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Sub: Soil investigation for the proposed Utility Block / Block C at Taramani, Chennai
With reference to the above, the field investigations are in progress. Based on the field and laboratory
tests, the soil profile of Utility Block (bh1 to bh7) along with recommendation for the structure at these
borehole is enclosed herewith.
The site for the proposed project is situated within the existing premises of M/s.DLF at
Taramani, Chennai.
As per the client’s information, the proposed project Utility Block / Block C comprising of a
ground floor and four upper floors without/with 3 basements.
Ground water was encountered between 1.4 and 3.2m depth in the boreholes during the period
of field investigations.
Weather was clear during field investigations which was carried out in the month of April 2021.
Site for the proposed project is situated in Taramani, Chennai which falls under Seismic Zone
III as per IS 1893 (Part 1) - 2016.
Latitude : 12<98'
Longitude : 80<24'
7.0 Recommendations:
The type of foundation depends upon the loading intensity at the foundation level and
configuration at loading points.
As per the client’s information, the proposed project is a Block C (Utility Block) comprising of
ground floor and four upper floors without/with triple basement.
Contd....
/2/
Considering the proposed structure and soil profile, Isolated/strip Or Raft foundations can be
adopted if triple basements are provided. If basements are less than 3 (i,e 2 basements or less);
then pile foundation may be adopted.
Isolated/Strip or Raft
The recommended gross allowable bearing pressure that can be adopted at RL 88m is 63.5t/m²
(Net allowable bearing pressure of 45t/m² + overburder pressure of 18.5t/m²).
9.0 Structure with less than Triple Basements (i,e 2 basements or less)
The piles can be terminated after embedding the pile in refusal strata (weathered rock) by atleast
4 times the diameter of pile. As seen from the soil profile refusal strata was encountered between
5-10m depth from the existing ground level (i,e between RL 92.210m to 89.660m). The effective
length of pile will be vary depending on the level at which the bottom of structure is placed.
The load carrying capacity for various diameter piles are given below:
Sample calculation for load carrying capacity of piles are given in Appendix A.
Contd....
/3/
10.0 Note
1. The excavated soil cannot be used for backfilling purposes as the soil is predominantly
medium swelling type.
2. After the excavation, If loose pockets of weathered rock are encountered they may be
backfilled with lean concrete and the foundations can be subsequently be placed.
3. The raft should be adequately stiffened with sufficient reinforcement both at top and
bottom so that the anticipated seasonal movement can be satisfactorily sustained without
distress.
4. Stiff tie beams connecting the columns in both directions may be provided which will
render additional rigidity to the structure.
5. Considering the depth of excavation for the cellars/basements the open excavations can
be done with a slope of 1:2. Alternatively, the excavations need to be supported in such
a way that the adjoining structures if any do not experience distress. This can be done by
providing sheet piles using horizontal struts or wherever the excavated area is large these
struts could also be inclined. In any event, the whole systems should be rigid enough to
support the adjacent structures. In case reusable steel sheet piles are used; after the
construction is over and when the sheet piles are extracted the gap left behind them will
lead to the distress in the adjacent structures. Hence, it is advisable to use cast-in-situ RC
diaphragm walls all round the boundary and make it a composite part of the structure.
6. Presently, water table has been encountered between 3.50m and 4.0m from the existing
ground level. The water table in the plot may be lowered by pumping out the water and
discharging it at least 100-150m away from the site so that it does not percolate into the
area. Sudden heavy de-watering can disturb the soil under the foundations of the
neighbouring buildings if any. Thus care will have to be exercised to see that the de-
watering is done slowly and continuously. The soil and structures on the periphery may
be continuously observed for any adverse effects of de-watering and take remedial
measures wherever required.
7. It is suggested the load capacity of the pile be confirmed by a load test.
8. After reaching the required depth, 15cm thick layer of gravel should be placed and
compacted at the bottom so that the slush formed at the bottom is diminished. The
bentonite being used during piling should be as per IS 2911.
recipient and on receipt of this letter the content shall be deemed to be read and understood by the recipient .
Appendix A
Typical calculations for the pile capacity has been given hereunder for a pile of diameter 60cm. For
piles of other diameters, a similar procedure has been used to arrive at the recommended pile
capacities.
As per IS 2911 (Part 1/sec 2):2010, the following calculation can be used for the pile capacity
Qa = Cu1Nc.BB2/4Fs + "cu2.BBL/Fs
Where, Qa = The allowable load on the pile in kN
Cu1 = shear strength of rock below the base of the pile, in kN/m² =
800kN/m²
Nc = bearing capacity factor taken as 9;
Fs = factor of safety usually taken as 3;
" = 0.9 (recommended value);
cu2 = average shear strength of rock in the socketed length of pile, in kN/m²
= 800kN/m²
B = minimum width of pile shaft (diameter in case of circular piles), in m =
0.5m
L = socket length of pile, in m = 4 x 0.6 = 2.4m.
UPLIFT CAPACITY
Frictional resistance is 108.57t
Uplift Capacity = 108.57t.
Therefor adopt Uplift Capacity = 105t
LATERAL PILE LOAD CAPACITY
A.1 Methodology
A.1.1 A typical calculation for the lateral pile load capacity has been given hereunder for a pile of
diameter ‘d’ = 60cm = 600mm.
A.1.2 For determining the lateral pile load capacity, the depth of fixity of the piles or in other words,
the equivalent cantilever length of the pile, has to be first determined. The depth of fixity is
determined based on the modulus of horizontal subgrade reaction 0h value which in turn is
considered based on the relative density of the soil as observed in the boreholes conducted, as
per table 3 of appendix C of the BIS code IS:2911.
A.1.3 For evaluation of the modulus of horizontal subgrade reaction, the soil along the top length of
the pile has been considered on an average to be in a loose state based on the range of N-values
recorded within this length/depth.
A.1.4 The lateral pile load capacity is then determined as the horizontal force required for causing the
allowable horizontal deflection of the pile head when considering the pile as a cantilever.
A.1.5 For calculation purposes, the concrete of pile has been considered to be of M25 grade.
A.1.6 For the determination of the lateral pile load capacity, the allowable horizontal deflection of the
pile head has been considered as 5mm based on the provisions of clause 7.4 of BIS code IS:2911
(Part4) - 1985.
A.2 Evaluation of Depth of Fixity
A.2.1 Considering that the soil in the top length of the pile is on an average in a loose state, the
modulus of horizontal subgrade reaction can be taken as 0.02kg/cm3 applicable for submerged
conditions (as ground water table is at a shallow depth), as per table 3 of appendix C of the BIS
code IS:2911.
A.2.2 The stiffness factor is calculated using the following formula:
T = 5% (E . I /0h)
Where E is the elastic modulus and I is the moment of inertia of the pile section that has to be
determined by taking into account the flexural rigidity provided by the concrete.
E = 5000 ⋅ f ck
-2
1
U BH 3
1 Grey
96 2
-3
Clayey (37%)
-3 U
1 Silty (35%)
1 Sand (28%)
U -4 -2
2 3
94 -4 2 U
U 1
2 Refusal Strata
-4
-2 (Grey Weathered Rock -
-5 Charnockites Based)
4% NIL
92 U
3 RQD – Nil
->100 -7 2 Core recovery - (4%)
-3
(30/Nil) ->100
Nil Nil (74/25cm)
90 ->100 8% Nil 2 - 1 st undisturbed sample in
->100 (35/Nil) U
1 Borehole No. 2
(30/Nil) Nil Nil
4% Nil
->100 12% Nil
88 (30/Nil) E.G.L : Existing Ground level
9% Nil 8% Nil
13% Nil
15% Nil
20%
84 Nil
20% Nil
22% 8%
Depth (m)
82
30% 9%
80 31% 10%
35% 12%
78
38% 11%
76
40% 10%
74
37% 9%
72 39% 11%
29% 12%
70
36% 15%
68 24% 14%
33% 16%
66
64
23% 7%
16% Nil
12% Nil
22% Nil
84 25% 10%
20% Nil 21% Nil
Depth (m)
82
80
KEY
78
Grey/brownish grey Refusal Strata
Grey
Sandy (14-19%) (Grey Weathered Rock -
Clayey (26-29%)
Silty (30-35%) Charnockites Based)
76 Clay (46-56%)
Silty (32%) 4% NIL
RQD – Nil
Sand (39-42%)
Core recovery - (4%)
74
70
68
66
64
(%)
Gravel
(%)
Sand
(%)
Silt
(%)
Clay
(%)
Liquid
(%)
Plastic
(g/cm3)
Density
Cont (%)
Type
(kg/cm2)
c
(O)
N
Water
*
0.0 Ground level (RL - 98.454m)
Sample slipped
2.0 Grey sandy silty clay
(30/Nil)
(%)
Gravel
(%)
Sand
(%)
Silt
(%)
Clay
(%)
Liquid
(%)
Plastic
(g/cm3)
Density
Cont (%)
Type
(kg/cm2)
c
(O)
N
Water
*
>100 8.5 Grey Weathered Rock (Charnockite Based)
(30/Nil) (Core recovery -Nil; RQD - Nil)
10.0 Grey Weathered Rock (Charnockite Based)
PL 443kg/cm² Water absorption 0.10%
(Core recovery -4%; RQD - Nil)
11.5 Grey Weathered Rock (Charnockite Based)
(Core recovery -9%; RQD - Nil) PL 524kg/cm² Water absorption 0.08%
13.5 Grey Weathered Rock (Charnockite Based) PL 605kg/cm² Water absorption 0.07%
(Core recovery -10%; RQD - Nil)
14.5 Grey Weathered Rock (Charnockite Based)
(Core recovery -15%; RQD - Nil) PL 645kg/cm² Water absorption 0.07%
15.5 Grey Weathered Rock (Charnockite Based) PL 685kg/cm² Water absorption 0.06%
(Core recovery -20%; RQD - Nil)
*-Natural Bulk Density # -N Values (Observed)
G(C)9567
1A
Project: Proposed Block C (3 Down Town) at Taramani, Chennai
SOIL PROFILE
B.H. Location: Water Table: 3.0m Term. Depth : 12.5m B.H. No. : 2
N - Value# Atterberg In-situ Triaxial Test
Grain Size Analysis
Depth (m)
Limits properties
Soil Description
(%)
Gravel
(%)
Sand
(%)
Silt
(%)
Clay
(%)
Liquid
(%)
Plastic
(g/cm3)
Density
Cont (%)
Type
(kg/cm2)
c
(O)
N
Water
*
0.0 Ground level (RL - 97.526m)
Sample slipped
2.0 Grey sandy silty clay
(Charnockites Based)
2
Project: Proposed Block C (3 Down Town) at Taramani, Chennai
SOIL PROFILE
B.H. Location: Water Table: 3.0m Term. Depth : 12.5m B.H. No. : 2
N - Value# Atterberg In-situ Triaxial Test
Grain Size Analysis
Depth (m)
Limits properties
Soil Description
(%)
Gravel
(%)
Sand
(%)
Silt
(%)
Clay
(%)
Liquid
(%)
Plastic
(g/cm3)
Density
Cont (%)
Type
(kg/cm2)
c
(O)
N
Water
*
>100 9.0 Grey Weathered Rock (Charnockite Based)
(30/Nil) (Core recovery -Nil; RQD - Nil)
10.5 Grey Weathered Rock (Charnockite Based)
PL 605kg/cm² Water absorption 0.09%
(Core recovery -8%; RQD - Nil)
Grey Weathered Rock (Charnockite Based)
12.5 (Core recovery -13%; RQD - Nil) PL 685kg/cm² Water absorption 0.07%
(%)
Gravel
(%)
Sand
(%)
Silt
(%)
Clay
(%)
Liquid
(%)
Plastic
(g/cm3)
Density
Cont (%)
Type
(kg/cm2)
c
(O)
N
Water
*
0.0 Ground level (RL - 95.888m)
(%)
Gravel
(%)
Sand
(%)
Silt
(%)
Clay
(%)
Liquid
(%)
Plastic
(g/cm3)
Density
Cont (%)
Type
(kg/cm2)
c
(O)
N
Water
*
9.5 Grey Weathered Rock (Charnockite Based)
(Core recovery -13%; RQD - Nil) PL 524kg/cm² Water absorption 0.08%
11.0 Grey Weathered Rock (Charnockite Based)
(Core recovery -15; RQD - Nil) PL 685kg/cm² Water absorption 0.07%
Grey Weathered Rock (Charnockite Based)
12.5 (Core recovery -20%; RQD - Nil)
PL 806kg/cm² Water absorption 0.07%
14.0 Grey Weathered Rock (Charnockite Based) PL 806kg/cm² CS 816kg/cm² Water absorption 0.05%
(Core recovery -22%; RQD - Nil)
15.5 Grey Weathered Rock (Charnockite Based)
(Core recovery -30%; RQD - Nil) PL 927kg/cm² CS 929kg/cm² Water absorption 0.06%
(Core recovery -40%; RQD - Nil) PL 1048kg/cm² CS 1043kg/cm² Water absorption 0.05%
(%)
Gravel
(%)
Sand
(%)
Silt
(%)
Clay
(%)
Liquid
(%)
Plastic
(g/cm3)
Density
Cont (%)
Type
(kg/cm2)
c
(O)
N
Water
*
23.0 Grey Weathered Rock (Charnockite Based) PL 1129kg/cm² CS 1088kg/cm² Water absorption 0.05%
(Core recovery -37%; RQD - 9%)
24.5 Grey Weathered Rock (Charnockite Based) PL 1169kg/cm² CS 1001kg/cm² Water absorption 0.04%
(Core recovery -39%; RQD - 11%)
Grey Weathered Rock (Charnockite Based)
26.0 (Core recovery -29%; RQD - 12%) PL 968kg/cm² CS 975kg/cm² Water absorption 0.06%
27.5 Grey Weathered Rock (Charnockite Based) PL 1250kg/cm² CS 1156kg/cm² Water absorption 0.04%
(Core recovery -36%; RQD - 15%)
29.0 Grey Weathered Rock (Charnockite Based)
(Core recovery -24%; RQD - 14%) PL 927kg/cm² CS 997kg/cm² Water absorption 0.04%
(%)
Gravel
(%)
Sand
(%)
Silt
(%)
Clay
(%)
Liquid
(%)
Plastic
(g/cm3)
Density
Cont (%)
Type
(kg/cm2)
c
(O)
N
Water
*
0.0 Ground level (RL - 97.211m)
(30/Nil)
(Core recovery -Nil%; RQD - Nil)
>100 8.0 Grey Weathered Rock (Charnockite Based) D - 42
(30/Nil) (Core recovery -Nil%; RQD - Nil)
4
Project: Proposed Block C (3 Down Town) at Taramani, Chennai
SOIL PROFILE
B.H. Location: Water Table: 3.60m Term. Depth : 14.5m B.H. No. : 4
N - Value# Atterberg In-situ Triaxial Test
Grain Size Analysis
Depth (m)
Limits properties
Soil Description
(%)
Gravel
(%)
Sand
(%)
Silt
(%)
Clay
(%)
Liquid
(%)
Plastic
(g/cm3)
Density
Cont (%)
Type
(kg/cm2)
c
(O)
N
Water
*
9.0 Grey Weathered Rock (Charnockite Based) PL 443kg/cm² Water absorption 0.08%
(Core recovery -8%; RQD - Nil)
11.0 Grey Weathered Rock (Charnockite Based) PL 484kg/cm² Water absorption 0.09%
(Core recovery -19%; RQD - Nil%)
12.5 Grey Weathered Rock (Charnockite Based)
(Core recovery -23%; RQD - 7%) PL 645kg/cm² CS 645kg/cm² Water absorption 0.08%
14.5 Grey Weathered Rock (Charnockite Based) PL 726kg/cm² CS 726kg/cm² Water absorption 0.07%
(Core recovery -25%; RQD - 10%)
*-Natural Bulk Density # -N Values (Observed)
G(C)9567
4A
Project: Proposed Block C (3 Down Town) at Taramani, Chennai
SOIL PROFILE
B.H. Location: Water Table: 1.5m Term. Depth : 15.5m B.H. No. : 5
N - Value# Atterberg In-situ Triaxial Test
Grain Size Analysis
Depth (m)
Limits properties
Soil Description
(%)
Gravel
(%)
Sand
(%)
Silt
(%)
Clay
(%)
Liquid
(%)
Plastic
(g/cm3)
Density
Cont (%)
Type
(kg/cm2)
c
(O)
N
Water
*
0.0 Ground level (RL - 98.660m)
(%)
Gravel
(%)
Sand
(%)
Silt
(%)
Clay
(%)
Liquid
(%)
Plastic
(g/cm3)
Density
Cont (%)
Type
(kg/cm2)
c
(O)
N
Water
*
>100 9.0 Grey Weathered Rock (Charnockite Based) D - 40
(50/8cm) (Core recovery -Nil%; RQD - Nil)
10.5 Grey Weathered Rock (Charnockite Based)
(Core recovery -11%; RQD - Nil PL 443kg/cm² Water absorption 0.10%
14.0 Grey Weathered Rock (Charnockite Based) PL 564kg/cm² CS 645kg/cm² Water absorption 0.07%
(Core recovery -20%; RQD - Nil)
15.5 Grey Weathered Rock (Charnockite Based) PL 645kg/cm² CS 726kg/cm² Water absorption 0.06%
(Core recovery -20%; RQD - Nil)
(%)
Gravel
(%)
Sand
(%)
Silt
(%)
Clay
(%)
Liquid
(%)
Plastic
(g/cm3)
Density
Cont (%)
Type
(kg/cm2)
c
(O)
N
Water
*
0.0 Ground level (RL - 98.678m)
(%)
Gravel
(%)
Sand
(%)
Silt
(%)
Clay
(%)
Liquid
(%)
Plastic
(g/cm3)
Density
Cont (%)
Type
(kg/cm2)
c
(O)
N
Water
*
>100 9.0 Grey Weathered Rock (Charnockite Based) D - 41
(45/7cm) (Core recovery -Nil%; RQD - Nil)
>100 10.5 Grey Weathered Rock (Charnockite Based)
(30/Nil)
(Core recovery -Nil%; RQD - Nil
12.0 Grey Weathered Rock (Charnockite Based)
(Core recovery -10%; RQD - Nil) PL 524kg/cm² Water absorption 0.09%
13.5 Grey Weathered Rock (Charnockite Based) PL 605kg/cm² CS 632kg/cm² Water absorption 0.08%
(Core recovery -18%; RQD - 8%)
15.8 Grey Weathered Rock (Charnockite Based) PL 685kg/cm² CS 724kg/cm² Water absorption 0.06%
(Core recovery -22%; RQD - 11%)
(%)
Gravel
(%)
Sand
(%)
Silt
(%)
Clay
(%)
Liquid
(%)
Plastic
(g/cm3)
Density
Cont (%)
Type
(kg/cm2)
c
(O)
N
Water
*
0.0 Ground level (RL - 99.742m)
(%)
Gravel
(%)
Sand
(%)
Silt
(%)
Clay
(%)
Liquid
(%)
Plastic
(g/cm3)
Density
Cont (%)
Type
(kg/cm2)
c
(O)
N
Water
*
>100 10.0 Change of strata D - 39
(50/10cm)
Grey Weathered Rock (Charnockite Based)
>100 11.5 (Core recovery -Nil%; RQD - Nil) D - 41
(30/Nil) Grey Weathered Rock (Charnockite Based)
(Core recovery -Nil%; RQD - Nil
13.0 Grey Weathered Rock (Charnockite Based)
(Core recovery -6%; RQD - Nil) PL 443kg/cm² Water absorption 0.10%
14.5 Grey Weathered Rock (Charnockite Based) PL 484kg/cm² Water absorption 0.08%
(Core recovery -10%; RQD - Nil)
16.0 Grey Weathered Rock (Charnockite Based) PL 484kg/cm² Water absorption 0.07%
(Core recovery -12%; RQD - Nil)
17.0 Grey Weathered Rock (Charnockite Based) PL 726kg/cm² CS 709kg/cm² Water absorption 0.06%
(Core recovery -12%; RQD - 7%)