You are on page 1of 8

Writing a literature review on Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) can be a challenging task due to

the vast amount of research available in this field. It requires extensive reading, analysis, and
synthesis of existing scholarly articles, journals, books, and other relevant sources to provide a
comprehensive overview of the topic. Moreover, understanding the complexities and advancements
in wireless technology adds another layer of difficulty to the process.

One of the main challenges faced by individuals when writing a literature review on WAP is the
need to critically evaluate and integrate diverse perspectives, methodologies, and findings from
various sources. This involves identifying key themes, debates, and gaps in the existing literature to
offer new insights or propose future research directions.

Furthermore, organizing the information coherently and structuring the literature review in a logical
manner requires careful planning and attention to detail. Ensuring that the review is well-written,
concise, and adheres to academic standards adds to the complexity of the task.

Given the complexities and challenges associated with writing a literature review on WAP, it is
advisable for individuals to seek assistance from professional writing services like ⇒ StudyHub.vip
⇔. With experienced writers who are knowledgeable about the topic, ⇒ StudyHub.vip ⇔ can
provide custom literature reviews that meet the specific requirements and standards of academic
institutions. By ordering from ⇒ StudyHub.vip ⇔, individuals can save time and effort while
ensuring the quality and credibility of their literature review on Wireless Application Protocol.
A micro-browser on the mobile device provides similar functionality to a web browser on a desktop
computer, although its capabilities are limited due to the constraints imposed by the architecture of
the mobile device (limited display space, processing power and memory). Early Tech Adoption:
Foolish or Pragmatic? - 17th ISACA South Florida WOW Con. Avoiding Bad Stats and the Benefits
of Playing Trivia with Friends: PancakesC. These smart phones are able to use TCP and IP to request
and receive data from the internet. This is the area that is paged when a subscriber gets an incoming
call. Being a global open specification suite, WAP has generated the. Introduction. Wireless
Application Protocol (WAP) is a universal open standard developed by the WAP forum to provide
users of mobile devices access to telephony, Internet, and web services WAP is designed to work
with GSM, CDMA, and TDMA. A proxy can also improve access times and make more efficient use
of network bandwidth by storing copies of frequently accessed resources. Polcha Next steps on
Transport SDN - OIF Panel OFC 2015 Next steps on Transport SDN - OIF Panel OFC 2015
Deborah Porchivina Wireless application prorocol Wireless application prorocol 9535814851 WAP
WAP Parthipan Parthi Wap 1 Wap 1 Vruti Surani More Related Content Viewers also liked What is
WAP. Create a standard wireless protocol that works on all wireless network technologies. WML
Encoder WML-Script WMLScript Compiler WTAI Protocol Adapters Content Etc. Upon request,
the MS sends this number over the signaling channel to the network. If handover is not required, the
mobile station continues to transmit in the same frequency. CTID: Client Transaction ID M: Method
Invoked RU: Request UR. Jari Alvinen Nokia. Business challenge. There must be one global
wireless network language and protocol stack Internet developers will only write to one global
wireless Internet. Cellular Network. Introduction. Early mobile system objective was to achieve a
large coverage using single high power antenna Impossible to reuse the same frequencies in the same
coverage area. The remainder of this overview will concentrate on presenting WAP from a software
developer’s perspective so that other software developer’s can be quickly brought up to speed.
Architecture Overview (layers) Bottom up description of the stack Relation to WebTP and
differences. The Ministry of Utmost Happiness by Arundhati Roy The Ministry of Utmost Happiness
by Arundhati Roy Dr. NN Chavan Keynote address on ADNEXAL MASS- APPROACH TO
MANAGEMENT in the. This will allow many vendors to be able to play to the same tune when they
are furthering the development of their products. Scalability: Works with many transport protocols
and on a wide range of hand held devices so that a wider range of users can be reached regardless of
what wireless device is being used. Presented By: Swati Shukla. Overview. WAP Introduction WAP
architecture requirements Architecture overview World-wide web model WAP model Components of
WAP architecture Sample Configuration of WAP technology. The back-and-forth behind
controversial entries could help reveal their true value. Louis Region CapTechTalks Webinar Feb
2024 Darrell Burrell.pptx CapTechTalks Webinar Feb 2024 Darrell Burrell.pptx Sudden Death of
Beliefs Sudden Death of Beliefs Different types of animal Tissues DMLT.pptx Different types of
animal Tissues DMLT.pptx Website Fixer-Upper Series to Boost your Online Presence Website Fixer-
Upper Series to Boost your Online Presence 50 D. WAP is designed to work with all wireless
network technologies (GSM,TDMA,CDMA). The gateway then processes the request, retrieves
contents or calls CGI scripts, Java servlets, or some other dynamic mechanism, then formats data for
return to the client. Unleashing the Power of AI Tools for Enhancing Research, International FDP on.
When ready, the WML is sent back to the client for display. Share it to your friends and learn new
things together. WAP Definition Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) is an application environment
and set of communication protocols for wireless devices designed to enable manufacturer, vendor
and technology independent access to the Internet and advanced telephony services.
This data is formatted as WML (Wireless Markup Language), a markup language based directly on
XML. Presented By: Swati Shukla. Overview. WAP Introduction WAP architecture requirements
Architecture overview World-wide web model WAP model Components of WAP architecture
Sample Configuration of WAP technology. When ready, the WML is sent back to the client for
display. In the future, devices and service systems that use WAP will be able to interoperate.”.
Wireless service providers, ISPs, Software companies in the. Architecture Overview (layers) Bottom
up description of the stack Relation to WebTP and differences. Early Tech Adoption: Foolish or
Pragmatic? - 17th ISACA South Florida WOW Con. WTLS offer data integrity, privacy,
authentication. Mobile Internet. Originally perceived as one of the primary motivators for wireless
data applications Hyped as “Internet Anywhere” Result was WAP. Mobile Internet. Originally
perceived as one of the primary motivators for wireless data applications Hyped as “Internet
Anywhere” Result was WAP. Instead, focus on how you can leverage the strength of the medium to
design your next killer app. Page 18. WTA This service provides tools that provide for a range of
advanced. SIMs or smart cards in wireless devices is already widespread and. However because it is
possible that the receiver may not be available the applications usually will set a timer. The user is
connected with both channels for a while. Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria The Ministry of Utmost
Happiness by Arundhati Roy The Ministry of Utmost Happiness by Arundhati Roy Trushali Dodiya
Dr. NN Chavan Keynote address on ADNEXAL MASS- APPROACH TO MANAGEMENT in the.
Internet model WAP Model POZNAN SUPERCOMPUTING AND NETWORKING CENTER 9.
Access to telephony related functionality Designed to minimize required bandwidth and impact of
latency Page 8. The WAP Forum’s membership roster now includes computer industry heavyweights
such as Microsoft, Oracle, IBM, and Intel along with several hundred other companies. These types
of environments include PDAs, wireless phones, pagers, and virtually any other communications
device. WAP is designed to work with all wireless network technologies (GSM,TDMA,CDMA). The
forum’s membership now includes players such as Microsoft, IBM, Oracle and Intel. Presented By:
Swati Shukla. Overview. WAP Introduction WAP architecture requirements Architecture overview
World-wide web model WAP model Components of WAP architecture Sample Configuration of
WAP technology. WAP Architecture Figure illustrate the relationship of the major components of the
WAP suite to wireless bearer services. WAP Architecture Other layers protocols are WSP, WTP,
WTLS, WDP. WAP is designed to work with all wireless network technologies
(GSM,TDMA,CDMA). Wireless Trend in next 3 years 0100200300400500600700800900 1,000
Now 2013 Wireless DeviceUsersMobilePhone Users Internet PC Users in InMI LLIONS s Page 4. In
essence, it is a standardized technology for cross-platform, distributed computing. These include
CDPD, CDMA, GSM, PDC, PHS, TDMA, FLEX, ReFLEX, iDEN, TETRA, DECT, DataTAC, and
Mobitex. WAP is designed to work with all wireless network technologies (GSM,TDMA,CDMA).
Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria D.pharmacy Pharmacology 4th unit notes.pdf D.pharmacy Pharmacology
4th unit notes.pdf SUMIT TIWARI Bayesian Analysis Fundamentals with Examples Bayesian
Analysis Fundamentals with Examples Tushar Tank 50 D. Both TCP and UDP are capable of being
supported, permitting both reliable and unreliable datagram delivery. Mobile Internet. Originally
perceived as one of the primary motivators for wireless data applications Hyped as “Internet
Anywhere” Result was WAP. Create a standard wireless protocol that works on all wireless network
technologies. Introduction. Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) is a universal open standard
developed by the WAP forum to provide users of mobile devices access to telephony, Internet, and
web services WAP is designed to work with GSM, CDMA, and TDMA. IETF PILC group that has
recommended the use of some of these mechanisms for TCP implementations in long. Put a flag on
it. A busy developer's guide to feature toggles. GSM Architecture. Development of the GSM
Standard. 1982: Groupe Special Mobile (GSM) created 1985: List of recommendations are settled
and intensely supported by the industry. WAP is designed to work with all wireless network
technologies (GSM,TDMA,CDMA). The WAP layers are: Wireless Application Environment (WAE)
Wireless Session Layer (WSL) Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS). It does not therefore
require a WAP gateway, but a proxy server is often used to optimise communication. Wireless Trend
in next 3 years 0100200300400500600700800900 1,000 Now 2013 Wireless
DeviceUsersMobilePhone Users Internet PC Users in InMI LLIONS s Page 4. Cellular Network.
Introduction. Early mobile system objective was to achieve a large coverage using single high power
antenna Impossible to reuse the same frequencies in the same coverage area. Avoiding Bad Stats and
the Benefits of Playing Trivia with Friends: PancakesC. WAP is designed to work with all wireless
network technologies (GSM,TDMA,CDMA). Early Tech Adoption: Foolish or Pragmatic? - 17th
ISACA South Florida WOW Con. The client retrieves the first card off of the deck and displays it on
the monitor. The latter represents well-defined data formats for images, phone book records, calendar
evens and similar information under the WAE and WML users the familiar addressing model based
on Uniform Resource Locators (URLs). WAP is a universal open standard developed by WAP Forum
to provide mobile users, pagers and PDA’s access to Internet. The gateway then processes the request,
retrieves contents or calls CGI scripts, Java servlets, or some other dynamic mechanism, then formats
data for return to the client. Most controversial, especially for many from the IP side, was the design
of WAP over IP. Introduction. Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) is a universal open standard
developed by the WAP forum to provide users of mobile devices access to telephony, Internet, and
web services WAP is designed to work with GSM, CDMA, and TDMA. Unleashing the Power of AI
Tools for Enhancing Research, International FDP on. Consists of components Network transport
protocols Security capabilities. Being able to do e-business anytime and anywhere started off as a
reality and has become a basic business necessity. Will WAP comply with Third Generation wireless
standards. The WAE consists of the Wireless Markup Language (WML), WMLScript, and the
Wireless Telephony Application Interface (WTAI). John Bollen MBA 651. Agenda. Introduction
WAP Formation and Philosophy Technical Introduction WAP Protocol Stack Optimal WAP Bearer
WAP Development Issues WAP Developer's Toolkits WAP Forum Members List WAP Clients and
Gateways Applications. Therefore, there is still a need to optimize the device and network. Polcha
Next steps on Transport SDN - OIF Panel OFC 2015 Next steps on Transport SDN - OIF Panel OFC
2015 Deborah Porchivina Wireless application prorocol Wireless application prorocol 9535814851
WAP WAP Parthipan Parthi Wap 1 Wap 1 Vruti Surani More Related Content Viewers also liked
What is WAP.
WAP is a universal open standard developed by WAP Forum to provide mobile users, pagers and
PDA’s access to Internet. The preplanned approach is used for handoff execution all the three
processes are for both the horizontal and vertical handoff. The WAP Forum was created with the aim
of assisting the convergence of two rapidly-growing network technologies. The replacement
protocols were similar in operation, and provided the same services as their standard counterparts,
but were optimised for the constraints of a mobile wireless environment and designed to operate
over any bearer network technology as opposed to only IP-based networks. WAP Introduction.
WAP- Wireless Application Protocol is a protocol for accessing information and services from
wireless devices. Introduction. Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) is a universal open standard
developed by the WAP forum to provide users of mobile devices access to telephony, Internet, and
web services WAP is designed to work with GSM, CDMA, and TDMA. This request is received by
a WAP gateway that then processes the request and formulates a reply using WML. WAP is a
universal open standard developed by WAP Forum to provide mobile users, pagers and PDA’s access
to Internet. The later versions of WAP were primarily for the United States region and was designed
for a different requirement - to enable full web XHTML access using mobile devices with a higher
specification and cost, and with a higher degree of software complexity. These include CDPD,
CDMA, GSM, PDC, PHS, TDMA, FLEX, ReFLEX, iDEN, TETRA, DECT, DataTAC, and
Mobitex.” ( Image data sourced from ). Reusability: Extends and adapts to existing Internet
standards so that as the standard is further developed it can be added to and continue to grow. The
initial design of WAP was specifically aimed at protocol independence across a range of different
protocols (SMS, IP over PPP over a circuit switched bearer, IP over GPRS, etc). Dr. NN Chavan
Keynote address on ADNEXAL MASS- APPROACH TO MANAGEMENT in the. The gateway
provides the interface between the web server, to which it is connected via the Internet, and the
mobile client, to which it connects via the client’s wireless bearer network. Unleashing the Power of
AI Tools for Enhancing Research, International FDP on. Wireless Datagram Protocol The WAP
Datagram Protocol (WDP) represents the transport layer used by WAP. WAP version 2.0 went a long
way towards remedying this situation, however, and WAP saw a revival of its fortunes between
2003 and 2004. Put a flag on it. A busy developer's guide to feature toggles. Being able to do e-
business anytime and anywhere started off as a reality and has become a basic business necessity.
Put a flag on it. A busy developer's guide to feature toggles. One WSP session normally will consist
of a series of request response transaction performed by the WTP layer. IETF PILC group that has
recommended the use of some of these mechanisms for TCP implementations in long. Introduction.
Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) is a universal open standard developed by the WAP forum to
provide users of mobile devices access to telephony, Internet, and web services WAP is designed to
work with GSM, CDMA, and TDMA. Jari Alvinen Nokia. Business challenge. There must be one
global wireless network language and protocol stack Internet developers will only write to one global
wireless Internet. Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria D.pharmacy Pharmacology 4th unit notes.pdf
D.pharmacy Pharmacology 4th unit notes.pdf SUMIT TIWARI Bayesian Analysis Fundamentals
with Examples Bayesian Analysis Fundamentals with Examples Tushar Tank 50 D. Wireless
Transaction Protocol In the event unreliable datagram delivery occurs, it is then up to the WAE to
have an application add reliability if so desired. WAP client applications make requests very similar in
concept to the URL concept in use on the Web. Mobile Internet. Originally perceived as one of the
primary motivators for wireless data applications Hyped as “Internet Anywhere” Result was WAP.
The request from the mobile device is sent as a URL. Other documents on this site go into much
greater detail on development specifics including in-depth reviews and demonstrations using a
variety of vendor packages.
Presented By: Swati Shukla. Overview. WAP Introduction WAP architecture requirements
Architecture overview World-wide web model WAP model Components of WAP architecture
Sample Configuration of WAP technology. These layers include the Wireless Application
Environment (WAE), which is equivalent to the ISO reference model’s application layer at the top of
the stack and the Wireless Datagram Protocol (WDP) which is located at the bottom of the WAP
stack. WAE comprises WML (Wireless Markup Language), WML Script, WTAI etc. WAP content
was originally created using the Wireless Markup Language (WML), an XML-based version of
HTML optimised for wireless environment, and hosted on a standard web server. How Does It
Work? WAP uses some new technologies and terminologies which may be foreign to the software
developer, however the overall concepts should be very familiar. WAP Definition Wireless
Application Protocol (WAP) is an application environment and set of communication protocols for
wireless devices designed to enable manufacturer, vendor and technology independent access to the
Internet and advanced telephony services. In the future, devices and service systems that use WAP
will be able to interoperate. This goal is also reflected in the logical model underlying WAE show in
the next slide figure. As a general example, consider the following explanation (exact details may
vary on a vendor-to-vendor basis). The WAP forum, whose original members included Nokia,
Ericsson, Unwired Planet and Motorola, is now part of the Open Mobile Alliance (OMA). Wireless
Application Protocol (by Mintoo Jakhmola) 1. A WAP browser provides all of the basic services of a
computer based web browser but simplified to operate within the restrictions of a mobile phone,
such as its smaller view screen. This request is received by a WAP gateway that then processes the
request and formulates a reply using WML. WAP is a universal open standard developed by WAP
Forum to provide mobile users, pagers and PDA’s access to Internet. Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
Recently uploaded ( 20 ) Unleashing the Power of AI Tools for Enhancing Research, International
FDP on. To enable easy, fast delivery of relevant information. Being able to do e-business anytime
and anywhere started off as a reality and has become a basic business necessity. These include
CDPD, CDMA, GSM, PDC, PHS, TDMA, FLEX, ReFLEX, iDEN, TETRA, DECT, DataTAC, and
Mobitex. WebTP Meeting H. Wilson So 14 Feb, 2000. Outline. What is Wireless Application
Protocol. The user is connected with both channels for a while. Both TCP and UDP are capable of
being supported, permitting both reliable and unreliable datagram delivery. John Bollen MBA 651.
Agenda. Introduction WAP Formation and Philosophy Technical Introduction WAP Protocol Stack
Optimal WAP Bearer WAP Development Issues WAP Developer's Toolkits WAP Forum Members
List WAP Clients and Gateways Applications. They are described below (note that the network layer
bearer protocols are not a part of the WAP specification). The back-and-forth behind controversial
entries could help reveal their true value. Extensibility: As vendors produce newer and more various
forms of wireless products the WAP must easily adapt to new technology to ensure continued
usability. Class 2 is also reliable and state full but returns a result for every message sent. John Bollen
MBA 651. Agenda. Introduction WAP Formation and Philosophy Technical Introduction WAP
Protocol Stack Optimal WAP Bearer WAP Development Issues WAP Developer's Toolkits WAP
Forum Members List WAP Clients and Gateways Applications. Mobile Internet. Originally perceived
as one of the primary motivators for wireless data applications Hyped as “Internet Anywhere” Result
was WAP. Wireless Transport Layer (WTP) The WAP was conceived by four companies: Ericsson,
Motorola, Nokia, and Unwired Planet (now Phone.com). The Wireless Markup Language (WML) is
used to create pages that can be delivered using WAP.
Create a standard wireless protocol that works on all wireless network technologies. Wireless
Transaction Protocol In the event unreliable datagram delivery occurs, it is then up to the WAE to
have an application add reliability if so desired. This, together with improved availability of web
authoring tools that support XHTML MP, means that it has become easier to create web content that
is suitable for mobile devices. As indicated in figure, the WAP stack is subdivided into five layers.
John Bollen MBA 651. Agenda. Introduction WAP Formation and Philosophy Technical
Introduction WAP Protocol Stack Optimal WAP Bearer WAP Development Issues WAP Developer's
Toolkits WAP Forum Members List WAP Clients and Gateways Applications. This data is formatted
as WML (Wireless Markup Language), a markup language based directly on XML. GSM
Architecture. Development of the GSM Standard. 1982: Groupe Special Mobile (GSM) created
1985: List of recommendations are settled and intensely supported by the industry. Introduction.
Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) is a universal open standard developed by the WAP forum to
provide users of mobile devices access to telephony, Internet, and web services WAP is designed to
work with GSM, CDMA, and TDMA. Rola infrastruktury informatycznej nauki w rozwoju
innowacyjnych uslug i apl. Unleashing the Power of AI Tools for Enhancing Research, International
FDP on. The advantage of soft handoff Is the chance of call termination is very low as it is make
before break. Enhanced for WAP 2.0 release, it is based on the Composite. The goal was to develop
a technology that would operate over any kind of mobile wireless network, including GSM, CDMA
and TDMA-based networks, and 3G technologies such as UMTS. If a subscriber leaves this area,
this information is stored in the VLR of another MSC. John Bollen MBA 651. Agenda. Introduction
WAP Formation and Philosophy Technical Introduction WAP Protocol Stack Optimal WAP Bearer
WAP Development Issues WAP Developer's Toolkits WAP Forum Members List WAP Clients and
Gateways Applications. While Internet access has been possible in the past, different manufacturers
have used different technologies. GSM Architecture. Development of the GSM Standard. 1982:
Groupe Special Mobile (GSM) created 1985: List of recommendations are settled and intensely
supported by the industry. WAP Architecture Figure illustrate the relationship of the major
components of the WAP suite to wireless bearer services. These smart phones are able to use TCP
and IP to request and receive data from the internet. Most controversial, especially for many from the
IP side, was the design of WAP over IP. Authoring tools for WAP content were not widely available,
and the level of support provided by service providers varied considerably. Wireless Application
Protocol (by Mintoo Jakhmola) 1. WAP Introduction. WAP- Wireless Application Protocol is a
protocol for accessing information and services from wireless devices. Introduction. Wireless
Application Protocol (WAP) is a universal open standard developed by the WAP forum to provide
users of mobile devices access to telephony, Internet, and web services WAP is designed to work with
GSM, CDMA, and TDMA. Reusability: Extends and adapts to existing Internet standards so that as
the standard is further developed it can be added to and continue to grow. In achieving this goal,
WAP becomes capable of operating over both current low-bandwidth wireless networks and
emerging broadband networks. The deck of cards metaphor is designed specifically to take advantage
of small display areas on handheld devices. The latter represents well-defined data formats for
images, phone book records, calendar evens and similar information under the WAE and WML users
the familiar addressing model based on Uniform Resource Locators (URLs). The client retrieves the
first card off of the deck and displays it on the monitor. The precise implementation of WDP is
dependent on the network layer protocol used by the bearer network, although on IP-based networks
it is effectively the same as UDP.
This data is formatted as WML (Wireless Markup Language), a markup language based directly on
XML. Why are equipment manufacturers interested in WAP. Access to telephony related
functionality Designed to minimize required bandwidth and impact of latency Page 8. Avoiding Bad
Stats and the Benefits of Playing Trivia with Friends: PancakesC. The time for which both channels
are used in parallel is short. The micro-browser on the client device decompresses and interprets the
resulting byte-code and displays the results on the mobile device’s display. Presented By: Swati
Shukla. Overview. WAP Introduction WAP architecture requirements Architecture overview World-
wide web model WAP model Components of WAP architecture Sample Configuration of WAP
technology. WAP is a universal open standard developed by WAP Forum to provide mobile users,
pagers and PDA’s access to Internet. Mobile Internet. Originally perceived as one of the primary
motivators for wireless data applications Hyped as “Internet Anywhere” Result was WAP.
Unleashing the Power of AI Tools for Enhancing Research, International FDP on. Wireless Trend in
next 3 years 0100200300400500600700800900 1,000 Now 2013 Wireless DeviceUsersMobilePhone
Users Internet PC Users in InMI LLIONS s Page 4. WAP's transmission layer protocol, WTP, uses
its own retransmission mechanisms over UDP to attempt to solve the problem of inadequacy using
TCP over high packet loss networks. Introduction. Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) is a
universal open standard developed by the WAP forum to provide users of mobile devices access to
telephony, Internet, and web services WAP is designed to work with GSM, CDMA, and TDMA. To
match the different requirement of different types of applications, three classes of transport are
defined: Class 0 is much like UDP in the fixed-wire world, in that it provides an unreliable, stateless
connection, in which no result is communicated and abort function is not supported. Wireless Session
Protocol If the timer expires prior to the receipt of a response the originator will assume that the
receiver is unavailable and will terminate the session. WAP Definition Wireless Application Protocol
(WAP) is an application environment and set of communication protocols for wireless devices
designed to enable manufacturer, vendor and technology independent access to the Internet and
advanced telephony services. There has been considerable discussion about whether the WAP
protocol design was appropriate. Before the introduction of WAP, service providers had extremely
limited opportunities to offer interactive data services. Presented By: Swati Shukla. Overview. WAP
Introduction WAP architecture requirements Architecture overview World-wide web model WAP
model Components of WAP architecture Sample Configuration of WAP technology. This is the area
that is paged when a subscriber gets an incoming call. Early Tech Adoption: Foolish or Pragmatic? -
17th ISACA South Florida WOW Con. The profile also defines the method for TLS tunneling to
support end-to-end security at. Feature of WAP Flexibility: WAP must be able to work well with
many applications requirements. Cellular Network. Introduction. Early mobile system objective was
to achieve a large coverage using single high power antenna Impossible to reuse the same frequencies
in the same coverage area. These include CDPD, CDMA, GSM, PDC, PHS, TDMA, FLEX,
ReFLEX, iDEN, TETRA, DECT, DataTAC, and Mobitex.” ( Image data sourced from ). System
ArchitectureNetwork Switching Subsystem Authentication Center (AUC) Protects against intruders
in air interface Maintains authentication keys and algorithms and provides security triplets (
RAND,SRES,Kc) Generally associated with HLR Provides authentication and encryption
parameters that verify the user's identity and ensure the confidentiality of each call. The client
retrieves the first card off of the deck and displays it on the monitor. Consists of components
Network transport protocols Security capabilities. WTLS offer data integrity, privacy, authentication.

You might also like