BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONOURS) IN ARCHITECTURE

ARCHITECTURE HISTORY & THEORY

(ARC60804)

Project 2: Sketching Analysis

September 2023

Stadium Negara (National Stadium),

1962 officiated by the third Yang di-Pertuan Pertuan Agong Almarhum Tuanku Syed Putra Perlis.
Source: Arkib Negara (National Archives)

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SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
Centre for Modern Architecture Studies in Southeast Asia
Bachelor of Science (Honours) in Architecture

ARCHITECTURE HISTORY & THEORY [ ARC 60804]

Project 2: Sketching Analysis (Individual)

Submission Date: Week 13 (20 December 2023, Wednesday)
25% of final marks

LO 25% of total Hardcopy and A4 Artwork

Assignment Individual mark Research Write
1-3
up

Introduction

The greatest architectural transformation followed Merdeka, or Independence in 1957. Kuala Lumpur and other
parts of Malaysia were transformed from colonial towns into parts of the new nation and Kuala Lumpur became its
capital. Proud symbols of nationhood were expressed in new and daring forms. Innovative construction techniques
and industrialized components changed the scale of commercial buildings and enabled the erection of the first
prominent buildings and sky scrapers that shaped the nations modern architectural scene. According to Ar. Chan
Seong Aun, president of Pertubuhan Akitek Malaysia (2013-2015), most Malaysian architecture of the modern
movement are not documented thoroughly and have not made the list of heritage buildings. The Subang airport for
example has been replaced by a “non descript warehouse. It is therefore important that we properly record the
heritage of Malaysian architecture before it is destroyed and lost forever.

This research project adopts document analysis methodology that involves documenting, analyzing, producing, and
a critical chronological and diagrammatical interpretation of Modern Malaysian architectural history. This project
emphasizes critical analysis of the post Merdeka/Independence of Malaysian architecture in the effort to understand
the influences of post-modernism to architectural design and construction, building science and technology, and
urban design. The project is to distinguish the way in which many diverse factors contribute to the development of
Modern Malaysian architecture. The development of the project will involve active discussion, analysis interpretation
and consultation with the tutor.

Objectives

The objectives of this project are as follows:

To allow students to undertake a research comparative analysis process on Modern Malaysian architecture
practices throughout history through literature review and document analysis and present an appropriate
chronological account of the Malaysian architecture based on the understanding gained through the analysis
procedure.

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To familiarize students with the activities of culmination and production of a research analysis through assemblage,
chronological indices and evaluation of information; composing and organization of study; assembly of illustration
and text; design layout composition.

To introduce visual and critical thinking through learning from precedents with diagramming, and to introduce the
basic principles of form, space and order in the architectural design of Modern Malaysian architecture. The analysis
is based on, but not limited to, the following:

a) Organization of form
b) Organization of space
c) Circulation and paths-space relationship
d) Axis and relations of axes
e) Massing
f) Symmetry and balance
g) Rhythm and repetition

Learning Outcomes
1. Employ appropriate visual and verbal architectural vocabulary when referring to building types, series and
periods.
2. Show the appropriate sequence of historical periods and how they are represented architecturally.
3. Discover the way in which many varied factors contribute to the development of form.

Tasks
The student will conduct a research and architectural analysis on a selected building. Each student will select FIVE
(5) buildings from the given list. Students may also choose their own historical buildings, subject to the agreement
of the lecturer.

TOPIC LIST OF BUILDINGS

1 Pre Historic Stonehenge
Skara Brae
2 Ancient Egyptian Pyramids of Giza
Temple of Horus
Great Temple of Ramesses II
3 Ancient Greece and Rome The Parthenon
The Temple of Athena Nike
The Temple of Olympian Zeus
The Roman Temple
The Colosseum
The Pantheon
4 Middle Ages and Renaissance The Cathedral of Florence
Villa La Rotonda
St. Peter’s Basilica
Church of the Gesu
5 Age of Enlightenment Chiswick House
Altes Museum
Ledoux

Submission Format:

A4 Sketches Booklet
An A4 Sketches booklet should be done in documenting the heritage buildings (COLOURED). You may support
the information using photos, notes and diagrams as evidence. The sketchbook can be divided into several items
(The following sections are a guide; actual submissions may vary according to student decisions):
• Introduction
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• Fast facts of the building
o Building name, location, function etc ( may provide map & photos)
• History of the building
• The Architect
• Architectural layout of building
o Plan to section or elevation analysis,
o Circulation to use-space
o Organization analysis: symmetry and balance, geometry, hierarchy.
• Building construction, structure & materials analysis
o Explain specific materials and construction method used to construct the building.
• Architectural elements / components analysis
o Identify and explain the significant components such as roof, windows, doors, fenestrations, shading,
staircase or other significant elements that can be found in the chosen building. Each building may have
different components. Analyse the significant components and use photos or sketches as evidence.

Assessments
The components of assessments namely:
1) Individual Assessment criteria ( 100 % )
• Choice of building typology – justification / introduction of choice of building typology (20%)
• Clarity of content – detailed building description; extensiveness of the choice of specific building
(representative of a wide range of samples) (30%)
• Context analysis – Understanding of how contextual issues such as the political, social, economic,
cultural, architectural trend etc had contributed to the development of the particular building typology
(30%)
• Research evidence – attachment of supporting materials used for the research (10%)
• Creativity- work done with full exploration and creativity (10%)

Please refer to rubric assessment provided in attachment 1.

Example of A4 Sketches Booklet

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ARC60804 Architecture History and Theory
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Attachment 1: ASSESSMENT GRADING CRITERIA

Grading Criteria Excellent Good Satisfactory Poor Fail

Choice of There is a strong There is a fairly Fair justification Weak justification No justification on
building reason behind the strong reason on the choice of on the choice of the choice of
typology – choice of building behind the choice building typology building typology building and
justification / typology and of building and students and students are students are not
introduction of students are fully typology and have some ideas vaguely aware of aware of its
choice of building aware of its students are on its its development development and
typology development and aware of its development and and its significance
significance development and significance significance
(20%) some of its
significance

Clarity of Each building is Each building is Each building is Minimal Basic description
content – described described quite described fairly descriptions of the of each of the
detailed building thoroughly, thus thoroughly thoroughly building thus building making it
description; forming an forming a good forming an making it difficult impossible to see
extensiveness of excellent flow of flow of the acceptable flow of to see the the development
the choice of the development development of the development development of of the building
specific building of the chosen the chosen of the chosen the building typology. Very
(representative of building typology. building typology. building typology. typology. Limited poor choice of
a wide range of The examples The examples The examples choice of the building
samples) were drawn from were drawn from were drawn from building examples.
a wide range of a fairly wide range a satisfactorily examples.
(30%) samples. of examples. wide range of
examples.
Context analysis An excellent A good A fair Poor Very minimal
– Understanding understanding understanding understanding understanding of understanding
of how contextual and analysis of and analysis of and analysis of the contextual with no analysis
issues such as the contextual the contextual the contextual issues with done on the
the political, issues and how issues and how issues and the minimum analysis contextual issues
social, economic, they have they have ability to relate done on them and and the inability to
cultural, contributed to the contributed to the these issues to has minimum relate these
architectural trend development of development of the development ability to relate issues to the
etc had the building the building of the building these issues to development of
contributed to the typology typology typology the development the building
development of of the building typology.
the particular typology
building typology

(30%)
Research Strong validity of Strong validity of Fair validity of Poor reference Very poor source
evidence – reference reference reference materials and of reference and
attachment of materials and materials and materials and minimum no evidence of
supporting there are there are there are evidence of the the use of the
materials used for evidence of evidence of good evidence of use of the selected materials
the research optimum use of use of the satisfactory use of selected materials
the reference reference the reference
(10%) materials materials materials

Creativity- work Work Work generally Work fairly Work occasionally Work less unique,
done with full exceptionally unique, detailed unique, detailed unique, detailed detailed and
exploration and unique, detailed and interesting and interesting and interesting interesting
creativity and interesting

(10%)

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Prepared by: Checked by: Approved by:
Dr. Filzani Illia Ibrahim Ar. Zahari Zubir Mohd Adib Ramli

……………………………. ……………………………. ……………………….

Date: 22 August 2023 Date: Date:

Module Co-ordinator Stream Coordinator Programme Director
Email: FilzaniIllia.Ibrahim@taylors.edu.my

Remarks:
1. The Project Brief is to be distributed to the students in the first week of the semester.
2. Any changes to the Project Brief shall be communicated (in writing) to the Programme Director and the
approved revised version must be communicated to the students.

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