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Water insecurity also impacts those communities suffering from extended drought and those served
by coastal aquifers vulnerable to sea level rise or saltwater intrusion. However, Pollution by nitrate is
a globally growing problem due to the population growth, increase in the demand for food and
inappropriate Nitrogen application. Through time series analysis of keywords, we found that the
research on WRCC originated from scholars’attention to population carrying capacity, groundwater
resources, urbanization, water shortage and risk assessment. There are recent and ongoing efforts
among Oregon natural resource agencies, led by the Oregon Water Resources Department (OWRD),
to develop an Integrated Water Resources Strategy, gain a better understanding of the quantity and
quality of water in aquifers, prepare for droughts, engage local communities in place-based planning
and develop a 100-year vision for water in Oregon. A thesis submitted to the Department of
Geography and Rural Development, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Mantey S (2017) Galamsey,
pollution destroying water bodies in Ghana—Water Company, March 22, 2017. Work around
California’s Human Right to Water and related mapping tool, and additional applications of the
Household Water Insecurity Survey by researchers over the next few years will help to grow the
evidence base. Sanctions for rules violation are by slaughtering of sheep to sanctify the gods or
ancestors, payment of fines to community elders or the provision of schnapps, local chief or the
priests or priestesses (Sarpong 1993 -1995; Mensah 1999; Opoku-Agyeman 2001 ). Of the 95
articles, the majority were water resources, environmental studies and engineering focused, while
fewer than 10 articles focused on public health. Immerzeel, W. W. et al. Importance and vulnerability
of the world’s water towers. In the analysis of keywords co-occurrence in papers related to water
resources carrying capacity, the most frequently occurred keyword is “water resources carrying
capacity”. The system stores the necessary information needed from the customer and creates a
billing invoice for the customer. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Of all
renewable natural resources, water is the most precious of all and it is a basic requirement in the
sustenance of all forms of life, complementing our basic needs such as food production, as well as
effectively contributing to socio-economic development. The search results need to be accurately
and carefully screened. Water insecurity disproportionately affects populations experiencing
homelessness in Oregon. In every Purok there is a Barangay Council assigned to managing the
maintenance and meter reading to be submitted to the treasurer of the Barangay. Management, Meter
reading, Payment collection works on the. Vitamins are essential nutrients that contribute to a
healthy life. This publication was supported by the Cooperative Agreement Numbers 1
NUE1EH001347 and 5 NUE2EH001330, funded by the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention. Therefore, the search results need to be accurately and carefully screened. Oregon
currently has no public health-focused water insecurity program, but partner programs within OHA
such as Drinking Water Services, Domestic Well Safety Program (DWSP), Climate and Health
Program and the Acute and Communicable Disease Program (ACDP) are working in this area. Also
climate change as well as fiscal factors coupled with environmental pollution from waste (both
municipal and industrial waste), leaching of toxic chemicals from fertilisers and pesticides used in
agriculture, has further deepen the woes in the potential use of this freshwater resource for our
needs. Afterwards, other concepts such as Land Carrying Capacity ( Shi et al., 2013 ),
Environmental Carrying Capacity ( Li et al., 2019 ), and Resource Carrying Capacity ( Wang et al.,
2020 ) emerged, peaking research on carrying capacity. The Nawuni River in the Northern region of
Ghana has experienced massive sand winning activities and that has continuosly altered the color of
the River (Mantey 2017 ). SMS and E-Mail notification at different billing cycle stages.
Operationally, IWRM approaches involve application of diverse knowledge from disciplines and
insights from stakeholders to devise and implement equitable, efficient and sustainable solutions and
development problems of water (GWP 2000 ). Photograph of meter reading can print on consumer
bill. We’ll occasionally send you promo and account related email. Human intervention affects water
resources directly through water use, particularly irrigation, and indirectly through land-use change,
such as agricultural expansion and urbanization. In this paper we intend to present the design and
development of a low cost system for real monitoring of water quality in an IOT environment.
Distinctive sensors are utilized for information obtaining. Consumptive use or ex situ use With the
consumptive use, basically water is withdrawn or taken from its main source. “Water intake” refers
to the quantity withdrawn, usually some part of this water is consumed or lost and the remaining
quantity seeps into the original source. Way forward (future prospect) in Ghana’s Water Resource
Management Aside from the managerial gaps in water resources management, other constraints of
WRM include illegal mining, bad or improper agricultural practices (the new phenomenon of
chemical farming) leading to eutrophication, waste disposal and management, clearing of the forest
(timber extraction) and climate change. Although, there are not many credible sources that discuss
this topic. We assessed 2323 articles and gray literature items for relevance. The recent lack of water
in Sunyani was not due to equipment but farming activities, where the residents blocked the river
course in order to irrigate farms (Mantey 2017 ). Cobbina et al. ( 2010 ) reported coliform counts in
water from all the dugouts in both wet and dry seasons were, however, above the recommended
limits for drinking water. Water bill information will also be generated by the system, which will be
particularly useful to water agencies. There are few water insecurity policies that seek to promote
public health and health equity. What can be done to ameliorate the situation, thus looking for
possible ways or solutions towards management of Ghana’s water resources. Reservoirs and
impoundments are constructed to facilitate potable water, create platform for irrigation and the core
been hydroelectric power generation. Radishes tend to grow quickly, granted that they are planted
and cared for correctly. The scale is most applicable to low-income and unincorporated peri-urban
and rural communities connected to water services, but the scale can be adapted to assess
communities not connected to water services as well. Automatic Bill SMS will send to the consumer
register number. Meetings with US-based key informants revealed that water insecurity policy and
intervention development is underway, but each state interviewed (OR, WA, CA) is pursuing its own
approach. The system stores the necessary information needed from the customer and creates a
billing invoice for the customer. The search took place from June to September 2017, and research
articles from 1998 to 2018 were reviewed. OWRD has completed basin studies in the Deschutes,
Willamette and Klamath basins to understand the relationship between and availability of
groundwater and surface water. Some of the gaps in water resources management (thus customary
laws and practices, statutory and IWRM) in Ghana include Existing water laws and regulations are
not properly enforced; hence they are not robust enough to address the menace. For the future,
IWRM policy approach can be implemented in Africa and the continent has the potential to
implement and adopt the practice. We can see that due to the similarity of some research content, in
order to obtain more accurate data in bibliometric research, it is very necessary to finely screen
results. The WAWRP is founded on the following legal principles; (a) “promote, coordinate and
ensure the implementation of a regional water resource policy in West Africa, in accordance with the
mission and policies of Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)and (b)
“harmonization and coordination of national policies and the promotion of programmes, projects and
activities, especially in the field of agriculture and natural resources”. The system consists of several
sensors are used to measure physical and chemical parameters of the water. The long-standing
engagement between Uganda and the Nordic Fresh Water initiative helped in the diffusion of IWRM
strategy in the country. Mineral dissolution, cation exchange and silicate weathering influenced the
quality of groundwater. Regulatory institutions in Ghana Institutions mandated to direct control and
manage the standard of water include: Water Resources Commission (WRC), Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA), National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP), Public Utilities Regulatory
Commission (PURC). The Densu River in the Greater Accra Region, which draws its water source
from Western Accra that is situated around the Weija dam, has been polluted due to industrial waste
and farming activities. In the broadest sense, technology extends our abilities to change the world: to
cut, shape, or put together materials; to move things from one place to another; to reach farther with
our hands, voices, and senses. In order to obtain more accurate topic-related results, this study
proposed a refined literature screening process, which is a three-stepped screening method ( Figure 2.
We further divide the concrete steps of bibliometric analysis of WRCC into four stages.
Eligibility criteria followed an adapted SPICE (Setting, Perspective, Intervention, Comparison and
Evaluation) structure ( Table 1 ). At this stage, which extends 6 years, 20 methods out of 47 methods
have been proposed and applied. On one hand theoretical system of WRCC has been further
enriched and improved, For example, Wang et al. (2017) first constructed an evaluation index system
for WRCC from the four aspects of “quantity, quality, region and flow”. Finally, in West Africa,
Burkina Faso and Ghana made significant strides in operationalising the IWRM strategy by adopting
the West Africa Water Resources Policy (WAWRP). Adopting renewable energy sources Climate
change has eluded local, regional and national concerns and has become to be can a renowned
global issue that has a toil on water resources. Human intervention affects water resources directly
through water use, particularly irrigation, and indirectly through land-use change, such as
agricultural expansion and urbanization. It ensures that either all operation in a transaction are
completed but errors occurred when the bothers are attempted. (Ramez Elmasri and Shamkant B.
Navathe). As stated in the conceptual framework the study will have 2 possible outcomes such as
the system will help them manage loads of water bills. In order to acquire more comprehensive search
results, in the first stage, multiple search terms should be selected. Specific roles or responsibilities
must be assigned to stakeholder or the architects in water resources management Most of water
resources in Ghana are situated in rural areas. After the first 500, the records no longer contained, in
relevant application, usage of the words “water”, “carrying”, “capacity” or “water”, “bearing”,
“capacity”. This calls for new approaches in which nitrate leaching can be analysed in order to give
better understanding of nitrate fate and transport process for proper management of groundwater.
WRCC and land resources carrying capacity belong to the research category of resources carrying
capacity, therefore carrying capacity is also a hot vocabulary in the research scope of WRCC. From
2000 to 2010, the number of articles published increased. The uniqueness of our proposed paper is to
obtain the water monitoring system with high frequency, high mobility, and low powered. Basically,
the freshwater resources in Ghana comprise surface water include Volta river system, South-Western
and Coastal River Systems (Ghana National Water Policy 2007 ). Water resources commission
pursuant to the Water Resources Commission Act, 19961 for proper management of Ghana water
resources, inter alia. Lack of involvement of community in decision making as the top-down
approach is still more prevalent. For the future, IWRM policy approach can be implemented in Africa
and the continent has the potential to implement and adopt the practice. On the contrary, in
Zimbabwe, a lack of access to international funding and fleeting donor aid exacerbated the policy
uptake as such the anticipated implementation, operationalisation and continuous feedback
mechanism for policy revision and administering process was never realised. 3.2.4 Government
intervention and pro-active citizenry. Oregon currently has no public health-focused water insecurity
program, but partner programs within OHA such as Drinking Water Services, Domestic Well Safety
Program (DWSP), Climate and Health Program and the Acute and Communicable Disease Program
(ACDP) are working in this area. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Qi, H., Jiang, J. Y., Ying, L.
I., Shi, Z. G., and Yin, P. H. (2016). Current research status and perspective of water resources
carrying capacity in the arid and semi-arid regions of northwest China. The above two scenarios are
part of the foundations of this research. Reports will be generated on time, and content of reports
shall embody Business Intelligence and Decision Support system. This can help other researchers to
replicate the study and to compare the findings with other studies. Federal government websites
often end in.gov or.mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal
government site. This system stores the system users' credentials, client info, and clients' water bills.
Study findings may be difficult to find due to varied definitions and uses of water insecurity and
water security. There is no clear distinction as to ownership of water in the customary practice; it
varies from community to community. By analyzing the excel files exported from the Web of
Science website, we discovered 47 methods from 271 articles used in WRCC calculation and
evaluation ( Figure 4 ). FIGURE 4. Summary of WRCC methods.