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OmZodmar - 2024
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12 do eVH$ Vo 1857 n¶ªVMm H$mi hm ‘ܶ¶wJrZ H$mi ‘mZbm OmVmo.
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¶m§Mr ‘m{hVr {‘iVo. ¶m H$mimV Zoa, S>m|Jar, Omnr, {Z‘IoS>, ^dmbr, Hw$gw§~o,
X{hdob, nmQ>Uo, ~oQ>mdX, qnniZoa, H$mgmao B. Jmdm§Zm nmQ>mÛmao nmUr {Xbo
Om¶Mo. d ˶mn¡H$s EH$m {R>H$mUr ¶m nmʶmda Odinmg 27 {~Ko O{‘ZrV
1785-86 ‘ܶo CgmMr bmJdS> Ho$ë¶mMo C„oI {‘iVmV.
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gmdXm, ’¡$Onya ¶m ^mJmda ˶mMm H$moUVmM Xþîn[aUm‘ Pmbobm ZìhVm,
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{OëømV Omëg§H¥$VrMo ajU H$aʶmgmR>r ’$S> nÕVrMm {dH$mg Pmbm Á¶m
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‘¡gya g§ñWmZmVhr ‘moR>¶m à‘mUmV Cn¶moJ Ho$bm.
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‘hmZ H$d{¶Ìr am~br Vmo ‘ohê$U Agmo d BVahr Vbmd ¶m gdm©H$S>o, OmUyZ
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df© hrM pñWVr Amho. na§Vw Amåhr ImZXoeÀ¶m Obg§ñH¥$VrÀ¶m CnmgH$mZo
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Jmdm§Mr Zmdo nmʶmer g§~{YV AmhoV.18 CXm :-
nmUr :- A§~mnmUr, JoénmUr, ^m§JamnmUr, ‘moJamnmUr, Hw§$S>çmnmUr B.
{d{har :- Ab{dhra, XJS>r{dhra, Imob{dhra, dmì¶m{dhra, Ymdir{dhra B.
Hw$dm :- A¸$bHw$dm, ‘mbHw$dm, A‘bHw$dm, ~moarHw$dm B.
Vio :- {Z‘Vio, Vm‘Vio, IS>Vio, VioJmd B.
Hw§$S> :- ~moaHw§$S>, ~oS>mHw§$S>, ‘mH$S>Hw§$S> B.
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~{hîH$ma Q>mHo$b. Amnë¶m JmdmÀ¶m ZXrMo nm{dͶ Am{U nmʶmMr ewÕVm
amIʶmMr O~m~Xmar Amnbr Amho.' Am{U AmOhr gd© J«m‘ñW ¶mMo nmbZ
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AmnU Oa {H$Vrhr {’$ëQ>a bmdbo, {H$Vrhr nmUr ewÕrH$aU ¶§Ì dmnbr Var
Amnë¶mbm nmʶmnmgyZ hmoUmè¶m AmOmam§nmgyZ H$moUrhr dmMdy eH$V Zmhr.
Obg§ñH¥$VrMm Agm AmXe© {Z‘m©U H$ê$Z XoUmè¶m ImZXoeMo AmnU dmag
AmhmoV ˶m‘wio hm KoVbm dgm Q>mHy$ ZH$m, nmUr dm¶m Kmby ZH$m, dm¶m
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g§nyU©.
g§X^©
1. gmir, S>m°. MoVZ e§H$a - g§X^© ‘hmamï´>, B§Q>obŠMwAb ~wH$ ã¶wamo,
^monmi, àW‘ Amd¥Îmr, 2005, n¥ð> H«$. 764
2. OiJmd {Oëhm JPoQ>{¶a- ‘amR>r Amd¥Îmr 1994, n¥ð> H«$. 54-55
3. gmir, e§H$a AÊUmOr - "{X Aßna n{bAmo{b{WH$ H$ëMa AQ> nmQ>Uo,
{S>ñQ´>rŠQ> JPoQ>{¶a OiJmd, ‘hmamï´>' [ag|Q> AS>ìhmÝgog BZ B§S>mo n
{g{’$H$ {à{hñQ>ar, 1985, n¥. H«$. 139-140
4. {H$Îmm 2, n¥. H«$. 55
5. gH$mi d¥ÎmnÌ - {X. 1 OmZodmar 2017, {JaUoÀ¶m H$mR>mda AmT>ibo
3700 dfm©nyduMo Adeof
6. ~monS>uH$a, ~r. nr. - "A{b© ñQ>moZ EO gmB©Q> AQ> ‘mZoJmd Am°Z {X nyUm©
[aìha, {S>ñQ´>rŠQ> JPoQ>{¶a OiJmd, ‘hmamï´>,' B§{S>¶Z AÝQ>r¹$ar, I§S>
H«$. 4, 1970, n¥. H«$. 8 - 12
7. {H$Îmm 2 n¥. H«$. 65
8. ‘amR>r dm§½‘¶mMm B{Vhmg, I§S> H«$. 1, 1984 n¥.H«$ 624-27
9. {XdoH$a S>m°. h. am. - VËdgma J«§W, 1936
10. {H$Îmm 8 n¥. H«$. 366
11. eoadmZr, EM. Ho$. d Omoer, nr. E‘. (g§nm.)- {hñQ´>r Am°’$ {‘{S>ìhb
S>o¸$Z,Am§Y« JìhÝ‘]Q> àH$meZ, àW‘ Amd¥Îmr, h¡Ðm~mX, 1976, n¥.H«$. 6
12. BãZ~VwVm H$s ^maV ¶mÌm - Mm¡Xhdr eVmãXr H$m ^maV - ZeZb
~wH$ Q´>ñQ> Am°’$ B§{S>¶m, Zdr {X„r, Mm¡Wr Amd¥Îmr, 2005, n¥.H«$. 187.
13. ~mo~S>o, ~r. Ama. - V~H$mVo-E-AH$~ar d MMZm‘m, AéUm àH$meZ,
bmVya, àW‘ Amd¥Îmr, 2017 (àH$m{eV VgoM ‘yi hñV{bpIV
CnbãY Amho)
14. ~mo~S>o, ~r. Ama. - ‘yi hñV{bpIV CnbãY - boIH$ h{’$OwYrZ
Ah‘X, ‘yi Zmd J§O B - ‘mZr, Vdm[aIo XŠIZ, 289 n¥ð>o.
15. {H$Îmm 11, n¥. H«$. 232
16. ehm, Or. ~r. - noedoH$mbrZ ImZXoe- AàH$m{eV nrEM. S>r. à~§Y,
nwUo {dÚmnrR>, nwUo
17. ^m‘ao, S>m°. gO}amd - ImZXoemVrb A{^Zd ’$S> qgMZ nÕV,
Obg§dmX ñ‘a{UH$m, OmZodmar 2018
gd© AmXaUr¶ g§emoYH$ {‘ÌmZmo ¶m ‘m¶m boImVrb ‘m{hVrMm AmnU
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‘mbHw$dm, A‘bHw$dm, ~moarHw$dm, B. Vio- {Z‘Vio, Om‘Vio, IS>H$Vio,
VioJmd, B. Hw§$S> - ~moaHw§$S>, ~oS>mHw§$S>, ‘mH$S>Hw§$S> B. VgoM nmʶmer g~§{YV
Agboë¶m J«m‘Zm‘m§À¶m A§Ë¶nXmV Zoa (Zra) = nmUr Am{U CnnXmV Obo ho
nmUr ¶m eãXmMo g‘mZmWu eãX Ambobo Amho. WmiZoa, A‘iZoa, qnniZoa,
Zoa Va H$mhr J«m‘Zm‘m§Mm dmhUm¶m© àdmhm§er g§~§Y Va H$mhr P¶mªer g§~§{YV
Amho. ¶m J«m‘Zm‘m§Mm Aä¶mg Ho$ë¶mda Ago {XgVo H$s, ImZXoeÀ¶m
g§ñH¥$Vrbm Ob g§ñH¥$Vr Ago g§~moYbo Jobo.
ImÝXoemVrb nm§Pam Imoao ho X»»ZÀ¶m nmR>mamdarb A{V CÎmaoH$S>rb
AWdm dm¶ì¶oH$S>rb nm§Pam ZXr nyd© dm{hZr. X»IZMo nR>ma ho bmìhm
agmnmgyZ {Z‘m©U Pmbo. gmYmaUnUo 64 Vo 65 Xebj dfm©nydu bmìhm ag
hOmamo Mm¡ag {H$.‘r joÌmV ngê$Z ˶mnmgyZ ~ogmëQ> IS>H$mMo Wa V¶ma Pmbo.
X»IZMo nR>ma Aem bmìhmag ‘hmnya à{H«$¶oVyZ V¶ma Pmbo, Ago ‘V ZmgmMo
emók S>m°. {‘ImB©b am‘{n¶mo (1990) ¶m§Zr ‘m§S>bo. ^yemómÀ¶m
AZw‘mZmZwgma Xhm bmI dfm©nydu nm§Pam ZXr {Z‘m©U Pmbr Agmdr, Agm
A§XmO Amho. "B§{S>¶Z Am{H©$A°bm°Or - E [aìøy' ¶m ¶mXrdê$Z ImZXoemVrb
AZoH$ Jmdo hOmamo dfm©nmgyZ A{VàmMrZ d¡^d g§nÞ B{Vhmg Amnë¶m CXamV
JS>n H$ê$Z Vmo CH$bʶmgmR>r g§emoYH$m§Mr dmQ> nhmV Amho.
gmH«$s VmbwŠ¶mVrb àmMrZ Jmdo :
1. A푶wJrZ ñWio (B.g. nyd© 1 bmI Vo 30 hOma df}) {H$admS>o, ^moZJmd,
^mS>Uo, ^m‘oa, gmH«$s, XmVaVr, Ydi{dhra B.
2. ‘ܶ¶wJrZ A푶wJrZ ñWio : H$mgmao, JUoenya, Imoar, KmoS>Xo, N>S>dob,
{Q>Q>mUo, ZdS>Uo, ‘mbnya, åhgXr, dg‘ma, eoUnya, eodJo.
3. CÎma A푶wJrZ ñWio - Amï>mUo, Am‘Iob, B§Xdo, YZoa, ZdS>Uo,
~«måhUdob, dmgIoS>r.
4. Vm‘«nmfmU¶wJrZ ñWio - (B.g.nydu 4 hOma 2700 df}) C^§S>, qMMIoS>o,
N>S>dob, O¡VmUo, XþgmUo, ^mS>Uo, YmS>Uo, ê$U~ir, gmH«$s.
darb Jmdm§Mm d¡^dembr B{Vhmg CËIZZ H$ê$Z àmMrZ g§ñH¥$VrÀ¶m AZoH$
n¡by§da àH$me Q>mH$Vm ¶oB©b.
Vmnr Imoè¶mV ˶m H$mimV Á¶m dgmhVr Pmë¶mV, ˶mMr H$maUo
Imbrbà‘mUo
1. ImZXoemV Vmnr Imo¶m©Mr d¡{eï²>¶nyU© ^m¡Jmo{bH$ aMZm.
2. CÎma d X{jU ^maVmÀ¶m ‘Ymo‘Y Agë¶mZo àma§^rnmgyZ ‘mZdr ñWbm§Va.
3. ì¶mnmamg Cn¶wº$.
4. ¶mo½¶ nmD$g, Vmnr d CnZÚm (nm§Pam, H$mZ, ~wamB©, {JaUm) ¶m ~ma‘mhr
dmhUm¶m© ZÚm B˶mXt‘wio ‘hmamï´>mVrb AmÚ eoVH$ar Vmnr Imo¶m©V CX¶mg
Ambo. gmH«$s VmbwŠ¶mV nm§Pam H$mZ Imo¶m©V ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV darb Jmdm§Zm
dgmhVr {Z‘m©U Pmë¶m AmhoV.
Vm‘«nmfmU ¶wJr g‘mO aMZoMr d g§ñH¥$VrMr gmH«$s Odirb H$mdR>o Jmdr S>o¸$Z
H$m°boOZo Ho$boë¶m gZ 1984 Am¶V CËIZmZo ¶oWrb AmÚ eoVH$¶mªÀ¶m
OrdZ g§ñH¥$Vrda àH$me nS>bm. H$mdR>o ¶oWrb dgmhV Vrg hoŠQ>a ^y^mJmV
ngabr hmoVr. gmH«$s VmbwŠ¶mVrb qMMIoS>o ¶oWo (B.g.nyd© 1400 Vo 1000)
¶m H$mbI§S>mVrb Omod} g§ñH¥$Vr CËIZZmV ‘mVrMr ^m§S>r d Vm§ã¶mMm ^mbm
’o$~«wdmar-2024
gmnS>bm. ¶mdê$Z ¶oWo g‘¥ÜX d¡^dembr g§ñH¥$Vr Zm§XV hmoVr ¶mMm hm nwamdm
{‘iVmo.
nm§Pam H$mZ Imo¶m©Vrb A{^Zd ObqgMZ (’$S> nÜXV) :
ImZXoemVrb nm§Pam ZXrMm CJ‘ e|XdS>À¶m S>m|JamVyZ hmoVmo. Vmo àXoe g‘wÐ
gnmQ>rnmgyZ Mma hOma ’w$Q>mnojm OmñV C§M Amho. {VMo CJ‘ñWmZ 20.51
CÎma Ajm§g d 73.55 nyd© aoIm§e ¶m Xaå¶mZ Amho. nm§Pam ZXr nyd}H$S>o 99
{H$.‘r dmhV OmVo. qnniZoaÀ¶m nwT>o Om‘Iobr d nwT>o gmH«$sOdi H$mZ ZXr
{Vbm ¶odyZ {‘iVo. Ywù¶mÀ¶m nyd}bm {Vbm H$mQ>H$moZ diU {‘iVo d Vr
Vmnrbm ‘wS>mdX JmdmOdi {‘ion¶ªV {VMm àdmh X{jU - CÎma Agm hmoVmo.
gmH«$s VmbwŠ¶mV ZXrMo 138 {H$.‘r bm§~rMo Imoao 3257 Mm¡.{H$.‘r AgyZ Vo
nmUr eoVrgmR>r dmnaʶmH$[aVm 2 Vo 5 ‘rQ>a C§MrMo XJS>r ~§Ymao ~m§YyZ ˶mda
’$S> nÜXVrZo eoVrg nmUr nwadR>m AmOVm¶mJV Ho$bm OmVmo. ¶m ’$S> nÜXVrMm
B{Vhmg A{Ve¶ amo‘hf©H$ Amho. e|XdS> S>m|JamVrb EH$m H$nmarVyZ CJ‘
nmdboë¶m nm§Pam ZXrZo gmH«$s VmbwŠ¶mMm gm‘m{OH$, Am{W©H$ H$m¶mnmbQ>
Ho$bm Amho. ¶m ZXrH$mR>rM àmMrZ g§ñH¥$Vr CX¶mg Ambr.
’$S> nÔVrMo Eo{Vhm{gH$ g§X^© :
WiH$ar hm eãX ‘Zwñ‘¥VrV AmT>iVmo. h„r WiH$ar hm eãX WimV
O‘rZ AgUm¶mªgmR>r dmnaVmV. ¶m‘wio hr ’$S> nÜXV ‘Zwñ‘¥Vr H$mimnmgyZ
ApñVËdmV Agmdr Agohr åhQ>bo OmVo. qgYy g§ñH¥$VrÀ¶m H$mimnmgyZ
~§Ym¶mªMr na§nam Amho. Omod} g§ñH¥$VrÀ¶m H$mimVhr ~§Ymao ~m§Yë¶mMr ‘m{hVr
{‘iVo. àmMrZH$mir ImZXoebm F${fH$ åhUV. ˶mg ñdm‘rH¥$îU, H¥$îUmMm
Xoe, H$Ýh Xoe, ImZXoe Ago Zmd nS>bo Agmdo. hr ’$S> nÜXV ˶m H$mimVrb
bmoH$m§Zr gwê$ Ho$br AgʶmMr eŠ¶Vm Amho. nwT>o ImZXoemV ‘m¡¶mªMr gÎmm
Ambr. ‘m¡¶mªZrhr qgMZmMr H$m‘o d ˶m§Mr Xþê$ñVr H$aʶmH$[aVm ñdV§Ì
eoVH$s ImVo {Z‘m©U Ho$bo hmoVo. ˶m H$mimV H$mbdo, Vbmd ¶mgma»¶m qgMZ
nÜXVr gaH$mar à¶ËZmVyZ, bmoH$ gh^mJmVyZ {Z‘m©U hmoV. d ˶mMm ghH$mar
VËdmdaM qgMZmgmR>r dmna Ho$bm OmV Ago. ¶m qgMZ nÜXVrV (’$S>)
AgmM ghH$mamÀ¶m nÜXVrMm Adb§~ hmoVmo, ˶m‘wio hr nÜXV ‘m¡¶©H$mbrZ
AgʶmMr eŠ¶Vm dmQ>Vo. gw‘mao EH$ hOma dfm©nydu ¶mXdm§Mr gÎmm Ambr.
goD$UM§Ð hm ¶mXdm§Mm àma§^rMm amOm. ˶mÀ¶m Zmdmdê$ZM ¶m ^mJmbm Zmd
nS>bo. goD$UXoe d nwT>o H$mbm¡KmV, ˶mMo ê$nm§Va ImZXoemV Pmbo Agmdo.
¶mXd amOm§Zrhr ~§Ymao qgMZmg àmoËgmhZ {Xbo. ’$S> nÜXV ˶m§À¶m
H$mimnmgyZ ApñVËdmV Agë¶mMr OmñV eŠ¶Vm dmQ>Vo.
’$[aíVm :
gZ 1296 ‘wpñb‘ gwbVmZemhrZo ImZXoeMm àXoe qOH$bm. ¶m qOH$boë¶m
ImZXoeÀ¶m A{YnVtMm C„oI ˶mZo Amnë¶m {bImUmV Ho$bm hmoVm. ’$S>
nÜXV hr ¶m ImZXoeMr nÜXV åhUyZ AmoiIbr OmV Agë¶mZo {VMm g§~§Y
‘wpñb‘ gÎmm§er ZgyZ ¶mXd qH$dm ˶mnyduÀ¶m emgH$m§er Agë¶mMr XmQ>
eŠ¶Vm Amho. gZ 1396 Vo 1407 À¶m XþJm©XodrÀ¶m XþîH$mimMr Pi
ImZXoebmhr ~gbr. ¶mVyZ ‘mJ© H$mT>ʶmgmR>r ‘{bH$ amOm ’$ê$H$sZo eoVr
CËnmXZ dmT>dʶmgmR>r ^a {Xbm. d eoVrgmR>r nmUr nwadR>m H$aʶmÀ¶m gmo¶r
CnbãY H$ê$Z {Xë¶mV. A~wb ’$Pb åhUVmo, ‘{bH$ amOmÀ¶m H$m¶©j‘ d
XjVmnyd©H$ ì¶dñWmnZm‘wio AmogmS> ~Zboë¶m naXoemV bmoH$dñVr dgdyZ
nS>rH$ O‘rZ bmJdS>rImbr AmUVm Ambr. Am{Xb ImZ ’$mê$H$s - Xþgam
¶mZohr eoVr d H$mbì¶mg àmoËgmhZ {Xbo. ¶m‘wio ’$ê$ItÀ¶m AJmoXa
ImZXoemV ’$S> nÜXV ApñVËdmV hmoVr.
naXoer àdmem§Mo àdmg d¥Îmm§V :
àmMrZ H$mimnmgyZ CÎma d n{ü‘oH$S>o OmUmao gmW©dmh nW (‘hm‘mJ©)
ImZXoemVyZ OmV, VoìhmnmgyZ ¶m àXoemMo ì¶mnmar, amOH$s¶, gm§ñH¥${VH$ d
Am{W©H$ ‘hËd dmT>rg bmJbo. BãZ~VwVm hm A{’«$H$Z àdmgr gZ 1342 -
43 À¶m gw‘mamg ImZXoemVyZ Jobm. hm A{Ve¶ g§nÞ àXoe Amho, Ago ˶mZo
àdmgmV {bhÿZ R>odbo Amho. amë’$ {’$M 1587 d ݶy~oar 1601 À¶m Xaå¶mZ
ImZXoemVyZ Jobo. hm g§nÞ àXoe AgyZ Vm§XimMo {nH$ ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV hmoVo.
1601 ‘ܶo gb~°H$ hm gmH«$s, {ZOm‘nya ^mJmVyZ Jobm. Va hQ>H$sÝg hm
1609 gwaV hÿZ ~hm©Unyabm OmVmZm gmH«$s VmbwŠ¶mVyZ Jobm. hm g§nÞ àXoe
AgyZ CgmÀ¶m Jwhm©im§Mr ˶mZo Zm|X Ho$br Amho. Q>m°‘gamo, ‘mQ>uZ, ‘m°[ag
¶m§Zrhr ¶oWrb g§nÞVoMr Zm|X Ho$br Amho. ¶m H$mimV ¶m àXoemV qgMZ nÜXVr
Agë¶mMm C„oI Ho$bm Amho.
WodmoZmo hm ’«|$M àdmgr {edH$mimV gwaV hÿZ Am¡a§Jm~mXbm OmVm§Zm
Zdmnya, H$moS>mB©~mar, h{Xdob, gm‘moS>o, qnniZoa ‘mJ} Jobm. Vmo åhUVmo, hm
g§nÞ àXoe AgyZ ¶oWo Am‘am¶m ^anya AmhoV. CÎm‘ àVrMm gwdm{gH$ Vm§Xþi
(H$‘moX) ^maVmVrb gdm}ËH¥$ï> Amho Ago ˶mZo Z‘yX Ho$bo Amho. D$gmMo ‘io d
Jwhm©im§Mm C„oI Ho$bm Amho. ^mV d D$g hr ¶oWrb ’$S> nÜXVrVrb ‘hËdmMr
{nHo$ hmoV. ˶m‘wio ¶m gd©M àdmem§À¶m dU©Zmdê$Z Agm {ZîH$f© H$mT>Vm ¶oVmo
H$s, ImZXoemV ’$S> nÜXV AmYrM ApñVËdmV hmoVr. ‘moJb H$mbI§S>mVrb
B{VhmgH$ma ’$[aíVm, A~w b ’$Pb ¶m§ À ¶m {bImUmVhr nmUr
nwadR>çmg§~§YrMm C„oI {‘iVmo.
bmoH${hVdmXtÀ¶m nÌ Z§. 150 d 175 Z§~aÀ¶m nÌmV Wi nÜXVrMm
C„oI ¶oVmo. Vo åhUVmV H$s doJdoJù¶m Jmdr Wio AgVmV. ˶m Wù¶m§Mr Zmdo
Jmdm§À¶m Zmdmà‘mUo {dbjU AgVmV. CXm. åhgm~mMo ’$S>, nigmMo ’$S>,
EoS>~mB©Mm ’$S> B. ¶mdê$Z Agm {ZîH$f© {ZKVmo H$s, Jmdm§À¶m ApñVËdm~amo~aM
Wio ApñVËdmV Ambr AgmdrV. hm B{Vhmg nhmV AgVmZm ImZXoemVrb hr
nÜXV àmMrZ H$mimnmgyZ ApñVËdmV AgʶmMr eŠ¶Vm Amho.
ImZXoemVrb XJS>r ~§Ym¶mªMr ‘m{hVr Mm¡Xmì¶m eVH$mnmgyZ {‘iVo.
˶m AJmoXa dmiyMo H$ƒo ~§Ymao AgmdoV. ˶m§À¶m ghmæ¶mZo Wim§Zm nmUr {Xbo
OmV Agmdo. ZXrH$mR>À¶m Jmdr ~§Ymao Agë¶mMm C„oI {edH$mimVhr
AmT>iVmo. ˶m H$mimV nmQ>ñWi O{‘ZrgmR>r EH$ar Xhm ê$n¶o Agm gmam
AmH$mabm OmB©.
gZ 1818 ‘ܶo B§J«Om§Zr ImZXoe Vmã¶mV Koë¶mZ§Va ¶oWrb n{hbo
H$boŠQ>a Om°Z ~«r½g ¶m§Zr eoVrbm nmUr nwadR>m H$aUm¶m© ~§Ym¶mªMr nhmUr Ho$br
AgVm ˶m§Zm 187 ~§Ymao Agë¶mMo AmT>ibo. nU AmO XþX£dmZo Vr ¶mXr
CnbãY Zmhr. gZ 1819 ‘ܶo 187 ~§Ym¶mªn¡H$s ’$º$ 40 ~§Ymao gwpñWVrV
hmoVo, Aer ‘m{hVr S>o¸$Z H${‘eZ [anmoQ>© d {~«Q>rem§À¶m ImZXoe J°Po{Q>Aa‘ܶo
{‘iVo. ImZXoemV ˶m H$mimV H$m‘ H$aUm¶m© ñQw>AQ>© JmS>©Z ¶m A{YH$m¶m©Zo
Amnë¶m {bImUmV nmQ>ñWi ~mJm¶V åhUOo ZXrdarb bhmZem ~§Ym¶m©À¶m
ghmæ¶mZo nmUr AS>dyZ ~mJm¶V Ho$br OmUmar O‘rZ hmo¶, Agm C„oI Ho$bm
Amho.
’$S> nÜXVrMm AW© :
ZXr Vo nma ¶mVrb qgMZmg ¶mo½¶ Aem O{‘Zrbm Wi åhUVmV. ˶mMo VrZ
Mma ^mJ nmS>bobo AgVmV. ˶m à˶oH$ ^mJmg ’$S> Ago åhUVmV. ˶m§Zm
à˶oH$ Jmdr doJdoJir Zmdo AgV. à˶oH$ ’$S> gma»¶m AmH$mamMm Zgo. WimV
VrZ qH$dm Mma ’$S> AgV. EH$mV D$g, Xþg¶m©V ^mV, {Vg¶m©V Jhÿ Aer {nHo$
KoVbr OmV. EH$mM doir EH$m ’$S>mV EH$M nrH$ KoV. ¶m nÜXVrMo d¡{eï²>¶ Ago
H$s, ’$S>mVrb {nH$m§Mr noaUr, H$mnUr EH$mM doir H$aV. nmUr dmQ>nmgmR>r
nmQ>H$ar hm ñdV§Ì H$‘©Mmar Ago. ˶m‘wio {eñV~ÜX d gm‘§Oñ¶mZo gd©
joÌmbm nmUr R>aë¶mà‘mUo {Xbo OmB©. hr nmUr dmQ>nmMr AmXe© nÜXV hmoVr.
nmQ>ñWimVrb H$‘©Mmar :
nmQ>H$ar - à˶oH$ ’$S>mg nmʶmMo dmQ>n, nmQ>Mmarda bj XoUo hr H$m‘o ˶mMr
hmoVr.
~maoH$ar - ’$S>m‘mJo XmoZ ~maoH$ar AgV. amoO à˶oH$ ’$S>mÀ¶m VwH$S>çmg nmUr
^aUo VgoM {nH$mMo ajU H$aUo ho H$m‘ Vmo H$ar.
hdmbXma - ZXrdarb ~§Ym¶mªnmgyZ nmUr dmQ>n Mm¶mªn¶ªV Vmo nmUr
¶mo½¶[aVrZo OmVo H$s Zmhr Vo nhmV Ago. à˶oH$ VwH$S>çmg nmUr {‘iVo H$s
Zmhr Vo nmhUo g§nyU© ’$S> ^aë¶mMr ImÌr H$aUo B. n§M d Aݶ H$‘©Mmè¶mVrb
Xþdm åhUyZhr H$m‘o hdmbXmamg H$amdr bmJV. ¶m H$m‘mÀ¶m ‘mo~Xë¶mV darb
H$‘©Mmè¶m§Zm YmݶmMm ^mam qH$dm n¡go {‘iV AgV. ¶m gd© nmʶmMo {Z¶moOZ
H$aʶmgmR>r JmdmVrb n§M ‘§S>i Ago. ¶m n§M ‘§S>imVrb à‘wI d ˶mMo
ghH$mar nmʶmMo ¶mo½¶ nÜXVrZo Am¶moOZ, {Z¶moOZ hmoVo H$s Zmhr Vo nhmV.
H$moU˶m ’$S>mV H$moUVo {nH$ ¿¶mdo ho Vo Jmdg^oV R>adV AgV. n§M ‘§S>i ho
Jmd {ZdS>V Ago. JwT>rnmS>dm qH$dm Aj¶ V¥Vr¶m gma»¶m ‘whÿVm©da g^m Xd§S>r
XodyZ ~mobdV. d ˶mda nrH${Zhm¶ MMm© hmoB©. ¶m n§M ‘§S>im§Zm H$m‘mMm
‘mo~Xbm {Xbm OmV Zgo. {nH$ bmdUr, qZXUr Ho$ìhm H$am¶Mr ho n§M R>adyZ
XoV. VgoM nmQ>g’$mB© (Mmar) Ho$ìhm H$am¶Mr ¶mdahr MMm© hmoB©. d à˶oH$
^mJYmaH$ Amnbo Am¡V nmR>dyZ ˶m nmQ>MmarMr {ZJm R>odV Ago. ¶m ’$S>
nÜXVrV {Oao‘mir g‘mOmMo ñWmZ ‘hËdnyU© Amho. nm§Pam Imo¶m©V gw‘mao
gmoim ~§Ymao ~m§Yë¶mMo ˶m§À¶m d§emdir d ˶m§À¶m A{^boImVrb Zm|Xrdê$Z
{XgVo. lr. Oo~m gmd§V KaQ>o ¶m§Zr gm‘moS>m d XmS>Uo ¶oWo XmoZ ’$S> gZ 1539
‘ܶo ~m§Ybo. Am¡a§Oo~mg XmoZ am§PʶmV (‘moham) nm{Rµ>dë¶mMm C„oIhr
{‘iVmo. ~§Ymao ~m§Yë¶m‘wio JmdMr nmQ>rbH$shr XoʶmV ¶oB©. Ywio ¶oWrb ~§Ymam
g§Vy nmQ>rb ^moJo ¶m§Zr ~m§Ybm. ˶mg 18 hOma 250 ‘moham IM© Ambm.
˶m~Xë¶mV ˶m§Zm JmdMr nmQ>rbH$s XoʶmV Ambr. H$moH$ë¶mMm ~§Ymam gmdOr
H$moH$bo ¶m§Zr 25 hOma ‘moham IM© H$ê$Z ~m§Ybm. ¶m H$m‘mgmR>r ˶m§Zm
n¡R>UH$am§Zr Xhm nS>VZ O‘rZ BZm‘ {Xbr. XþgmUo ¶oWrb ~§Ymam AH$amì¶m
eVH$mV ~m§Ybm Joë¶mMo gm§{JVbo OmVo. H$mdR>o, nmUIoS>m, dma, Zoa ¶oWrb
~§Ymao {Oao‘mir g‘mOmZo ~m§Ybo.
kmZoœam§Zr kmZoœarV nmʶmg§~§Yr d ˶m§À¶m {Z¶moOZm~Ôb H$moU˶m g‘mOmZo
H$m¶ H$amdo, ho gm§{JVbo Amho. Vo nwT>rb A^§JmV åhUVmV,
‘mir¶o Oody Vo Zobo & Vody Vo {Zdm§VMo Ho$bo &
V¶m nmUr¶m Eogo Ho$bo & hmodmdo Jm &
AW© - nmUr ho ‘mir dmQ> XmIdob ˶mà‘mUo g§Mma H$arV AgVo. Vo ‘mù¶mbm
{damoY H$arV ZgVo. ˶m {R>H$mUr ‘mir hm g‘mOXe©H$ eãX A{Ve¶ ‘hËdmMm
Amho. H$maU qgMZ joÌmV ‘mir g‘mOmMo ¶moJXmZ ‘m¡{bH$ Amho. ImZXoemV
qgMZ (’$S>) nÜXVrV {Oao‘mir g‘mOmMo H$m¶© da C„oIë¶mà‘mUo ‘moR>o
Amho. n§Yamì¶m eVH$mnmgyZÀ¶m g§X^© gmYmZmdê$Z ’$S> C^maUr d
{dñVmaʶmV ˶m§Mo H$m¶© ‘mobmMo hmoVo ho àH$fm©Zo OmUdVo. ˶m§Zm bm^joÌmÀ¶m
‘¶m©Xm, O{‘ZrMo nmoV, ˶mda H$moUVo {nH$ ¿¶mdo g‘Oy eH$Vo. ‘mù¶m§À¶m
{dhrarVrb nmUr H$YrM AmQ>V Zmhr Ago åhUVmV. ImZXoemVrb {Oao‘mir
g‘mOmZo kmZoœam§Zr gm§{JVboë¶m A^§JmMo ‘hËd AmoiIyZ ¶m A{^Zd ’$S>
qgMZ nÜXVrV ‘mobmMo ¶moJXmZ {Xbo, ho ˶mdoiÀ¶m H$mJXnÌm§dê$Z d ˶m§À¶m
Odirb d§emdirdê$Z {XgyZ ¶oVo.
ZXrdarb ~§Ym¶mªMo H$m‘ :
ZXrdarb n¸o$ ~§Ymao XJS>, MwݶmÀ¶m {‘lUmZo ~m§Ybo AgyZ ˶m MwݶmV
dmiy~amo~a e§I, H$mV, H$dS>çm, ~ob’$i, qS>H$, Jwi, VmJ d Km¶nmVmMo V§Vy
¶mMm dmna H$ê$Z ~m§YH$m‘ H$arV. àmMrZ H$mimnmgyZ A˶§V ¶mo½¶ nÜXVrZo
JmdmVrb ‘§S>ir AZw^dr d H$V©~Jma n§M ‘§S>i ˶mda {Z¶§ÌU R>odVo Ago.
’$S> nÜXVrMo ’$m¶Xo :
1. nmʶmMr JaO bjmV KodyZ nmUr dmQ>n
2. gd© O‘rZrg gmaIo nmUr {‘io. ˶m‘wio nmUr dm¶m OmV Zgo.
3. {nH$m§À¶m H«$‘ nÜXVrZo O‘rZrg {dlm§Vr {‘io. hr nÜXV eoH$S>mo dfm©nmgyZ
Mmby AgyZhr ¶oWrb O‘rZ H$Yrhr Iam~ qH$dm jma¶wº$ Pmbr Zmhr.
4. gd© eoVH$¶mªMo {hVg§~§Y EH$M AgV. ˶m‘wio nmʶmMm AdmñVd d
AZ{YH¥$V dmna hmoV Zgo. gdmªZm g‘mZ nmUr dmQ>n Ho$bo OmB©.
5. ’$S> nÜXVr‘wio JmdmV EH$monm d ghH$m¶© dmT>rg bmJo.
6. ZXrVrb dmhVo nmUr ghH$mar VËdmda dmQ>ʶmMr hr AmXe© nÜXV hmoVr,
WiH$ar Hw$Qw>§~mÀ¶m ñdmdb§~ZmÀ¶m Ñï>rZo Vr ‘hËdnyU© hmoVr.
7. ¶mV nmUr dmQ>n, {nH$ amIUo ho ’$S> H$‘©MmarM H$aV. ˶m‘wio d¥ÜX,
{dYdm, ZmoH$ar H$aUmao ¶m§Zm CËnÞmMr {Z{üVr hmoVr.
8. d¥j g§dY©Z - nmQ>MmarV Zoh‘r nmUr Agë¶m‘wio MmarÀ¶m H$S>obm
Agboë¶m ‘moH$ù¶m OmJoV JmdH$¶mªZr ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV d¥j bmdbo. drg -
n§Mdrg dfm©nydu AZoH$ Jmdm§Zm Am‘am¶m hmo˶m. ¶m Am‘am¶mÀ¶m C„oI WodoZmo
d Q´>ìho{Z¶a ¶m naH$s¶ àdmem§Zr Amnë¶m àdmg dU©ZmV Ho$bobm Amho. nU
XþX£dmZo AmO ˶m Zï> Pmë¶m AmhoV.
H«$‘e: Cd©arV ^mJ ‘mM© 2024 À¶m nmZmda
 A{haamï´> H$mÝhXoe Zm {VZ A{ha gwnwÌ
1) N>ÌnVr {edmOr ‘hmamO 2) ^JdmZ lrH¥$îU 3) ‘hmamOm g¶mOramd Jm¶H$dmS>

A§Ymar gï>r A§Ymar gá‘r Mm§Þr Amï>‘r Mm§Þr MmD$Xg

a{ddma
J X ‘mir Jwê$Or nwʶVrV ìhB© (hmoir)
‘md Amdg
g§V EH$ZmW h Zm AmnQ>o nwʶVrV
‘hmamO gï>r

MmÞr nmS>m
gmo‘dma Mm§Þr Zd‘r

A§Ymar Aï>‘r ‘hmamOm g¶mOramd Jm¶H$dmS> O¶§Vr

{díd
A{hamUr {XZ VrV nwZr ìhB©,
Ty>Z(~§Omam)
^m|Jè¶m g‘má

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A§Ymar
‘§Jidma Zd‘r/Xg‘r
MmÞr ~rO/VrO MmÞr Xg‘r A§Ymar nmS>m
S>m°. CÎm‘amd nmQ>rb S>m§JarH$a O¶§Vr
{edmOramdXmXm nmQ>rb O¶§Vr
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~wYdma g§nmXH$ A§Ymar EH$mXg MmÞr Mm¡W

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lr. {dH$mg nmQ>rb àmMm¶© àem§V nmQ>rb

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A§Ymar Voag
H$nboga OÌm ‘wS>mdX
àH$mem OÌm, EH$bì¶ O¶§Vr
Xod‘moJam ¶m‘moJr, VmoaU‘mi OÌm
‘wº$m~mB© Mm§JXod OÌm h Zm AmnQ>o O¶§Vr

e{Zdma A§Ymar MmD$Xg

‘ëhmaamd hmoiH$a O¶§Vr
MmÞr gá‘r MmÞr Voag A§Ymar n§M‘r

gm¡aD$O}Mm dmnaM Iar Vmnr ~°aoOogdarb ‘mÌm...
n¶m©daU Am{U {ZgJm©À¶m ajUm~m~V {H$˶oH$ eVH$m§nydu {d{dY
g§Vm§Zr OZOmJa Ho$bm Amho. ˶m§Zr Amnë¶m A^§Jm§‘YyZ nmUr, D$Om©, d¥j,
{ZgJ© Am{U EHy$UM g¥ï>rÀ¶m g§ajUm~m~V Zo‘Ho$ {dMma ‘m§S>bo AmhoV.
bm§~bobm nmD$gH$mi Am{U XadfuMm XþîH$mi ‘mZd{Z{‘©V AmhoV. H$maU
g§Vm§Zr ˶mH$mimV {Xboë¶m nmʶmMm dmna ¶wº$sZo H$aʶmÀ¶m åhUOoM
H$miOrH$mQ>çmZ§ H$aʶmÀ¶m Bemè¶mH$S§> AmnU gmoB©ñH$a Xþb©j Ho$b§ Amho.
~i ~wÕr doMy{Z¶m eº$s, CXH$ Mmbdmdo ¶wº$s &
Zmhr MiU V¶m A§Jr, Ymdo bdUm‘mJo doJr &&
n¥Ïdrda nS>Umam nmD$g gmR>dbm nm{hOo, ˶mM§ nmUr ¶wº$sZ§
Mmbdb§ nm{hOo, Ag§ VwH$mo~mam¶ gm§JVmV. CVmamH$S§> dmhʶmMr nmʶmMr
gd¶ AgVo. Vo ܶmZmV KoD$Z nmʶmbm hdr Ver {Xem {Xbr nm{hOo.ho emœV
à‘mU AmVm {dkmZmÀ¶m Am{U V§ÌkmZmÀ¶m ‘mܶ‘mVyZ AmVm MT>mdmÀ¶m
~mOyZo bm§~ bm§~ n¶ªV nmUr ZoD$ OmD$Z XmI{dʶmgmR>r gm¡a CO}da
AmYm[aV ObqgMZ ¶moOZm am~{dë¶mg eoVH$è¶m§Zm ˶m§Mo OrdZ‘mZ
C§Mmdʶmg ghmæ¶^yV R>aob. gm¡a D$O}da AmYm[aV ObqgMZ ¶moOZmMo
CÔoí¶ eoVrbm nwaogm nmʶmMr gmo¶ H$aUo Amho.^maVmVrb eoVr hr
nma§nm[aH$nUo nmdgmda Adb§~yZ Agbobr Amho. ‘mÌ, dmT>˶m Obdm¶y
n[adV©Zm‘wio A{Z¶{‘V nmD$g Am{U ObòmoVm§À¶m H$‘VaVo‘wio eoVH$è¶m§Zm
AZoH$ AmìhmZo gm‘moar Omdr bmJV AmhoV. ¶mMm n[aUm‘ åhUyZ, Cngm qgMZ
¶moOZm (Drip Irrigation) hr eoVrÀ¶m joÌmV EH$ ‘hËdmMr H«$m§Vr åhUyZ
g‘moa Ambr Amho. ¶m nÕVr‘ܶo, nmUr WoQ> dZñnVtÀ¶m ‘wimer W|~mW|~mZo
{Xbo OmVo, Á¶m‘wio nmʶmMr ~MV hmoVo Am{U CËnmXZmVhr dmT> hmoVo. AmVm,
¶m Cngm qgMZ nÕVrbm A{YH$ n¶m©daUnyaH$ Am{U emœV ~ZdʶmgmR>r
gm¡a COm© (Solar Energy) Mm dmna Ho$bm OmV Amho. gm¡a D$O}Mm dmna H$ê$Z
ObqgMZ H$aʶmMo ’$m¶Xo AZoH$ Amho. gm¡a CO}Mo ‘hËd: gm¡a COm© hr
ZdrH$aUr¶, {Za§Va CnbãY AgUmar Am{U n¶m©daUmg AZwHy$b AgUmar
COm© Amho. ^maVmV gy¶©àH$memMr àMwaVm Agë¶mZo gm¡a COm© hm CO}Mm EH$
‘hËdmMm òmoV ~Zy eH$Vmo. gm¡a n°ZoëgMm dmna H$ê$Z COm© {Z{‘©Vr Ho$br OmD$
eH$Vo, Or Z§Va {d{dY CnH$aUm§Zm MmbdʶmgmR>r dmnabr OmVo.
gm¡a CO}da MmbUmè¶m Cngm qgMZ ¶moOZoMr H$m¶©àUmbr: gm¡a
CO}da MmbUmar Cngm qgMZ ¶moOZm ‘w»¶V… gm¡a n°Zoëg, EH$ qgMZ n§n
Am{U Cngm qgMZ àUmbrÀ¶m ZoQ>dH©$nmgyZ ~Zbobr AgVo. gm¡a n°Zoëg
gy¶©àH$memMo CO}V ê$nm§Va H$aVmV, Or Z§Va BbopŠQ´>H$b EZOu‘ܶo
n[ad{V©V hmoVo. hr COm© EH$m BÝìhQ>©aÛmao {dÚwV àdmhmV ~Xbbr OmVo Am{U
Vr qgMZ n§nmbm nwadbr OmVo. hm n§n nmʶmMm àdmh {Z¶§{ÌV H$aVmo Am{U
Cngm qgMZ àUmbrVyZ W|~mW|~mZo nmUr nwadVmo.
¶moOZoMo ’$m¶Xo :
1) D$Om© ~MV : gm¡a CO}Mm dmna H$ê$Z {dÚwV D$O}Mr ~MV hmoVo, Á¶m‘wio
eoVH$è¶m§À¶m drO {~bmV H$nmV hmoVo.
2) nmʶmMr ~MV : Cngm qgMZ nÕVr‘wio nmʶmMr ~MV hmoVo, H$maU nmUr
WoQ> ‘wimer OmVo Am{U dm’o$À¶m ê$nmV Zï> hmoʶmMr à‘mU H$‘r hmoVo.
3)CËnmXZ dmT >: ¶mo½¶ à‘mUmV Am{U ¶mo½¶ doir nmUr {‘imë¶mZo {nH$m§Mr
dmT> Mm§Jbr hmoVo Am{U CËnmXZmV dmT> hmoVo.
4) n¶m©daUmg AZwHy$b : gm¡a COm© hr n¶m©daUmg hmZr nmohmoMdUmar
Zgë¶mZo ¶m nÕVr‘wio n¶m©daU g§ajUmV ‘XV hmoVo.
H«$‘e: ’o$~w«dmar 2024 ‘mJrb nmZmdéZ -
9. amoOJma {Z{‘©Vr : nmQ>MmarV d ~m§YmÀ¶m ~mOyg gVV nmUr Agë¶mZo JdV
CJdV Ago. ˶m JmdmVrb ‘mob‘Owar H$aUmao n§Yam - drg OU JdV H$mnyZ Vo
{dH$V d Amnbm M[aVmW© MmbdV.
10. XþYXÿ^˶mV dmT> : OZmdam§Zm amoO {hadm Mmam {‘imë¶mZo ˶m ˶m
IoS>çmV ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV OZmdam§Zm (W|S>çm, ‘|T>çm, JmB© - åher) ¶m§Zm
{hadm Mmam {‘io. ˶m‘wio ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV XþYmÀ¶m CËnÞmV dmT> Pmbr. VgoM
OZmdam§À¶m {dð>oZo (eoU) eoVmg O¡{dH$ IV {‘imë¶m‘wio O{‘ZrMm nmoV
dmTy>Z CËnmXZ dmT>bo. Aem àH$maMo {d{dY ’$m¶Xo ¶m nÜXVrZo H$‘r IMm©V d
¶mo½¶ {Z¶moOZm‘wio g‘mOmbm {‘imbo. ¶m‘wio ¶m ^mJmVrb Am{W©H$ pñWVr
‘O~yV Pmë¶mMo d {ejUmMo à‘mU dmT>ë¶mMo B§J«O gaH$maÀ¶m AhdmbmV
Z‘yX Ho$bobo {XgVo.
Ywù¶mV dmñVì¶mg Agboë¶m (gZ 1984) ^maV aËZ ga
{dœ¡œaæ¶m ¶m§Mr Zo‘UyH$ àW‘ Ywio {OëømV Pmbr. ˶mdoiog ˶m§Zm ¶m
A{^Zd ObqgMZ nÜXVrVrb ¶mo½¶ d gwgyÌ nmUr dmQ>n nÜXVrZo ‘mohÿZ
Q>mH$bo. nwT>o Vo åh¡gyaMo {XdmU Pmë¶mZ§Va ˶m§Zr ¶m ’$S> nÜXVrMm AmXe©
g‘moa R>odyZ åh¡gya g§ñWmZmV 36 hOma ~§Ymao ~m§Ybo. ho ¶m ’$S> nÜXVrÀ¶m
{Z¶moOZmMo ‘moR>o ¶eM åhQ>bo nm{hOo.
Amnë¶m nyd©Om§Zr emoYbobr, AmngmV ghH$m¶© d¥ÜXtJV H$aUmar, nmʶmMo
‘mM©-2024
CXH$ Mmbdmdo ¶wº$s !
AmìhmZo :
1) àma§{^H$ Jw§VdUyH$ : gm¡a n°Zoëg Am{U Cngm qgMZ àUmbrMr àma§{^H$
Jw§VdUyH$ ‘moR>r AgVo.
2) Vm§{ÌH$ kmZ : gm¡a n°Zoëg Am{U qgMZ àUmbrMo XoI^mb Am{U
XþéñVrgmR>r Vm§{ÌH$ kmZmMr Amdí¶H$Vm AgVo.
3) ‘m¡g‘r à^md : T>Jmi dmVmdaU Am{U nmD$g qH$dm YyirÀ¶m H$maUmZo gm¡a
n°ZoëgMr H$m¶©j‘Vm H$‘r hmoD$ eH$Vo.
{ZîH$f© : gm¡a CO}da MmbUmar Cngm qgMZ ¶moOZm hr eoVrÀ¶m
joÌmVrb EH$ AmemXm¶r nmD$b Amho. ¶m‘wio D$Om© Am{U nmʶmMr ~MV
hmoD$Z eoVH$è¶m§Zm Am{W©H$ ’$m¶Xm hmoVmo. VgoM, ¶m nÕVr‘wio n¶m©daU
g§ajUmVhr ‘XV hmoVo. ¶mo½¶ {Z¶moOZ Am{U gaH$mar ‘XVrZo ¶m ¶moOZoMm
A{YH$m{YH$ dmna Ho$bm OmD$ eH$Vmo.
OJ^amVrb AZoH$ Xoem§‘ܶo gm¡a CO}da MmbUmè¶m Cngm qgMZ
¶moOZm§Mm dmna dmT>V Amho. ¶m ¶moOZm ZdrZ V§ÌkmZmMm Cn¶moJ H$ê$Z
eoVrÀ¶m joÌmV Obg§YmaU Am{U D$Om© g§dY©ZmÀ¶m {XeoZo ‘hËdmMo nmD$b
CMbV AmhoV. AmnU OJmVrb H$mhr ‘moR>çm gm¡a CO}da MmbUmè¶m Cngm
qgMZ àH$ënm§Mr ‘m{hVr nmhÿ:
1) ‘moa¸$moMr Zya AmodamPPmQ> gm¡a àH$ën : ‘moa¸$mo‘ܶo Zya AmodamPPmQ> hm
OJmVrb gdm©V ‘moR>m gm¡a COm© àH$ën Amho. hm àH$ën Z Ho$di {dÚwV
{Z{‘©VrgmR>r Va qgMZmgmR>rhr Cn¶moJmV AmUbm OmV Amho. ¶oWrb gm¡a
n°Zoëg COm© {Z{‘©Vr H$ê$Z Vr qgMZ n§nm§Zm nwadVmV, Á¶m‘wio eoVrgmR>r
Amdí¶H$ nmUr CnbãY hmoVo.
2) H°${b’$mo{Z©¶mMr Bånr[a¶b B[aJoeZ {S>pñQ´>ŠQ> : H°${b’$mo{Z©¶m‘ܶo
Bånr[a¶b B[aJoeZ {S>pñQ´>ŠQ> hm àH$ën gm¡a CO}da MmbUmè¶m Cngm qgMZ
àUmbrMm EH$ CËH¥$ï> CXmhaU Amho. ¶oWo gm¡a n°ZoëgMm dmna H$ê$Z eoVrgmR>r
bmJUmao nmUr n§n Ho$bo OmVo.
3) ^maVmVrb H$‘bmnwar gm¡a Cngm qgMZ àH$ën : ^maVmVrb Vob§JmUm
amÁ¶mV H$‘bmnwar gm¡a Cngm qgMZ àH$ën hm EH$ AmXe© àH$ën Amho. ¶oWo
gm¡a n°ZoëgMm dmna H$ê$Z qgMZmgmR>r Amdí¶H$ D$Om© {Z{‘©Vr Ho$br OmVo.
4) MrZMr bm|J¶m§p½O¶m S°>‘ gm¡a àH$ën : MrZ‘ܶo bm|J¶m§p½O¶m S°>‘ gm¡a
àH$ën hm Ob{dÚwV Am{U gm¡a CO}Mm g§¶wº$ dmna H$aUmam àH$ën Amho. hm
àH$ën Obg§YmaU Am{U Cngm qgMZmgmR>r COm© nwadVmo.
¶m àH$ënm§‘YyZ Amnë¶mbm {eH$ʶmMr Am{U ˶m§À¶m V§ÌkmZmMm Cn¶moJ
H$ê$Z Amnë¶m XoemVrb eoVrÀ¶m nÕVrV gwYmaUm H$aʶmMr g§Yr Amho. ¶m
Am§Vaamï´>r¶ àH$ënm§‘YyZ AmnU D$Om© Am{U nmʶmÀ¶m g§dY©ZmÀ¶m {XeoZo
Amnë¶m XoemVrb eoVr nÕVrV AmYw{ZH$Vm AmUy eH$Vmo.
gm¡a CO}da MmbUmè¶m Cngm qgMZ ¶moOZm§Mr ^maVr¶ n[apñWVr -
^maVmV gm¡a CO}da MmbUmè¶m Cngm qgMZ ¶moOZm§Mm {dMma
Ho$bm OmV Amho Am{U AZoH$ {R>H$mUr ˶mMr A§‘b~OmdUrhr gwê$ Amho.
^maVmÀ¶m {d{dY ^mJmVrb eoVH$ar Am{U gaH$mar g§ñWm ¶m ZdrZ
V§ÌkmZmMm bm^ KoV AmhoV.
AmnU ^maVmVrb H$mhr à‘wI gm¡a CO}da MmbUmè¶m Cngm
qgMZ àH$ënm§Mr ‘m{hVr nmhÿ :
1) Hw$gw‘ ¶moOZm (KUSUMA Scheme) : ^maV gaH$maZo {H$gmZ
D$Om© gwajm Ed§ CËWmZ ‘hmA{^¶mZ (KUSUMA) ¶moOZm gwê$ Ho$br Amho,
¶mo½¶ d ݶmæ¶ dmQ>n H$aUmar hr AmXe©dV ’$S> nÜXV nwZ{O©{dV H$ê$Z Vr
{Q>H${dʶmgmR>r AWm©V Amnbo amï´>{hV OmonmgʶmgmR>r VZ, ‘Z, YZmZo
à¶ËZ H$aʶmMr {ZVm§V Amdí¶H$Vm Amho.
OmJ{VH$ dmagm :
ImZXoemVrb A{^Zd ObqgMZ nÜXVrMm gd©Ñï>rZo Aä¶mg Ho$bm AgVm ¶m
nÜXVrbm OmJ{VH$ dmagm {‘i{dʶmgmR>r à¶ËZ Ho$ë¶mg Z¸$sM ˶mg hm
dmagm àmá hmoB©b, Ago EH$ Aä¶mgH$ åhUyZ ‘mPo ‘V Amho.
hr A{^Zd ObqgMZ nÜXV OmJ{VH$ ñVamda A{Ve¶ Aä¶mgnyU© nÜXVrZo
‘m§S>ʶmMo H$m‘ OmJ{VH$ ObVÁk ‘m. S>m°. ‘mYdamd {MVio d ˶m§À¶m
ghH$m¶mªZr Ho$bo Amho.
¶m nÜXVrMm Am§Vaamï´>r¶, amï´>r¶ d ñWm{ZH$ nmVirda Aä¶mg gwê$ Pmbm
Amho. gZ 1984 ‘ܶo A‘o[aHo$Vrb ’$moQ>© H$m°{bÝg ¶oWo qgMZ d nmʶmMm
{ZMam ¶m g§~§Yr ~mamì¶m Am§Vamï´>r¶ n[afXoV ^maVmVrb VÁkm§Zr Amnbm
à~§Y gmXa Ho$bm. VgoM gZ 1991 bm Ob Am¶moJ d nmQ>~§Ymao ImVo ‘hmamï´>
amÁ¶ ¶m§À¶m {dÚ‘mZo Ob d ^y‘r ì¶dñWmnZ g§ñWm (dmë‘r) Am¡a§Jm~mX
¶m§À¶m ‘m’©$V Ywio, qnniZoa, gmH«$s ¶oWo ’$S> qgMZ nÜXVrda H$m¶©emim
Am¶mo{OV H$aʶmV Ambr hmoVr. VgoM {d{dY àMma ‘mܶ‘mVyZ VÁkm§Zr
d¡Mm[aH$ ‘§WZ gwê$ Ho$bo. ¶mgmR>r à˶j H¥$Vr H$aʶmMr Amdí¶H$Vm Amho.
’$º$ B{VhmgmMo JmoS>do JmdyZ MmbUma Zmhr. ZdrZ V§ÌkmZmMr OmoS> XodyZ ¶m
Á¶mÀ¶m A§VJ©V eoVH$è¶m§Zm gm¡a n§n Am{U BVa gm¡a COm© AmYm[aV CnH$aUo
CnbãY H$ê$Z {Xbr OmV AmhoV. hr ¶moOZm eoVH$è¶m§Zm Amnë¶m eoVrgmR>r
ñdV§Ì D$Om© òmoV CnbãY H$ê$Z XoʶmÀ¶m {XeoZo EH$ ‘hËdmMr nmD$b Amho.
2) JwOamV gm¡a qgMZ ¶moOZm : JwOamV gaH$maZo gm¡a CO}da MmbUmè¶m
qgMZ n§nm§gmR>r EH$ {deof ¶moOZm gwê$ Ho$br Amho. ¶m ¶moOZoA§VJ©V,
eoVH$è¶m§Zm gm¡a n§n ñWm{nV H$aʶmgmR>r AZwXmZ {Xbo OmVo.
3) Vob§JmUm gm¡a COm© AmYm[aV Cngm qgMZ àH$ën : Vob§JmUm gaH$maZo
amÁ¶mVrb eoVH$è¶m§gmR>r gm¡a COm© AmYm[aV Cngm qgMZ àH$ën gwê$ Ho$bo
AmhoV. ¶m àH$ënm§‘ܶo gm¡a n§n Am{U gm¡a n°ZoëgMm dmna H$ê$Z eoVrgmR>r
nmUr nwadbo OmVo.
4) Am§Y« àXoe gm¡a COm© AmYm[aV {bâQ> qgMZ : Am§Y« àXoe gaH$maZo
{deofV: {bâQ> qgMZ àH$ënm§gmR>r gm¡a COm© AmYm[aV àUmbrMm {dMma Ho$bm
Amho . ¶m àH$ënm§ ‘ ܶo Obme¶mVy Z nmUr C§ M mdarb eo V rn¶ª V
nmohmoMdʶmgmR>r gm¡a n§nm§Mm dmna Ho$bm OmVmo.
¶m àH$ënm§‘wio ^maVmVrb eoVH$è¶m§Zm D$Om© ñdmdb§~Z, nmʶmMr
~MV Am{U CËnmXZmV dmT> ¶mgma»¶m AZoH$ ’$m¶Xo hmoV AmhoV. VgoM, ¶m
àH$ënm§‘wio ^maVmVrb eoVrÀ¶m nÕVrV AmYw{ZH$Vm Am{U emœVVm ¶oV Amho.
^maVmVrb ‘moR>çm {bâQ> qgMZ àH$ënm§gmR>r Am{W©H$ ì¶dhm¶©Vm {bâQ>
qgMZ àH$ën ho ObòmoVm§nmgyZ Xÿa Agboë¶m eoVrÀ¶m O{‘Zrn¶ªV nmUr
nmohmoMdʶmMo EH$ à^mdr ‘mܶ‘ Amho. ‘mÌ, ¶m àH$ënm§Mr Am{W©H$ ì¶dhm¶©Vm
hr AZoH$ KQ>H$m§da Adb§~yZ AgVo. Imbrb ‘wX²Úm§da AmYm[aV Am{W©H$
ì¶dhm¶©VoMm {dMma Ho$bm OmVmo :
àma§{^H$ Jw§VdUyH$ : {bâQ> qgMZ àH$ënm§gmR>r Amdí¶H$ AgUmar àma§{^H$
Jw§VdUyH$ ‘moR>r AgVo. ¶m‘ܶo n§qnJ ñQ>oeÝg, nmBnbmBÝg, {dÚwV
B§’«$mñQ´>ŠMa Am{U gm¡a n°ZoëgMm g‘mdoe AgVmo. ¶m Jw§VdUwH$sMo ¶mo½¶
{Z¶moOZ Am{U {dÎmr¶ ‘m°S>oqbJ H$aUo Amdí¶H$ AgVo.
Am°naoeZb IM© : {bâQ> qgMZ àH$ënm§À¶m Am°naoeZb IMm©‘ܶo {dÚwV
IM©, XoI^mb Am{U ‘aå‘V, H$‘©Mmar IM© Am{U BVa Mmby IMmªMm g‘mdoe
AgVmo. gm¡a CO}Mm dmna H$ê$Z ho IM© H$‘r Ho$bo OmD$ eH$VmV.
CËnmXZ dmT>: {bâQ> qgMZ àH$ënm§‘wio eoVrÀ¶m CËnmXZmV dmT> hmoVo,
Á¶m‘wio eoVH$è¶m§Mo Am{W©H$ pñWVr gwYmaVo. ¶mMm WoQ> n[aUm‘ åhUyZ
eoVH$è¶m§Mr Am{W©H$ ì¶dhm¶©Vm gwYmaVo.
g~{gS>r Am{U AZwXmZ : ^maV gaH$ma Am{U amÁ¶ gaH$mao AZoH$Xm {bâQ>
qgMZ àH$ënm§gmR>r g~{gS>r Am{U AZwXmZ àXmZ H$aVmV. ho AZwXmZ
Jw§VdUyH$ Am{U Am°naoeZb IM© H$‘r H$aʶmg ‘XV H$aVo.
Obdm¶y n[adV©Z Am{U emœVVm: Obdm¶y n[adV©ZmÀ¶m n[apñWVrV, gm¡a
CO}da MmbUmao {bâQ> qgMZ àH$ën ho Obg§YmaU Am{U emœV {dH$mgmÀ¶m
{XeoZo ‘hËdmMo R>aVmV. ¶m‘wio XrK©H$mbrZ Am{W©H$ ì¶dhm¶©Vm gwYmaVo.
V§ÌkmZmVrb àJVr: V§ÌkmZmVrb àJVr‘wio gm¡a n°Zoëg Am{U n§qnJ {gñQ>åg
A{YH$ H$m¶©j‘ Am{U H$‘r IMm©Vrb ~Zbo AmhoV, Á¶m‘wio {bâQ> qgMZ
àH$ënm§Mr Am{W©H$ ì¶dhm¶©Vm gwYmaVo.
boIH$ : lr a§Jamd ^mB©Xmg nmQ>rb aZmB©MoH$a
(M.Tech d[að> A{^¶§Vm ~hþamï´>r¶ H§$nZrV H$m¶©aV)
h ‘w {X„r aZmBMo VmbwH$m A‘iZoa {Oëhm OiJmd
àmMrZ H$mimnmgyZ Amnë¶m XÿaXeu dmagm§Zr d àemgH$m§Zr hr AmXe© qgMZ
nÜXVr am~{dbr. ¶m AmXe© dmaí¶mMo g§dY©Z hmodyZ Vr H$m¶m©pÝdV H$aʶmMo
à¶ËZ gdm§©Zr H$amdoV.
¶m A{^Zd qgMZ ’$S> nÜXVrbm OmJ{VH$ dmagm {‘idʶmgmR>r gd©
ImZXoe dm{g¶m§§Zr à¶ËZ H$aUo Oê$arMo Amho. AemM àH$maÀ¶m
Obg§YmaUmÀ¶m nÜXVrbm MrZ d BamU ¶m Xoem§Zr OmJ{VH$ dmagm åhUyZ
‘mݶVm {‘i{dbr. hm AmXe© AmnU g‘moa R>odyZ Á¶m nÜXVrZo OJmbm
qgMZmÀ¶m {Z¶moOZmMm AmXe© KmbyZ {Xbm d OJmbm nmʶmMo Am¶moOZ,
{Z¶moOZ, g§¶moOZ {eH${dbo ˶m ’$S> nÜXVrbm OmJ{VH$ dmagm
{‘i{dʶmgmR>r Á¶m à‘wI VaVwXr VgoM ˶mg bmJUmao gd© Eo{Vhm{gH$
àemgH$s¶ g§X^© CnbãY H$ê$Z AmnUm gdm§©Mr XþX©å¶ BÀN>meº$s gaH$ma,
bmoH$à{V{ZYr, àemgZ, ¶§ÌUm d gd©gm‘mݶm§À¶m à{VgmXm{edm¶ Vo gmܶ
hmoUma Zmhr. Vo gmܶ H$aʶmgmR>r à˶oH$mZo ImarMm dmQ>m CMbbm Va Vo
eŠ¶ hmoB©b, Aer Amem ‘r ~miJVmo. A{hamZr {XZX{e©H$m àH$m{eV {Z{‘ÎmmZo
hr g§H$ënZm gd© ImZXoe dm{g¶m§Zr nyU© H$aʶmgmR>r à¶ËZ H$amdoV.
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¶m‘ܶo 1500 MCFT nmUr gmR>m j‘Vm Amho Va 1280 Cn¶wº$ ObgmR>m
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{nʶmgmR>r d {OëømgmR>r daXmZ R>abobm 'A¸$bnmS>m' 22000 MCFT
j‘VoMm hm àH$ën Amho. ˶m‘wio {OëømMo amoOJma qgMZ, eoVr ,CÚmoJ ¶mM
ZXrda Adb§~yZ AmhoV.
˶m‘wio ¶m ZXrbm A{VH«$‘U {di»¶mVyZ ‘moH$im œmg H$aʶmgmR>r
emgZñVamda Ëd[aV H$m¶©dmhr ìhmdr ¶m H$m‘r nm§Pam H$mR> ~Mmd g{‘Vr
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Vrd« XþîH$mimÀ¶m ñdê$n Amho ˶mMo à‘wI H$maU H$‘r nS>bobm nmD$g. ho
àW‘Xeu AmnUmg OmUdVo ¶m XþîH$mimMr d H$‘r nmdgmMr AZoH$ H$maUo
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CÎma ‘hmamï´> ImÝXoe {dH$mg ‘§S>i
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Imbrb CnH«$‘ Am¶mo{OV Ho$bo OmVmV.
1) ½bmo~b ImÝXoe ‘hmoËgd : -
ImÝXoemVrb YZYmݶ {nH${dUmao eoVH$ar ¶m§À¶m CËnmXZmg
¶mo½¶ ^md {‘imdm, ˶m§Mr Am{W©H$ n[añWrVr gwYmamdr åhUyZ ""WoQ> J«mhH$
‘§M"" Ûmao eoVH$ar Vo J«mhH$ Aer WoQ> {dH«$s ¶moOZm gwé Ho$br Amho. ¶m
¶moOZobm Mm§Jbm à{VgmX {‘imbm Amho.
ImÝXoemV 55 àH$maMo J¥CÚmoJÛmao nmnS>, Hw$aS>m¶m, ‘m§S>o,
nwaUnmoir, ^arV, eodm¶m, nmVmoS>çm, ^mH$ar 30 àH$maMo nXmW© V¶ma Ho$bo
OmVmV. ˶m§À¶mgmR>r gwÕm ½bmo~b ‘hmoËgdmÀ¶m ‘mܶ‘mVyZ ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV
{dH«$s H$aʶmV ¶oV AgVo. ImÝXoemVrb IoS>çmVyZ, ehamVyZ AZoH$ ‘{hbm,
nwéf ˶m§Mo nXmW©, dñVy AmUVmV. ñQ>m°bÛmao ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV {dH«$s H$aVmV.
¶m ‘hmoËgdmVyZ A{hamUr g§ñH¥$Vr, na§namVrb JmUr, ^méS>, Z¥Ë¶ B. Mo
gm§ñH¥$VrH$ ‘M§Ûmao gmXarH$aU H$aʶmV ¶oV AgVo. ImÝXoeMr Apñ‘Vm,
gm§ñH¥$VrMo OVZ H$éZ g§dY©Z H$aʶmV ¶oV AgVo. ½bmo~b ‘hmoËgd gmV
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¶m ‘hmoËgdmV 2 bmImnojm OmñV ZmJarH$ ¶oVmV. ¶m ‘hmoËgdmÀ¶m
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~m§YdmgmR>r àoaUmXm¶r AgVmo. VgoM ¶m ‘hmoËgdmÀ¶m doir ImÝXoemVrb
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H$arV Amho.d emgZ ñVamda XoIrb ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV nm§Pam ZXr
dmMdʶmgmR>r {OJ«rMm bT>m EH$mH$snUo bT>V Amho.
nmdgmim hm gJù¶m ObòmoVmMo nwZOudZ H$ê$Z KoʶmMm AmXe©
H$mbI§S> Amho. ZÚm§Mm nmʶmMr àV (ewÕVm)hr nmdgmù¶mV gwYmaVo d ¶mM
H$mimV nmdgmÀ¶m nmʶmMo g§ajU d g§dY©Z {dMma ‘mUgmÀ¶m ‘ZmV ìhm¶bm
hdm. dmñV{dH$ ZXr-Zmë¶m§Mo nwZ{Z©‘m©U ¶mH$S>o AmnU bj XoV Zmhr.
˶mgmR>r ZXr ‘mJm©Vrb AS>Wio Xÿa H$aUo (A{VH«$‘U) JaOoMo Amho.Ago
emgZmbm d g‘mOmbm ˶mMr JaO dmQ>V Zmhr. ¶m CbQ> ZXr‘ܶo Jmi H$Mam
n¸$s ~m§YH$m‘o dmT>VM Amho. ¶m {ZîH$miOrnUm‘wio d AZmñWm‘wio ZXr
Zmë¶m§Mr nwZ{Z©{‘©VrMm A^md Amho.
ZXrnmÌmV ¶oUmam Jmi ˶mMo ~XbVo à‘mU ZÚm§Mm ~XbVm doi
nmUr gmR>dʶmMo {R>H$mU nyaàUd OmJm {H$Zmè¶mdaMr T>mgiUmar ,OmJm
ZXrVrb dZñnVr ˶m§Mr dmT>, ¶m~m~V H$moUVrhr H$miOr KoUmar ¶§ÌUm KoV
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H$miOr KoVbr Zmhr Va ^{dî¶mV OrdZXm{¶Zr ZÚm ‘¥Vàm¶ ìhm¶bm doi
bmJUma Zmhr.
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EH$ ~§{XñV Ago Imoao AgVo. ¶m Imoè¶mV ‘w»¶ ZXr d {VÀ¶m AZoH$ CnZÚm
¶m§Mo Omio AgVo Z¡g{J©H$ ObmoËgaUmMm n[aUm‘ H$maH$ R>aV AgVmo. ZÚm,
CnZÚm ¶m§À¶m ¶m Omù¶mVrb à˶oH$ CnZXr hr ˶m Imoè¶mVyZ hmoUmè¶m
ObËgmaUmVrb Adí¶ Aer e¥§Ibm Ago Zmbo-AmoT>o Aem Imoè¶mVrb ho
àdmh AmoiIbo OmVmV Var à˶oH$mMo {d{eï> ñWmZ AgVo. ˶m‘wio
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Ob{d^mOH$ ˶m‘wio XmoZ ZÚm Imoë¶m§H$S>o OmUmè¶m nmʶmMo {d^mOZ hmoV
AgVo. emgZmH$S>o ¶m ObómoV {df¶r {dœmghm¶© ‘m{hVr CnbãY Zmhr.
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‘hm‘§S>imZo Pmboë¶m gd}Mo Ëd[aV A§‘b~OmdUr H$amdr Ago AmdmhZ
emgZmbm Amåhr H$arV AmhmoV. d emgZmbm XoUo Amdí¶H$ Amho. H$maU
nm§Pam ZXr CJ‘ nmgyZ Vo g§J‘mn¶ªV AIoaMm œmg KoV Amho. ¶mgmR>r ¶m
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hmoUo JaOoMo Amho.
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{Xbo nm{hOo ‘hmamï´> hm gdm©{YH$ YaUo AgUmao amÁ¶ AmoiIbo OmVo. Amnë¶m
amÁ¶mV qgMZmMo Ho$di 18% nojm H$‘r AgyZ nwT>rb ^mJmV XþîH$mimÀ¶m
Vrd« nmUr Q>§MmB©Mo MQ>Ho$ ^mgV Amho. AmO AmnU 21 ì¶m eVH$mH$S>o d
{dœJwê$ H$S>o dmQ>Mmb H$arV AgVmZm nmUrdmna nma§nm[aH$ Oyݶm eVH$mVM
dmdaV AmhmoV. ˶mM ‘wio XþîH$mim CJ« ñdê$n YmaU H$arV Amho. ¶mgmR>r
g‘mOmMr d emgZ OmJ¥V hmoUo Amdí¶H$ Amho. nmʶmMm emoY H$moUr H$Yr
agrH$m§À¶m ew^oÀN>m ho Amåhmbm A{YH$ H$m‘ H$aʶmMo ~iXoV AgVo.
{dœ A{hamUr g§‘obZ :-
‘hmamï´>m‘ܶo XmoZ H$moQ>r nojm OmñV A{hamUr ~mobUmao AmhoV.
CÎma ‘hmamï´>mVrb gd© {OëømV A{hamUr ^m{fH$ AmhoV. VgoM AZoH$
A{hamUr ~m§Yd naXoemV dmñVì¶ H$aV AmhoV. AZoH$ ~m§Yd d ‘{hbm Zm‘d§V
H$bmH$ma AmhoV. boIH$, H$dr, ZmQ>ç, Z¥Ë¶ ‘ܶo à{gÕ AmhoV. A{hamUr
‘m¶Mr godm Amnë¶m H$arZo H$aV AmhoV. ¶m gd© H$bmH$ma, H$bmd§V ¶m§Zm
h¸$mMo ì¶mgnrR> {‘imdo d ˶m§À¶m H$bm§Mo gmXarH$aU ìhmdo åhUyZ Am‘À¶m
‘§S>im‘m’©$V {dœ A{hamUr g§‘obZ Mma dfm©nmgyZ Am¶mo{OV H$aʶmV ¶oV
Amho.
VrZ {Xdgm§Mo {dœA{hamUr g§‘obZ Am¶mo{OV H$aʶmV ¶oV
AgVo. Xoe {dXoemVrb ImÝXoer ~m§Yd d ^JrZr ¶m‘ܶo Cñ’y$V©nUo gh^mJ
KoVmV. AmVmn¶ªV ¶m g§‘obZmV 5 I§S> d 25 Xoemn¶ªVÀ¶m ImÝXoer ~m§Ydm§Zr
gh^mJ KoVbm Amho. Imbrb à‘mUo H$m¶©H«$‘ Am¶mo{OV H$aʶmV ¶oVmV.
1) J«§WqXS>r :- n{hë¶mM {Xder J«§WqXS>r H$mT>ʶmV ¶oVo. ¶§m qXS>rVyZ
nm¶m©daU g§dY©Z, ^«ñQ>mMma {Z‘w©bZ, qhXÿ na§nam§Mo OVZ, ImÝXoer g§ñH¥$VrMo
àXe©Z H$aʶmV ¶oVo. Q>mi, drUm, nIdmO ¶m§À¶m gw‘Yya Vmbmda ^OZ,
nmodmS>o, JmUr JmD$Z dmVmdaU {Z{‘©Vr Ho$br OmVo.
2) d¡{œH$ à{V^mg§J‘ :- ImÝXoe hr ‘hmZ F$fr, g§V, gmYy§Mr ^y‘r Amho.
˶m§À¶m kmZmMm, VnmMm bm^ gd© ^maVr¶m§Zm hmoV Amho. ˶m§À¶m H$m¶m©Mr
‘m{hVr g{MÌnUo gmXarH$aU H$aʶmV ¶oVo.
3) n[ag§dmX :- ImÝXoemVrb eoVr, H¥$fr, CÚmoJ, na§nam, g§ñH¥$Vr ¶m
{df¶mda n[ag§dmX Am¶mo{OV H$aʶmV ¶oVmo. Aä¶mgy, OmUH$ma, VÁk ‘§S>ir
¶m‘ܶo gh^mJ KoVmV. ˶m§Mo AZ‘mob {dMma ho ’$maM Cn¶wº$ AgVmV.
g‘mOn[adV©ZmgmR>r àoarV H$aVmV.
{H$Vr OwZm AmQ>o hr gkm p¼ñVnwd© 500 ‘ܶo {hßnm°H«o$Q²gZo nmʶmMr Z¡g{J©H$
à{H«$¶oMm emoY bmdbm.
¶mdfu nmʶmZo AmoT> {Xë¶mZo YaUo Obme¶ {d{har AmQ>br AmhoV
Am{U nmʶmMr Q>±H$aMr dmQ> nmhʶmMr doi Amnë¶mda Ambr. Amnë¶mbm
bmJUmè¶m nmʶmMo ómoV åhUOo nmdgmMo nmUr VmoM nmD$g gd©gmYmaUnUo
H$‘r Pmë¶m‘wio nmʶmMr nmVir Imbmdbr AgyZ EH$ ‘moR>o H$maU åhUOo
nmʶmMo {df‘VoMo dmQ>n. Am{U Q>§MmB©Mr H$maUo XoIrb VerM Amho.
bmoH$g§»¶m nydunojm Mm¡nQ>rZo dmT>br ˶m‘wio nmʶmMr XaS>moB© CnbãYVm H$‘r
Pmbr d Xþgao H$maU åhUOo {nʶmMo d eoVrgmR>r ˶mMo emgZñVamda gw¶mo½¶
{Z¶moOZ Zmhr eoVrgmR>r d àm‘w»¶mZo D$g bmJdS>rgmR>r ^yJ^m©Vrb nmʶmMm
A‘¶m©X Cngm CnbãY EHy$U nmʶmÀ¶m gmR>çmVrb 89 Q>¸o$ nmUr eoVrgmR>r
dmnabo OmVo 6 % nmUr CÚmoJmgmR>r Cd©[aV nmUr 5% nmUr KaJwVr
dmnamgmR>r dmnabo OmVo hr ‘moR>r V’$mdV bjmV KoVm nmʶmMo {Z¶moOZ
Jm§^r¶m©Zo Ho$bo nm{hOo. d eoVrgmR>r, CÚmoJmgmR>r nmʶmÀ¶m {Z¶moOZm~m~V
emgZmZo nwÝhm emgZñVamda nrH$ aMZm ’$i^mÁ¶m D$g ‘H$m H$S>Ymݶ
¶mgma»¶m {d{dY nÕVrÀ¶m H$‘r nmʶmda OmñV CËnmXZ XoUmè¶m {nH$m§Mr
bmJdS> H$aʶmgmR>r àd¥Îm Ho$bo nm{hOo.
˶m{edm¶ bmoH$m§Mo OrdZ gwI g‘¥Õr hmoD$ eH$V Zmhr. nmUr ho OrdZ
Amho n¥Ïdrdarb à˶oH$ àm{U‘mÌmbm JaOoZwgma nmUr bmJVo. n¥Ïdr hm
Ordg¥ï>r Agbobm EH$‘od J«h Amho d ˶mda gOrd àmUr g¥ï>r OJV AgVo.
nm§Pam H$mR> ~Mmd g{‘VrMr do~gmB©Q>
https://panzarabachav.in/
boIH$ : ‘moVrbmb nmoVXma
‘mo. 9405814662)
Aܶj nm§Pam H$mR> ~Mmd g{‘Vr,
^mOnm Ywio {Oëhm à{gÕ à‘wI.
^mOnm Ywio {Oëhm {MQ>{Ug.
4) ‘wbmIV :- ImÝXoehr AZoH$ Zm‘d§V aËZmMr ImU Amho. {d{dY joÌmV
AVwë¶m H$m‘Jrar H$aV AmhoV. Amnbm R>gm C‘Q>dV AmhoV. ˶m§À¶m H$m‘m‘wio
amÁ¶ d Xoe {dH$mgmgmR>r ¶moJXmZ Amho. Aem ‘mݶdam§Mr ‘wbmIV KoʶmV
¶oVo. ˶m§Mm AZw^ d ‘m¡{bH$ {dMma ho gdmªZm àoaUmómoV AgVmV. ˶m§À¶m
‘wbmIVr‘YyZ ˶m§À¶m H$m¶m©Mm Jm¡ad gd©Ì hmoV AgVmo. gdmªZm n[aM¶ hmoVmo,
AmoiI hmoVo. JaOd§Vm§Zm ‘mJ©Xe©Z {‘iV AgVo.
5) H$WmH$WZ :- hr EH$ H$bm Amho. agmi dmUrZo AMyH$ eãX’o$H$sZo
agrH$m§Zm ^yai nmS>VmV. {dam§À¶m, eoVH$è¶m§À¶m g¡{ZH$m§À¶m, ‘{hbm§À¶m,
‘wbm§À¶m H$Wm ‘YyZ {dMmam§Mo n¡by nS>VmV. ¶m H$Wm ‘YyZ g§doVZerbVm,
amï´>^º$s, ImÝXoer ào‘, {dalr Am{U namonH$ma JwUm§Mr OnUyH$ hmoV AgVo.
CËH¥$ï> H$Wm EoH$ʶmgmR>r gd©OU A{Ya AgVmV. ¶m‘YyZ ‘Zmoa§OZ hmoVo.
AmZ§X {‘iVmo.
6) H${dVm H$Å>m :- ImÝXoe ‘ܶo AZoH$ ~m§Yd d ^{JZr ñd¶§^y H$dr AmhoV.
AZoH$m§Mm H${dVm g§J«h à{gÕ H$aʶmV Ambm Amho. Aem gwà{gÕ H$dtgmR>r
hm CàH$‘ gwé H$aʶmV Ambm Amho. {d{dY {df¶mdarb H${dVm EoH$Uo hr
nd©Ur AgVo. N>mZ N>mZ H${dVm EoH$ʶmMm AmZ§X gd© KoV AgVmV.
7) Z¥Ë¶ :- Z¥Ë¶ hr EH$ H$bm Amho. R>o³¶mda Z¥Ë¶ H$aUo hm doJim AmZ§X
XoUmam AgVmo. Vmb, R>oH$m d g§JrVmda Z¥Ë¶mMo gmXarH$aU H$aʶmV ¶oVo.
{MÌnQ>, ZmQ>H$ ‘ܶo AZoH$ ImÝXoer H$bmH$ma H$m‘ H$aV AmhoV. ˶m§Zm ¶m
‘mܶ‘mVyZ Z¥Ë¶ H$aʶmMr g§Yr {‘iVo.
8) ZmQ>ç :- "V§Jm ‘§JmZm X§Jm' gmaIo AZoH$ ZmQ>Ho$ ImÝXoer ~m§Ydm§H$Sy>Z
gmXa H$aʶmV ¶oV AmhoV. VrZ ^mJmMo ZmQ>H$, g§dmX {bhÿZ ˶mà‘mUo ZmQ>H$
~g{dʶmgmR>r gamd H$amdm bmJVmo. Aem H$bm {X½Xe©H$, boIH$ d
H$bmào‘r§gmR>r hm CàH$‘ Amho.
Cd©arV ^mJ ‘o ‘{hݶmV H«$‘e:
 A{haamï´> H$mÝhXoe Zm {VZ A{ha gwnwÌ
1) N>ÌnVr {edmOr ‘hmamO 2) ^JdmZ lrH¥$îU 3) ‘hmamOm g¶mOramd Jm¶H$dmS>

A§Ymar ~mag MmÞr n§M‘r

a{ddma MmÞr EH$mXg A§Ymar VrO

춧H$Q>amd aUYra
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gmo‘dma g§nmXH$ A§Ymar Voag MmÞr gï>r MmÞr ~mag A§Ymar Mm¡W
VH©$VrW© bú‘U emór Omoer nwʶVrV

lr. ~mnygmho~ hQ>H$a lr. E.Or. nmQ>rb

‘§Jidma àH$meH$ A§Ymar MmD$Xg MmÞr gá‘r MmÞr Voag A§Ymar n§M‘r

Xem‘mVm d«V
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Mm¡Yar
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lr. {dH$mg nmQ>rb àmMm¶© àem§V nmQ>rb

~wYdma A§Ymar Amï>‘r M¡V Amdg MmÞr Amï>‘r MmÞr MmD$Xg A§Ymar gï>r

brbmVmB© nmQ>rb
nwʶVrV

Jwédma A§Ymar Zd‘r d¡emJ MmÞr Amï>‘r A§Ymar gá‘r

MmÞr
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g§H$a nmdZm ¶og

gImam‘ ‘hmamO OÌm A呶Zoa

ewH«$dma A§Ymar Xg‘r MmÞr Zd‘r A§Ymar nmS>m A§Ymar Amï>‘r
Xe‘mVm daV MmÞr VrO {Pné AÊUm nwʶVrV

AmImOr,
XmoZ JmdZm
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PJS>mb| OmVrg
ImÝXoer Zd§ gmb
MmÞr Xg‘r
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A§Ymar EH$mXg Jm¡amB© Wmoabo emhÿ

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A{hamUr {XZX{e©H$m d A{hamUr ^mfoÀ¶m gd© H$m¶©H«$‘m§Zm hm{X©H$ ew^oÀN>m!

‘m.A°S>. ^¡æ¶mgmho~ g§Xrn gwaoe nmQ>rb (B.Com. LL.M)
Aܶj, ‘hmË‘m Jm§Yr {ejU ‘§S>i, MmonS>m {O. OiJmd,
‘mOr A{Yg^m gXñ¶, H$d{¶Ìr ~{hUm~mB© Mm¡Yar CÎma ‘hmamï´> {dÚmnrR>, OiJmd,
H¡$.‘m. XmXmgmho~ H¡$.‘m.Am³H$mgmho~ ‘mOr ZJamܶj, MmonS>m ZJan[afX, MmonS>m {O OiJmd
S>m°. gwaoe Or. nmQ>rb gm¡.eaXM§{ÐH$m gwaoe nmQ>rb ‘mOr Aܶj OiJmd {Oëhm ZJamܶj ’$moa‘ d Cnmܶj, ZJan[afX ‘hmg§K ‘hmamï´> amÁ¶
‘mOr Aܶj, amï´>r¶ H$m±J«og OiJmd {Oëhm

{ejU ‘hfu H¡$.‘m.XmXmgmo S>m°.gwaoe Or.nmQ>rb d gmVnwS>çmVrb g§OrdZr
H¡$.Zm.gm¡. A¸$mgmo eaXM§{ÐH$m gwaoe nmQ>rb ¶m§Mo OrdZ H$m¶©
H¡$.‘m. XmXmgmho~ H¡$.‘m.A¸$gmho~
S>m°. gwaoe Or. nmQ>rb gm¡.eaXM§{ÐH$m gwaoe nmQ>rb
''{Xì¶ËdmMr OoWo à{MVr & VoWo H$a ‘mPo OwiVr &&''
ImÝXoe ¶m ‘hmamï´>mVrb àmXo{eH$ {d^mJmMo Ogo ^m¡Jmo{bH$ ‘hËd
Amho Vgo ˶mMo Eo{Vhm{gH$, gm§ñH¥${VH$ d amOH$s¶ XoIrb ‘hËd Amho. ¶m
nmdZ ^y‘rbm Oer g§V, g§emoYH$ d gm{hp˶H$ ¶m§Mr Wmoa na§nam Amho Ver
gm‘{OH$, amOH$s¶ d ghH$ma Am{X joÌmV gdm}Îm‘ H$m¶© H$aUmè¶m§Mm B{Vhmg
XoIrb Amho.
ImÝXoemVrb AZoH$ Zo˶m§Zr H$m¶©H$V¥©ËdmÀ¶m ~imda ‘hmamï´>mÀ¶m
amOH$maUmV Amnbm AdrQ> R>gm C‘Q>{dbm Amho. ¶mM na§naoVrb g‘{n©V
^mdZoVyZ C^o Am¶wî¶ gËH$maUr bmdUmao MmonS>m ¶oWrb H$m±J«og njmMo Ooð> ZoVo
H¡$. ‘m. S>m°.gwaoe Or. nmQ>rb d H¡$. Zm. ‘m. gm¡. A¸$mgmo eaXM§{ÐH$m gwaoe
nmQ>rb ¶m§Mm A{^‘mZmZo C„oI H$aVm ¶oB©b.
XmXmgmho~m§Mm OÝ‘ 18 Zmoìh|~a 1925 amoOr AmOmoir hmoi, Vm.qeXIoS>m
¶oWo A§‘iJmd Vm.A‘iZoa ¶oWrb eoVH$ar Hw$Qw>§~mV H¡$.lr.J§^ra d
H¡$.gm¡.Z‘©Xm nmQ>rb ¶m§À¶m nmoQ>r Pmbm. XmXmgmho~m§Mo àmW{‘H$ d ‘mܶ{‘H$
{ejU MmonS>m VmbwŠ¶mVrb hmVoS> ¶oWo Pmbo AgyZ d¡ÚH$s¶ {ejU ~S>moXm,
JwOamV ¶oWo Pmbo Amho. d¡ÚH$s¶ {ejU nyU© Pmë¶mZ§Va ˶m§À¶m OdiÀ¶m
bmoH$m§Zr ˶m§Zm Ywio ¶m ehamV d¡ÚH$s¶ ì¶dgm¶ gwê$ H$aʶmMm {Xbobm g„m
ZmH$maV XmXm§Zr MmonS>çmV 1955 gmbr CXmÎm hoVyZo óramoJ Vk åhUyZ
MmonS>çmgma»¶m A{dH${gV ^mJmV d¡ÚH$s¶ godm gwê$ Ho$br. ˶m H$mimVrb Vo
n[agamV n{hboM E‘.~r.~r.Eg. S>m°ŠQ>a hmoVo. ˶m H$mir AmOÀ¶m gma»¶m
‘o{S>H$b joÌmVrb {d{dY emIm Zìh˶m. XmXm§Zm gd© àH$maÀ¶m AmOmam§da
{ZXmZ d CnMma H$amdm bmJV hmoVm.
50 dfm©À¶m d¡ÚH$s¶ godm H$mimV H$Yr ~¡bJmS>r Va, H$Yr gm¶H$b-
‘moQ>agm¶H$bZo àdmg H$ê$Z Jmd-IoS>çmV OmD$Z ˶m§Zr é½Um§da CnMma
Ho$bo. na§Vw ,ho H$aV AgVm§Zm ˶m§Zr d¡ÚH$s¶ godobm H$Yrhr ì¶mdgm{¶H$
ñdê$n ¶oD$ {Xbo Zmhr. MmonS>çm ehamV AZoH$ OmVr Y‘m©À¶m bmoH$m§‘ܶo amhÿZ
Y‘©{Zanoj hoVyZo gd© MmonS>m d VmbwŠ¶mVrb bmoH$m§Mr godm Ho$br d
g‘mOgodoMm Zdm AmXe© {Z‘mU© Ho$bm. ñd.‘m. XmXmgmho~ hr 춺$s ZgyZ
àoaUm eº$s hmoVr. gVV hgV‘wI Moham ,‘Ywa ñd^md , ‘mUg OmoS>ʶmMr
H$bm, ‘mUwgH$sZo AmoW§~bobo EH$ ì¶{º$‘Ëd hmoVo. ˶m§Mo pñ‘Vhmñ¶ hoM AZoH$
é½Um§Zm ~ao H$arV Ago. AmOhr d¶mMr nÞmer-gmR>r CbQ>bobo noe§Q> ˶m§À¶m
CnMmamÀ¶m gwIX AmR>dUr gm§JVmV.
ñd.‘m.XmXmgmho~ S>m°. gwaoe Or. nmQ>rb d H¡$. ‘m.Zm.gm¡.A¸$mgmho~
eaXM§{ÐH$m gwaoe nmQ>rb ¶m§Mm ‘moR>m n[adma AgyZ ˶m§À¶m nümV ‘m.gm¡.
e¡bOmVmB©, ‘m.gm¡.gwf‘mVmB© d ‘m.gm¡.ew^m§JrVmB© ¶m {VZ ‘wbr AmhoV.Va
XmoZ nwÌ AgyZ Ooð> gwnwÌ ‘m. S>m°. eoIaXmXm d ˶m§À¶m Y‘©nËZr ‘m.S>m°.CfmVmB©
ho ‘w§~B© ¶oWo d¡ÚH$s¶ godm XoV AmhoV Va bhmZ gwnwÌ ‘m.^¡æ¶mgmho~ E°S>.g§Xrn
gwaoe nmQ>rb ¶m§Mo {ejU B.Com.LL.M. Pmbo AgyZ ˶m§Zr ‘w~§B© Cƒ ݶm¶mb¶mV
1987 Vo 1992 ¶m H$mimV à°pŠQ>g Ho$br Amho Va A‘iZoa {O. OiJmd ¶oWo
gwÕm {Oëhm A{V. gaH$mar dH$sb åhUyZ H$m‘ Ho$bobo Amho.VgoM ˶m§Zr
2011 Vo 2014 ¶m H$mimV MmonS>m ZJarMo ZJamܶj åhUyZ nX^yf{dbo
AgyZ ˶m§À¶m H$m¶©H$mimV ehamVrb gd© añ˶m§Mo H$m‘ {Q´>{‘Šg nÕVrMo
Pmbo Amho. ‘m ^¡æ¶mgmho~ ho 2014 Vo 2021 ¶m H$mimV OiJmd {Oëhm
H$m±J«og njmMo Aܶj åhUyZ gwÕm H$m¶©aV hmoVo. VgoM Vo H$d{¶Ìr ~{hUm~mB©
Mm¡Yar CÎma ‘hmamï´> {dÚmnrR> OiJmd ¶oWo {gZoQ> gXñ¶nXr H$m¶©aV hmoVo.
gܶm Vo ‘hmË‘m Jm§Yr {ejU ‘§S>imMo Aܶj åhUyZ H$m‘ nmhV AmhoV.
˶mMà‘mUo ˶m§À¶m AYmª{JZr ‘m. VmB©gmho~ S>m°.pñ‘Vm g§Xrn nmQ>rb ¶m
M.B.B.S. AgyZ MmonS>çm ehamVrb Zm‘m§{H$V ËdMmamoJ Vk åhUyZ à{gÕ
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AmhoV. gÚm ˶m ‘hmË‘m Jm§Yr {ejU ‘§S>imÀ¶m g{Md åhUyZ H$m‘ nhmV
AmhoV.
XmXmgmho~ ñdV…À¶m d BVam§À¶m Amamo½¶mÀ¶m ~m~VrV A{Ve¶
Xj hmoVo. 2017 n¶ªV XmXm {Z¶{‘V ‘hm{dÚmb¶mVrb ‘¡XmZmda 10 amC§S>
nm¶r MmbV hmoVo åhUyM d¶mÀ¶m 95 ì¶m dfuhr ˶m§Mr g‘aUeº$s V„I
hmoVr. XmXm§Mo B§J«Or, ‘amR>rgh nmdam, A{hamUr, CXÿ©, JwOamWr Am{X ^mfm§da
à^wËd hmoVo.
OZgodm hrM B©œa godm H¥$Vr¶wº$ ‘mZUmao XmXmgmho~, A¸$mgmho~
d VËH$mbrZ VmbwŠ¶mVrb g‘{dMmar {ejUào‘r ‘§S>ir ¶m§Zr EH$Ì ¶odyZ
{dÚm϶mªÀ¶m gdmª{JU {dH$mgmgmR>r {ejU à{H«$¶oVyZ g¥OZerbVm,
{ddoH$Ñï>r, gm¢X¶© gmYZm, gm‘m{OH$ ~m§{YbH$s, ñd¶§amoOJma ¶m JwUm§~amo~a
n¶m©daUmMr OmUrd , gm§ñH¥${VH$Vm, H«$sS>m Z¡nwʶ Am{U AmXe© ZmJ[aH$ËdmMr
‘yë¶o éOdV {ZH$mon bmoH$emhrÀ¶m g§dY©ZmgmR>r MmonS>çm gma»¶m ehar
J«m‘rU ^mJmV 1969 ‘ܶo ‘hmË‘m Jm§Yr {ejU ‘§S>imMr ñWmnZm H$ê$Z
àemgH$s¶ ‘mݶVm {‘idyZ {Xbr. amOH$s¶ joÌmV VËH$mbrZ n§VàYmZ ñd.
H$bm, emò d dm{UÁ¶ H${Zð> d d[að> ‘hm{dÚmb¶ gwé Ho$bo. AmO g§ñWoÀ¶m
lr‘Vr B§{XamOr Jm§Yr ¶m§À¶m ܶo¶YmoaUmda {ZVm§V lÕm R>odUmè¶m ˶m H$m±J«og
A§VJ©V nX{dH$m, nXdr d nXì¶wÎma Am¡fY {Z‘m©U ‘hm{dÚmb¶, V§Ì{ZHo$VZ
À¶m {Zð>mdmZ H$m¶©H$˶m© åhUyZ AmoiIë¶m OmV AgV. Amnë¶m embrZ ,
nX{dH$m {dÚmb¶, {ejUemò {dÚmb¶, Z{gªJ {dÚmb¶, Am¡Úmo{JH$ à{ejU
gm¡OݶnyU© Am{U C‘Úm 춺$s‘Ëdm‘wio ñd. A¸$gmho~ ¶m§Zr gdmªZmM
{dÚmb¶, ‘hmË‘m Jm§Yr àmW{‘H$ d ‘mܶ{‘H$ {dÚmb¶, Am°Šg’$S>© B§p½be
Amnbogo H$ê$Z KoVbo hmoVo.
‘o{S>¶‘ ñHy$b Am{X e¡j{UH$ {dÚmemIm§Mr ¶eñdr dmQ>Mmb gwé Amho. VgoM
{X. 5 {S>g|~a 1982 amoOr A¸$mgmho~m§Mo öX¶{dH$mamZo XþX£dr
Am{Xdmgr {d^mJmÀ¶m A§VJ©V Am{Xdmgr {dÚm϶mªgmR>r H$Om©Uo ¶oWo {d.à.
{ZYZ Pmbo. ˶m§À¶m {ZYZmZ§Va àH$m{eV Pmboë¶m gmVnwS>çmVrb g§OrdZr
Xoe‘wI nmoñQ> ~o{gH$ Aml‘ àmW{‘H$, ‘mܶ{‘H$ d Cƒ ‘mܶ{‘H$ {dÚmb¶
boIH$ lram‘ nmQ>rb ¶m nwñVH$mV H¡$. ‘m. ¶ed§Vamd MìhmU ¶m§Zr
gwé Ho$bo. VmbwŠ¶mVrb ¶wdH$-¶wdVtZm ñd¶§amoOJma {‘idyZ XoʶmgmR>r ˶m
A¸$mgmho~m§~X²X²b OiJmd {Oëhm d MmonS>m VmbwŠ¶mVrb {dH$mg {df¶H$
AZwf§JmZo à{e{jV H$aʶmgmR>r H$m¡eë¶ {dH$mg d CÔmoOº$m ‘§Ìmb¶ ^maV
H$m¶m©~Ôb Img AmñWm Vi‘i d {dbjU AmoT> Agboë¶m H¡$.‘m.Zm.A¸$mgmo
gaH$ma nwañH¥$V OZ{ejU g§ñWm, OiJmd 2006 ‘ܶo ñWmnZm H$ê$Z
eaXM§{ÐH$m gwaoe nmQ>rb ¶m§Zr {ejU‘§Ìr AgVm§Zm gwÕm H$V©~Jmar XmIdyZ
{d{dY à{ejU XmbZo gwé H$ê$Z OZ{ejUmMo H$m¶© gwê$ Ho$bo. {ejU
Vm§{ÌH$ {ejUm~m~V XþaJm‘r YmoaU am~dyZ g§ñ‘aUr¶ H$m‘{Jar Ho$br Aer
nÕVr~m~V XmXmgmho~ Zoh‘r åhUm¶Mo H$s, AmOÀ¶m H$mimV ‘wbm§Zm nwñVH$s
à{V{H«$¶m 춺$ Ho$br.
{ejU Xoʶmnojm H$m¡e붶wº$ {ejU Úm¶bm hdo. {dÚm϶mªZm ˶m§À¶m
AmdS>rMo joÌ {ZdS>ʶmMo ñdmV§Í¶ Úm¶bm hdo. {ejU nÕVr H$mbgmnoj 1982 bm ˶m§À¶m {ZYZmZ§Va [aº$ OmJogmR>r Pmboë¶m
Agm¶bm hdr. {dÚm϶m©Zo Zoh‘rM Amnë¶m AmdS>rÀ¶m joÌmV H$m¶© H$am¶bm {dYmZg^oÀ¶m nmoQ> {ZdS>UwH$sV XmXmgmho~ S>m°.gwaoe Or.nmQ>rb {dYmZ g^oda
hdo VaM ˶m§Mr àJVr hmoB©b. {ZdSy>Z JoboV. XmXmgmho~ S>m°.gwaoe Or.nmQ>rb ¶m§Zr gyV{JaUr gwé
H$aʶmgmR>r à¶ËZ Ho$bo. gyV{JaUrgmR>r ^mJ ^m§S>db Jmoim H$ê$Z ImMUo
H¡$.‘m.Zm.A¸$mgmo eaXM§{ÐH$m gwaoe nmQ>rb ¶m§Mm OÝ‘ Zm{eH$
{edmamV O‘rZ IaoXr Ho$br. XmXmgmho~m§Zr gmIa H$maImZm {Z{‘©VrMr
{OëømVrb gQ>mUm VmbwŠ¶mVrb Zm‘nya ¶oWo {X.05 Zmoìh|~a 1928 amoOr
‘whÿV©‘oT> 1979 gmbr amodbr d Vo H$maImݶmMo {M’$à‘moQ>a åhUyZ H$m‘ nmhÿ
H¡$.lr.Y‘©amO O¶Xodamd gmd§V d H¡$.gm¡.dmg§{VH$mVmB© gmd§V ¶m§À¶m
bmJbo. amOH$maUmV ˶m§Zr {ZñdmW© hoVyZo godm H$ê$Z g‘mOmV AmXe© {Z‘m©U
Hw$Qw>§~m‘ܶo Pmbm. A¸$mgmho~m§Mo àmW{‘H$ {ejU Zm‘nya ¶oWrb ‘amR>r
Ho$bm. {damoYH$ amOH$s¶ 춺$s¨da XoIrb ào‘ Ho$bo, Ago Vo {Z‘©i ‘ZmMo
‘wbtÀ¶m emioV Pmbo AgyZ dZñnVremó ¶m {df¶mV E‘.Eñgr. nXdr àmá
amOH$maUr hmoVo. ˶m§Zr Am¶wî¶^a gd© Y‘© g‘^md Omonmgbm.
Ho$br. ˶m§Zr ‘hmË‘m Jm§Yr {ejU ‘§S>i ,MmonS>m ¶oWrb d[að>
‘hm{dÚmb¶mVrb {dkmZ emIoVrb dZñnVremó {d^mJmV ‘mZX àmܶmnH$ XmXmgmho~ Vgo amOH$maUr ZìhVoM, Vo YÝd§Var hmoVo. MmonS>çmVrb
åhUyZ godm {Xbr Amho. AZoH$ hm°pñnQ>bMo CXKmQ>Z ‘m.XmXmgmho~m§À¶m hñVo H$aʶmV Ambo.
{OëømVrb AZoH$ S>m°ŠQ>am§Zm XmXm§Zr ‘mJ©Xe©Z Ho$bo. ‘m.XmXmgmho~ d ‘m
1967 gmbr VËH$mbrZ H|$Ðr¶ J¥h‘§Ìr ¶ed§Vamd MìhmU ¶m§Zr
.A¸$mgmho~ AmOrdZ H$m±J«og njmMo d Jm§Yr {dMmam§Mo nmB©H$ am{hboV. H$m±J«og
gw{e{jV ‘{hbm åhUyZ ˶m§Zm n{hë¶m§Xm MmonS>m {dYmZg^ogmR>r C‘oXdmar
njmZo AZoH$ MT>-CVma nm{hboV nU XmXmgmho~m§Zr H$m±J«og njmMr gmW
{Xbr. ˶mV ˶m Ho$di 264 ‘Vm§Zr nam^yV Pmë¶mZ§Va ˶m {Zame Pmë¶m
eodQ>n¶ªV gmoS>br Zmhr. VgoM gmd©O{ZH$ OrdZmV amhÿZhr {ZdS>UwH$sVrb
ZmhrV. ˶m ‘{hbm Am{W©H$ ‘hm‘§S>imÀ¶m ‘mܶ‘mVyZ ‘{hbm§À¶m
à{Vñnܶmªer A¸$m d XmXm§Zr H$Yrhr gwS>mMr d ÛofmMr ^mdZm Z R>odVm
{dH$mgmgmR>r H$m¶©aV am{hë¶mV. ˶m§Mo H$m¶© nmhVm 1972 gmbr ˶m 14000
{ZñdmW© d CXmÎm hoVyZo JmoaJar~ OZVoMr godm Ho$br. {X.1 ‘o 2020 amoOr
hOma ‘Vm{YŠ¶m§Zr Am‘Xma åhUyZ {ZdSy>Z Amë¶mV.1980 gmbr ˶m nwÝhm
XmXm§Zr d¶mÀ¶m 95 ì¶m dfu OJmMm MmbVm ~mobVm {Zamon KoVbm.
{dYmZg^oda 15000 ‘Vm§Zr {ZdSy>Z Amë¶m. VËH$mbrZ ‘w»¶‘§Ìr ~m~mgmho~
^mogbo ¶m§À¶m ‘§{Ì‘§S>imV {ejU d gm§ñH¥${VH$ ‘§Ìr åhUyZ H$m‘ H$aʶmMr H¡$ XmXmgmho~ d H¡$.A¸$mgmho~ ¶m§À¶m AmXe© ñ‘¥Vr Amåhmg gX¡d
g§Yr ˶m§Zm {‘imbr. VmbwŠ¶mMm VgoM {OëømÀ¶m {dH$mgm~m~V ˶m§Zm ’$ma nWXeu AgVrb.VrW©ê$n A¸$m-XmXm§Mm ñ‘¥{VJ§Y AgmM ˶m§À¶m H$V¥©Ëd d
AmñWm, Vi‘i d {dbjU AmoT> hmoVr. ‘VXma g§KmVrb àý g‘OyZ H$m¶m©VyZ XadiV amhmo, hrM na‘oœa MaUr àmW©Zm !
KoʶmgmR>r ~è¶mM doir ˶m OZVoer A{hamUr ^mfoVyZ g§dmX gmYV Agë¶mZo
OZVoÀ¶m ‘ZmV ˶m§À¶m~Ôb AmnbonUmMr ^mdZm hmoVr.J«m‘rU ^mJmV ‘m. ^¡æ¶mgmho~ A°S>.g§Xrn gwaoe nmQ>rb
{ejUmMm àgma ‘moR>çm à‘mUmda ìhmdm ¶m Am§V[aH$ Vi‘irVyZ (B.Com. LL.M)
A¸$mgmho~m§Zr e¡j{UH$ joÌmV ‘moR>çm {hararZo H$m‘ H$aʶmg àma§^ Aܶj, ‘hmË‘m Jm§Yr {ejU ‘§S>i, MmonS>m {O OiJmd
Ho$bm.Ad¿¶m 11 ‘{hݶmÀ¶m H$mbmdYrV ˶m§Zr Amnë¶m e¡j{UH$ joÌmVrb ‘mOr A{Yg^m gXñ¶,
XrK© AZw^dmMm R>gm amÁ¶mÀ¶m EHy$U e¡j{UH$ YmoaUmda C‘Q>{dʶmg H$d{¶Ìr ~{hUm~mB© Mm¡Yar CÎma ‘hmamï´> {dÚmnrR>, OiJmd
‘mOr ZJamܶj, MmonS>m ZJan[afX, MmonS>m {O OiJmd
gwédmV Ho$br. A¸$mgmho~m§Zr V§Ì{ejU d Am¡fY{Z‘m©Uemò {ejU ImgJr
‘mOr Aܶj OiJmd {Oëhm ZJamܶj ’$moa‘ d Cnmܶj,
VËdmda gwê$ H$aʶmMm ‘gwXm V¶ma H$ê$Z ‘§Oya H$ê$Z V§Ì{ejUmMr J§Jm
ZJan[afX ‘hmg§K ‘hmamï´> amÁ¶
‘hmamï´>mVrb Jmd IoS>çmn¶ªV nmoMdbr. ˶m§À¶m H$m¶©H$mimV H$m°nr {damoYr ‘mOr Aܶj, amï´>r¶ H$m±J«og OiJmd {Oëhm
H$m¶Xm ‘§Oya Pmbm. VgoM 22 {Xdg gwé Agbobm {ejH$m§Mm g§n
¶eñdr[a˶m gmoS>dbm. ˶mMà‘mUo AZoa YaUmÀ¶m nmʶmMm VËH$mbrZ
nmQ>~§Ymao ‘§Ìr dg§VXmXm nmQ>rb ¶m§À¶mH$S>o VJmXm bmdyZ MmonS>m VmbwŠ¶mVrb
JUnyagh n§MH«$moerVrb Jmdm§Zm ’$m¶Xm H$ê$Z {Xbm. Jyi ‘ܶ‘ àH$ënmMr

H«$‘e: E{àb 2024 À¶m ‘mJrb nmZmdéZ
9) g§JrV :- S>’$, T>mob, g§~i, nIdmO, S>’$br VgoM {dUm, g§Vya, VwUVwUm
gmaIo dmO{dUmao H$bmH$ma AmhoV. Aem H$bmH$mam§gmR>r hm CnH«$‘ gwé Ho$bm
Amho.
10) {MÌH$bm :- a§JN>Q>m, a§Jg§JVr Ûmao hþ~ohþ~ {MÌ H$mT>Uo hr N>mZ H$bm
Amho. Aem hþÞar H$bmH$mam§gmR>r hm CnH«$‘ gwé Ho$bm Amho.
11) [eënH$m‘ :- ImÝXoemV AZoH$ JS>, {H$„o, ‘§{Xao AmhoV. AqOR>m, doéi
gmaIo OJà{gÕ boUr AmhoV. ˶m§Mr ‘m{hVr gdmªZm ìhmdr åhUyZ hm CnH«$‘
gwé Ho$bm Amho.
12) n¶©Q>Z :- Xþ~B© gmaIm Xoe n¶©Q>ZmZo à{gÕ Amho. Amnë¶m ImÝXoemV
AZoH$ n¶©Q>ZmgmR>r ñWio AmhoV. ˶m§Mo g§dY©Z Pmbo nm{hOo. ˶mMr ‘m{hVr
gdmªZm ìhmdr ¶m CÔoemZo hm CnH«$‘ gwé Ho$bm Amho.
13) gm§ñH¥${VH$ dmQ>m :- ImÝXoeMr g§ñH¥$Vr AmOhr Cƒ AmXe©dV Amho.
‘moR>çm§Mm AmXa, gÝ‘mZ, AX~ ho g§ñH$ma nwT>rb {nT>rbm AZwH$aUr¶ Amho.
ImÝXoemVrb b¾, ew^H$m¶©, gU, g‘ma§^ ‘YyZ na§nam§Mo OVZ ìhmdo hm
CnH«$‘ gwé Ho$bm Amho.
14) ‘ZmoJV ‘¡{’$b :- {d{dY joÌmV Zm‘d§V ‘§S>ir H$m¶©aV AmhoV. ˶m§À¶m
kmZmMm, Aä¶mgmMm, AZw^dmMm ’$m¶Xm ìhmdm åhUyZ ˶m§À¶m ‘¡{’$brMm
CnH«$‘ KoVbm OmVmo. AZoH$m§Zm bm^ {‘iV Amho.
2) ‘{hbm AmKmS>r :-
{OÀ¶m hmVr KamMr Xmoar Vr OJ CÕmar ¶m ‘yë¶mZwgma KamVrb ‘{hbm gj‘,
g‘¥Õ d g~bm Pmbr nm{hOo åhUyZ ‘{hbm AmKmS>rMr ñWmnZm H$aʶmV
Ambr Amho.
KaJwVr CÚmoJ {Z{‘©Vr H$éZ {dH«$s H$amdr, ˶m‘YyZ Am{W©H$ bm^
hmoVmo, ‘mH©o$qQ>JMm AZw^d {‘iVmo. na§namJV AZoH$ nXmW© ~Z{dʶmMr H$bm
ImÝXoer ‘{hbm§Zm Amho. éMH$a, ñdm{Xï> d MdXma nXmW© V¶ma H$aʶmgmR>r
ImÝXoer ‘{hbm§Mr à{gÜXr Amho.
‘{hbm AmKmS>r Ûmao Mma ‘{hbm ~MV JQ>mMr ñWmnZm Ho$br Amho.
à˶oH$ JQ>mV 10-15 ‘{hbm g^mgX AmhoV. à˶oH$ ‘{hݶmV ^mJ ^m§S>db
O‘m H$aVmV. JaOd§Vm§Zm Am{W©H$ ‘XV H$aVmV. Xa ‘{hݶmbm EH$Ì ¶oVmV.
{dMmam§Mr AmXmZ-àXmZ H$aVmV. ¶m‘YyZ ‘¡Ìr, {Oìhmim, ào‘, AmnwbH$s d
g§KQ>Z ‘O~yV hmoV Amho.
gwIXþImÀ¶m àg§Jmbm ‘XV ghH$m¶© H$aVmV. EH$Ì Amë¶mZo
g‘mYmZ AmZ§X {‘iVmo. à˶oH$ ‘{hbm JQ>mbm gaH$ma‘mݶ à‘mUnÌ {‘imbo
Amho. VgoM AZwXmZ gwÕm {‘imbo Amho. ^{dî¶mV AZoH$ CÚmoJ, H$m¶©
H$aʶmMm g§H$ën Amho.
4) OmJ{VH$ A{hamUr ^mfm g§dY©Z n[afX - Amnë¶m XoemV
AZoH$ ^mfm ~mobë¶m OmV AmhoV. CÎma ‘hmamï´>mV XmoZ H$moQ>r nojm OmñV
A{hamUr ^mfm ~mobUmao AmhoV. A{hamUr ^mfoMo g§dY©Z hmoUo OVZ hmoUo ˶mMm
àMma d àgma hmoUo hr H$mimMr JaO Amho. A{hamUr ‘mD$brMr godm H$aUo
à˶oH$ ImÝXoedm{g¶m§Mo H$V©ì¶ Amho d Cƒ ^mdZoZo hm CnH«$‘ gwê$ Ho$bm
Amho. Amnbr A{hamUr ^mfm JmdHw$gmda Wm§~nr Amho. {Vbm OmJ{VH$ XOm©
{‘iʶmgmR>r à¶ËZ H$aUo Amdí¶H$ Amho. A{hamUr ^mfm hr Amnbr
‘mV¥^mfm Amho. AmB©Mr ^mfm ~mobUo, H$‘rnUmMo, Jmd§T>inUmMo Zmhr. ‘wbm§Zm
‘amR>r, B§J«Or emioV nmR>dm nU KamV ‘wbm§g‘moa A{hamUr ^mfoV ~mobbo
nm{hOo. ˶m§Zm EoH$dm. ~mobʶmg àd¥Îm H$am; VaM ^mfm {Q>Ho$b. ¶mgmR>r
Am‘À¶m ‘§§S>imH$Sy>Z àmYmݶmZo hm CnH«$‘ gwé Ho$bm Amho. ¶mVyZ AZoH$
H$m¶©H«$‘ hmoV AmhoV.
Cd©arV ^mJ OyZ ‘{hݶmV H«$‘e:
 A{haamï´> H$mÝhXoe Zm {VZ A{ha gwnwÌ
1) N>ÌnVr {edmOr ‘hmamO 2) ^JdmZ lrH¥$îU 3) ‘hmamOm g¶mOramd Jm¶H$dmS>

A§Ymar Zd‘r A§Ymar EH$mXg MmÞr VrO MmÞr Xg‘r A§Ymar ~rO
a{ddma
MwS>m‘U
AÊUm nmQ>rb
nwʶVrV

gmo‘dma A§Ymar ~mag A§Ymar VrO

MmÞr Mm¡W
Jm¡amB© MmÞr
~odmS>Vg EH$mXg

‘§Jidma A§Ymar Voag MmÞr n§M‘r MmÞr EH$mXg A§Ymar Mm¡W

CÎm‘amd
nmQ>rb
O¶§Vr
Vmnr
O¶§Vr

~wYdma A§Ymar MmD$Xg MmÞr gï>r MmÞr ~mag A§Ymar n§M‘r

Vw.Vm. IbmZo nwʶ{VV

‘YwH$aamd Mm¡Yar MwS>m‘Z
O¶§Vr AmÊUm
nwʶVrV

Jwédma g§nmXH$ MmÞr gá‘r MmÞr A§Ymar gï>r

A§Ymar Amdg Voag JmoqdX ‘hmamO nwʶVrV, gmoZJra

lr. ~mnygmho~ hQ>H$a lr. E.Or. nmQ>rb gZr O¶§Vr,

ZñVZnya gZr ‘hmamO OÌm
ewH«$dma àH$meH$ MmÞr nmS>m OoR> MmÞr Amï>‘r A§Ymar gá‘r
MmÞr MmD$Xg

dQ> gm{dÌr nwZr

lr. {dH$mg nmQ>rb àmMm¶© àem§V nmQ>rb

A§Ymar Amï>‘r
e{Zdma A§Ymar Zd‘r/Xg‘r
MmÞr ~rO MmÞr Zd‘r

{Pnê$ AmÊUm nwʶVrV, {VVr na‘mZ| gmZo JwéOr nwʶVrV

MmÞr nwZr
A§Ymar
nmS>m

A{hamUr {XZX{e©H$m d A{hamUr ^mfoÀ¶m gd© H$m¶©H«$‘m§Zm hm{X©H$ ew^oÀN>m!

S>o߶wQ>r OZab ‘°ZoOa, nwUo

nwañH$ma : ‘°Z Am°’$ X E³ggobÝg Adm°S>© {dOoVm
H$m¶©dmh, CÎma ‘hmamï´> ImÝXoe {dH$mg ‘§S>i Obn[afX

Vmnr Imoao : ObqgMZ àH$ën EH$ Ñï>rjon
gy¶©H$ݶm Vmnr qH$dm nmár ZXr ImÝXoeMr OrdZXm¶r d
OrdZdmhrZr (bmB©’$ bmB©Z) Amho. Vmnr ZXr ‘ܶàXoe, ‘hmamï´> d JwOamV
amÁ¶mVyZ dmhVo. nwd©oH$SyZ npíM‘oH$S>o dmhUmar 724 {H$.‘r. bm§~rMr
^maVmVrb gdm©V OmñV bm§~rMr 10 ì¶m H«$‘m§H$mMr d ‘hmamï´>mVrb 7 ì¶m
H«$‘m§H$mMr npíM‘dmhrZr ZXr Amho. Vmnr ZXr ‘ܶàXoemVrb ~¡Vwb
{OëømVrb gmVnwS>m nd©Vam§JmVrb ‘wbVmB© S>m|Jamda CJ‘ nmdVo.
‘hmamï´>mVrb 228 {H$.‘r. bm§~rMr AgyZ OiJm§d {OëømV 140 {H$.‘r. d
Ywio d Z§Xya~ma {OëømV 88 {H$‘r. AgyZ O‘rZ gnmQ> d gwnrH$ Amho.
ImÝXoemVrb Vmnr Imoè¶mVrb OiJm§d, Ywio, Z§Xÿa~ma d Zm{eH$ (A§eV:) ¶m
Mma {Oëøm§Mo bmJdS>r¶mo½¶ joÌ 16,65,262 ho³Q>a EodOr 8,47,736
ho³Q>a joÌ AmobrVmImbr Amho. Vmnr ZXrda CH$mB©, H$mH«$mnma d hmVZya hr
YaUo AmhoV. Va eoiJm§d, nmS>igao, gwbdmS>o, gma§JIoS>m d àH$mem hr ~°aoOog
AmhoV.
Vmnr Imoè¶mZo ‘hmamï´>mMo EHy$U joÌ’$im§n¡H$s 16.7% joÌ
ì¶mnbobo Amho. Vmnr Imoè¶m‘ܶo ‘hmamï´>mVrb A‘amdVr, AH$mobm, ~wbT>mUm,
OiJm§d, Ywio, Zm[eH$ d Am¡a§Jm~mX ho 7 {Oëho ¶oVmV. Vmnr Imoè¶mVrb
O{‘ZrMo joÌ 51254 Mm¡.{H$‘r Amho. ˶mn¡H$s 20134 Mm¡.{H$‘r. joÌ Adf©U
J«ñV Amho. Va 9989 Mm¡.{H$‘r. Am{Xdmgr joÌ Amho. dZmImbrb joÌ
11890 Mm¡.{H$‘r. d 3284 Mm¡.{H$‘r. joÌ ‘emJV A¶mo½¶ Amho. Va 36080
Mm¡.{H$‘r. joÌ ‘emJV ¶mo½¶ Amho.
* Vmnr Imoè¶mVrb nmUr {dVaU d qgMZjoÌ :
lr. E‘.Eg. A涧Jma g{‘VrZo gmXa Ho$boë¶m AhdmbmZwgma Vmnr Imoè¶mV
CH$mB© YaU ñWimn¶ªV 400 AK’y$. nmʶmMo amÁ¶{Zhm¶ {dVaU nwT>rb
à‘mUo.
A.H«$. àXoe nmUr dmQ>n (AK’y$)
1 ‘ܶàXoe 70.00
2 ‘hmamï´> 191.40
3 JwOamV 138.60
EHy$U 400.00
‘hmamï´>mgmR>r 191.40 AK’y$. BVH$m nmUr gmR>m ‘mݶ H$aʶmV Ambm Amho.
N.W.D.A. (National water Development Authority) Zdr
{Xëbr ¶m§Zr Vmnr Imoè¶mV CH$mB© YaU ñWim§n¶ªV 512 AK’y$ BVHo$ nmUr
CnbãY Agë¶mMo Z‘yX Ho$bo Amho. åhUOoM 112 AK’y$ A{V[aº$ nmUr
CnbãY Amho. ˶mn¡H$s ‘hmamï´>mgmR>r 105.20 AK’y$ BVHo$ nmUr ~¥hV
AmamIS>çmV {dMmamV KoʶmV Ambo Amho.
* ‘hmamï´>mbm CnbãY hmoUmao nmUr (AK’y$) :
A涧Jma g{‘VrZwgma (400 AK’y$ n¡H$s) 191.40 AK’y$
A{V[aº$ CnbãY nmUr (N.W.D.A.) Zwgma 105.20 AK’y$
+10% nwZa©ØdmX²dmao 29.66 AK’y$
EHy$U 326.26 AK’y$
Vmnr Imoè¶mVrb nmʶmMr CnbãYVm d dmna àXoem{Zhm¶ nwT>rb à‘mUo.
A.H«$. àXoe nmUrdmQ>n (AK’y$)
1 {dX^© 90.31
2 ‘amR>dmS>m 2.82
3 CÎma ‘hmamï´> 233.13
326.26
EHy$U
Cnamoº$ 326.26 AK’y$ nmUr CnbãYVoMm {ZX©oe Vmnr {dH$mg
‘hm‘§S>imZo Ho$bobm Amho. na§Vw darb nmUrdmQ>n amÌm ~¥hV AmamIS>m H|$Ðr¶
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Vmnr Imoè¶mV gw‘mao 400 {Q>E‘gr nmUr CnbãY Amho. ˶mn¡H$s
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ZXrdarb ObqgMZ àH$ënm§Zm Amdí¶H$ d nwaogm {ZYr doioV Z {‘imë¶m‘wio
ObqgMZ àH$ën 20 Vo 25 nmgyZ aIS>bobo AmhoV. àXrK© H$mimnmgyZ
àb§{~V Agë¶m‘wio àH$ënm§Mm IM© {H$‘mZ 10 nQ> dmT>ë¶mMo {XgyZ ¶oVo.
ObqgMZ àH$ën hr H$mimMr JaO Amho. {nʶmgmR>r, eoVrgmR>r,
{dO{Z{‘©VrgmR>r d Am¡Úmo{JH$ dmnamgmR>r nmUr CnbãY Pmë¶mg CÎma
‘hmamï´>mMr Mm¡’o$a àJVr hmoB©b. ObH«$m§VrH$Sy>Z Obg‘¥ÜXr H$S>o,
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JaOoM§ Amho. ^wgmdi Vmbw³¶mVrb 5 CngmqgMZ ¶moOZm, A‘iZoa {nʶmÀ¶m nmʶmMr gmo¶ hmoUma Amho. 10307 ho³Q>a joÌ CngmqgMZ
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CngmqgMZ ¶moOZm nwU©j‘VoZo H$m¶m©pÝdV Pmë¶mg eoH$S>mo JmdmVrb hOmamo dmnamgmR>r, 3.04 Xebj KZ‘rQ>a Am¡Úmo{JH$ dmnamgmR>r AmUr nyînX§Voœa
ho³Q>a O‘rZ Amo{bVmImbr ¶oB©b. ghH$mar gmIa H$maImݶmgmR>r 0.133 Xebj KZ‘rQ>a nmUr Ama{jV
eoiJm§d, nmCißVao, gwidmS>o, gma§JIoS>m d àH$mem ~°aoO åhUOo Amho. àH$ën IM© 178.91 H$moQ>r AgyZ àH$ën 2009-10 ‘ܶo nwU©Ëdmg
Ho$di nmʶmMo hm¡X ~Zbobo AmhoV. ¶m ~°aoOog ‘YyZ XmoÝhr Vramdarb gw‘mao Ambm.
30 {H$‘r A§Vamn¶ªV qgMZ d nmUrnwadR>m H$aU§ ghO e³¶ Amho. JaO Amho ObqgMZ àH$ënm§Mr XoI^mb d XþéñVrgmR>r eoVH$ar dJm©g d
amOH$s¶ BÀN>meº$sMr d OZgm‘mݶm§À¶m d gܶmMm XmoÝhr Vramda JmdH$ar dJm©g dmnamZwgma ObH$a bmdmdm. ˶m‘wio IM© dgyb hmoʶmg ‘XV
gmannmXdma g§Mm{bV AgUmè¶m Cngm qgMZ ¶moOZoÛmao ~§{XñV nmB©nmÛmao hmoB©b. àH$ën nargamV dm°Q>añnmoQ>©g², Obn¶©Q>Z aogm°Q>©, JmS>©Z, boPa emo,
nmUr dmnamM§, qgMZmM§, gmR>çmM§ d ómoVmM§ gyú‘ {Z¶moOZ d gyú‘ H$ma§Oo, ObdmhVyH$ d ’$m‘© hmD$g gmaIo àH$ën n¶©Q>Z {dH$mgmMo H|$Ðq~Xÿ
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Cº$sà‘mUo eoVrg {R>~H$ qgMZ d Vwfma qgMZ nX²YVrZo {Xë¶m‘wio AmobrVmM§ boIH$ : àmMm¶© EZ.E‘. ^m‘ao
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‘hm‘mJ©, ‘oQ´>mo d ‘moZmoaob , E³gàog do ¶m§À¶m YaVrda Iwë¶m ~mOmamVyZ
H$O©amoIo d h‘rH$O© CnbãY H$amdo. àg§Jr ˶mgmR>r eoVH$ar dJm©g àVrEH$a
qgMZH$a bmdmdm åhUOo àH$ënmMm XoI^mb IM© d XþéñVrIM© ^mJ{dU§
gwb^ hmoB©b. ‘J emgZmbm XþfH$miJ«ñV, Amdf©UJAñV ‘XV{ZYr,
H$O©‘m’$s H$aʶmMr JaO nS>Uma Zmhr. eoVH$ar gwIr, g§nÞ d g‘¥ÜX hmoB©b.
eoVH$ar g§nÞ Va Xoe g§nÞ ho g‘rH$aU V¶ma hmoB©b.
VmnrZXrdarb ObqgMZ àH$ën åhUOo ImÝXo e gmR>r
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1) eoiJm§d ~°aoO : eoiJm§d ~°aoO 1998 nmgyZ aIS>bm¶ nU 2023 n¶ªV
nwU©Ëdmg OmʶmMr e³¶Vm Amho. 4.5 {Q>E‘gr nmUrgmR>m d 9128 ho³Q>a
qgMZ j‘Vm AgUmam Am{U 100% nmUrdmnamMr h‘r AgUmam EH$‘od
àH$ën Amho. 55 ’y$Q> C§MrMo åhUOo 5 ‘Obr B‘maV EdT>çm C§MrMo ~°aoOMo
18 dH«$H$ma bmoI§S>r ‘hmH$m¶ XadmOo AmhoV. ¶mdb Vmbw³¶mVrb 19
Jmdm§Vrb 9128 ho³Q>a O‘rZ AmobrVmImbr ¶hoB©b ˶mgmR>r 3.092
Q>rE‘gr nmUr qgMZmImbr 0.596 {Q>E‘gr nmUr {nʶmgmR>r d 0.243
{Q>E‘gr nmUr CÚmoJmgmR>r CnbãY hmoB©b.
2) hmVZya YaU (‘wº$mB©gmJa) : OiJmd {OëømVrb ^wgmdi Vmbw³¶mVrb
hmVZya JmdmOdi VmnrZXrda hmVZya YaU 1982 ‘ܶo ~m§YyZ nwU© Pmbo Amho.
YaUm§Mr C§Mr 25.5 ‘rQ>a,(84 ’y$Q>) YaUmMr bm§~r 2580 ‘r. (8460 ’y$Q>)
Am{U 41 dH$« XadmOo AmhoV. nmUrgmR>dU j‘Vm 13.8 {Q>E‘gr EdT>r Amho.
hmVZya YaUmbm COdm H$mbdm Amho nU S>mdm H$mbdm Zmhr. S>mdm H$mbdm
Amë¶mg dm§¶mOmUmao nmUr amoIVm ¶oB©b. qgMZjoÌ dmT>ob Am{U {Zå‘o
{OëømMr nmUr Q>§MmB© {‘Q>ob.
YaUm‘wio ¶mdb, amdoa, MmonS>m Vmbw³¶mVrb 37838 ho³Q>ajoÌ
qgMZmImbr Ambo Amho. YaUmMr gmR>dU j‘Vm 388 Xebj KZ ‘rQ>a
AgyZ 174.70 Xebj KZ‘rQ>a JmimZo ^abobo Amho. ˶m‘wio 213 Xebj
KZ‘rQ>a BVH$mM ObgmR>m hmdy eH$Vmo. JmimZo ^aë¶m‘wio hmVZya gmaIo VrZ
YaUo ^aVrb BVH§$ nmUr Amoìhaâbmo hmoVo d Aa~r g‘yÐmbm {‘iVo. YaUmVrb
Jmi H$mT>Uo Am{U gw{nH$ Jmi eoVH$è¶m§Zm ‘mo’$V XoUo hm à^mdr Cnm¶ R>aob.
S>mdm H$mbdm ~m§YUo ˶m‘wio nmUr eoVrH$S>o qH$dm [aPpìh©Aa H$S>o di{dVm
‘mJrb nmZmdéZ H«$‘e:
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3) gwidmS>o ~°aoO : AOó bmoI§S>r JoQ> AgUmam ~°aoO. ~°aoOÀ¶m 27 JoQ>gmR>r 1. emioÀ¶m Aä¶mgH«$‘mV A{hamUr ^mfoMm g‘mdoe ìhmdm.
8800 ‘oQ´>rH$ Q>Z bmoI§S>mMm dmna. ¶m àH$ënmMm {eanya d qeXIoS>m 2. A{hamUr ^mfobm OmJ{VH$ nmVirda ‘mݶVm {‘imdr.
Vmbw³¶mVrb 31 Jmdm§Zm bm^ hmoV Amho. qeXIoS>m Vmbw³¶mVrb gwbdmS>o 3. A{hamUr ^mfrH$ H$m¶©H«$‘ gaH$mar H$m¶©H«$‘mÛmao gmXarH$aU ìhmdo.
~°aoO àH$ënmg 1992 ‘ܶo àemg{H$¶ ‘mݶVm {‘imbr. 290.88 H$moQ>rn¡H$s 4. A{hamUr g§‘obZmg emgZ ‘mݶVm {‘imdr.
219.69 H$moQ>r én¶o IM© Pmbobm Amho. ˶m‘wio Ywio ehamMm nmʶmMm àíZ 5. VgoM emgH$s¶ AZwXmZ {‘imdo. ¶mà‘mUo AZoH$ {df¶m~m~V emgZmH$S>o
H$m¶‘ ñdénr gwQ>bm Amho. nÌì¶dhma gwé AmhoV. bdH$aM Amåhmbm ¶e ¶oB©b.
gwidmS>o ~°aoOMr gmR>dU j‘Vm 65.06 Xebj KZ‘rQ>a AgyZ 5) CÎma ‘hmamï´> Ob g§dY©Z n[afX - ImÝXoemV Vmnr, JraUm,
qgMZj‘Vm 8582 ho³Q>a Amho. {eanya Am¡pîUH$ {dÚwV H|$ÐgmR>r 14.38 nm§Pam, ‘mog‘ Aem drg ZÚm Amho. nmdgmù¶mV ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV nya ¶oVmo.
XebjKZ‘rQ>a, {nʶmgmR>r 17.27 Xebj KQ>‘rQ>a åhUOo 31.65 nU ¶m ZÚm§‘Yrb h¸$mMo nmU ImÝXoembm {‘iV Zmhr. ‘moR>r YaUo ZmhrV.
~§Ymao ~m§Ybr OmV Zmhr. nmUr AS>{dV Zmhr åhUyZ nmUr dmhÿZ g‘wÐmbm
Xebj KZ‘rQ>a nmUr Ama{jV Amho. Va Ho$di 760 ho³Q>a joÌmg
CngmqgMZ ¶moOZoÛmao qgMZmgmR>r nadmZJr {Xbr Amho. gwbdmS>o, Om‘’$i, {‘iV Amho.
H$Zmobr CngmqgMZm‘wio Om‘’$i YaU [aPpìh©Aa åhUyZ Cn¶moJmV ¶oB©b 'VwO Amho VwOnmer n[a Vy H$m Yw§S>r ‘Wwam H$mer' Aer JV
ImÝXoemMr Amho. ^anya nmUr Amho. nU ¶moOZm Zmhr. ˶m‘wio AZoH$ ^mJ
4) nmS>igao YaU ({ZåZ Vmnr g§H$ën) : 17.72 {Q>E‘gr gmR>dU j‘Vog XþîH$mir AgVmo. nmUr Zmhr Va {nHo$ hmoV Zmhr. XþîH$mi Amho, Jar~r Amho.
nmUr ZmhrVa CÚmoJ Y§Xo ZmhrV. amoOJma Zmhr. bmoH$à{V{ZYtMr BÀN>m Zmhr.
‘mݶVm hmoVr nU YaUmMr C§Mr H$‘r Ho$ë¶m‘wio 14 {Q>E‘gr gmR>dU j‘Vm
Amho Va qgMZ j‘Vm 43000 ho³Q>a Amho. nmS>igao YaUmMr C§Mr 2 ‘rQ>aZo ˶m§Zm Om~ {dMmabm OmV Zmhr. bmoH$m§‘ܶo {ZpîH«$¶Vm Amho. åhUyZ bmoH$m§‘ܶo
dmT>{dë¶mg A‘iZoagh 22 Jmdm§Mm nmʶmMm àíZ gwQw> eH$Vmo. 1998 ‘ܶo OZOmJaU hmoUo, ˶m§Zm à~moYZ H$aUo gmR>r hm CnH$‘ gwé Ho$bm Amho.
gwé Pmbob§ H$m‘ 25 dfm©Z§Vahr g§WJVrZo gwé Amho. ˶m‘wio àH$ënmMr bmoH$m§Mr Midi hr ‘moR>r VmJX AgUma Amho. CR> ‘Xm© OmJo ìhm.
H$m°ñQ> 5 hOma H$moQ>rhÿZ A{YH$ Pmbr Amho. ˶m‘wio ¶m àH$ënmMm g‘mdoe ImÝXoemMo h¸$mMo nmUr {‘i{dʶmgmR>r EH$Ì ¶m Am{U ImÝXoembm gwObm‘²
àYmZ‘§Ìr H¥$fr qgMZ ¶moOZoV Pmë¶mg H|$ÐmH$Sy>Zhr {ZYr CnbãY hmoB©b gw’$bm‘² ~Zdm. ¶mgmR>r Midi C^mamdr bmJob, YaUo H$amdr bmJVrb,
Am{U àH$ën ObXJVrZo nwU©Ëdmg ¶oB©b. nmS>igao YaUm‘wio A‘iZoa gaH$maMr AS>dUyH$ H$amdr bmJob, g§Kfm©Mr V¶mar R>odm. Am‘À¶m ‘§S>imÀ¶m
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YaUJm§d Vmbw³¶mVrb 123 Jmdm§Zm bm^ hmoB©b. XmoÝhr Q>ßno nwU© Pmë¶mg ¶m Zmhr. ImÝXoemV CÚmoJ ‘mJ©Xe©Z H|$Ð Zmhr. ImÝXoemVrb VéUm§Zm CÚmoJ
nargamMm H$m¶mnmbQ> hmoB©b. nmUrQ>§MmB© {‘Q>ob d XþîH$mi Q>iob. XoUmam ZoVm Zmhr. ˶m‘wio AmO AZoH$ VéU ~oH$ma AmhoV. Vo ‘wë¶mnmgyZ
5) gma§JIoS>m ~°aoO : gma§JIoS>m ~°aoO ehmXm Vmbw³¶mVrb gma§JIoS>m ¶oWo ^aH$Q>V AmhoV. ì¶gZr hmoV AmhoV. ZmoH$ar Zmhr. åhUyZ n¡gm Zmhr, n¡gm Zmhr
Vmnr ZXrdarb ~°aoO Amho. YaUmMr C§Mr 34.5 ‘r. (113 ’y$Q>) KZ‘rQ>a åhUyZ X¡Z§{XZ JaOm ^mJdy eH$V ZmhrV. åhUyZ ¶m d¡’$ë¶J«ñV VéUm§gmR>r hm
CnH«$‘ gwê$ Ho$bm Amho.
Amho. 26 bmoI§S>r XadmOo (15 ‘rQ>a x 11 ‘rQ>a) AmhoV. ehmXm
à˶oH$mg ˶m§À¶m j‘Vm, Hw$dV, nXdrà‘mUo ZmoH$ar CÚmoJ
Vmbw³¶mVrb 5 d qeXIoS>m Vmbw³¶mVrb 24 JmdmVrb 9742 ho³Q>a O‘rZ
XoUogmR>r ho ‘§S>i à¶ËZ H$aUma Amho. ˶mgmR>r à{ejU H|$Ð gwé H$aUma
qgMZmImbr Cngm qgMZ ¶moOZm§‘wio Ambr Amho. EHy$U 11519 ho³Q>a
AmhmoV. CÚmoJH|$Ð, H§$nZr ¶m§À¶mer Q>m¶An H$aUma AmhmoV. à˶oH$ ImÝXoer
O‘rZ qgMZmImbr ¶oB©b. ˶mMà‘mUo 3.57 Xebj KZ‘rQ>a KaJwVr
VéU hm ì¶mdgm{¶H$, CÚmoJr ìhmdm hoM Am‘Mo ܶo¶ Amho.
dmnamgmR>r 0.19 Xebj KZ‘rQ>a Am¡Úmo{JH$ dmnamgmR>r Ama{jV Amho.
boIH$ : E.Or. nmQ>rb (Amßnm)
àH$ën IM© 400 H$moQ>r AgyZ àH$ën 2009 ‘ܶo nwU©Ëdmg Ambobm Amho.
H$mofmܶj - CÎma ‘hmamï´> ImÝXoe {dH$mg ‘§S>i
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AgoV Va Vo emœVVobm YéZ Zmhr.
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C{Ôï²>¶o (Sustainable Development Goals) R>odbobr AmhoV. ˶mVbo
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nmQ>rb ¶m§Mo {deof AZ§V Am^ma. (g‘má)
boIH$ : ‘m.àmMm¶© S>m°. EM. E‘. nmQ>rb
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‘hm‘§S>i ñWmnZ Pmbo. ˶m A§VJ©V {ZåZ Vmnr àH$ën A§VJ©V nmS>igo YaU.
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Amho. ho gdª A{ha AmhoV. A{ha bmoH$ ~mobVmV Vr ^mfm A{hamUr.
^JdmZ lrH¥$îU ¶mZo Oamg§KmMm 15 doim ¶wÕmV nam^d Ho$bm.
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~igmZ, Z§XZ§ Z§XmZ, JmodY©Z déZ JmoY©Z. Hw§$O{dhma déZ Hw§$OIoS>m.
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hmoVm CÕd ¶m CÕd déZ CS>mZ, gw^ÐmZ ^XmZ§, g˶^m‘mZ gV‘mZ.
Am°JñQ>-2024
♦ 2008 ‘ܶo OiJmd {OëømVrb gd©M Am‘Xmam§Zm YaUmda ~mobdyZ MMm©
KS>dyZ AmUbr.
♦ ‘Yë¶m H$mimV 2009 nmgyZ 2014 n¶ªV YaUmÀ¶m H$m‘mV WmoS>r JVr
Ambobr {XgV hmoVr.
♦ 2014 ‘ܶo ^mOnmMo gaH$ma Ambo ˶mV Obg§nXm ‘§Ìr Zm.{Jare ‘hmOZ
ho Pmbo. ImZXoeÀ¶m eoVH$è¶m§À¶m Amemn„drV Pmë¶m. AmVm YaUmMo H$m‘
nyU© hmoB©bM. na§Vw Mma df© Zm. {Jare ‘hmOZ Obg§nXm ‘§Ìr ¶m§Zr gwÕm
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nwgbo.
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g{‘VrÀ¶m ZoV¥ËdmImbr hOmamo eoVH$è¶m§Zr àM§S> Agm ‘moMm© H$mT>bm A‘iZoa
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hmoVo.
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{Xbo. ˶m§Zr {Xboë¶m AmœmgZmMr H$moUVohr nyV©Vm Ho$bobr Zmhr
♦ emgZ {ZYr XoV Zmhr åhUyZ hOmamo eoVH$è¶m§Zr {X. 6/8/ 2018 amoOr
{^H$ ‘m§Jmo Am§XmobZ H$ê$Z Or {^H$ {‘imbr Vr emgZmbm nmR>dbr.
♦ {X.16/12/2018 amoOr Om‘Zoa ‘w¸$m‘r Zm. {Jare ‘hmOZ ¶m§Zm nmS>igo
YaU OZ H$m¶©H$˶mªZr à˶j ^oQ> KoVbr AgVm ˶m§Zr ñnï>nUo gm§{JVbo H$s,
8 {XdgmV H$m‘ Mmby hmoB©b na§Vw H$m‘ Mmby Pmbo Zmhr.
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g{‘VrÀ¶m AmdmhZmZwgma gmIir CnmofU Mmby Ho$bo. hOmamo eoVH$è¶m§Zr ¶mV
gh^mJ Zm|Xdbm OiJmd - Ywio {OëømVrb gd© bmoH$à{V{ZYtZr ^oQ>r
{Xë¶m gdmªZr AmœmgZo {Xbr na§Vw AmœmgZmMr nyV©Vm Ho$br Zmhr.
♦ {X. 2/3/2019 amoOr hOmamo eoVH$è¶m§Zr Oob ^amo Am§XmobZ Ho$bo.
♦ {X. 5/3/2019 amoOr g{‘VrÀ¶m H$m¶©H$˶mªZr {ZåZ Vmnr àH$ën
H$m¶©H$mar A{^¶§Vm ¶m§À¶m H$m¶m©b¶mV h„m~mob d ˶m§À¶m XmbZmV MMm©.
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A‘iZoabm ¶oD$Z 1500 H$moQ>r {ZYr XoʶmMr KmofUm Ho$br.na§Vw ˶m§Zrhr ghm
VmbwŠ¶mVrb eoVH$è¶m§À¶m Vm|S>mbm nmUr nwgbo.
♦ gaH$ma ~Xbë¶mda Zm. O¶§V nmQ>rb ho Obg§nXm ‘§Ìr AgVmZm 12
’o$~«wdmar 2021 amoOr ˶m§Zr hOmamo eoVH$è¶m§g‘moa KmofUm Ho$br H$s nmS>igo
YaUmMo H$m‘ ~§X nSy> {Xbo OmUma Zmhr d ˶m§ZrM ˶mdoiog eoVH$è¶m§Zm
nm§S>d, Y‘©Z§ Y‘mZ§, ^r‘Z§ ~m‘Z, AOw©ZZ§ OZyZ, ZHw$bZ§ ZH$mU,
ghXodZ§ g¢XmU. Ðm¡nXrZ§ Yyn.
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AmhoV. ¶mM ¶mXdm§À¶m nJS>çm ^mogbo KamʶmV dmnaë¶m Joë¶m AmhoV. H$maU
^mogbo KamUo gwÕm Xod{Jar àm§VmVrb doê$i ¶oWrb AmhoV.
The gazetteer of bombay presidency volume XII
khandesh district gazetteer (facsimile reproduction)
originally printed 1880 ¶m nwñVH$mVrb n{hë¶mM nmZm§da ImÝXoe
ZmdmMr CËnÎmr XoVmZm gm§{JVbo Amho H$s¨, ImÝXoe ¶m Zmdmer ImZmMm H$mhr
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krishna åhUOo H$mÝhXoe hr CËnÎmr XmI{dbr Amho. hr ‘m{hVr mr w
ramsay, c.s. Am{U mr j c whitcombe asstt surveyr
superintendent ¶m§Zr nwadboë¶m ‘mhrVda AmYmarV Amho.
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♦ nmS>igo YaU Am§XmobZ g{‘Vr
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