left middle cerebral artery. Five
milligrams of Eliquis and 50 milligrams of Losartan and 50 more of Metoprolol, in

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addition to four other pills at morning, noon and midnight. My brother and I compiled
passwords to medical insurance platforms, patient portals and bank accounts in a
shared Notes app entry. We filled out paperwork for long-term disability payments. We
consulted lawyers, wondering how to handle my mother’s employer, who had
threatened to fire her if she did not return to work. A month after the stroke, the night
before my 29th birthday, we were in an accident that totaled my mother’s car. In the
hopes that she would eventually be able to drive again, I gave her a few thousand
dollars of my savings toward buying a new one.

The stroke wasn’t the only crisis. There was the dread of the upcoming presidential
election; the ceaseless drag of the pandemic; the expectation to complete my master’s
degree while I cared for my mother; and the reality that, as an immigrant family, our
full support system was back home in the Dominican Republic. For the most part, my
brother and I were on our own.

So, I Googled. I made playlists.

I called one “if you need to breathe,” all lowercase. I populated it with the soft-focus
synth tones and obliterating loops of ambient music. I scrolled through Spotify and
stumbled upon dozens of playlists engineered for mood regulation and self-care:
“Peaceful Indie Ambient,” “Lo-Fi Cool Down,” “Ambient Chill.” On Headspace, the
meditation app that costs $69.99 a year, I found curated soundscapes by the savant
producer Madlib and the songwriter John Legend intended to conjure soothing
atmospheres and facilitate productive workdays.

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It was clear that I was not alone. In recent years, ambient music has become an
escapist salve for a planet coping with mass death, political instability, climate anxiety,
the incessant culture of overwork and the dissociation these conditions cause. The tech
world has been quick to cash in: In 2017, the critic Liz Pelly wrote about the
proliferation of Spotify’s “chill” playlists, referring to it as “an ambition to turn all
music into emotional wallpaper.” This is late capitalist Muzak, smooth-brain anesthesia
to pacify the mind.

But in the months following my mother’s stroke, after I rematriated into her one-
bedroom apartment in Chicago, ambient music was not just some commodified act of
self-care. Listening to it demanded that I relinquish control. It asked me to dispense
with progressive time. It forced me to slow down and confront collapse.

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At the top of “if you need to breathe” is Alessandro Cortini’s “Iniziare.” Cortini, the
Italian musician who started out as a guitarist, keyboardist and bassist for Nine Inch
Nails, is also known for his ghostly, narrative-driven synth music. On “Iniziare,” Cortini
arrests time. A single synth tone, at first bound to the earth, floats 40,000 feet in the air,
spiraling into astral fragments. Ripples of electronic feedback crest into peaks and
valleys of stretched echoes, decayed into hollowed abysses. Time becomes supple,
pliant, disobedient. Listening to it, I am forced to close my eyes, to feel the way that
sound travels over the body, shape-shifting into nonlinear drift. I am detached from
any deterministic version of the future. In this place between lightness and darkness,
pleasure and pain exist in equal measure. I experience all the fragmentation of life, the
reminders of trauma and uncertainty I have woken up to for the last four months.
Here, I refuse to let grief become self-definition: I live unfettered from the speed of
emergency.

Ambient music has always contained a kind of subterranean knowing. The British
musician and critic David Toop, who wrote “Ocean of Sound,” the defining 1995 text on
the music, recently argued that it has become severed from the philosophical qualities
suggested during its genesis in the 1970s. Back then, ambient represented an alternate
protocol for listening and music making. In a 2019 essay, Toop refers to it as a musical
form “committed (implicitly or explicitly) to an engagement with interpretations and
articulations of place, environment, listening, silence and time.” In his view, it is music
that inspires “a state of mind attuned to inclusivity,” rather than “withdrawal.”

And yet, the dominant vision of ambient music today is a cartoonish inversion of these
aspirations. In a multibillion-dollar wellness industry, streaming platforms and
meditation apps frame ambient as background music — something for detached
listening and consumption. It is spa and yoga music, or field recordings for
undisturbed, restful sleep. Instead of embracing ambient’s potential — its capacity to
soften barriers and loosen ideas of sound, politics, temporality and space — the music
has become instrumentalized, diminished into sound-as-backdrop.

It is a funny thing to think about ambient music as utility, as if it is something that

allows for selective engagement. Like the musician Lawrence English wrote, “To
ignore music is not to listen to it.” Rather, experiencing ambient music — to allow its
political, philosophical and oppositional knowledge to become visible — requires a full
use of the senses. It means tapping into the sensorial vitality of living: the tactile,
spatial, vibrational and auditory experiences that being human affords us.

The experimental music pioneer Pauline Oliveros foresaw how a sensorial approach to
music and listening could cultivate politically dynamic thinking. She spent her life
developing a theory of deep listening, a practice that promotes radical attentiveness. In
this approach, there is a distinction between hearing versus listening; the former is a

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surface-level awareness of space and temporality, and the second is an act of

immersive focus. “Deep Listening takes us below the surface of our consciousness and
helps to change or dissolve limiting boundaries,” she wrote in 1999. “Listening is
directing attention to what is heard, gathering meaning, interpreting and deciding on
action.”

In 1974, in response to the tumult of the Vietnam War, Oliveros published a series of
text-scores called “Sonic Meditations,” a precursor to her deep listening theory. The
project explores how body-centered sound exercises can foster focused perception.
Oliveros developed “Sonic Meditations” from gatherings of women she organized at
her home. In these meetings, the group, which emerged in the context of the women’s
liberation movement, would do breathwork, write in journals and practice kinetic
awareness exercises each week. The experience was designed to be collective, using
intimacy and introspection to nurture a sense of healing.

I practiced deep listening with my “if you need to breathe” playlist, especially with the
new-age innovator Laraaji’s composition “Being Here.” It is hard to pinpoint exactly
when “Being Here” clicks: maybe it’s at the 10-minute mark, or the 15-minute mark or
even at its beatific, 25-minute close. Laraaji, who has been releasing music since the
late 1970s, produces aural glossolalia — divine, luminescent melodic debris. Listening
to his music, I am held in an unspoken embrace with his vision of the present, notes
refracting like sunlight caressing the azure waters of the ocean. This is music that curls
into the ears, mutating into an imagined Elysium, stopping time and space. It’s not just
scenery, not a simple balm for immeasurable pain.

For some, the lessons of “Being Here” might recall some sort of empty practice of
mindfulness, a concept so often misappropriated as a wellness buzzword. That
enterprise often tells us to “be present” so that we can self-optimize and better function
as workers and individuals, rather than as human beings who are part of a community.
But “Being Here” is not a demand to recharge for productivity. It asked me to forget
the looping of time, to disengage with any kind of predictive chronology — about my
mother’s recovery, but also about surviving a continuous state of hardship. Being here,
slowing down, was not about inactivity or lack of energy. It was about releasing myself
from the imperative to withdraw in the face of precarity. It was an insurgent break in
time — a call to drench myself in the reality of a catastrophic present and to equip
myself to do something about it.

The lived experience of diaspora is an entangled state of resilience. There is an

assumption that we carry innate endurance, a superpower that enables us to
perpetually surmount inherited trauma and injustice. It even lives in our speech: In
the Dominican Republic, a simple “How are you?” is often returned with the phrase:
“Aquí, en la lucha.” Here, in the struggle. Struggle is an embodied condition, a

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quotidian truth.

In the months after my mother’s stroke, I often received messages of resilience from
family and friends. “Tú eres una guerrera, como tu mamá,” they said. You’re a warrior,
just like your mother.

Back then, I often thought about what it’d be like to be freed from the expectation of
resilience. I turned to “if you need to breathe,” wondering if there would be some
untapped reserve of strength there. Its most played song was “Palace of Time” by Jefre
Cantu-Ledesma, an ambient multi-instrumentalist and chaplain who provides spiritual
guidance to patients and families in hospitals. Listening to its 21 minutes of suspended
vibraphone, piano and snare brushes, I released the pressure of everlasting tenacity. I
wondered how anyone could hear this music as a self-absorbed retreat to the mind.
Held in the reverie of “Palace of Time,” a portal opened to something different:
thoughtful, dedicated attention.

I won’t pretend ambient music is some kind of comprehensive solution for a world
contending with death, war and devastation. But I do wonder how, on an infinitesimal
scale, listening closely might free us from the logic of hasty, individualistic action.
When I force myself to listen closely, I hear a refusal to analyze, judge and act with
immediacy. In its call to suspend time, the music carries the potential to press pause on
the punishing velocity that attends disaster, that robs our attention and predetermines
a fixed future. I hear the promise to act deliberately, collectively and with care, to
embrace intentional observation and action — the durational practice of a lifetime.
Audio produced by Parin Behrooz.

Isabelia Herrera is an arts critic fellow. She covers popular culture, with a special focus on Latin American and
U.S. Latino music. She was previously a contributing editor at Pitchfork and has written for Rolling Stone,
Billboard, GQ, NPR and more. @jabladoraaa

A version of this article appears in print on , Section AR, Page 14 of the New York edition with the headline: The Power of a Spurned Genre

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