Thermodynamics Questions Latest Thermodynamics MCQ Objective Questions r ee AR hace acer er treo try Start Complete Exam Preparation road raed DOC) Perey Pree paca : V7 : | Question 1: Ina system, there is no exchange of matter, but exchange of energy is possible between system and the surrounding. 1. isolated 2. closed adiabatic 4, More than one of the above . None of the above tee loiite} India's Super Teachers for all govt. exams Wate teas long CeesAnswer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 2: closed Win over the concepts of Thermodynar with Testbook. © and get a step ahead with the preparations for Physics Thermodynamics Question 1 Detailed Solution The correct answer is closed @ Key Points j J * The specific object under observation or group of objects under observation i is. refered to as the system’ when addressing thermodynamics. + The ‘surroundings’, on the other hand, are all things that de not betong'to the designated system. + Closed System i » A closed system can only exchange energy, not matter, with its surroundings. » The vessel from the prior example righ eons @ Closed system if a very tight-fitting lid were placed on it. > The overall energy of the s mY be Infinite because the closed systemcan interchange energy with its ings. &- Additional Information + Open System » An open system can interchange matter and energy with its surroundings. > Because heat and water vapor can escape into the atmosphere, the example of boiling water in a vessel is an open system. + Isolated System » When a system is unable to interchange matter or energy with its surroundings, it is said to be isolated. » Achieving a fully isolated system is desirable » However, a genuinely isolated system and a thermos flask with a lid are theoretically comparable. = The objects inside can exchange energy with one another, but they barely share energy (heat) with the environment outside. Coal India's #1 Learning Platform Ow Start Complete Exam Preparation Ree ero eo a) Practice ma Kc race Haron 5 DB Download AppQuestion 2: View this Question Online > Which of the following is an intensive variable? 1. Internal energy 2. Temperature <' 4, More than one of the above 5. None of the above Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 2: Temperature Thermodynamics Question 2 Detailed Solution , CONCEPT: + Intensive Property; These are the properties of the system which are independent of mass under consideration. > For example: Pressure, Temperatute, density, composition + Extensive Properties: The properties which depend on the mass of the system under consideration. » For example: |ntemal Bheray, Enthlpy, Mass, Volume, Entropy, weight EXPLANATION: * From above it is clear that, the temperature is an intensive variable. Therefore option 2 is correct. NOTE: + All specific properties are intensive properties. For e.g. specific volume, specific entropy, ete ee eee ac ESTE la merle SL) ea coe aaPoe pare cas Vole Creeieairs Download App Question 3: View this Question Online > Two blocks of ice when pressed together join to form one block because 1. of heat produced during pressing 2. of cold produced during pressing. © 3. Melting point of ice decreases with increase of pressure 4. More than) one of the above 5. None of the above Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 3: Melting point of ice decreases with increase of pressure Thermodynamics Question 3 Detailed Solution Concept: + Pressure refers to the ratio of the force applied to the surface area over which the force is applied. LX ~ Regelation is the phenomenon in which the ice meits to the water below 0°C on the appliéation of pressure and refreezes back to ice on the removal of pressure. bad + The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which it changes state from Solid to liquid. 2 Explanation: * Melting point of ice is 0+C" id="MathJax-Element-1-Frame’ rolé="presentation’ tabindex="0">0". + When we apply pressure, the melting point changes, and! this results in the ice fusing. + So, when we press two ice cubes together, due to excessive pressure, the ice at the ends melts and forms a thin water layer between the contact Surface of the two cubes. + When this pressure is remo\ed,the water layer freezes and causes the two blocks of ice toWeeEe. Thin Layer of water formed Pressure Pressure ——| Ice Block A lca Block B }——_ Thus, two blocks of ice when pressed together join to form one block because the melting point of Ice decreases with the increase of pressure. Ra eee arc Bla ere Ce Ce Ld) POT ones iE =] ] Sees PSs Crestor pao Download App Question 4: View this Question Online > e Melting Point of pure ice is- b 1, 273K % 2 0K 4. More than one of the above 5. None of the above Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 1: 273 KThermodynamics Question 4 Detailed Solution tg Explanation: + The melting point is the temperature at which|a Solid turns to a liquid * The melting point at which ice turns into liquid is Oc or 273K. + Regelation is the roan ice melting under pressure and refreezing when the pressure is reduced, Thus, the melting point of pure ice is 273K. &- Additional Information + The bolling point of a substance is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the pressure surrounding the liquid and the liquid changes into 4 vapor. + The boiling point of water is 100°. India’s #1 Learning Platform Cee ar eet Seles) Cl Le LC) reo fae DCS ciency (eres Download App Question 5: View this Question Online > The efficiency of a heat engine can never be 1, 10% 2. 80% 3. 100% n 4. More than one of the above 5. None of theabovebs \ wer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 3: 100% ‘Thermodynamics Question 5 Detailed Solution CONCEPT: Second Law of Thermodynamics: 1. Clausius statement: It is impossible for a self-acting machine to transfer heat from a colder body to a hotter one without the aid of an external agency 2. Kelvin-Planck’s statement: It is impossible to design an engine that extracts heat and fully utilizes it into work without producing any other effect. EXPLANATION: + A heat engine is a device that converts continuously heat energy to mechanical energy in a cyclic Process, + The main parts of a heat engine are Source: It is @ heat reservoir at a higher temperature Ty © Sink: It is a reservoir at a lower temperature T. Working Substance: Working substance is any gaseous or liquid substance that performs mechanical work when heat is supplied to it, + The diagram below shows the essential components of a heat engine: i co Q, w Q, : S HE: Heat Engine Xo Ty : Temperature of Source / Hot reser I; Temperature of Sink / Cold Reservoir Qj : Heat absorbed from Source and Qy Heat rejected to Sink W: Work Done + The efficiency(n) of a heat engine is defined as: 11> see store fmt serace Now, W=Q; -Q2 ns MW = 2% =1-% TS er Se rg + The efficiency of the heat engine is always less than 1+ This is because in reality none of the engines can convert absorbed heat completely into work, as some of the heat will always be dissipated during the process. + Also stated, according to the second Law no heat engine can have 100% efficiency. Therefore option 3 is correct ea cS Deane poe) Start Complete Exam Preparation a Ace Poe fin - Cem r Csee By Download App Question 6 View this Question Online of thermodynamics is used to understand the concept of energy conservation. 1. Zeroth law 2. First law 3. Second law 4. None of the above ' e Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 2: First law’ a... Question 6 Detailed Solution Concept: + The zeroth law of thermodynamics states that if two thermodynamic systems are each in ‘thermal equilibrium with a third, then they are in thermal equilibrium with each other. This law is the basis for the temperature measurement. 1 a a a et,pachestratten: cinnintetean Wit in sete aaa systel energy can only t be transferred or changed from one form to another. The first law of thermodynamics is a restatement of the law of conservation of energy i.e., According to the first law of Thermodynamics: AQ=AW+AU + Now the First Law of Thermodynamics helped us in understanding the principle of conservation of energy, whereas according to the Second Law of thermodynamics for natural system heat always flows in one direction (higher temperature to lower temperature body) unless it aided by an external fector. And to measure the direction of force we use term entropy which can be expressed as = 4 f as= 2 . AQ = heat exchange '@ AW = work done due to expansion ’ — AU = internal energy of the system > {AS = change in entropy fi T= temperature ~ Explanation: As explained above according to the first law of thermodynamics energy cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system, energy can only be transferred or changed from one form to another. This is the ideal statement which is used in thermodynamics for explaining the concept of energy conservation among systems and surrounding. Hence option 2is correct among all Tricks to remember: This is the conclusive point for all three laws of thermodynamics. Zeroth law - Concept of temperature First law — Concept of internal energy/ eneray conservation Second law ~ Concept of entropy/ heat flow eee era) Start Complete Exam Preparation SRE recs aes ee bceDownload App Question 7 <( View this Question Online > If the temperature of the source is increased, the sei yer e Carnot engine 1. Increases as 2. Decreases 50 3. Remains eo” 4 ‘eases and then becomes constant Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 1 : Increases Thermodynamics Question 7 Detailed Solution CONCEPT: + Camot engine: The theoretical engine which works on the Camot eycle is called a cee ni : » It. gives the maximum possible efficiency among all types of heatengines. = The part of the Camot engine which provides heat to the engine is calledaih ite, » The temperature of the source is maximum among all the part $cc a engine is The part of the Carnot engine in which an extra amount of B, ‘The amount of work which is done by the engine is called as WrPuione. called as a heat sink. The efficiency (n) of aCamotengineis given by: Ns “* VJ T. = Work done(W) _ @,- @ tr q=l- Where Tc is the temperature ote Type fremperature of the source, W is work done by the engine, Qjp is the heat given t gine/heat input and Qpis heat rejected. EXPLANATION y The efficiency (n) of the Carnot engines given by: n=1-To/Ty + Here if T,, increases, the value of Te/Ty, decreases, and hence the value of (1 -To/T,) increases + If the temperature of the source (T,,) is increased then the efficiency of the Carnot engine Increases So ontion 1 ie correctec eearecuai poeta) Dea Start Complete Exam Preparation eee Foie ess ne ss Crestor Download App Eaotrar Question 8 View titis Question Online > A Carnot engine works between the temperature 227° C and 127° C. If the work output of the engine is 104 J, then the amount of heat rejected to the sink will be: 4. 1 «104d 2. 2* 104d al 3. Ax104J ( % 4, 5x104J 2. (Detailed Solution Below) Option 3: 4.x 104 J Thermodynamics Question 8 Detailed Solution CONCEPT: + Carnot engine an ideal reversible engine that operates between two temperatures Ty (Source), and Ta (Sink). + Carnot engine operates through a series of two isothermal and adiabatic processes called the Carnot cycle. + The steps of the Camot cycle are 1, Isothermal expansion 2. Adiabatic expansion 3. Isothermal compression 4. Adiabatic compression+ The efficiency of the Carnot engine is defined as the ratio of net work done per cycle by the engine to heat absorbed per cycle by the working substance from the source. + The efficiency is given by Ww = -@ -1_ 9 eT a n= Where W = Work, Q] = Amount of heat absorbed, Q2 = Amount of heat rejected b= 7 ‘ aeet == . ¢ n=1-% . 7 cy Where Ty = temperature of the source and T = temperature of the sink. SOLUTION: » Given-T, = 227° 0= ne gai + The efficiency is given by =1-% sn=1-3B * The amount of heat absorbed by the Camot engine can be calculated is 3Q=¥ame \ 2 Q= w= Mab x10F + The amount of heat rejected to the sink will be: = 0)=Q,-W = QQ =5x 104-1 104=4x 1040 Ra < ieee an eu! paren) Start Complete Exam Preparation rvs eed era) r Cree ara Piotr Download AppQuestion 9 View this Question Online > In which Thermodynamic process is there no flow tween the system and the surroundings? © 2 1; ‘isobaric oft 2 ‘owe S50 ee v Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 3: Adiabatic Thermodynamics Question 9 Detailed Solution CONCEPT: Isobaric Isochoric Isothermal i ae process |adbatc process fe aes The process in % which the volume of, ithe gas) It allows to set}"emains The It allows to set Neo lup the constant is Oo called the therinadyysete, proc feletonshio iisochorie during which no heat “llDrocess.. ‘transfer occurs: itheeee between lpressuphtttarite em volume andl Eor example: A thermodynamic Pee eee, . as is filled in systems and ae empecrinstantt-"” “closed surroundings called [constant Pressure. container thenlan adiaba is Nprpereture: jthe volume of} the gas will remain constant 4/11 = Piva = Vo/T2 so V= P2V2 soPV= IT ‘Constant Where [Vy and] p, _ p, _ [PMY PRS Ninere [Py and V2 are volume |7- ~ + ~ \Whereyisratioof | Pz are the land Tq and Constant | specific heat pressure of Tp are igases and different V1 and Vo are temperatures] volume] EXPLANATION: + In an adiabatic process, no heat flows between the system and surroundings. So option 3 is correct. eee ac ESTE la merely) eC coe a Peay pm aacs 3 Were ester Download App Question 10 View this Question Online > An Ideal gas heat engine operates in Carnot's cycle between 227° C and 127°C It absorbs 6x 104 J at high temperature. The amount of heat converted into work is_ 1. 48x 104xJ 2, 3.5% 10*xJ ag Wd 2 16x104xJyor r (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4:1.2x104x J Thermodynamics Question 10 Detailed Solution CONCEPT: * Carnot engine an ideal reversible engine that operates between two temperatures T, (Source), and T; (Sink) + Carnot engine operates through a series of two isothermal and adiabatic processes called the Carnot cycle. + The steps of the Camot cycle are 1. Isothermal expansion 2. Adiabatic expansion 3. Isothermal compression 4. Adiabatic compression + The efficiency of the Carnot engine is defined as the ratio of network done per cycle by the engine to heat absorbed per cycle by the working substance from the source. + The efficiency is given by =W = @-@ -1- % 1 a a : Where W = Work, Q, = Amount of heat absorbed, Q, = Amount of heat rejected ve on Ase # n=l-R Where T; = temperature of the source and T; = temp viet | CALCULATION: Given -T, = 2274273 = 500 K,T2= 1 400 K, Heat absorbed by the engine is Q; = 6 x 104J + The efficiency of the heat engine is given by =i —a =Ms1-8+ Hence, option 4 is the answer Teese arte Start Complete Exam Prepara ae fai tors (estes Download App Question 11 View this Question Online > In thermodynamics is nota state variable. 1. density 2. intemal energy 3s 3. enthalpy Y 4. Heat ~ Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4: Heat ‘Thermodynamics Question 11 Detailed Solution CONCEPT: + State variables are defined as the thermodynamical variables which depend only on the initial and final state of a thermodynamical system. © These variables don't depend on how the thermodynamical system changed itself from the initial to the final state. » Temperature, Pressure, Internal energy, and Density are the examples of state variables. » State variables are also known as state functions. + Path variables are defined as the thermodynamical variables which depend on the way in which ‘the thermodynamical system achieved the initial and final states. Tw RR iN es Ro ogra ae Ae ttEXPLANATION: + Internal energy, pressure, density, and enthalpy are examples of state variables. Since they depend only on the final and initial states of the thermodynamical system. + Heat is a measure of the amount of energy present in a thermodynamical system. As the amount of energy changes the heat present in the system changes. Hence heat is the path variable. Therefore option 4 is correct answer. India’s #1 Learning Platform Start Complete Exam Preparation Paes Practice maa Pcie Cres ear Puerco Download App Question 12 Dau eca View this Question Online Whatis the source temperature of the Carnot engine in K required to get 70% efficiency? Given sink temperature = 27 °C . 3 1. 1000 K > 2. 90K 3. 270K =oAnswer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 1: 1000 K ‘Thermodynamics Question 12 Detailed Solution CONCEPT: + Carnot engine: A theoretical thermodynemic cycle proposed by Leonard Carnot, It gives the estimate of the maximum possible efficiency that a heat engine during the conversion process of heat into work and conversely, working between two reservoirs, can possess. » So practically and theoretically there can not be any engine with more efficiency than Carnot engine. F The efficiency of the Carnot's Heat engine is given by: n=1-h 7 where T, is the temperature of the cold reservoir/sink and'T, is the temperature of the hot reservoit/source. . + The efficiency of this type of engine is independent of the nature of the working substance and is only dependent on the temperature of the hot and cold reservoirs. CALCULATION: Given that sink temperature T,, = 27° n= 70%=07 n=l-f = 1_ 300 07 =1- 0 Tj, = 300/0.3 = 1000 K So the correct enswer is option 1. & ieee an eu! paren) Start Complete Exam Preparation rats eed era) r Cree ara Piotr Download AppQuestion 13 Oo” View this Question Online > The heat given to an ideal gas in ~~ Cr: used to: 1. increase temperature 2. do external work AO sa %G ture and in doing external work 4, increase internal energy Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 2: do external work Thermodynamics Question 13 Detailed Solution CONCEPT: <(\ First Law of Thermodynamics: © + It is a statement of conservation of energy in the thermodynamical ISS, + According to it heat given to a system (AQ) is equal to the sum of in its internal energy (AU) and the work done (AW) by the system against the ings. ieAQ=AU+AW — [-AW=pAV] + It makes no distinction between work and he ssa ing to it the internal energy (and hence temperature) of a system may “Ki adding heat to it or doing work on it or both. EXPLANATION: + When a thermodynamic system undergoes a physical change in such a way that its temperature remains constant, then the change is known as an Isothermal process. * As. we know that, the internal energy of the system is a function of temperature alone, so in the isothermal process, the change in internal energy is zero. + AQ=0+AW= AW * Therefore, the heat given to an ideal gas in isothermal conditions is used to do external work. Hence option 2 Is correct.aa ean pee) Start Complete Exam Preparation @ Trusted by 1,86,00,449+ Student Prue feed ed Poorer ere ean pacts Download App Question 14 View this Question Online > Which variable is held constant in Charles's Law? 1. Temperature 2. Volume 3. Heat : Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4: Pressure Thermodynamics Question 14 Detailed Solution CONCEPT: Charles law: - ¢ P Pp Increase —_1—}_ volume —— " K—¥ Decrease * | | volume aa” + If the pressure remaining Gongtant, the volume of the given mass of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature.ieVeT or V/T = constant aM ee a Ot EXPLANATION: + From above it Is clear that in Charles's Law, pressure remains constant, Therefore option 4 is correct. India's #1 Learning Platform Start Complete Exam Preparation aie = Dee rere ca paras Download App Question 15 View this Question Online > 110 joule of heat is added to a gaseous system, whose intemal energy is 40 J. Then the amount of external work done is ; 1, 1505 2. 70d 3 1105 @ gm ”™ Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 2: 70 J Thermodynamics Question 15 Detailed Solution Concept + The first law of thermodynamics is a restatement of the law of conservation of eneray. It statesthat energy cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system; energy can only be transfe or changed from one form to another, + When heat energy is supplied to a thermodynamic system or any machine. + Two things may occur: oO > The internal energy of the System or machine may change. » The system may do some extemal work. Nee According to the first law of Thermodynamics: AQ=AW+AU O Where AQ = Heat supplied to the system or heat work done by the system, AU = change in internal energy of the system Se Explanation: Given that, AQ = 110 J, AU = 4 According to the first law of thermodynamics: AQ=AW+AU AU=AQ- AW 40 J= 110 J-AW AW=110-40=705 Then the amount of extemal work done Is 70 J.