taal > MALAYSIAN —ms318201.0) STANDARD DEMOLITION OF BUILDINGS - CODE OF PRACTICE (FIRST REVISION) ICS: 93.020 Desc ton, code of protce, works, demaliton, buildings © Copyright 2010 Cp DEPARTMENT OF STANDARDS MALAYSIA 4c) ¢DEVELOPMENT OF MALAYSIAN STANDARDS The Department of Standards Malaysia (STANDARDS MALAYSIA) is the national standards and accreditation body of Malaysia, The mai function of STANDARDS MALAYSIA is to foster and promote standards, ‘Standardisation and accreditation as @ means of advancing the national economy, promoting industrial efficiency and devolopmoit, bonfiting the health and safety of the public, protecting the conoumers, facilitating domestic and international trauke aiid furthering international cooperation in relation to slanarts aiid stat tlanusetiort Malaysian Stanards (MS) are developed inrough consensus by committees which comprise balanced representation ot producers, users, consumers and others with relevant interests, as may be appropriate to the subject at hand. To the greatest extent possible, Malaysian Standards are aligned to or are adoption of international standards. Approval of a standard as a Malaysian Standard is governed by the Standards of Malaysia Act 1996 [Act 549], Malaysian Standards are reviewed periodically. The use of Malaysian Standards is voluntary except in so far as they are made mandatory by regulatory authorities by means of regulations, local by-laws or STANDARDS MALAYSIA has appointed SIRIM Berhad as the agent to develop. distribute and sell the Malaysian Standards. For further information on Malaysian Standards; please contact: Department of Standards Malaysia OR — SIRIM Berhad Minisuy of Science, Technology and Innovation (Company No. 367474 - V) level 4 & 2, Block 2300, Century Square 1, Persiaran Dato’ Menteri Jalan Usahawan Section 2 63000 Cyberjaya 40000 Shah Alam Selangor Darul Ehsan Selangor Darul Ehsan MALAYSIA MALAYSIA Tek 60 3.8318 0002 Tel: 60.3 5544 6000 Fax: 60 3 8319 3131 Fax: 60 3 5510 8095 hitpvAwmw.standardsmataysia.gov.my hitp:/twnwsirim.my E-mail: cent al@standausi ialaysia yuv.iny E-mail; msontine@sinm.myMS 2318:2010 (P) CONTENTS 234 2.3.2 3 34 32 324 3.22 3.23 324 325 3.26 33 371 3.32 PLANNING Building Appraisal and Demolition Plan Building Survey ‘Structural Survey Dilapidation Survey ‘Demolition Pan and Stobility Report including Calculalivts ‘unites Termination of Utilities Effects of Demolition on Utilities Common Utilities Maintenance of Certain Utilities Hazardous Material Asbestos Containing Material Soil Contamination Material PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES Goneral Hoarding and Covered Walkway Requirements for Hoarding, Covered Walkway and Catch Platform Dimensions Design Criteria Proper Use of Covered walkway Construction Lighting Scaffoldings and Screen Covers Scaffaldings Scteen Covers © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010- lights reserved Page ©eee @ anac wo 2 10 10 10 10 " “1 15 15 45 5 15 16Ms 2318:2010 (P) 34 344 3.42 36 3.54 352 9.6.9 354 355 3.56 36 38.4 302 36.3 or ard 37a 373 Catchfan Requirements Steel Catehfan ‘Temporary Supports General Materials and Types Luaus Siructural Analysis and Desian Temporary Propping System Ereetion and Dismantling Protection of Properties General Parly Walls and external Walls Foundation Stipnert Protection of Traffic Adjacent Trattic Traffio Management Plan Site Access 3.8 Special Safety Considerations 3.8.1 3.8.2 383 384 3.8.5 3.86 3.87 39 394 3.9.2 3.93 394 3.40 2.10.4 3.102 3.103 3.104 3.105 3.106 3407 ‘Training and Communication Equip mont Maintenance Electrical Safety Tire Cccupational Health Emergency Exit Requirements in Demolition Sites, Vibration Environmental Precautions Air Pollution Noise Water Hazardous Materials Debris-and Waste Handing Chutes Debris Recyciing Dust Minimization Debris Accumulation Debris Disposal and Management System Debris Loading Waste Management "7 17 18 18 19 eI 24 2 23 24 © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010- Allrights resendatt 312 4a 42 424 42.2 423 424 425 426 ALT 43 43.4 432 49.9 43.4 435 138 437 4a 441 442 AS 454 452 46 464 462 4ar 47a 472 473 474 475 A768 MS 2318:2010 (P) Inspection and Maintenance Post-Demolition Precautions METHODS OF DEMOLITION General ‘Top Duwi - Manual Method General Demolition Sequence Cantilevered Structures and Balconies Exterior Walls, Beams and Columns Floor Stabs. Interior Beams Interior Columns Top Down ~ By Machines General Demolition Sequence Cantilevered Canopies ana Balconies Exterior Walls, Beams and Columns. Floor Slabs Interior Beams Interior Columns ‘Mechanical Method by Hydraulic Crushers with Long Bouin Arm Generat Application Criteria Wrecking Ball General Application Criteria Implosion Pre-blast Considerations General Concerns Other Methods Non Explosive Demolition Agent Saw Cutting Cutting and Lifting Mechanical Demolition Thermal Lance Water Jet (© STANDAROS MALAYSIA 2010- Al rights reserved 30 4 at 31 32 32 36 33, a 47 ar 50 56 57 57 erMs 2318:2010 (P) 53.4 5.3.2 533 34 544 oA? 543 55 86.1 55? 56 56.1 56.2 56.3 87 B74 572 57.3 58 58.1 58.2 583 ‘SPECIAL STRUCTURES Precast Concrete Structures. General Simple Precast Construction Continuous Precast Construction Prestressed Concrete Structures General ‘Ciassmication of Prestressed Concrete Structures Precautionary Site Measures Detnullton Proceaures. Statically Determinate Structures General Cantievered Siructures Hinged or Pin Jointed Trusses Composite Structures and Steel Structures, General Deiulltion weno Shoring of Slender Member Cladding Walls Demolition Method Guidelines Hanging Structures General Demolition Method Guidelines Oil Storage Facilities General Demolition Method Guidelines Marine Structures General Demolition Method Guidelines: 74 “4 m” 3 7 7 78 78 83 83 83 86 86 888 87 87 Bf 87 88 (© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010 -Allighis reservedMS 2318:2010 (P) 5.9 Underground Structures 88 591 General 88 5.9.2 Demolition Method 89 5.9.3 Gutdelines 80 5.10 Structures Supporting Ground or Sitting on Slopes 90 5.10.1 General . 0 5.10.2 Demolition Method 90 40.9 Guidelines 90 6 SITE SUPERVISION AND INSPECTION Oa 61 General 91 £2 Retidont Supervision for Demin uf Cumplex Structures 1 Annex A DEMOLITION CHELKLIS! . 92 B DEMOLITION PLAN CHFCKI Ist 20 © PRESTRESSED CONCRETE AND GUIDELINES FOR IDENTIFICATION 09 D _ BLANK (NO CONTENTS) 101 E BLANK (NO CONTENTS) 102 F- EXAMPLE OF DEMOLITION PLAN AND STABILITY REPURI FOR TOP DOWN MANUAL METHOD 103 G _EXAMPI F OF DEMOLITION PLAN AND GTADILITY REPORT FOR TOP DOWN, METHOD BY MACHINES 19 Tables Table 3.1 Width of Covered Walkway 12 Vable3.2 Design Criteria for Covered Walkwvay and Caich Platform 12 Table 3.3 Minimum specication for Pulythylene Net 1" Table 3.4 Propping Requirements on the Operation of Mechanical Plant on Suspended Floor 2 Table 41 Summary of General Characteristics of Demoltion Mothods 34 Table C-1 Normal Span Depth Ratio of forced Concrete Floor ‘System, Exceeding which could be an Indication of the Existence of a Prestressed System 100 Figures, Figure 3.1 Criteria for Hoarding & Covered Walkway " Figure $.2 Typical Steel Catch Platforms and Covered Walkways 13 Figure 4.1 Demolition of Cantlevered Reinforced Concrete Slab (Manual Method) 7 Figure 1.2 _ Demolition of Canlilevered Reintorced Concrete Stab and Beam(Manual Method) 38 ‘© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010 - Alights reserved yMS 2318:2040 (P) Figure 4.3 Figure 4.4 Figure 4.5 Figure 4.6 Figure 4.7 Figure 4.8 Figuro 4.0) Figure 4.10 Figure 4.14 Figure 4.12 Figure 4.49 Figure 4.14 Figue 4.15 Figure 4.16 Figure 4:17 Figuro 4.18 Figure 5:1 Figure 6.2 Figura 83 Figure F.1 Figure Fz Fioure F.3 Figure F:4 Figure F.5 Figure F.6 Figure F.7 Figure G.1 Figure G.2 Figure 6.3 Figure Gia Figure G.5 Demalitinn of External Beam (Manual Mothod) Details for Securing External Beams before Dismanting (Manual Method) Pre-woakening and Dismantling af Column (Manual Method) Felling of Reinforced Concrete Wall (Manual Method) Feling of Reinforced Concrete Wall Separately rom the Cross Beam (Manual Method) Demolition of Two Way Slab (Manual Method) Demolition of Gecondary Bea (Matic Mettivd) Details for Securing Secondary Beams Before Dismantling (Manual Method) Typical Sequence of Top Down Method with Mechanical Equipment Demolition of Cantlevered Siab by Mobile Machine {Conventional Method) Remalition of Reinforced Concrete Framo by Excavator With Coble Demolition of Reinforced Concrete Wall by Excavator Demoiltion by Hyaraulie Crusher with Long Arm Boom Operation of Wrecking Ball Application of Wire Saw Techniques Mechenical Methods Lining of Precast Structural Element Protection for Detensioning of Prestressed Concrete Tendons ‘Common Problome Coour in Cantilevered Structures Site Plan and Adjoining Site Conditions lypical oor Plan and Existing Building Information Elevation A Demolition Procedure and Sequence Precauliv tary Measures Typical Support at Cantilever Typical detail for Party Wall Strengthening Site Plan and adjoining Site Conditions Typical Floor Plan and Existing Building Information Elevation A, Demolition Procedure and Sequence Precautionary Measures (© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010 - Alright reservedMS 2318:2010 (P) FOREWORD This Provisional Malaysian Standard” was developed under the provision of the Standard of Molaysia Act 1996 (Act 649). This Provisional Malaysian Standard is the first revision of MS 282: Part 1, Code of practice for burding operations code: Part 1: Demolition. This code of practice was drafted to provide quidance on safe and geod practices for emotion Works and tor compliance with the requirements of the relevant provisions by local authorities as wall =< good practices in demolition works in Malaysia. This code uf practice was developed based on the Code of Practice for Demolition of Buildings oublished by Building Mepartmente of Hong Kong in year 2004. Suiie uinerdments were made to the code where appropriate to suit local condition, The code contains basic information for the prartiionore and contraotore on beter plan ‘and control when carrying out demolition works. Users of the code should exercise their Iofessional judgment in the epplicalivn oF ils Code in selgeting the most suitable demollion method. Compliance with 2 Matayeian Stondord docs wut uf itself comer immunty trom legal obligations, 4 Reena standos’means a saad which hs ot undereone he nr recede of etre connie providing supports to a hanging structure ast ean® 2 temporary fence enclosure erected along the site boundary to separate the demolition site fram the adjacent proportion; arpplesivn” iearss demomtion with the use of explosives, in which, the building debris falls inwards or in a controlled manner: punbiocion Expert” meas a person wno has soquired adequate knowledge and exporience in pulling implosion through training and aractical experienes and io competent hi taking ap ine Tun responsibiity to design, organise and control building implosion, jNon-Ventilated Light Well” means a light well which does not provide either riatural ventilation ‘fmough openings at both top and bottom, or mechanical ventilation that allow circulation of ait; “Party Wall” means a commen wall that separates two adjoining bulldinos: celtic Filling Area” means dumping site approved by the Goverment for recelving sutable onstruction andlor demolition waste for reclamation and land formation projects; caagistered Specialist Contractor in the Demolition Category” moane a contractor registered with CIDE under the category of “demoliion work’ or such contracior 8s approved by GIDB neaistered Professional Engineer” means a person whose name is forthe time being registered Srp 2oHrd, of Engineers Malaysia as a professional engineer under the category of GIL STRUCTURE; “Standards of Scaffold” mean vertical members of scaffolding; cniahilty Report accompanying Demolition Plan” is @ stably report which includes staity Serine calculations fr the building 10 be demolished, is suppors, i any, the adjoining properiey {and the loading due to powered mechanical plants, or equipment. {Structural Survey” means a survey un the existing structural element prior to demolition in order to check the layout arrangement of structural elements, the state of maintenance and deterioration, and ‘any structural implication thet may affect the demolition; 2 ‘© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010- Al Fights reservedMS 2318:2010 (P) “Thermal Lance” means an intense heat process used to cut or sever struetural elements, including reinforced concrete elements, by means of a high temperature torch with heat source generated from fusinn of axygen and motal. 2. PLANNING 24 Building Appraisal and Demolition Plan Prior to carrying out any building demolition, detailed building appraisal by means of surveys and appropriate: cosesmiens sliall Le required. In general, ihe surveys shall include a Bulding Survey, a ‘Structural Survey and a Dilasidation Survey with photographs ar videos taken for future reference, Based on the findings of these surveys, a demoition plan shall then be prepared and submitted to the Local Authoritics. The demolition plan must also be accompanied by a report together with structural calculations assessing the stablity of the building 1o be demolished and all affected buildings, structures, streets, land and services. 24.4 Building Survey A) Record Drawings Privi (u the: Building Survey, the existing record plan, including layout plan showing adjoining properties, pedestrian walkway. roads and siree!. elt. shall he retrieved, B) Survey ema The Building Survey shall cover the following: 1) The construction materials; 2) The existing 110 and, i possible, the pact uses of tha building prior to demolition; 9) The presence of wastewater, hazardous materials, matters arising from toxic chemicals, flammable or exolosive and radioactive materials, etc. and possible presence of materiale which can contribute to air pollution and soil contamination; 4) Potential dangerous areas, e.g., abnormal layouts. presence of enclosed voids, and nan- ventilated light wells which may trap obnoxious gas at the bottom; 5) Adjoining properties and site conditions, such as the existence of slope and retaining wall, wall supporting ground, illegal structures, bridges, underground railway and its above Ground structures, including entrances, vent sha‘ts, distribution substations, traction Substations, plantrooms, overhead railway structures, surface track sections, overhead cables or guy wires, and other utility service connections; 6) Drainage conditions and possible problems on water pollution, flooding and eros especially un sloping sites and water receiving bodies: 7) Shared facilities with adjoining building, including common staircases, party walls, and possible effect on it, sucli as seltenciosed walls 0 the adjoining buildings, during demolition; (© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010 - Al ghls reservedMs 2318:2010 (P) °) 242 A) 8) 8) 9) Hoarding and covered walkway requirements; Adjoining pedestrian and vehicular traffie conditions; 10) Available headroom, clear spaces and distance of billing from lot boundary which may "1 affect the loading operation and transportation of building debris during demoition; ) The sensitivity of neighbourhood with respect to noise. dust. vibration and leaffin impart 12) Avoilablo eito orca to allow on-site sorting uf building Uetais, anid 13) Steet tumiture such as fire hydrant, parking space/metres, street light, street sign and hawkers’ stalls which could be affected by tho demolition project. Hazardous Materials 1) 2) 3) 4 1) 2) 3) 4) Unless the Building Survey reviews that no obvious hazerdous material is present in the buiiding, the Reyisteieu Specialist Contractor (emotion) shall cause proper sampling and testing for the hazardous materials: In tho oace when hazardous mateiials e-y., asvesios curitalilng materials, or petroleum, ‘are present, they shall be removed and cleaned/disosed of according to the statiitory requirements; In the case when the site has previously been used to store chemicals, and other Uangerous goods, so contamination assessment shell be required al pre-demoliion stage and/or post-demolition stage; and In the case when the sile has previously been used to store explosives, special Procedures to ensure no expiosives remain on site will be required Structural Survey Record Drawings Prior to the Structural Survey, the existing record layéut, structural framing plans and structural Jelails shall be studied, The Registered Professional Engineer shall check the presence of Unusual detailing that may cause abnnrmal struetural behaviour during demolition, 6.g., upward anchor of tensile reinforcement in cantilevered structures. If existing record plans ‘are available, these plans shall be used as reference and preferably be brought along with the Structural Survey. ‘Survey tems The Structural Survey shall cover the following ‘The structural materials used; ‘The original structural system employed in the design; ‘The method of construction; Any dilapidation and degree of deterioration on any structural element ‘© STANUARUS MALAYSIA 2010- Al rights reserved°C) D) 6) ” 8) 9) MS 2318:2010 (P) The structural conditions of adjoining structures and its shoring which may be affected by the proposed demolition work; ‘The presence of continuous structures that may be truncated b)\the demolition; The structural system and structural conditions of baeements) underground tanks or underground vaults; The prosonce of exposed bracing ar pncsinle presence of covered bracing: The nature of walls, wiretli its blockwal, reinforced conerote walls, load bearing walls or perition walls; 10) Cantilevered etructures such es canopies, balvonies, or other forms of architectural 11). Any fixtires ta the bul features; and 1g Such ae eignboard, oun-sheding devices. Special Suuctures ‘The Structural Survey shall review the following: 1) 2) 3) 4 the correctness of structural information availahle: the prosonos of ony unconventivial stiuuiural elements referred to in 2.7.3 A) 3) which ‘may require special attention and well-defined modification procedures, the possiblities of structural modification to enable efficient demoliion traffic during demolition; and any limitation on sharing and other temporary eupport. Investigation and Testing the case when no structural details are available, the Structural Survey shall include on site measurement and retrieve any structural framing as much as practicable, performing tests and exposing some key structural elements to facilitate checking on existing structure. This will allow {the development of procedures that ensure the stablity of the building at all stages. during demolition, Dilapidation Survey a) The Registered Specialist Contractor (Demolition) shall carry out inspection of the axisting structural condition of the surrounding buildings before commencement of any demolition works. A dilanidation survey shall alco be carried out by a Reyislered Specialist Contractor (Demolition) prior to demolishing any structures. ©) This survey shall be carried out hy taking photos of neighbouring structures. All Prominent defects in the form of cracks, settlement, water seepage, corrosion of reinforeement subsidence end uiler bullding defects will be recorded in photographs together with notes. @ STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010--Allrights reserved 5MS 2318:2010 (P) ©) In the event, any structural feiure or defects to the surrounding buldings or structure, iet, land ‘ond services caucod by the demolition works, the Registered Spexialis Contractor (Demolition) shail immediately carry out inspection works of the defects ‘dentified and record all indings including report on the stability of the neighbouring buildings (i any) 9) The Registered Specialist Contractor (Demolition) shall rectify and make good all the defects at his won expense as soon as nassihie Demolition Plan and Stability Report includina Calculations: A) Demolition Plan ‘A Demolition Plan shall include the following: 1) 2) 3) ‘Aplan showing: a) the location of the huileling tn he demolished; b) auetaied topography of the ste and its surrounds together with ground level contours and sections of the slopes and ground sunnaried hy the building where appropriate; ©) detaiis of ground removal and/or backliling; and ) the distances from the building to be domolichod to ils adjacent buildings, streets, structures and significant street furniture. A layout plan of all flaors of the building tn he demolished, with adequate sections, showing: 2) the occupancy usage of the floors: b) the structural eupport systems; ©) principal materials of construction; 4) _ the condition of the building e.g, the degree of deterioration: and ©) the relationship of the building ta he cemalished with neighbouring propertioe affected by the demolition, which include all adjoining buildings and Lunauthorised stuctures, shared staircases, party wells, truncating continuous frames, slopes, retaining wall, overhead cables, guy wites and underground utlty services. ‘A plan showing the structural arrangement and construction of all unconventianal structural elements, such 2s prestressed concrete structures, precast concrete members, stressed skin structures, steel framed structures, hangers, lrariying ties, trusses or Vierendes! girders, deep beams, long span beams (greater than 10m). arches, transfer plates, transfer girders, earth retaining or basement structures, huildings which also act 2s earth-retaining etrustures supporting adjacent your. flat slabs, hollow biock ribbed stabs and large cantilevered structures; (© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010 - Al rights reservesMS 2318:2010 (P) 4) Alan showing the procedure for the demolition of the building; detailed sequence of demolishing particular structural members; and the method of demotion to be adonted inching the restrictions on the uee of any particular typo of equipment; 5) In the case when powered mechanical plants and equipment are used, a plan showing the route of movement of pawered mechanical plants and equipment including the method of lfing mechanical plant, where necessary, onto the top floors of the structure; any stiuctural alterations required to sult the demolition, ©.9. temporary strenathening to suit early removal of any ground finer cockloft structure to facilitate vehicular movement at ground floor, or strenathening of dotoriorated key structural mebes, aid any shoring, temporary supports andlor floor propping required; 5) _Aplan showing all precautionary measures for the protection of the public including hoardings, covered walkways, catch platforms, catchfans, scaffolding, protective reens and sately nots; 77) plan showing the proposed shoring and precautionary measures forall affected adjavent buildings, slopes, retaining structures and services at each stage of the ‘demolition wor 8) plan showing the propuscd shiuiliy arid temporary support to be provided to the building to be demolished; 9) A plan or daceriptive notes on the proposed mellwuus fur heuliy anid disposal of debris including, @) the permissible temporary accumulation of building debris at upper floors and at ground floor; b) method of handling demolished building debris: ©) the routing and movement of deUris from each floor to on grade holding area Prior to leaving the site; 4d) means of transportation of debris off the site; ©) time and trequency of debris disposal off site; f) record scheme on the tonnage of each truck load, truck licence plate, driver's, same, tip tckets and location of dump site; 9) the site supervisory personnel responsible for the debris management system; and h) a temporary parking layout for mobile machines and trucks, if necessary; © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010 -Allights reserved iMS 2318:2010 (P) 8) Stability Report including Calculations ‘The Stability Report shall include the following parts! 1) a report on the stability of the building to be demolished during all stages. of demolition; 2) inthe case when powered mechanieal plants ar equipment are used, roport on the stability of the building with supporting calculations to demonstrate that the Use of the plants an equlpirient wil not render inadequate the margin of safety of, or cause damage to any building, structure. street, land and services: 3) in the caeo whon powered mechanical plants or equipinent re used, structural calculations for all temporary supporis and bracinas: 4) report an the stability of neighbouring buildings, adjoining properlics as slated in 2.1.1.8) 8), party walls, streets, land and services which may be affected by the ‘demointion work; 5) in the case when temporary or permanent suppor's are required to these neiylbuuiny buildings, adjoining properties, and parly walls, structural Calculations for these temporary and permanent sunnocts; andl 8) 2 roport with ealoulations demonstrating thal tine Uemuilion work wil not render inadequate the margin of safety of, or cause damage to any buildina. structure. street, land end services. ‘A checklist for preparing a Demolition Plan and Stability Report with Celculations is depicted in Annex B, 22 Utilities 224 Termination of Ui ies Prior to actual demolition, the Authorised Person shall iaise with all available utlily companies so as: A) to keep records of available ulillies leading into the promises; and 8) to cause all utilities to be terminated, 2.2.2 Effects of Demolition on Utilities The demoition plan shall ensure tral during the course of demolition, no existing utilities in the vicinity of the demolition sites are affected by the demolition operation 2.2.3 Common Utilities Ihe common utilities encountered in building demolition generally include the following: A) Electricity: BR) Water: 8 © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010 -Allrighsreeerved©) Gas; D) —Trlecrmmunication; E) Drainage; F) Overhead and Underground Cables; G) Railway Tunnel and its accessories, such as vont shatte; H) Sewage Tunnel an its aucessortes; and 1) Disused Tunnel ian of the sirueture, All utility companies and relevant agencies shall be consulted prior to dem: 2.2.4 Maintenance of Cartain Utilitios A) Dutliy demotion, ine folowing basic utilities shall be required to provide a safe and healthy working environment 1) Tempuraly water supply shail pe required to provide water spraying duting demolition as dust pollution abatement measures; 2) Temporary telecommunivation tink between tne demolition site and outside organisation shall be maintained for both security and enmmunieatinn reaeone; and 8) Temporary electricity eupply for lighting and other constiuvtion use. B) In the case when temporary ulliies are available, all such temporary utiliies, including electrical fittings shall hr wasther-proofed, 2.3. Hazardous Material 1 hazardous materials, such as asbestos containing materials, petroleum contamination and radioactive contamination, exist in the building, further investigation and removal of such hazardous material or contamination by specialist shall be referenced 2.3.1 Asbestos Containing Material ‘Samples are to be taken and tested for asbestos containing material. In the case when asbestos containing material are discovered, such material must be carefully removed from the site by licensed contractor registered under Deparment of Environment. The asbestos waste should be handled, stored and disposed af as chemical waste, © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010 - Al rights reserved aMs 2318:2010 (P) 2.32 Soll Contamination Material In the case when possible soil contamination material is prosent, specialist shall be employed {o prepare suil contamination test proposal and submit such proposal to the Department of Environment (DOE) for comment. Upon agreement by the DOE, and completion of the toste,a Soil Contamination Assessment shall be submitted fo the DOE for acceptance. In the case when remedial works are required, tht: remedial proposal shall be submitted to the DOE for approval prior to implementation of such remedial works 3. PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES 3.1 General Site safety features shat empnasise protection of the public, particularly, the pedestrian and vehicular traffic and the adjacent pronerties. Proper cafely featuree chall bo docignod to make oure thet the emotion ean be carried out safely and the site personnel are protected. The Registered Specialist Contractor (Dewuitvi) shal carry Out the demoition works including precautionary measures in Zecordance with the approved plans and other related eoruments, and provide centinuous supervision to the works. 3.2. Hoarding and Covered Walkway The primary purpose of hoarding and covered walleway io to provide protection of the public Juriny the: ‘construction or demolition of buildings. Generally, hoarding isolates the demolition site from the public, lus preventing unautnonsed access and trespassing. ‘The covered walkway, in conjunction with catch platform, provides additional protection in the pedestrian traffie against falling debris, The Registered Professional Engineer shall design them to suit individual site circumstances, Suggested clear alste atch platter — on stance = th \ site boundsey — boarding —} MS 2318:2010 (P) mnogo] Bolling gooo OOO L S required, if clear distance = Ht UOUO ooo] * a nnn] _| covered walle red it ance > H/2 cway are requi + |O0000 ooo wooo ooou CASE J. Hoarding, covered w: if clear distance. < Catch platform isn eer dietanee.« ee ‘lkway and calch platform are required of required for building Jess than 4m high. FIGURE 3.1 CRITERIA FO) © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010-Alrighis reserved R_HOARDING & COVERED WALKWAYMs 2318:2010 (P) 3.2.2 Dimension A minimum vertical clearance of 2.3 m shall be provided for the covered walkway. A minimum clear width of 7.1 m is required for hwarding/covered walkways sited on a carriageway. AS regards hoardingicovered walkways on a footpath, the clear width should be related to the existing pavement as set out in Table 3.1. The required clear width must not be obstructed in any manner 0.9, by traffic. sign, temporary supports, scaffoidings or the like. The widih of the catch piattorm shall not be less {han 2 m when it abuts a street and may be reduced by the amount of sat hark af the building, Separation distance between the walkway cover and the catch platform shall be individually Aletermined according to the dooign need, o.9. meinlencinc, A mititium clearance of 5.5 m shall be maintained for the catch platform within 2 minimum cistance of 600 mm from edge of a carriageway, 5.9 m clear Neadroom over gantry shall be maintained as far as practicable. Table 3.1. Width of Covered Walkway Existing Pavement Width ‘Minimum Clear Width in Walkway 2.5 morlece Normally 1.6 m minimum, Exesuiplion nay be considered it the pavement s of insufficient width Over 2.5 m to 3m Width of the pavement minimum of 0.8 m subiect toa maximum of 2 m ‘Over $m 2m 3.23 Design Criteria The roof of the covered wallway shall be decighod to cupport a uniformly distributed had uf 9 KPa. The catch platform shall be designed to sustain a uniformly distributed load of 5 kPa or a point load of 20 kN acting on an effective area of 300 mm * 300 mm, whichever shall produce the most adverse effect. Design criteria for covered walkway and catch platform are summaticed in Tablo 3.2. The hoarding, covered walkway and catch platform shall be designed to sustain the wind load. The location of the proposed covered walkway shall be compatible to the oxisting trate envionment. Typical details forthe catch platform and covered walkway are ilistrated in Figure 3.2 Table 3.2. Design Criteria for Covered Walkway and Catch Platform Uniform Distributed Load Point Loau Covered Walkway 5kPa 7 Catch Platform kPa 20 kN acting on an effective area of 300 mm X 300 mm 2 (© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010 - Allsghis reservedMS 2318:2010 (P) ey ees ny ata, platorn 00mm datanre irae Po er 7 NY \ i cekepa al i Se ee \ lenranee of 800mm, unless otherwise Highways Department -utin, niath, = 2900 - § ors s 1 = 4/2 Whichever the greater Covered Walkway = (an) Len fe I» tinal soo) Ngan Le inns] eg. tiene { Existing tobe aS Dorelihed sheet oF other re-usable mnterial ! | I E | { 12 (500 masa mn 200 (nin,) “a 0 Set back eg oe eerste TYPICAL SECTION 1) Total wth of footings a any wuss seston shoulg not be more than hall he with of the footsath in order nol toimpade access to underground public services, ‘The footngs shall not est on or enclose any underground utes In eny ease, the vilty underikings ‘should consulledreyaidng lceatons of undorgoune ics. FIGURE 3.2 TYPICAL STEEL CATCH PLATFORMS AND COVERED WALKWAYS (SHEET 1 OF 2) (© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010-- Al ihts reservedMs 2318:2010 (P) th platform [ “= if if\/\rse so Zeno tna a0 (mane) p2c0 (mex) 5006 (a TYPICAL_ELEVATION atch Plattorm + Covered Wateway VILL ALLA [ae Bet beck | LM jssaioa vitns Vo te bomainses Yyyy/p 200 romans N_AT_ CATCH PLATFORM LEVEL, ary FIGURE 3.2 TYPICAT. STEEL CATCH PLATFORMS AND cov! D WALKWAYS (SHEET 2 OF 2) 14 © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010 - Alright reservedMS 2318:2010 (P) 3.24 Proper Use of Covered Walkway Debris shall not be accumulated nn the roof of tho oovered walkway. It shail wl be used for any other Purposes such as storage of building materials and equipment inside or above the covered walleway I it is intended to build a temporary contractor's shed over the covered walkway, it iust be structurally independent of the covered walkway. The roof of the contractor's shed shell sustain the design losd critora for the catch platfunn or covered walkway whichever is applicable {ne foot of the covered walkway shall be pitched inwards to better contain the debris and for roof drainage Upstand odgo board of 1.1 m ur hiylier measured trom the toe of roof line of the cater Platform's outer edge shall be provided to retain the fallen debris 3.2.8 Construction As fat a> raicabie, ine structural components of the covered walkway and catch platform shall be Brefabricatod and fastened tngether an site by boito oo that they can bw euseal Sie welalng Shall be ‘minimised in order to reduce the erecting ime and potertial hazard to pedestrians or vehicrier leatic, Profabricated shoriny systems, glass nore reinforced panels and other ready to use systems shall be used for the hoarding, cover walkway or caich platform inetallation 28 much as possible, 278 Lighting 3.3 Seaffoldings and Screen Covers 3.3.1 Scaffoldings Metal scaffolds shall be used for top down demolition pmjects. Metal scaffolds are. considered See Mranroperoviced that they are erected by the designated person accorcing to Part X of Fraclory pos echinery (Building Operations and Works of Enyineering Construction) (Safely) Regulation 1986; Factory and Machinery Act, Act 139, 1967. A) Scaffolding Construction and Work Platform Requirements ‘The erection, Jisiranting and setety requirements of the work platforms and scaffold shall bo in accordance with the olovant cares of practice on scaffolding safely, The works shall be cornet ut by tained workmen under the immediate supervision af competent person (© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010- Al ighs eeorved 15MS 2318:2040 (P) ‘Supports for the scatfolds should be of adequate strength to hold the vertical and lateral loads imposed on the seaffalds ineldding tho catohfons, work pletfuinis, eit. hy vase when elevated Supporis are required to receive the weights of the scaffolds, be they the steel brackots and anchors fixed tothe existing building or other kinds of supporting system, they shell be designed by a Registered Professional.Fagineer. Where working plotforms ere requited to facile working at height, they shall be properly constructed and provided on the three consecutive Is Glrecily below the floor being demolished with too boards provided at the outer edge. Periodic maintenance shall be performed to remove any ehris accidentally falling out of tho building ond ‘accumulated on the platforms. B) Metal Scaffold Metal scaffold shall be able to cuppor the lve load impused un three consecutive layers ot work Platorm plus its own weight Additional loading conditions. if any. shall he inciured in Uetermining the allowable height for the scaffoldings. Tie to existing structure shall be in accordance with maniifacturor'e recommendations, ©) Dismentiing Dismantling of the scaffolds shall coincide with the demolition progress. When the wall tes are dicsonnceted duc fo the deiulliun of the building structure, the unsecured section of the scaffolds shall be removed accordinaly. The unbraced sectinns shall not be higher thon 2 m trom the nearest anchor. 33.2 Screen Covers A) Requirements Two layers of protective screen shall be placed over the scaffolds to completely enclose the building structure for retaining dust and amall dahrie. Tarpaulin and hoavy duty nets shall be used to cover the exterior face of the scaffold. Tarpaulin shall be placed over the net B) Ties The protective screens shall be eocured to the scaffoldings al sul more than 2 m intervals at both horizontal and vertical directions or the width of the net, whichever is loss. The screens shell lave @ minimum overlapping width of 300 mm, ©) Nets 1) Materials and Installation Heavy duty nets shall be relatively ight weight and have good retaining capability for small debris. The material shall resist ultra-violet light deteriacation. The nets shall be eocured to the scaffold and at the catchtan so that debris can be retained and not deflected onto the ground, the net shall meet the minimum requirements as listed in Table 3.3 or approved equivalent 16 © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010 - Alirights reservedMS 2318:2010 (P) D) Tarpaulin ‘Terpauiin shall bo light woiaht ond constructed of fire relalanl alesis, The fire retardant characteristic of the tarpaulin’ shall meet either one of the following requirements of 1) Class B material as specified in British Standard 5867; or 2) Any equivalent standard criteria or testing. Table 3.3. Minimum Specification for Polyethylene Net Criteria Minimum Requirement Material polyethylene String diamoter Ply 10 Mesh grid opening Weight 24 Catchfan 3.4.1 Requirements The design intention of the catchfans is to catch small pieces of building debris that passes through the protective sereen and net, and the catchfans are not designed to collect large pieces of building debris which should have been collected hy the protective screen or net. A small piece of debris could be disastrous after gaining enough kinetic energy through faling great heights. Thus, @ caichian shall bo inctalled at ¢ vertical distance uf not more than 10 m below the working floor. A caichfan shell have a horizontal extension of 1.5 m from the exterior face of the scaffolding, The typical angle of inclination shall be 20° to 45° from the horizontal plane, Catchfans shall be used only as precautionary measures and shall not be used os temporary suppor for any anlicipated loads, 3.4.2. Steel Catchfan The steel catchfans are considered es temporary cantilevered structures with steel framing extended {rom the bullding. The use of expansive anchor bolts in erecting the catchfan shail be avoided as far as practicable since the anchar boll may be loosened by vibration generated curing the demeltion Process. In the case when anchors are used, they shall be applied cautiously with exlreme care: and ot as a primety support. Extreme caro shall be exercised in erecting and dismanting the catchfan to avoid the structural components from accidentally falling of. All the component of the steel catchtan shall be supported, and securely fastened to the lifting appliances or supporting structural clement Lunt tho inotallation is completed. Calctifan may be constructed with components of prefabricated steel/metal scaffold. Such use is particularly compatible with metal scaffolds. The design and installation of catchfan using prefabricated metal scaffold components shall bo in accordance with the manufacturer's recommenced criteria. As far as practicable, the components of the catchfan shall be Prefabricated and fastened by bolt to minimise welding (© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010 - Alright reserva 7MS 2318:2010 (P) 3.5 Temporary Stipports 3.5.4 General A) Requirements ‘Temporary supports to the structure or the elements uf Ihe structure being demolished shall be provided for any or combination of the following conditions: 1) when the whole or any part of the otructure is subjevita [u watess leauig derived from the: demolition activities, movement of powered mechanical plants or debris accumulatinn: 2) when any part of the structure or any element being demolished is not self-supporting, ur 9) whew the temporary stabimty of the structure or its elements could be impaired as a result of the demoiiion activities. Temporary supports shall not be romoved until ito sueporting loads are completely removed. On the other hand, temporary supports shall be removed as much as pnssihle and practicable after demolition. In the case when temporary supports have to remain, Registered Professional Fngineer and Rogictorod Specialist Contractor (Deiullion) sirall be responsible tor routine inspection and maintenance of such temporary works unti they are completely removed B) Cantilevered Sinichires Temporary suyports shall be required during the demolition of cantilevered structures, Anchorage or holding down load of the cantilevered structure must not be removed prior to the ‘demolition of the cantilever itseif unless the caritiever has been temporarily supported Lornoton of external cantilevered siructures facing public streets and which are higher then 4m above ground and offset from the site boundary at @ distance less thant une lraf of the height of the building to be demolished may affect the safety of the public. In demolishing these external eanlilevered structures, the areas underneath them shall be protected by temporary platforms which are designed to resist bath the anticipated: demolition loading and construction loading, Unless the cantilevered structures are demolished by Gut and lift, or other similar techniques. ©) Catch Platform Catch platform shail be provided on top of the covered walkway in accordance equirements and design criteria as described in 3.2. the Catch platform shall algo be provides underneath structuial elements when the area adjacent to © directly underneath the said structural element requires protection from faling debrss ar ether Potential hazard caused by the demoliion, These structural ements generally include, but are Not limites to, projected canopies and balconice.Depending on the demoiiion provers, catch platforms may be required underneath special structurés such as external architectural features ‘and prestressed concrete elements. Catch platform shall be installed prior to commencement of demoltion. Catch platform shall he designed to support the anticipated loading condition curing the demolition process 18 © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010- All ighis reservedMS 2318:2010 (P) D) Adjacent Building Tempnrary supports shall be provided to adjacont properties including, but not limited tw, buildings, public or private utllies, slopes, retaining walls or land when the removal of the building or any part of the building being demolished could affect the stabilly of such properties. Common features, such as truncated continuous beams, exposed party walls and common Staircases, shall be protected and stabilised. Safe ingress and earess for adjoining pronertins chall he maintained, Adequate eupporte oholl be provided to maintain the stability of common staircases for maintaining continuous access for the adjoining properties. Desiulilior: project, such 2s the tenement house, may involve the Femoval of structural members that are part of the inteoral struch re for stupnniting the remaining building. Appropriate supports to brace the strueture shall be installed ) Incomplete Demolition Projects When a demolition project is shut down for 0 prolonged period before its wuiiplelivn, the remaining structure, if any, shall be stabilised by temporary support and/or bracing systems. 3.6.2 Materials and Types A) Materials The temporary supports used for demolition shall be built with structural steel, heavy timber, fill ‘embankmenvbutireco, or other materiel which is wuiisiuel ed lo be zppropriate for the purpose. 5) Hre-manutactured System Pre-manufactured components such as tubular shores, telescope steel props, framed towers, le. utay be used as temporary supports provided their design capacity and their erection and maintenance requirements ara followed in trict aceordanioo with - manufacturer's recommendations, Where the design capacity of a pre-manufactured component cannot be cotablished by standard stuctural design and analysis, tests shall be performed to establish the design capacity. ©) Existing Structure Existing non-structural concrete or partition walls shall not be considered as part of the temporary support system unless it ie shown by structural analysis that they are adequate for the purpose, D) Used Timber Timber which has been damaged or has deteriorated due to repeated use, insect, decay or chemical attack shall not be used, © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010- Al igh reserved 19353 A) 8) °) Used Structural Steel Used structural siee! shall not be employed unless pre-approved by the Registered Professional Fngineer. Where ueed structural stee! is enipluyed, the actual dimensions of the steel section shall be measured and its section properties shall be calculated an the hasis of the least crose, Sectional area including appropriate allowances for any existing bolt holes, etc. Where the ‘material sources are not known, material properties shall be vwecked, ‘All used structural steel with excessive pre-existing boll holes shall be repaired Loads Gravity Loads Tho tomporary support systems siiall De designed to simultaneously withstand, all of the following loads: 1) coneiruetion loado such es the vumstiuction operatives, hand tools and small equipment; 2) det areumulation and impeot from fallen detais, art 9) Iteawy rmachinery used, Subject to detailed evaluation for special circumstances, in no case shall the construction loode due to item 1) be assumed to be less than 1.5 kPa, Loading due to items 2) and 3) shall be established by the actual weight of the debris likely to be accumulated and the weight of machinery to be used. In the case where no working load is available, minimum impact factor of 1.25 shall be applied to the static weight of the machinery {ur ne Purpose ot design for the temporary works to account for the vibration from moving equipment on a suspended floor. Lateral Loads, To ensure the lateral stabiliy of the temporary supports, they shall be designed to withstand the greater lateral loads of either: 1). The combination of any calculated or reasonably anticipated lateral forces which shall be applied to the temporary support due to adjacent sloperretaining wall or building, moving "machinery or impact from dumping of demolition debris and wind force; or 2) A minimum of 3 % of iotal vertical loads at the centre of yravity of these applied loads, or minimum of 1.5 kN per metre length of the supported structure, whichever is greater: Desian Consideration for Temporary Support 1) All temporety support systems shall be supported on adequate foundations of floors. In the case when the immediate floor helaw the floor under demolition is not adequate lv airy the imposed loading from the demolition activities, shoring shall be carried down to the lower floors until adequate support Is achieved. Kolative stifiness of the supporting props to the supported members shall be consicered in determining the proportion of loadings shared by each propped floor; © STANDARUS MALAYSIA 2010 - Altights reservedMS 2318:2010 (P) 2) The lower floors-may be allowed to carry the balance of the excess loading provided that thelr support capacities are not exceeded. The shores on'the lower floors shail be aligned in the same posilinn nn sich floor to provide continuoue cupport without eauoing punching shear or reverse bending in the lower floors; 3) Attention shall be paid to avoid placing the temporary supporis on foundations which may exhibit intolerable differential settlements; and 4) The load capacity of the floor slabs shall be checked tn ensure that they can adequately resist the concentrated loads from the temporary supports. Distributing the loads through the use of sleepers and base plale> may iiuiease the capacity of he tloor stab. 3.5.4 Structural Analysis and Design The onalysis and design of the support system and its components shall comply with well established International codes or provisions whenever applicable. 3.5.5 Temporary Propping System Prefabricated oroppina system may he user In sunnert the operation of the mechanical plont, or other loading during the demolition process on a suspended floor. A guideline for propping requirements under typical loading vorulilivis is depicted in Table 3.4, Alternative propping arrangement with steel props of different bearing capacities to suit perficular sites may also be used hasert on engineering approach ‘The application of the propping requirements in Table 3.4 shail follow the limitations and desion requirements as isted below: A) The propping requirements are not applicable to special structures and unconventional layout as described in 2.1.3 A) 3), B) In general, debris accumulation shall not be permitted unless the debris accumulation is justified by engineering calculation; ©) The propping design is based on the use of structural steel access ramp. The gradient of the ramp shall not be eteoper thon 20°; 5) Minimum bearing capacity for the steel prop shall not be less than 26 kN for supporting the mechanical plant and 45 kN for area under the aoecss ramp; ©) The props shall be braced to provide lateral restraints in at least 2 directions; F) The top and bottom supports of props shall be adequately secured and wedged light: and G) Adequate spreader shall be provided for props bearing on ground, if necessary, to avoid undue settlement, ‘ © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010 - Allright reserved 2MS 2318:2010 (P) Table 34. Propping Requirements on the Operation of Mechanical Plant on Suspended Floor Design imposed load of floor to bedonuniod SkPa kPa 7.8 kPa 125 kPa Maairunt west of 17,600kg | -11,600%9 | 11,600%9 | 11,600ka mechanical plant allowed Minimum no. of consecutive floors requited to distribute i mechonical plot luau, through propping Minimum no. of consecutive floors required to dislvibute: localised loading from 6 4 a 2 temporary ramp, through propping Maximum spacing of steel cre in satickecoon 12m Lam 1am 4.2m 3.5.6 Erection and Dismantling A) Alltemporary supports shall be erected strictly in accordance with the demain plans and/or in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations which shall comply with international caries or provisions whenever applicable. All pre-maniulautuied sysiems and thelr accessories shall be examined for structural defects. Any damaged components and their accessories shell be discarded; 8) All vertical supports shall be erected and msintsined plumb as much as possible. Other arrangements irray be acceptable as long as the supporting structural members are not siressed beyond the acceptable limits ©) Al bracing shell be installed in accordance with the approved plans and the manufacturer's fecommendations. Its connections to the main members shall be: checked to ensure light fi and adequacy; and D) All temporary supports shall not be dismantled or modified unti their use is no longer ren ined. The design of the temporary supports shall ensure that they ean be dismantled safely vilhout imposing danger to the workers or the public 3.6 Protection of Properties 3.6.1 General Stabiity treatment shall be provided to protect building elements that may be affected by the demolition project, The design of the bracing system shall be based on a structural assessment and onsincering evaluation \v piuviue necessary and SUMicient protection for the effected properies 2 © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2U10- Allghls reservedMS 2318:2010 (P) 3.6.2. Party Walls and External Walls Party walle thot coparate tho adjoining building and the Uesmuliions prujeut shall retrain aid be protected during and afier the demolition project. Redundant party wall shall be removed as far as Possible, Demolition of structural elements adjacent to the party wall or the extemal wall of adjoining building (hereinafter in section 3.6.2 referred to as external wall) shall be performed by manual method with extreme care to prevent any damage to the party wall or the external wall. The party wall or external wall stabilisation and treatment ehall be oppliod on ach floor immediately afer the said floor is demolished. A) Waterproofing 8) ‘The party wall or external wall slvall be protected against infitration and water seepage ‘when it's exposed to the weather. Roof lines and wall joints are more susceptible tn water leakage problems and shall be checked for waterproofing treatment. All loose bricks or fill ‘matorialc chell bo romoved. All openings and voids alll Le filled wil: concrete 1) Waterproofing may be echieved by cement mortar treatments. The application of the ‘cemenit-mortar finish shal follow tho proocdurce below: a) The surtace ot the party wall or external wall shall be thoroughly cleaned; >) Application of bonding agent in accordance with manufacturer's revumetntatin, ©) Cement exterior finishing shall be applied in two coats: |) The fist coat shall have a minimum thickness of 10 mm with a cementime-sand mix ratio of 4:2:6, ii) The second coat shell have a minimum thickness of 10 mm with a cementime- sand mix ratio of 1:3:6, 2) Waterproofing paper may be used as ter»porary treatment to protect the party wall or external wall. Thee walerproofing paper on the upper row shall always overlap the row of paper immediately below. The waterproofing paper shall he securely fastened 10 the building wal. 3) Waterproofing to party wall or extemal wall shall be carried out as soon as practicable. In general, such water proofing work shall be performed as building demolition progresses, ‘Structural Supports The exposed party walls or unprotected external wall may be temporarily supported by tiniber reking shores or installation of stiffeners consisting of structural ste! members with concrete cover or other corrasion protective system ae designed by the Registered Professional Engineer. If structural conditions allow, the stability of the party wall or the extemal wall may be improved by leaving a portion of the common beams and slabs which are connected to the party wall. (© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010- Allrichis reserved 2aMS 2318:2010 (P) The layout of the temporary supports to the parly wall or the extemal wall shall be Gansidered in the new construction. Permanent support is required to ensure Luntinully Uf the party wall support and minimise any possible interference. The temporary wall treatment shall De maintained until the application of the permanent treatment whieh may be incorporated in the constriction of the new building. 3. 3 Foundation Support A thorough evaluation shall be conducted for demolition involving basement, below ground structures or any otructure that may ffevt tie foundation of the adjoining properties. Agpropriate shoring, underpinning or other protective measures shall be installed if necessary Metals of the demalton of the underground structure shall be referred to in 5.9. 3.7 Protection of Traffic 371 Adjacent Traffic ‘Any closure of roads and walkways may seriously impact the tratfic/pedestrian circulation and cause disruption to the public. Therefore. as far as practicable, the installation of the proosutisnary measures and ‘the demolition operation which causes any closure of traffic lanes shall be avoided. if unavoidable, prior permissions arrangement win Royal Malaysian Police shall be obtained. Temporary closure of a traffic lane may be considered for night work Temporary closure of a traffic lane may also be considered for exceptional cases where there are no other practical altematives to safely demalich tho building clements such as projected varuyies, bulcunles or verandah. 3.7.2 ‘rattic Management Plan If traffic closure is necessary, a proper Traffic Management Plan shall be submitled to the Local Authority for their review and approval. 37.3 Site Access Safety measures for construction access to and from the site shall be cnnsidered in a demolition Project. Proper headroom, sightline, segregation, loading/unloading location, ilunination etc. shall be Provided for the protection of vehicular and pedestrian traffic fium the ingress and egress of ‘construction vehicles, 3.8 Special Safety Considerations 3.0.4 Training and Communication Demolition workers, including plant or equipment operators, shall go through proper job safety training and be informed of the potential hazerds by attending training sessions as well as on-the-job taining. Site safety and project understanding shall be promoted through an induction meeting st the beginning of the project, where information related to the project such as the proposed method and Procedures, potential danger during the operalion, safety measures and project specifies can be ‘disseminated to al on site personnel. The safety concept can be maintained by reguler safety meetings throughout the project period. Site safety attitude may be cultivated by sinc enforcement of the safety regulations by the site supervisor, 24 (© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010 - AllrigheresorvodMS 2318:2010 (P) ‘Apart from instiling the importance of safe attitudes to workers and plant or equipment operators, they hall be trained by competent inslrucius un Le following 10 observe satety precautions: A) Working at Heights; B) Working in Confined Spaces; ©) Working with Lining Appliances ond Lifting Gears; D) Use ot Personal Profective Equipment; ) Hot Works; F) Handling of Chemicals: ©) Heelth !ezards in Denufiion Works; ana H) Safe plant operating zones and safe plant manipulation zones. 3.8.2 Equipment Maintenance All equipment shall he tested and oxaminod before usc. They shall be propeily siureu anu maintained, The equipment shall be inspected daily and results of the inspection shall bo recorded ‘avcuiuingly. A detailed safety instruction shall be provided to cater for specific situations of the Project, if necessary. 3.8.3 Electrical Safety A properly connected power source from a local electric utility supplier or a mobile electricity ‘generator shall bo ulliced in demolition sites. 3.8.4 Fire All flammable goods shall be removed from site unless they are necessary for the works involved, Any remaining flammable goods shall be stored in proper storage facilities. All furniture, timber, doors, etc. shall be removed before any welding work is performed. Fire fighting appliances shall be provided nud maintained in working conditions. 3.8.5 Occupational Health The health of workers on site shall be propeily protected particularly on the following areas: A) Exposure to Dust; 8) Chemical Exposure; ) Heat Stress and Ventilation; 1D) Noise Exposure: E) Medical and First Aid Fécilties; © STANDARDS MALAYSia 2010 - Al nghts reserved 25MS 2318:2010 (P) F) Sanitation; G) Occupational Diseases; and H) Poisoning. 3.8.6 Emergency Exit Requirements in Demolition Sites Emergency exits shall be provided during building demolition. In case of any emergency evacuations, the omorgency oxit will serve as a lifeline for tramp lallun Of inured workers. A minimum of one exit ‘oule shall be maintained and designated as the emeraency exit al all times during the demalition ‘Adequate lighting and fire extinguishing equipment shall be provided. Emergency exit shall be Properly protected, ree of obstruction, and proporly marked with exit signs or other indications lo Clearly show the route. All workers shall be informed about the exit route. 38.7 Vibrat Dewuliion work will ceuse vibration 10 nelghdounng buildings or structures to various extent, dependina on the method of demolition. The mas! sericvis vihratinn is caused by Implosion. The effect of vibration caused by implosion are categorised as follows: 1. permanent ground distortion produced by blast-induced aas press 2. vibratory cettloment of foundation moterils; 4. projectie impact (1.0. bist fly rock); and 4. vibratory cracking from ground vibration or air blast, ‘These effects will have to be deait with specifically in the method stalament for implosion. For othor mechanical demolition methods, the vibration effect is usually less than some other construction proceéses, cuch as percussive piling and blasting. In sume cases, the traffic vibrations caused by heavy duty tractors are more significant than that caused by mechanical demolition. In order to identily the actual cause and effect of vibration, Registered Specialist Contractors (Demolition) are: advised to carry out vibration monitoring during demolition. As a general guideline, the peak pailicle velocities at any adjoining structure shall not exceed 1mmisec for prolonged vibration caused by mechanleal demotion, 3.9 Environmental Precautions The general requirements to minimise environmental impacts from construction sites can alco be applied to demolition processes. The following sections contain some of the procedures to be adopted: 3.9.1 Air Pollution Concrete breaking, handling of debris and hauling process are main sources of dust from building emoition. Dust mitigation measures shall be adopted fo minimise dust emissions. Burning of waste shall not be allowed. 26 .@ STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010 Ar rights reservedMS 2318:2010 (P) 3.9.2 Noise Noise pollution arising from the cemailion werks including, but not limited to, the uco of epocified owored mechanical equipment (GPME), powered mechanical equipment (PME), such 2s pneumatic. breakers, excavalors end yeneralors, etc., scaffolding, erection of temporary works, loading and transportation of debris, etc. affects the workers. ond the sensitive recaivers in the vicinity of the: demolition site. Silent type PME shall be used to reduce noise impact as much as. practicable. Demoition activty shell net be performed win the restricted Hours 3.9.3 Water The discharge of wastewater from demolition sites requires an approval by DOE. Effiuent shall be treated to the slandards as stipulated by DOE Regulation before discharge. AAs stated in 9.10.3, the Registered Specialist Contractor (Demolition) shall maintain proper control of 'emnporary water Supply and an ettective temporary drainage system. 3.9.4 Hazardous Materials Materials such as LPG ovlinders in domestic flats. toxic and earansive chemicale for industrial Undertakings, and any other hazardous materials have to be identified and properly handled and romoved prior to the commencement of the demwilivi uf the bullding 3.10 Debris and Waste Handling 3.10.1 Chutes Debris waste and other materials shall not be thrown, tipped or shot down from a height where they are liable to cause injury to any person on or near the site. Existing lift shaft, ight well and openings on floor may he vised ta ennvey debris down the building floors. Areas adjacent to the openings of these features used as a chute shall be barricaded when they ate not in uso. Warning signs shall be posted to preven workers from entering the area, As an option, plastic chutes may be used inside the floor openings and lift wells to minimise noise and contine the falling debris. A) Lift Shaft Lift shaft may be used to convey debris inside the building. The openings to the elevator shall be adequately enclosed to prevent spilling out of debris, 8) LightWell Al the glass windows in the light well shall be taken out or protected before using the light Well for conveyance of debris in order to minimise any dangeras situation, ©) Opening on Floor Openings on the floor may be used to convey debris. If openings are created on the floor, the tolal opening ehall be loss than 25% of the tolal ayyregale floor area. Each opening, shall not be larger than 200 mm * 900 mm unless otherwise substantiated with sirichiral Justiicatians with regard to the safely of the remaining structure and minimizing the ‘possible risks arising fram the impact force induced. © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010 Al sights reserved 27MS 2318:2010 (P) Openings shall not cul through structural support elements that may affect the stability of ‘any structural components. D) Exterior Chutes: No demolition materials shall be allowed to fall freely outside the building unless it i¢ confined within a chutc. If exterior chutes are used, adequate clear spaces shall be provided for their operation. Temporary refuse chutes, assembled from old metal harrale Shall not be used. The chutes shall nol cause any obstruction to the public. A dust barrier Shall he provided if the chute outlet io near public access. The uiule shall Le designea and Constructed with adequate strength and support to allow safe conveyance of debris. 3.10.2 Debris Recycling Better site manaycien and practice would not only prevent the mixing of the inert portion together with the non-inert portion of construetion and demoliian waste, but cauld alee faciltato and allow on site sorting, and separation al source of construction and demolition waste, The method of ‘selective demolition’ should be adopted as far as practicable. It invnlves demalition ‘and removal of wastes of the same category one at a time. The goal s to facilitate rocycling of wastes for henefiril rouse, thus minimizing tho burden on municipal larfily cinl publ: thing ress. I general, domestic wastes such as furniture, household appliances, etc., metal components such as ‘rinJow frames, pipes, etc., umber components such as doors, wooden floors, etc., other wastes such a files, asphaltic materials, ceramic: proviurie should be removed fret. Moct of these materials miey be recycled. The building demoition shall begin afterall the above non-structural materials have been stripped and removed, The sequence of demolition shall be planned to allow the separation and sorting of building materials. Concrete andlor brick debris shall be broken down into smaller sizes and separated from rrinfarced Stee! for aisposal, Concrete debris may be pulverised into aggregate size and used for road base, temporary haul roads, fill materials ur eygregates for concrete. Uld bricks may be salvaged for reuse as architectural fealures or other uses, Broken conerete may be disposed of al construction and demolition (C&D) materials recycting {ecllties for processing into recycled products and aggregates for heneficial reuse. In the event that broken concrete is mixed with some other wastes, broken concrete should be sorted out on site from the mixture of wastee, before disposal at a C&D materials wevyeling facilities, 3.10.8 Dust Minimization To prevent dust generation during the debris hauling, water spraying shall be applied during the hauling process. However, the Registered Specialist Contractor (Demolition) shall ensure proper Control of water supply and flnar drainage sysiem in order to avoid flooding which is a nuisance end may cause overloading of floors. 28 (© STANDAKUS MALAYSIA 2010 Al rihts teservedMS 2318:2010 (P) 3.0.4 Debris Accumulation In general, the dabris acrumulation on the floors ie not allowed unless the debris cocumulation is justified by engineering calculations. Debris shall not accumulate against the hoarding or external wall. Excessive accumulation of debris may cause overloading condition and may induce lateral loading on the walls and shall be avoided. The propping design shall include the debris loading, 3.10.5 Debris Disposal 1d Management System To avoid accumulation of debris and to make sure that they are disposed off promptly, Registered Professional Engineer should ensure thal « debris Uisposal anid management sysiem is prepared and implemented by the Registered Specialist Contractor (Demolition). The debris disposal and management system should clearly lay down the following details ‘A)_ method ot handling demolished building debris; B) the routing and movement of debris from each floor to on grade holding area prior to leaving the sie; C) means of transportation of debris off site; 1D) time and trequency of debris disposal off site: ) record echomo on the tonnage of cach truck luau, lruch fivese plate, urlver’s name, wip tickets and location of dump site; and F)__ the site suspervisory personnel responsible for the debris management system. 3.10.6 Debris Loading In the case when loaders and trucks have to work at ground floor level, the following conditions shall be considered: ‘A) The route of loaders and trucks shall be checked to avoid conflict with temporary propping supports; B) Ihe working heacroom al ground floor shall be checked, any local strengthening fo suit removal of mezzanine floor oF fret floor beams shall be property designed; aint 3.10.7 Waste Management On-site sorting of surplus consiruetion and demolition (C&D) material is strongly recommended so that inert material can be disposed of at pubic filing areas as far as practicable, and the remaining CAD waste disposed of at lanafils. Such materials shall he free from marine mud, household refuse. Plastic, metal, industrial and chemical waste, animal and vegelable matter and other matter oneiderod unouitable by the Filing Supervisor. Small quantities of timber mixed with ctherwise suitable material may be permitted. © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010- Al ight feserved 29Ms 2318:2010 (P) All construction and demoition materials arising from or in connection with demolition work shall be Sorted on-site and be senarated inin different groups for diepocal at londillo, public filing areas, in filing areas provided by the Registered Specialist Contractor (Demoltion), or recycling as appropriate All public fils to be disposed uf al public filing areas shall be sorted and broken down as per directive or instruction issued by Local Authority. 3.11. Inspection and Maintenance A) Frequency Site inspection shall be performed by the Ronistered Professional Enginser or his experienced and competent representative, to ensure that the temporary structures, ealchfan, catch platform and other precautionary sefety measures are in good cumiliun ‘Any movement, damage or distortion to the temporary structures shall bo identified ond repaired, m necessary. The Registered Specialist Contractor (Demolition) shall perform a dally inspection to Femuve eny Ueuils accumulated on catchtans and catch platforms. The contractor's representative shall orovide full ime continuinns site supervision and check the condition of the demolition work including the unstable and/or partially demolished structures and Conoure that they ere stable and safe eaul Uay Lefure leaving ihe site. Regular inspection shall also include preventive and protective measures adopted to Protect the workere’ health cuch oc duct suppressicn measuies aiid peisviial prolecilve measures. In the case when discrepancies from the Method Statement aro discovered during inspection, the inspector shall report to his senior, if applicable, and keep the Registered Professional Engineer infurrned of the discrepancies. No further demolition shall be carried out until recification work has been complated and written inetniction to commence eile ‘work is issued by the Registered Professional Engineer. B) Unsafe Condition f any unsafe conditions are present, all demolition activities shall be immediately Ivalled until the unsafe conditions are rectified. All unsafe condition shall be reported to Registered Professional Engineer for further instruction, ©) Seaffolding Inspection and maintenance of scaffolding shall he performed by competent percon registered with Department of Occupational Safety and Health, The scaffold shall not be used unless: ')_ Ithas been inspected by a competent person before being taken into use for the first lime; W)It_has been inspected by a competent person after any substantial addition, partial dismantling or other alteration; ll) M has been inspected by a competent person after any exposure to weather oncilinns likely in have affected its strength or etability or to hove displaced any part: 30 (© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010 - Al rights eservedMS 2318:2010 (P) jv) It has been inspected by a competent person at regular intervals not exceeding 14 days immediately preceding each use of it; and ¥) A report has been made and signed by the person carrying out the inspection in an ‘approved form containing the prescribed particulars which include a statement to the effect that the scaffold is in safe working order; 3.12 Pest-Demolition Precautions Ones the demolition is completed, the site shell be reinstated to eliminate any potential hazard to the Public. Tho following precautionary measures sill be Guriskiered A) The site shall be levelled and cleared of sny debris. Adequate drainage shall be provided; B) If the new development is not immediately commenced, the site shall be completely enclosed to prevent public trespassing; ©) Supports to adjacent building structures, weather-proofing and stabilisation of exposed baily walls shall Be completed. A tinal inspection by the Registered Professional Engineer On the supports of adjacent siniciures shall be conducted to encuro eaticfoctory and safe Conditions before leaving the site. If temporary shoring remains on site, inspection and maintenance a desuileal int 3.11 shall De Continued until the temporary shoring is removed oF replaced by permanent supports: TD) Any exeavation chall be braced and stabilised, an ) For sloping sites, and/or sites with retaining wall supporting ground, the following adcitional precaulinnary measures shall be included: 1) The ground surface shall be sealed up to prevent water infiltration; 2) Any unstable structures and ground shall be stabilised: and 3) The demolition pians shall be provided to the subsequent fauindation or site formation contractor so that any temporary support works consiructed during demolition are maintained during the new development phase. 4, METHODS OF DEMOLITION 44 General The choice of demolition method depends on the project conditions, site constraints, sensitivity of the elghbourhood and availabilty of equipment. ‘Top down methods are applicable for most sites, particularly for those eiluated in busy urban areas. Other mechanical methods applied from the outside of the building may be suitable for projects that have eufficient cloar spaces. For structural projections, such as balconies, canopies and verandahs extending beyond the building lines, demolition by hand held tools ar the cut and lift procese may be a Sate solution. Methods using wrecking ball and explosive should be adopted with extreme care when well planned adequate procautionary measures are provided. The applications of demolition methods are summarised in Table 4,1 © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010- Al ighte reserved a1MS 2318:2010 (P) ‘The suggesied procedures described in this Standard are recommended good practices for demolition of common structural eleinenis arly. Each site hae ite epeciti features and convilions. ‘The method, including detail procedures, shall be designed to cocommodate the specific. project Fequircments. In generel, Jemouliion should be cared out in the reverse order of construction, 28 fat 28 appropriate. 42 Top Down- Manual Method 4.21 General Top down method discussed below is the method that proceeds from the roof to ground in a gensral lieng, there are particular sequences of demoliion which may vary, depending on site conditions and structural elements to be demolished, Tor reinforuetl concrete bulldings, Jack hammers are commonly used to break down the conerete. Oxy-acetviene torch could be used Ia cai the reinfercemonte. Tho otruotural clementa shall be laukess down gradually or by alternate mettiods as described in the following sub-section. The reinforcements hall romain until al the corniclee wummvecting © OF supported by the reinforcement is broken away or when its support is no longer required. Centilevered canopies, halennias and exterior walle aro eritical sloments in building demolition. In congested areas, these features could cortically impact on the safely of the publie. Domoliion of those features shall be petluriied win extreme caution. It rope oF tie wires are used to pull down the structural elements, the pulling wire must he at least 4 times stronger than tne anticipated pulling force. In addition, workers shall be shielded from the rope or tie Wires. The rope or ties wire shall he chocked at loacttwioe per day, 422 Dewulili "Sequence Demolition sequence shall be determined according to actual site conditions, restraints, the building tayout, the etructura layout and its construction. In general, the following sequence shall apply: ‘A) All cantilevered structures, canopies, verandahs and features attached to the external walls shall first be demolished prior to demolition of main building and is Internal structures on each floor; 5) When demolishing the ronf structure, all lift machine rooms and water tanks al higl: level Shall be demolished in “lop down" sequence to the main roof level. In demolishing the external wall or parapet wall, he procedure as stated in 4.2.4 shall apply; C) Demolition of the floor slabs shall begin at mid span and work towards the supporting beams; D) Floor beams shall be demolished inthe order as follows. 1) cantievered beams; 2) secondary beams; then 3) main beams. In the case when structural stability of beams are affected, e.g., due to loss of restraints, tthe affected beams shall be propped prior to loss of support or restraint: 32 © SI ANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010 il rights reservede) 4) e) MS 231 2010 (P) Non-load bearing walls shall be removed prior to demolition of load bearing walls; Golumns and load bearing walls shall be demolished after removal of beams on top; and If site conditions permit, the first floor slab directly above the ground floor may be emolished by machine sittng on ground level and mounted with demolition accessories 423 Cantilevered Structures and Balconies Cantiievered structures, balconies and canopies may projec! ont af the hulking ower the podestrian footpath or in some cases over a portion of the traffic lane. Temporary supporting structures catch platform and/or temporary platform shell be laved kectly undemeath tem as. precauwonary Measures. Details of the criteria for temporary design are referred to in 3.5. Common problems related to intilevered structures are also discussed in 5.3, The general sequence of dismantling cantilevered slabe and boame ie desaribed in the following. A) By ° D) &) Ine exterior wall shall be dem: Reams and Columns; ed first, and detail is referred to in 4.2.4, Exterior Walls, ‘Any siructure or dead 1o2a supported by the cantilevered system shall be removed prior to domolishina the cantilevered slabs and heams; The concrete shall be Livhen down grauually starting Tom me exterior eage ot the cantilevered floor, working inwards and toward its supporting beams. Figure 4 1 illustrates the demoition of cantilevered slab, The cantilevered beam shall be demolished after the demolition of the connecting floor slab. Demolition of the cantilevered beam shall not advance further than the floor slab so that the support for the slab is always maintained, Figure 4.2 illustrates the demolition of. cantilevered beam with the stab; and ‘Saw cut and lift may be used to dismantle the cantilevered features. The slab shall be cut into @ manageable size and lifted away. The cantilevered beams shall be cut and removed after the removel of the slab load and any load supporied by them. The cut and lift ‘applications are discussed in 4.7.3, © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010- Alsights reserve a3MS 2318:2010 (P) aa ra 0 Bar| =| e T son asp oe | ° semen pete weno a, pu pero soen ound estan st 1sedudataase| ee 90420 os ‘ryeuey suse raul (© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010- All ights reserved 34MS 2318:2010 (P) ‘sworgpnce ays 0 SumYSeR a4) HO adap TEs AR aston oRSY “Aue sottateyar 40) ane aaoqe pawarpu feast rs10Kg a sisi (W) OF 2° OL (Gayveo: cape) 242920 (yap OL aspx e ° e a e ° ° ° Jo ssoqpseSoa) uopeagey, PP IGE Ay SloquAs jo Loneueldxs ve cme guy stent pawn oma] apo wey eaaunny any eapicers nsaee si ou ° ews by O14eL ole ‘PEENIOLOD) SPOMIOA UD]|OWEG Je SOPSMDEIEYD [BOUED Jo @ STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010- All ight reserved4.2.4 Exterior Walls, Beams and Columns A) B) Brick in-fil Well 1) To avid any potenttal hazard of bricks falling out of the building, all the brick in-f shall be removed by pushing inward, before dismanling the reinforced concrete framing. Working platforms outside the building shall be used for removal of the brick infil wll. Brick remuval shall Degin trom the top layer downwards. The \works shall be carried out layer by laver with each layer nt larger than 300 mm; 2) Th roinforood concrete framing can be uisiiianileu by taking cown me idwidual ‘beams and columns seperately andlor by taking down the frame of a bay between two columns as described in 4.2.4 B), 4.2.4 C) and 4.2.4 D). Exterior Beam The oxterior beam may be demolisher! hy gradually breaking away the oonercte or by dismantling the entire beam section. Demolition of the exterior beams is illustrated in Figure 4.8 8 44 and descrived in te flowin c) 36 1) Wire and winch or other systems shall be used to secuire the cross beam to other structural memberos 2) Ihe concrete is first broken away al both ends near its column supports to expose the reinfarrement; 3) Reinforcement shail be cut at one end to allow the beam to partially drop. The wire shall safely winch the beam down fa the building fleor in a controlled manner, and 4) The dismenting would be winpleteu by cutting tne reinforcement at the remaining end, and the beam wil then be lowered completely in a controlled manner Fiterior Column Exterior column may be demolished by the following procedures and as illustrated in Figure 4.5. 1) The twp of the column shall tit be secured to a structural member by wire and winch; 2) Proweakening shall be performed at the bottom of the column to reduce the Pulling force and io ensure that the break occurs at the desired location. The concrete cover of the reinforcement shall first be removed. Reinforcement al the interior face chall remain. Reinforcement al the exterior face shall be cut immediately before the pulling of the column; and 9) After pre-weakening, the column chall bo pulled down by the wie and winch towards the interior in a controlled manner. © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010- All ighls reservedMS 2318:2040 (P) DEMOLITION OF CANTILEVERED REINFORCED CONCRETE SLAB (MANUAL METHOD) FIGURE 4.1 37 (© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010- Alisha reserve!MS 2318:2010 (P) fea al Es jr FIGURE 4.2 DEMOLITION OF CANTILEVERED REINFORCED CONCRETE SLAB AND BEAM (MANUAL METHOD) (© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010 Alright reeervodMs 2318:2010 (P) “ie anchorsd at uber roe vise eF iatoraal Chimay” Sekarienie nn eternal a eee est ssattonal eternal beam ‘beara ted S558 stig seue ELEVATION 4.Prop all span of external beam. 2.Mle the apan of beam to be demolished. (Gotails of the connection may refer figure 44) 3.Remove props at span to be demolished. 4. Rrpose oll reinforcement, 5.Cut reinforcement at cut 1, eut 2, and cut 3, 6.lower the end at cut 1 & cut 2 ‘7.Cut reinforcement at out 4. B.lover the beam. Note :The tie wire are indicative. If thore are permanent anchors or lifting machines wvailable tie wiro errangements may be simplified lo will FIGURE 4.3 DEMOLITION OF EXTERNAL BEAM _ (MANUAL METHOD) © STANDARDS MAI AVSIA 7010. Allights reserves 30MS 2318:2010 (P) PLAN Mla apc War ~ ete Each DETAILS FOR SECURING EXTERNAL BEAMS BEFORE DISMANTLING (MANUAL METHOD) FIGURE 4.4 40 (© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010 - Al ights reservedMS 2318:2010 (P) fot chma wt — raEKOR 7 ® SECTION A ssn: © Ranforeine bart» mate 2 Melaorcag bar ta bo ext ve to sing ee oases) NOTES : 1.Becure the column by wire & winch to existing structure or excavator arm. 2.Pre-weakening at the bottom of columa 4) Break away the concrete to expose the Feinforeing bara, fi)eut the reinforcing bars at the exterior helf of the column, Cutting ohell be performed immediately prior to pulling, 8.Pulling down the column in @ controlled motion, FIGURE 4.5 PRE-WEAKENING AND DISMANTLING OF COLUMN (MANUAL METHOD) (© STANDAROS MALAYSIA 2010 lights resenvod 4aMs 2318:2010 (P) D) Exterior Reinforced Concrete Frame The exterior reinforced concrete frame may be demolished in sectiuns. THe uemolition procedures are generally described in the following: 1) For manual demolition, the optimum section of the frame to be demolished shall be a bay between the two adjacent columns but shall not be wider than am; 2) The frame section shall be secured to other structural members with wire and winen betore disconnecting the framing from the remaining structure: 3) Pre-weakening shall be performed al the bottom of the two columns. The pre= weakeniny uf the columns shall follow 4.2.4(C); and 4) The ‘reinforcing bars connecting the beams shall be cut off after pre- ‘woaltening. The framing slvail be: pulled dow by exerting force tnrough winch and pulley system, F) Reinforced Conereto Wall 1) Loaa Beanng wall Reinforced concrete walls may be demolished by cutting down the wall into Manayecble sections. The wom of the wall shall not be wider than 2m. Demoliion of the reinforced concrete wall sectinns is illustrated in Figure 4.6 and described inthe folowing: @) Before demolition begins, wire and winch systems shall be used to seoure the wall section; b) _ Pre-weakening at the bottom of the wall shall be peiformed, particularly ithe wall section contains columns, The concrete along the cut line of the interior face of the wall section shall be broken away by hand held tools. Pre-weakening shall follow the similar details 98 for columns given in 4.2.4 C), The operation must be careful to minimise debris from falling out from the building; and ©) Aller the concrete along the cut line is removed, the reinforcing bars ‘along the vertical cut line shall be separated, Force shall be exerted through the wire and winch systems to pull the wall down into the building 2) Non-Load Besring Wall For non-load bearing walls or walls with heavy cross beams, the dismantling procedures are similar to that of the load bearing wall except that the cross beams are dismantled separately from the building walls. Figure “.7 illustrates the felling of non-load bearing wall sections separately from the cross beam, a2 (© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010 Allrights reserves!MS 2318:2010 (P) Aaional to wite for external ‘nals only size anid no. of ie Ince shal be detarint y he PE and shall be specied an the demotion pine EXTERNAL R.C. WALL (VIEW FROM INSIDE) wel SECTION A Prier to pulling rt a a] cere | | ~~ 1 FIGURE 4.6 FELLING OF A aE & CONCRETE WALL (MANUAL METHOD) (© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010-Allights reste ved 43MS 2318:2010 (P) 42.5 Floor Slabs Reinforced concrete floor olab shall be demolished by yauuully breaking away the concrete. The reinforcement shall remain and be cut off after the concrete is broken away The ‘sequences for demolition of typical floor slabs are discussed in the following: A) TwoWay Slab The two way siah i< supported by beame or etructural’ members on all four sides, Demolition of the stab shell beain in the middle of the slab and advance towards the sides in ail ¢ ultecUons, Figure 4.3 ilustrates the demolition of two way slab, B) OneWay Slab The breaking of conerete shall beain at the unsupported and and prance in strive Perpendicular to the supporting beam or structural member. The strips shell be ‘Memolished from their contro towards the supports in bull Ueto. ©) Flat sian Demolition of flat slab shall begin at the centre of the bay between the supporting columns aiid pruveed outwards {© ine columns andlor members that provide lateral Support of the slab. Care must be exerciser! nai tn prematurely weaken the choar Capacity of the columns or other supports. In general, when demolishing @ column strip oF part of, edequate supports shall be provided lu ine strip in advance, 4.2.6 Interior Beams ‘A) Inferior beam normally supports floor slabs on both sides. The supporting beam shall not Ue removed unt al otner dead loads imposed on the beam are removed, including the slabs supported by the beam; and 8) Tho Glomanting of interior or secoridary beams Is ilustrated in Figures 4.9 & 4.10. 42.17 Interior Columns Interior column may be dismantied by pre-weakening al their base and pulling down by wire ‘and winch system. The process is similar to the demolition of the exterior column as reviously deserihed in 4.2.4.0), 44 (© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010 -Allights reservedMS 2318:2010 (P) forte | feta | tanta | a ‘ahem te wine tr ‘Suan een) ony EXTERNAL ER RC. WALL (VIEW FROM INSIDE; oa Te aati oppo Tk} © STANDARDS MALAYEIA 2010- Allrights reserve A Seat Emkocasey | PA Semaine ce i me Baek oat, - roo ss = Er s Prior to pulling qo | cine io coe. || Hae | Erie fase ae = ‘This method may apply to SECTION Reh Reng Piette FIGURE 4.7 FELLING OF REINFORCED CONCRETE WALL SEPARATELY FROM THE CROSS BEAM (MANUAL METHOD)MS 2318:2010 (P) mannan panna renting tae too fer —coar doce ums to \ 4d Pp OD) DEMOLITION OF TWO WAY SLAB (MANUAL FIGURE 4.8 (© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010 Al oghte reserved 46MS 2318:2010 (P) 4.3 Top Down —By Machines 4.3.1 General The sequence of demolition Ly machine is typically the same as the top down -manual method, except that most of the demolition is done by mechanical plant. The demolition begins with the lifting of the mechanical plant on to the building top floor. When rope or tie ‘wire ie us0d for pulling, the workers shell be protected or stay away from the area wilh react of the rope or tie wire. The wire strength shall be at least 4 times the anticipated load. The. rope or tie wire shall be checked at least twice per day to ensure that they are in good working conditions, a) 8) c) ‘Supports tor Machines The loading to be imposed on the floors by the mechanical plant shall be Ghecked, I needes, propping snall De installed at tloor levels below the working floor to safely suoport the operation of the mechanical plant The mavement of the mechanical plant shall only be within the propped area. The movement of the mechenical plent shall Le piulibited ii the fullowlng areas: 1) within 2.m ofthe building edge; 2) within 1 m of any floor openings; or 8) any cantilevered structuros. Merkings such as ribbons, paints or otner appropriate means shall be used to identify the propped area and limits of the mechanical plant movement The extent of the propping shall be determined based on the anticipated operation, the allowable loading on the floor slabs anu the sile condilions, Design eriterta for the propping requirements are referred to in 3.5.5. Lifting of Machinery ‘The mechanical piant shall be lifted onto the roof of the building by the use of mobile crane or ather appropriate means as approved by the Registered Professional Engineer. Prior to the lifting operation, propping shall be installed on he luors beneath the roof in accordance with the approved design. The crane shall be property tested, examined and operated The operating area shall be blocked off during the lifting operation. Approval from the Royal Malaysian Police shall be obtained prior to thee operaliun if temporary road closure is required, ‘Temporary Ramp Construction ‘The machine shall descend down to the next floor by means of a ramp. The ramp may be a temporary structure or other appropriate design. The slope of the ramp shall be no steeper that 1.75 to 1 or as recommended by the machine manufacturer. Temporary structure shall be designed and construcied in accordance with .b. Propping requirements for the temporary access ramp are referred ta in 35.5 As an alternative, the machine may also be lowered to the next floor by the use of mobile crane or other apnrnpriate means ae propoced by tho Rosiotored Professional Engineer. Similar precautionary means and procedures shall be followed as in 4.3.1 B) above. (© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010 - Alsiyhs reserved arMs 2318:2010 (P) stereo rin ‘alsa eet eee aoc SECTION A 1.Rnmure oo loed on the boom. 2 Me the beam to be deraiished. (deals ofthe connection mayrefer to figure 4.10) {3xpine reinforcement at both ends of the beam, 4.Cut reinforcement at positions eut 1, cut 2, and cut 8 Slower the beam wt cad. 8.Cut reintorecment ot ext 4 and lover the beam completa, Note :The tio vires ere indicative. If there sre permanent eoeherg oli ee ele a Roe mee implied fo sue FIGURE 4.9 DEMOLITION OF SECONDARY BEAM (MANUAL METHOD) 48 © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010 Alrigts reservedMS 2318:2010 (P) |—nam bean ALTRI CONNECTION TO PLAN fhe wire arrangement ia for hl purpose. It may be iad to cuit depending on the avalaiity of structural FIGURE 4.10 DETAILS FOR SECURING an BEAMS BEFORE DISMANTLING (MANUAL METHOD) (© STANOAROS MALAYSIA 2010- Allights served aMS 2318:2010 (P) 432 Demolition Sequence Demolition sequence chail be determined accurding to the actual slte conditions, restraints, Criginal building layout and its construction. In general, the following sequence shall apply: A) prior to demolition of internal floors, all cantilevered slabs and beams, canopies, ‘and verandahs shall first be demolished; B) the structural elements, in gonoral, chal bo domoliched in the following sequence. = stab ~ secondary beams; then - main beams. ©) mechanical plant sholl descend from the fluurs will lemporary access ramp, or be lowered to the next floor by iting machinery or by other appropriate means: 1D) when 2 mechanieat plant has Just decoonded from the floor above, the slab aril beams, in two consecutive floors may be demolished by the mechanical plant Simultaneously, Tne mechanical piant may work on structural elements on the same floor and breaking up the slahs en the: fone shove, ) the wall pene, includiny beans anu columns shall be demolished by gradually breaking down the concrete or by pulling them down in a controlled manner, Figi ire 4.44 illustrates the typical sequence of top down method with mechanical equipment. 43.5 Cantilevered Canopies and Balconies Demoition of cantilevered canopies and balconies may critically affect public safety and must be performed with extreme caulion. Temporary Supporting structures, catch platform ancior temporary platforms shall be placed directly underneath the cantilevered canopies or balconies. Common problems related to cantilevered structure are discussed in 5.3. The process of demolition of the cantilevered structures is described in the followin. A) The exterior wall linking the cantilevered structure or balcony shall be removed first. This is further diseussed in 4.3.4: Exterior Walls, Beams and Culumins; 5) The floor sia and cantilevered beam may be demolished in sections. Demolition of cantilevered siab is ilustrated in Figure 4.12; ©) The machine arm with wire passing through the slab section shall be used to stabilise the structure while the cutting is performed; D) Cuttings may be pe:formed Ly jack hammer or pneumatic hammer tor the concrete and oxy-acetylene flame cutter for the reinforcements. The cancrete shall be broken away first before the cutting of reinforcement. Allernatively the reinforced conercte slab may be cut by saw cutting, annd E) The slab shall be lifted into the building by a derrick am, 50 (© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010- Allrighs reserved