Title: Mastering the Art of Literature Review: Your Ultimate Guide

Welcome to our comprehensive guide on literature review tables. Crafting a literature review can be
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This is a new concept of recycling on site of waste generation that is used as resource to make useful
products (Zhong and Pearce 2018 ). This course was developed to test how a group of participants
from STEM disciplines, but with various academic backgrounds could perceive the fundamentals of
available 3D printing techniques and materials and their relative merits. As we all know that 3D
printing is going to be involved gradually in our everyday life. Zander NE, Gillan M, Burckhard Z,
Gardea F (2019) Recycled polypropylene blends as novel 3D printing materials. They found that the
mechanical strengths of the printed specimens were reduced because of the voids and pores, which
can be appeared as a result of printing methods and printing parameters. Extraction templates and
approaches should be determined by the needs of the specific review. In the coming time, most
everyday items will be able to be made according to their requirement in a short time with the help
of 3D printing. Chemical additives are used in concrete designed for extrusion and buildability
purposes. This approach was adopted in a review examining the effects of portion, package or
tableware size for changing selection and consumption of food, alcohol and tobacco (Hollands et al
2015). Providing information about conceptual limitations is also important for readers to judge the
quality of foundations of the research. Both FDM and DIW methods have been used for extruding
FGM materials. Develop a search strategy and locate studies This is where a reference librarian can
be particularly beneficial in assisting with the creation and execution of electronic searches. The
authors believe that the proposed construction system can be useful in remote places and hazardous
environments such as disaster areas, radiation and war zones. You might like to include on the data
extraction form a field for grading the quality of the study, see the Screening for quality page for
examples of some of the quality scales you might choose to apply. Cochrane Handbook for
Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.4 (updated August 2023). Degradation of polymers
The growing interest in 3D printing technology and simple operation of devices have contributed to
the popularity of low-budget printers, and many users can create their 3D structures at home
(Wojtyla et al. 2017 ). The market offers a wide range of filaments of various materials. A future
direction for AM of metals should be to produce parts made of multiple materials. J Polym Res 25.
Chong S, Pan GT, Khalid M et al (2017) Physical characterization and pre-assessment of recycled
high-density polyethylene as 3D printing material. The trends of 3D printing processes in CE are
very promising, as well as the development of novel materials, will gain further momentum. The
material should be extruded through the extruder heads in the first one, maintaining its form after
being deposited. Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.
Topological optimization is employed to propose new complex geometries which are easier to
fabricate by AM with weight gain while keeping a relatively high mechanical behavior. Shorter
polymer chains can effectively reorganize themselves into more ordered crystals. The system does not
require any additional equipment setup as gantry-based printer systems do. A significant
improvement of the mechanical properties of the recycled material was noted in the presence of an
additive in the form of biocarbon. The authors modified a RepRap Pro Ormerod 2 desktop 3D
printer to include a second printing head for the extrusion of pastes and inks. The build volumes of
these systems are generally larger than powder bed fusion. Relational databases (such as Microsoft
Access) can help you extract information from different categories like citation details,
demographics, participant selection, intervention, outcomes, etc. It uses a gantry enabling a 3D
printer to move along Cartesian coordinate x, y and z axes. The biggest problem is plastics made
from HDPE, LDPE, PP, and PVC, which are largely used by manufacturers and which are landfilled
with greenhouse gas emissions (Aboulkas et al. 2010 ). A much smaller global problem is PLA-
related waste, whose natural origin does not have such a strong impact on the environment.
Participants were exposed a variety of 3D printers and post-processing tools, as well as they had an
opportunity to investigate a 3D laser scanner. We describe printing work in three general categories:
(i) solid support structures for paper microfluidic device components; (ii) channel barrier definition in
existing porous materials; and (iii) porous channels for capillary flow, and discuss their value in
advancing paper microfluidic device development. Making testable analogs of natural phenomena
for the geoscience researchers is critical and can be achieved through acquiring CAD modeling skills
in this course. For research paper writing step by step and methodical approach needs to be followed.
This collaborative learning approach demonstrated that expertise from students with different
backgrounds could contribute to the cognitive process. Unfortunately, so far there is not much
information about the mechanical properties of recycled filaments. Determining the impact of
recycling on the properties of polymers used for 3D printing is an important issue. Templates for SRs
This link is to best practice examples from Cochrane on how to write about your searches in a
Cochrane review. In qualitative reviews (reviews synthesising results of qualitative studies), this
information is beneficial for readers to recognise the underlying philosophical and paradigmatic
stance of the authors of the included articles. Conflict of Interest The authors declare that the
research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be
construed as a potential conflict of interest. PET and PLA filaments are made from waste food
containers and bottles, ABS filaments originate from car dashboards, and HIPS from refrigerators or
automotive parts. Miranda Fateri An increasing amount of popular articles focus on making models
and sculptures by 3D Printing thus making more and more even private users aware of this
technology. Each of these articles was classified by means of 9 categories: study types, affiliation,
approach, origin of the study, geographic scope, unit of analysis, scope, benefits and negative points.
Tymrak BM, Kreiger M, Pearce JM (2014) Mechanical properties of components fabricated with
open-source 3-D printers under realistic environmental conditions. The printed materials were
mechanically characterized in tension and were modeled by composite laminate theory. The prepared
filament is inserted into the 3D printer. Zhao XG, Hwang KJ, Lee D, Kim T, Kim N (2018b)
Enhanced mechanical properties of self-polymerized polydopamine-coated recycled PLA filament
used in 3D printing. Zhong S, Pearce JM (2018) Tightening the loop on the circular economy:
coupled distributed recycling and manufacturing with recyclebot and RepRap 3-D printing. To
overcome this problem, it is possible to coat the recycled polymer filament with a polydopamine
(PDA). The idea is that consumer can produce goods directly from his own used materials. The
instructors observed that despite the differences in age and academic background, the participants
communicated with each other in a friendly manner. Often this is caused by a very technical point of
view based on not very representative examples. The tensile strength and tensile strain at break were
found to be slightly diminished as compared with the tensile stress at break. Unlike previously
discussed commercial printers, the hardware and software architectures of MultiFab are extensible
and reconfigurable. Annual global production accounts for over 320 million Mg, and it is estimated
to reach 850 million Mg by the year 2050 (Zhong and Pearce 2018 ). The PBF process for polymers
includes the following common printing techniques: electron beam melting (EBM), selective heat
sintering (SHS), selective laser melting (SLM), and selective laser sintering (SLS). Three examples of
a data extraction form are below: Data Extraction Form Example (suitable for small-scale literature
review of a few dozen studies) This example was used to gather data for a poster reporting a
literature review of studies of interventions to increase Emergency Department throughput. The
change of the physical properties of the polymer significantly influences the obtaining of high-quality
extrusion products. Resolution of 3D printers determines the accuracy of internal and external
features of 3D-printed models and hence affects the repeatability of the digital design in different
materials ( Figure 2 ). Participants would also asked to have more group activities to share the
knowledge learnt, which confirmed that this intentional split into mixed groups worked well for
leaning the unknown concepts.
What structural style does this literature review template use. Nonetheless, 97% of all participants
responded that the course would be recommended to others ( Figure 4B ). Building an Evidence
Table The Basics: A standard evidence table has 10 columns. Cochrane Database of Systematic
Reviews 2015; 9: CD011045. A manual or guide may help your team establish standards. Their
printed piezoelectric sensors successfully worked and the produced voltage was linearly proportional
to the applied strain. It is the distinction between copying and pasting some text, or retyping it. The
printing is done layer by layer (Additive manufacturing) using plastic, metal, nylon, and over a
hundred other materials. 3D printing has been found to be useful in sectors such as manufacturing,
industrial design, jewellery, footwear, architecture, engineering and construction, automotive,
aerospace, dental and medical industries, education, geographic information systems, civil
engineering, and many others. Pre-specified methods to deal with the multiplicity can then be
implemented (see Table 9.3.c for examples of approaches for dealing with multiplicity). We provide
a walkthrough of the template and review an example of a high-quality literature research chapter
here. Editing a template requires much less time than formatting some thing from scratch. You send
regular project updates to investors or clients. For example, it is a common method to use one
extruder to print dissolvable supports that can be easily removed from the main printed structure, or
use them to print in two colors, or two materials that will be present in the end print (see Figure 3 a ).
Powder feed and wire feed systems are two major subcategories of DED. It also indicates the future
research direction of 3D printing in various constriction sectors. These 3D-printed models help
organizing a full description, classification, and preservation of geologic specimens. This is an
innovative approach and a solution to the problem with a limited amount of material reuse. To
browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to
upgrade your browser. Recycling scheme for 3D printing materials Conclusions Plastics are not
susceptible to biodegradation and their decomposition causes additional contamination of the
environment. In conclusion, narrative or systematic reviews are almost always conducted as a part of
any educational project (thesis or dissertation) or academic or clinical research. Tip 3: write
conceptual contribution of each reviewed article While reading and evaluating review papers, we
have observed that many review authors only provide core results of the article included in a review
and do not explain the conceptual contribution offered by the included article. You also have the
option to opt-out of these cookies. It is achieved using Additive Process, where an object is created
by laying down successive layers of material until the entire object is created.3D printing could
revolutionize and reshape the world. The full version of the e-book was available for participants a
day before the course. Landfill space is limited and the amount of plastic stored is growing rapidly
every year. At the end of this exercise, participants were able to export their model of choice for 3D
printing and receive at the end of the course. A combination of the three previous characteristics
affects the repeatability of a digital design 3D-printed in multiple copies. Another technological
advancement, namely, the DT, helps to integrate digital data in real-time applications. At first, the
transportation of construction materials to the space is extremely high-priced. Most commonly this is
the statistical combination of results from two or more separate studies (henceforth referred to as
meta-analysis) of effect estimates.
Moreover, with technological advancement and novel material innovation, the application of AM in
AC will become widespread in the near future. Moreover, the printing size is limited and printed
buildings have lower mechanical properties than traditional buildings ( Holt et al., 2019; Le et al.,
2012; Strauss, 2013; Feng et al., 2015 ). Feng et al. (2015) and Le et al. (2012) studied the
mechanical properties of the 3D printed concrete elements. In the extrusion process, additive
chemicals and minerals play an important role. The commonly used information may include authors,
purpose, methods, key results and quality scores. Discuss any discrepancies in coding throughout the
process. You should also, of course, be guided by what's actually present in the material your
research turns up. Often this is caused by a very technical point of view based on not very
representative examples. Another issue that affect the production efficiency is the complex post
processing methods. Op zondag 3 maart nodigen wij jou uit om ons hele assortiment van stockfietsen
te. We also provide examples from our published reviews to illustrate how useful literature summary
tables can be developed and what sort of information should be provided. By applying a
simultaneous illumination with changeable intensity distribution over a large area, different
polymeric powders deposited next to each other within a layer can be transferred simultaneously
from a solid into a molten form. Tabulation of extracted data from studies allows assessment of the
number of studies contributing to a particular meta-analysis, and helps determine what other
statistical synthesis methods might be used if meta-analysis is not possible. It was printed in
Shanghai by WinSun Company in 17?days. This allowed for arranging materials in any distribution
and rapidly evaluating the distribution behavior. Tip 2: include strengths and limitations for each
article Critical appraisal of individual articles included in a review is crucial for increasing the rigour
of the review. This chart and set of instructions will help you break down the assignment into
manageable parts. Tian X, Liu T, Wang Q, Dilmurat A, Li D, Ziegmann G (2017) Recycling and
remanufacturing of 3D printed continuous carbon fiber reinforced PLA composites. Elo’s result
2023: Return on investment increased to 6 per cent and cost effi. The results table mostly contains
outcomes, outcome measures, study results, etc. Their prototype is a retrofitted industrial SLS printer
in which they have integrated their patterning drums (see Figure 14 ). Social activity Search articles
by author, advertisements. It was noted by the participants that course materials, such as e-booklet
and slides with instructions, helped them digesting technical information in a cohesive way. These
impurities are removed during conversion, after preliminary shredding. Since there are multiple types
of reviews (eg, systematic, integrative, scoping, critical and mixed methods) with distinct purposes
and techniques, 2 there could be various approaches for developing literature summary tables making
it a complex task specialty for the novice researchers or reviewers. The process used to undertake
these steps is rarely described in reviews, yet can require many subjective decisions about the nature
and similarity of the PICO elements of the included studies. Biographies Mohammad Rafiee
received his Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Ottawa in 2018. Find
existing reviews on your topic to inform the development of your research question, identify gaps,
and confirm that you are not duplicating the efforts of previous reviews. Hughes RG, editor. Patient
Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses. Printable filaments can be made
from a variety of thermoplastic materials, including those from recycling. Reviewers can use fillable
forms to collect and code data reported in the studies included in the review, the data can then be
uploaded to analytical computer software such as Excel or SPSS for statistical analysis.
Ultimately, it affects the generation of novel review findings. The instructors observed that despite
the differences in age and academic background, the participants communicated with each other in a
friendly manner. Building a summary table and developing solid synthesis skills is important for
nurses, nurse practitioners, and allied health researchers. According to Beltran et al., the increment of
crystallinity and the number and average size of pinholes in twice recycled PLA filament do not
result from repeated extrusion but rather from 3D printing. They found that the mechanical strengths
of the printed specimens were reduced because of the voids and pores, which can be appeared as a
result of printing methods and printing parameters. Zhao P, Rao C, Gu F, Sharmin N, Fu J (2018a)
Close-looped recycling of polylactic acid used in 3D printing: An experimental investigation and life
cycle assessment. The impacts of cementitious material, water to cement ratio, fiber content quantity
and chemical admixture on interlayer adhesion were investigated. Determining the impact of
recycling on the properties of polymers used for 3D printing is an important issue. On the other hand,
not all participants found the e-book visually appealing and suggested adding pseudo 3D cartoons
that would visually simplify and outline different 3D printing processes (20 positive responses out of
33 responses in total; Figure 6 ). Degradation of plastics lasts from 10 to 450 years. Its aim is to
transform PET bottles into an ecological rPET filament that can be successfully used in 3D printing.
Download citation Received: 14 April 2020 Accepted: 26 August 2020 Published: 04 September
2020 Issue Date: March 2021 DOI: Share this article Anyone you share the following link with will
be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. You
could devise a simpler one page data extraction form for a more simple literature review. The number
is up to you; again, you can alter this table by adding or deleting columns to match what you're
actually looking for in your analysis. Literature was retrieved through the Science Citation Index-
Expanded and Social. It is expected that by 2021 it will see over 23% market growth comparing to
2016, reaching over 10 mld USD (Shah et al. 2019 ). 3D printing is a relatively new technology that
has become very popular in the last few years. A research paper is a common form of academic
writing. Another approach—distributed recycling—that relies on recycling of consumer’s own
wastes by upcycling plastic wastes into filament of 3D printing in recyclebot is more environmentally
friendly. Reviewers can use fillable forms to collect and code data reported in the studies included in
the review, the data can then be uploaded to analytical computer software such as Excel or SPSS for
statistical analysis. This template is for the write-up of the actual literature review chapter, whereas
the catalog is for use during the literature sourcing and sorting phase. The authors also found that the
printing accuracy of a material jetting system mainly affected by the accuracy of the printer
machinery (such as droplet size and print heat positioning), material property such as shrinkage, and
the size and structure of product. This work shows that a concrete mixture using conventional
materials can be suitable for material extrusion in AC. The last section was evaluated using Likert
scale out of 5, where a higher value is a more positive response. A large research paper assignment
can be scary and intimidating. A critical review of 3D printing and digital manufacturing in The
company developed its 3D printer with a printing size of 2.2 ? 2.2 ? 3.5 m to print polymer block,
weighing 180 kg (Wu et al., 2016). 2.3 Metallic materials. 3D printing with metal materials has
already been used in many industries, such as aerospace, oil and gas, automotive and energy
industries (Duda and Raghavan, 2016). Text boxes can help brainstorm and organize a paper on any
topic. Module 1 included a lecture on the history of “rapid prototyping” and how 3D printing
evolved as a tool for engineering industries. Manufacturers have already taken up this challenge and
there are such filaments available on the market. Advances in 3D printing technology can
significantly change and improve the manufacturing world with effects on energy use, waste
reduction, customization, product availability, medicine, art, construction and science. You can
always check our plagiarism score before submitting your work to help ease your mind.
Ragaert K, Delva L, Van Geem K (2017) Mechanical and chemical recycling of solid plastic waste.
It is widely used across the world owing to its variety of applications in various sectors. Extraction
templates and approaches should be determined by the needs of the specific review. The prepared
mixture is introduced into a screw extruder. They represent two different parts of the review process:
assembling relevant information and synthesizing it. A basic check is to ensure the same qualitative
findings (e.g. direction of effect and statistical significance) between the data as presented in the
review and the data as available from the original study. Yes, you’re welcome to get in touch with us
to discuss our private coaching services, where we can help you work through the literature review
chapter (and any other chapters). 158 COMMENTS Chapter 14: Completing 'Summary of findings'
tables and grading the Planning for the 'Summary of findings' table starts early in the systematic
review, with the selection of the outcomes to be included in: (i) the review; and (ii) the 'Summary of
findings' table. The material used for the printing determines the quality of the model. Nevertheless,
in the late 1990s, the first proposed studies of 3D printing in construction were appeared ( Pegna,
1997 ). Step 1: Complete Pre-Review Tasks Step 2: Develop a Protocol Step 3: Conduct Literature
Searches Step 4: Manage Citations Step 5: Screen Citations Step 6: Assess Quality of Included
Studies About Step 7: Extract Data from Included Studies About data extraction, select a data
extraction tool, what should i extract, helpful tip- data extraction. It is also based on the extrusion
system of the concrete; however, it has a smaller resolution and better control of geometries than the
CC type of AC. In addition, participants explored the application of 3D printing in a technical
communication. The best results were achieved for filaments made of harakeke fibbers (30 wt.;
tensile strength 39 MPa, Young modulus 2.8 GPa). On the other hand, those materials have tendency
to reduce their properties during printing processes (Stoof and Pickering 2018 ). It causes difficulties
and requires more production areas and more labor for the construction than many other AC systems
( Wang, 2015 ). All instructions on how to complete each module were organized in a digital e-book
(pdf). TABLE 1. A brief description of topics covered in each module of the short course. Out of
these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential
for the working of basic functionalities of the website. In addition, the changes in the mechanical
properties over time with hydration have been explained ( Ur Rehman and Sglavo, 2021 ). The main
exceptional feature of the system is that it does not require printing support structures because the
powder that is not glued performs as support to the printing structure ( Perkins and Skitmore, 2015 ).
As a result of this study, it was shown that the prepared material is applicable in 3D printing and
printed objects had good geometrical accuracy and sufficient strengths. Research beyond the internet
and your paper will stand out. Recycling scheme for 3D printing materials Conclusions Plastics are
not susceptible to biodegradation and their decomposition causes additional contamination of the
environment. Responses in section 4 were registered using the following scheme: not enough,
adequate, too much, no opinion. The system does not require any additional equipment setup as
gantry-based printer systems do. Since its inception (2013), the organization has recovered and
recycled 6.25 million kilograms of plastics from sea water, including nearly 500 million 0.5-L bottles,
more than 1.5 billion coffee cup lids, and over 500 billion plastic straws. Tabulating study
characteristics can help to explore and compare PICO elements across studies, and is particularly
important for reviews that are broad in scope, have diversity across one or more PICO elements, or
include large numbers of studies. The PICO for each synthesis (also planned at the protocol stage)
defines the question that the specific synthesis aims to answer, determining how the synthesis will be
structured, specifying planned comparisons (including intervention and comparator groups, any
grouping of outcome and population subgroups). Train the review team on the extraction categories
and what type of data would be expected. Cruz F, Lanza S, Boudaoud H, Hoppe S, Camargo M
(2015) Polymer recycling and additive manufacturing in an open source context: optimization of
processes and methods. This short course demonstrated that diverse groups were able to assimilate,
apply, and describe new knowledge more effectively, including collaborative and individual learning.
A composite strand was printed with hinges comprised of nine SMPs for shape recovery process
sequentially.