26 Writing Task 2 ETS Sample Questions

and Answers by ChatGPT (New Format)

“Writing for an Academic Discussion practice questions”

Last update: July 21st, 2023

By:
4AMClubIran & ChatGPT

Feel free to inform me of any mistakes and further suggestions:

t.me/SohrabSardari
 Disclaimer:

These answers are generated by ChatGPT with the standards that ETS has defined on its website.

The responses have been structured to fall within a specific word limit, with a minimum of 150

words and a maximum of 170 words.

However, answers may not receive a full score when corrected by an examiner.

They are provided solely to give you hints and help you develop your ideas practically. Please

refrain from relying on these ideas for use in the real TOEFL exam.

Additionally, avoid attempting to score these answers with the ETS online rater, as it will assign

them a score of 5, even if they are off-topic (tests have been conducted).

Wishing you success,

Sohrab

2
Q1:

Doctor Achebe:

Let’s think about population trends in urban and rural areas (villages). Living in urban areas can
be expensive; nonetheless, when they have a choice of where to live, people in some
countries do not wish to live in rural areas even if the cost of living there is lower. If
governments of some countries want to attract more people to live in rural areas or villages,
what is the best strategy or approach that governments can use? Why?

Claire:

I would live in a rural area if the government gave more financial help to farmers. Although it
may cost very little to live in a rural area, it costs a lot to begin a career in agriculture. If I had
financial help, I would start my own farm and be happy to live in a rural area.

Kelly:

In my country, urban centers are great places to live because you can access shops, restaurants,
and museums. If the government of my country wanted to attract me to live in a rural area,
the area would first have to attract more businesses focused on entertainment and culture
than most rural areas have now.

Answer:

In my opinion, the best strategy for governments to attract more people to live in rural areas or
villages is a comprehensive approach that addresses both financial incentives and the
development of cultural and entertainment opportunities.

Claire's idea of providing financial assistance to farmers is crucial. Lowering the barriers to entry
into agriculture can encourage more young people to pursue farming as a viable career
option, revitalizing rural economies and communities.

Kelly's point about enhancing cultural and entertainment amenities in rural areas is also valid. By
investing in infrastructure and promoting the establishment of businesses focused on
culture and entertainment, governments can make rural areas more appealing to urban
residents seeking a balance between city conveniences and a quieter lifestyle.

Combining financial support for agriculture with the development of cultural and entertainment
facilities will create a more attractive environment for individuals considering a move to
rural areas. This dual approach can lead to a sustainable and vibrant rural-urban balance,
benefiting both populations and fostering overall national development.

Word count: 167

3
Q2:

Doctor Gupta:

This week, I want you to discuss assessment criteria. Some schoolteachers give high grades (marks)
only to those students who perform well on their homework assignments and tests. Other teachers,
however, may give high grades to students who have worked very hard on their assignments but
have not performed so well. Which approach do you think is better: Giving grades based only on
performance, or grading students not just on performance but also on their effort?

Kelly:

I think grades should be based on performance only. It’s a matter of fairness. I’d be really upset if
another student got nearly the same grade that I did when I turned in work that was almost perfect
and the other student’s work had incorrect answers or unclear ideas. It wouldn’t matter to me if
they worked harder.

Paul:

Sure, evaluation should mainly be based upon the student’s performance, but hard work should
count for something. A student who works hard, even when the final grade isn’t the highest in the
class, builds character, which will benefit the student later in life when they go to university or apply
for a job.

Answer:

In my view, a balanced approach that considers both performance and effort is the most effective
way to assess students' achievements.

Kelly's perspective on grading based solely on performance has its merits, as it ensures fairness and
recognizes excellence. However, it may not fully capture the effort and determination put forth by
some students, who might have faced different challenges or learning styles.

On the other hand, Paul's argument for acknowledging hard work is crucial. Recognizing and
rewarding effort instills a strong work ethic and resilience in students, fostering their personal
growth and development. Moreover, this approach acknowledges that success isn't solely
dependent on immediate results, but on the dedication and perseverance shown by the students.

Therefore, a balanced assessment system that combines performance and effort allows for a more
comprehensive evaluation of students' capabilities. It motivates high achievers to maintain their
excellence while encouraging those who work hard despite facing difficulties. Ultimately, such an
approach promotes a more inclusive and supportive learning environment, preparing students for
their future endeavors with a well-rounded skill set.

Word count: 175

4
Q3:

Doctor Diaz:

Nowadays, the world is facing a number of pressing environmental problems, and over the next few
weeks, we’ll be discussing various innovations that may help solve these problems. To begin our
discussion, I’d like you to think of one global environmental problem—for example, it could be
related to water, air, land, climate, biodiversity, energy, or something similar. Then explain what you
think would be an effective solution to this problem.

Kelly:

One of the major environmental problems is the limited freshwater supply in many areas of the
world, which means that we need to find effective technologies to provide people with enough
drinking water. One solution is to improve the technology for removing salt from seawater, which
could allow us to use seawater to replenish dwindling freshwater supplies.

Paul:

I think the biggest problem is the air pollution caused by the overuse of motorized vehicles. The
obvious solution is for local governments to promote alternatives, like building bike lanes in cities or
improving public transportation with electric buses. Both of these would be easy to implement as
well.

Answer:

In this discussion on global environmental problems, both Kelly and Paul have raised important
issues. I agree with Kelly's proposal to address the limited freshwater supply by improving
technology for desalinating seawater. This innovation could provide a sustainable source of drinking
water and help alleviate water scarcity in many regions.

However, I also support Paul's concern about air pollution caused by motorized vehicles.
Encouraging alternative transportation methods and investing in electric buses and bike lanes are
indeed practical steps that local governments can take to reduce emissions and improve air quality
in cities.

My contribution to this discussion is the recognition that tackling environmental challenges requires
a multifaceted approach. While addressing water scarcity through advanced desalination technology
is vital, we should not overlook the significance of curbing air pollution to mitigate the impacts of
climate change and safeguard public health. By combining efforts to enhance water resources and
promote sustainable transportation, we can make meaningful progress in creating a cleaner and
more sustainable future for our planet.

Word count: 167

5
Q4:

Doctor Achebe: This week, we’ll look at how well students transition to university. Many recent high
school graduates have taken a gap year—a yearlong break after graduation—before studying at a
university. During a gap year, students may get jobs, travel, or simply relax and think about their
future. Some students say their gap year was beneficial, while others regret having taken one. In
your opinion, does taking a gap year create more advantages or disadvantages for students? Why?

Andrew:

The gap year would be a good opportunity for students to reflect on their education goals and
confirm their plans for university. At least it would give someone time to investigate different fields
and get a better sense of what it means to be in business, to work in an office, or to work with their
hands, etc.

Claire:

Because university can be expensive, students should not take a gap year. Tuition, the cost of books,
and living expenses rise every year. The money a student might save during a gap year might not be
enough to cover the rise in prices when they enter university a year later.

Answer:

In my view, taking a gap year before university can offer significant advantages. Firstly, it
provides students with an opportunity to gain real-world experience through jobs or travel,
which can enhance their maturity and perspective. Secondly, this break allows them to
explore different career paths and make well-informed decisions about their future studies.
Moreover, a gap year can prevent burnout, increasing students' readiness for academic
challenges.

Kelly's proposal to improve seawater desalination technology is commendable. Harnessing

seawater to replenish freshwater supplies could be a viable solution to address the limited
freshwater problem. Advancements in desalination technology can ensure a more
sustainable and reliable water source for affected regions.

Regarding Paul's concern about air pollution, I agree that promoting alternatives to motorized
vehicles, such as building bike lanes and improving electric public transportation, can
significantly reduce emissions and foster greener cities.

Overall, embracing gap years, advancing desalination technology, and prioritizing sustainable
transportation are essential steps towards a more prosperous and environmentally
conscious future.

Word count: 162

6
Q5:

Doctor Achebe:

Let’s think about population trends in urban and rural areas (villages). Living in urban areas can be
expensive; nonetheless, when they have a choice of where to live, people in some countries do not
wish to live in rural areas even if the cost of living there is lower. If governments of some countries
want to attract more people to live in rural areas or villages, what is the best strategy or approach
that governments can use? Why?

Claire:

I would live in a rural area if the government gave more financial help to farmers. Although it may
cost very little to live in a rural area, it costs a lot to begin a career in agriculture. If I had financial
help, I would start my own farm and be happy to live in a rural area.

Kelly:

In my country, urban centers are great places to live because you can access shops, restaurants, and
museums. If the government of my country wanted to attract me to live in a rural area, the area
would first have to attract more businesses focused on entertainment and culture than most rural
areas have now.

Answer:

Population trends in urban and rural areas pose unique challenges for governments. I concur with
Claire and Kelly's viewpoints, and the best strategy to attract more people to rural areas involves a
comprehensive approach.

Claire's suggestion of providing financial support to farmers is crucial. By offering incentives, grants,
or low-interest loans, the government can encourage young entrepreneurs like Claire to venture into
agriculture, stimulating economic growth and job opportunities in rural areas.

However, Kelly's point about enhancing rural amenities is equally vital. To attract urban dwellers,
rural areas need better access to recreational facilities, cultural events, and quality infrastructure.
Government investment in entertainment, museums, and other cultural hubs can enrich the rural
lifestyle and draw more people to consider relocating.

In conclusion, a combination of financial support for agricultural pursuits and the development of
cultural and entertainment opportunities will form a powerful strategy to attract people to rural
areas. Such an approach can address the urban-rural divide and promote balanced and sustainable
population growth across the country.

Word count: 167

7
Q6:

Doctor Diaz:

We’ve been discussing the importance of hiring and retaining highly skilled employees, but even the
best employees may need to periodically update or further develop their work skills. One question
facing managers is how much time and money to invest in improving the work skills of their
employees. Some managers argue that ongoing employee training is the most important investment
a company can make. What are your thoughts on the matter?

Andrew:

I don’t think that employee training is the most important investment a company can make. The
company should be hiring the most skilled workers it can find in the first place. There are so many
other unavoidable things that a company needs to spend money on that have to take precedence
over training.

Kelly:

Employees’ leaving their jobs is always a risk, but providing ongoing training and skill development is
more likely to make employees want to stay rather than go, in my opinion. When employers pay for
training, employees are likely to feel more valued by their employer, and this can only improve the
employer-employee relationship.

Answer:

The debate over investing in employee training versus hiring highly skilled workers is a crucial
consideration for managers. Both Andrew and Kelly raise valid points, and finding the right balance is
essential.

Andrew's perspective emphasizes the importance of hiring skilled employees initially. While hiring
talented individuals is essential, the reality is that skills and technologies constantly evolve.
Therefore, investing in ongoing training and development can enhance the existing workforce's
capabilities, improve productivity, and keep the company competitive in a dynamic market.

Kelly's insight highlights the significance of employee retention. Ongoing training fosters a sense of
value and commitment among employees, leading to increased job satisfaction and loyalty.
Employees who feel supported in their professional growth are more likely to stay, reducing
turnover costs and retaining institutional knowledge within the company.

In conclusion, both hiring skilled workers and providing ongoing employee training are vital
investments. The key lies in striking a balance between recruiting capable individuals and nurturing
their growth through continuous development initiatives. An organization that values both aspects
can create a motivated, skilled, and committed workforce that contributes significantly to its long-
term success.

8
Word count: 184

9
Q7:

Doctor Achebe:

Companies now make computer games designed to help very young children learn. The games are
advertised for use by children aged 2 to 8 years and often involve basic math and reading skills,
presented in a fun, game-like style. Some people say that this results in children spending too much
time looking at computer screens. Do you think it’s a good idea for very young children to play
educational computer games? Why or why not?

Andrew:

I think it’s completely inappropriate for children as young as 2 years old to play what are essentially
video games. Even if the games are educational, the same skills can be taught in traditional ways—
by reading books to children, for example. And it would be beneficial to interact with their parents in
this way.

Kelly:

Considering how important computers are to human societies these days, I think it actually makes
sense to allow very young children to explore them. And if the computer games that children play
also give them early access to subject matter that will later be taught in school, all the better.

Answer:

The use of educational computer games for very young children is a complex topic that requires
careful consideration. I can understand both Andrew and Kelly's perspectives on this matter.

Andrew emphasizes the importance of traditional forms of learning and interaction with parents,
which indeed play a fundamental role in a child's development. Reading books, engaging in
imaginative play, and fostering meaningful parent-child interactions are invaluable for early learning
and emotional bonding.

On the other hand, Kelly brings attention to the significance of technology in modern society.
Introducing young children to computers and educational games can build digital literacy skills that
will be essential in their future academic and professional lives.

In my view, a balanced approach is necessary. While educational computer games can be beneficial
when appropriately used and in moderation, they should not replace essential human interactions
and traditional learning methods. Parents and caregivers should be actively involved in guiding and
supervising children's screen time to ensure a healthy balance between digital exploration and real-
world experiences.

Ultimately, the goal should be to provide children with a well-rounded learning environment that
includes a mix of interactive technologies and meaningful human connections.

10
Word count: 191

11
Q8:

Doctor Achebe:

In 1930, a famous economist predicted that at the end of the twentieth century, an average worker
would work only 15 hours a week, thanks to advances in technology. This did not happen, as we all
know. Nonetheless, the balance between work time and free time remains an interesting question.
So, let me ask you today: Twenty years in the future, will people have more leisure time (free time)
and less work than they have today? Why, or why not?

Claire:

I think it is likely that people will work shorter hours in twenty years than they do today. Our
societies are becoming wealthier all the time. It does not seem necessary for people to continue
working as hard as they do today. At some point, having more free time should be more important
than creating more wealth.

Paul:

I am not sure people will work less in the future. As Doctor Achebe wrote, a shortening of the
workweek was predicted before. There are many factors that determine how long people work. Our
economic system is very competitive. Workers are pushed to work longer and longer hours so that
companies have a competitive advantage.

Answer:

Predicting the future of work and leisure time is complex, but both Claire and Paul offer valid
perspectives.

Claire believes that wealthier societies may lead to shorter work hours in the future, prioritizing free
time over excessive wealth creation. Technological advancements might support this shift.

However, Paul expresses concerns about the competitive economic system. Globalization and fierce
competition could push workers to toil longer hours, counteracting potential gains from technology.

In my view, the future will likely blend both scenarios. Technology can enhance productivity and
leisure opportunities, but societal and economic factors play a crucial role. Collaboration among
governments, businesses, and workers is vital to achieve a balance that fosters productivity and
well-being.

While shorter work hours may be possible, achieving this vision requires proactive efforts to adapt
workplace norms, promote work-life balance, and ensure workers' rights are protected. It is a
collective responsibility to shape a future that values leisure time, personal growth, and meaningful
work.

12
Word count: 157

13
Q9:

Doctor Diaz:

This week, we’ve discussed how carbon dioxide released by gasoline-powered (petrol-powered) cars
pollutes the air and contributes to climate change. Let’s focus now on two proposals that
governments can consider as they try to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from cars. One proposal is
to improve and expand public transportation. The other is to provide financial support to companies
that make electric cars and to consumers who buy them. Which proposal do you think is better?
Why?

Claire:

I think improving public transportation would be more beneficial overall than giving tax breaks or
rebates to particular companies and consumers. If taking a train or a bus is significantly easier,
cheaper, and faster than driving a car, more people will want to use public transportation. With
fewer cars on the road, there will be less air pollution.

Paul:

I believe that providing financial support to electric-car manufacturers and consumers is the better
innovative long-term strategy. Many people live in rural areas, and they need their own vehicles to
get around. These people would not benefit from, say, more train lines being built in a far-off city.

Answer:

Improving public transportation is the better proposal to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Claire's
argument highlights its benefits—ease, affordability, and reduced pollution. By encouraging more
people to use public transit, there will be fewer cars on the road, resulting in less air pollution and a
positive impact on climate change.

Paul's support for electric cars is valid, especially for rural areas. However, a comprehensive
approach can address this concern. Investing in electric vehicle infrastructure in rural regions can
facilitate adoption.

In conclusion, improving public transportation has a broader reach and potential for significant
emissions reduction. It benefits both urban and rural areas. A combination of public transit
enhancement and electric vehicle support can pave the way towards a greener and more sustainable
transportation future. Governments must consider the needs of different regions and adopt
measures that collectively contribute to a cleaner environment.

Word count: 142

14
Q10:

Doctor Diaz:

Our current unit looks at tourism and the benefit it has on a country’s economy. Many argue that
while tourism can indeed be a money-making endeavor, it can do more harm than good, especially
tourism to small, remote places that are not heavily populated. What is your opinion? Should local
or national governments promote tourism to remote regions not typically visited by tourists before?
Why?

Andrew:

Tourism has always been a lucrative business. Improving the economies of these rural regions,
especially if those regions are poor, can only have a positive effect. People can have a better quality
of life by showcasing their food and traditions to the outside world. It’s a chance the people might
not get without promotion from the government.

Claire:

I don’t think governments should promote tourism to remote regions. The people are likely not
asking for this kind of industry or for this kind of attention. Instead, governments should develop
other means of improving a region's economic situation, like expanding agriculture or other
industries. These efforts will have a stronger, more permanent impact on the region than bringing in
groups of tourists.

Answer:

Promoting tourism to remote regions is a complex matter, and both Andrew and Claire present valid
points.

Andrew highlights the economic benefits of tourism, especially for poor rural regions. By showcasing
local culture and traditions, tourism can improve the economy and enhance the quality of life for
residents.

However, Claire raises concerns about the potential negative impacts of tourism on local
communities. She suggests exploring alternative economic development strategies, such as
expanding agriculture or other industries, which may have a more lasting and positive impact on the
region.

In my view, a balanced approach is necessary. While tourism can provide economic opportunities, it
must be done responsibly and sustainably. Governments should engage with local communities to
understand their needs and desires before promoting tourism. Efforts should focus on preserving
the region's cultural and natural heritage while fostering economic growth.

Ultimately, any decision to promote tourism to remote regions must be well-informed, taking into
account the well-being of the local population and the preservation of their unique identity and

15
environment. By doing so, tourism can bring benefits while mitigating potential harm, leading to a
more sustainable and inclusive development for these regions.

Word count: 191

16
Q11:

Doctor Gupta:

This week, we will be discussing a shortage of affordable housing that exists in many countries. In
these places, housing—both apartments (flats) and houses—are expensive, because populations are
growing faster than new housing is being built. Now, think about places in your country that have a
housing shortage. In your post, I would like you to indicate the most effective way for the
government to address a housing shortage in your country. Please explain why you think so.

Claire:

In my country, there is a lack of affordable housing in the big cities. Low-cost housing exists in areas
outside of the cities, but that means workers have long commutes to reach their jobs in the cities. I
recommend that my government create initiatives to encourage the construction of large buildings
with many affordable apartments in cities.

Paul:

Claire’s recommendation is fine, but many people prefer to live in a house rather than an apartment,
even if they have longer commutes. Living in a house can be quieter and more private. So, I believe
my government should give subsidies or tax relief to construction companies to build small,
affordable single-family houses on unused land that surrounds many cities.

Answer:

Both Claire and Paul offer reasonable approaches, but I believe Paul's suggestion of providing
subsidies or tax relief to construction companies to build small, affordable single-family houses on
unused land surrounding cities is the most effective way to address the housing shortage.

While large apartment buildings may accommodate more people in the cities, not everyone prefers
apartment living. Many individuals prioritize privacy, space, and a quieter environment that single-
family houses can offer. By incentivizing the construction of affordable houses on unused land, the
government can cater to the diverse housing preferences of its citizens.

Moreover, developing housing on surrounding land can help reduce urban sprawl, preserving green
spaces and minimizing environmental impacts. It can also provide opportunities for sustainable
neighborhood planning, incorporating parks, community centers, and other amenities that promote
a sense of community.

In conclusion, Paul's proposal for small, affordable single-family houses aligns with citizens'
preferences and sustainable development goals. It addresses the housing shortage while respecting
individual needs and environmental considerations. A combination of initiatives that include both
affordable apartments and houses can provide a comprehensive solution to the housing challenge in
my country.

17
Word count: 186

18
Q12:

Doctor Gupta:

Let’s discuss how teachers’ job performance is assessed or evaluated. Regular evaluations of
teachers help to ensure that students receive high-quality instruction, that good teachers are
rewarded, and that struggling teachers receive help to improve. But what is the best way to evaluate
teachers? Should teachers be evaluated based on their students’ test scores? Should more-
experienced teachers evaluate less-experienced teachers? Should students’ feedback be
considered? Which approach is best, and why?

Andrew:

I think experienced senior teachers are the best source of information for teacher evaluations.
School leaders can assign experienced teachers to observe their fellow teachers periodically during
class, and these senior teachers can then provide feedback on their colleagues’ performance. An
experienced teacher has the knowledge to determine what other teachers are doing well and what
needs improvement.

Kelly:

I’m not convinced that any one person’s occasional visits to a classroom would provide accurate
information. I’d like a more objective, fairer source of data, so I’d prefer to rely on test scores to
inform teacher evaluations. If all students take the same test, and some classes perform better than
others, then we know which teachers have been most successful.

Answer:

Both Andrew and Kelly present valid perspectives on evaluating teachers, and a combination of
approaches may offer the most comprehensive and fair assessment.

Andrew's suggestion of having experienced senior teachers evaluate their colleagues can provide
valuable insights. Experienced educators can offer nuanced feedback based on their own knowledge
and expertise. This approach fosters a supportive and collaborative culture within the school
community.

However, Kelly's concern about occasional visits and subjectivity in teacher evaluations is also valid.
To ensure objectivity and fairness, using test scores as part of the evaluation process can provide
quantitative data to assess student progress and identify effective teaching methods.

The best approach to evaluating teachers would involve a balanced combination of methods.
Incorporating student feedback through anonymous surveys can provide valuable insights into the
learning experience. Additionally, using classroom observations by experienced teachers and
considering student test scores can offer a more comprehensive view of a teacher's effectiveness.

Ultimately, an ideal evaluation system should be multifaceted, taking into account both qualitative
and quantitative data, ensuring fairness, accuracy, and continuous improvement in teacher

19
performance. Such a system can contribute to the professional growth of educators, benefitting
both teachers and students alike.

Word count: 194

20
Q13:

Doctor Diaz:

Teachers often ask school administrators for permission to take their students on field trips (for
example, to museums or historical buildings). Some school administrators provide funding and
encouragement for teachers to organize educational trips for the entire class. Many believe that
going on field trips is an important part of a child’s education; others think that a child’s time is
better spent learning in a classroom at school. Which view do you agree with? Why?

Kelly:

Field trips are so demanding of a teacher’s time; I can understand why some people aren’t in favor
of them. Teachers can’t just decide that it might be fun to take their class to an art museum. They
must plan carefully to help children get the most out of that trip while not losing too much
instructional time.

Paul:

Field trips can affect kids’ futures in important ways. One time I went on a field trip to a space
museum when I was young. I even got to try on a space suit. That experience made me want to be
an astronomer. I might not have developed my interest in astronomy without that field trip
experience.

Answer:

I agree with Paul's view that field trips are an important part of a child's education. Field trips offer
unique opportunities for hands-on learning experiences that can profoundly impact a child's
interests and future aspirations.

As Paul mentioned, his visit to a space museum sparked his passion for astronomy and influenced his
career path. Such experiential learning allows students to engage with real-world contexts, igniting
curiosity and fostering a deeper understanding of subjects beyond the classroom setting.

While I understand Kelly's concerns about the demands of planning field trips, the benefits they
offer outweigh the challenges. Teachers can plan field trips strategically to complement classroom
learning, ensuring that students gain valuable insights while minimizing instructional time loss.

In conclusion, field trips play a vital role in enriching a child's education by providing experiential
learning opportunities that can shape their interests and aspirations. When thoughtfully integrated
into the curriculum, field trips become powerful tools to inspire students and cultivate a lifelong love
for learning.

Word count: 163

21
Q14:

Doctor Gupta:

When students are preparing to graduate from university, they need to make decisions about what
kind of company they want to work for. They might consider large, older companies with an
established reputation, or possibly new start-up companies, which tend to be small but very focused
on the future. Consider the advantages of each. Would it generally be better for a new university
graduate to begin working for a large, established company, or for a small start-up company? Why?

Kelly:

I think in general, the established company is the better choice. Because they’re already well-known,
these companies have a certain amount of respect in the business community, so it would look good
to have that job experience on your résumé. That advantage alone would be a great start for a
recent graduate.

Andrew:

I see your point, Kelly, but taking a position at a start-up company would offer so much excitement.
They often have an energy that older companies can’t match—everyone can be focused on new,
innovative business practices and they would be more aggressive about getting new clients. That
would be a much better experience for someone fresh out of university!

Answer:

Both options, working for a large established company or a small start-up, have their advantages for
a new university graduate.

Kelly makes a valid point about the benefits of joining an established company. Such companies
often have a well-known reputation, providing the graduate with valuable experience and a
prestigious addition to their résumé. This exposure can open doors to future opportunities.

On the other hand, Andrew highlights the excitement and energy that start-up companies offer.
Working in a start-up environment can provide diverse experiences and opportunities to take on
responsibilities beyond a defined role. The dynamic atmosphere fosters creativity and innovation,
allowing graduates to be part of shaping the company's future.

Ultimately, the decision depends on the individual's career goals and personal preferences.
Graduates seeking stability, networking opportunities, and a recognized brand may prefer
established companies. Conversely, those looking for a dynamic, fast-paced environment with the
potential for rapid growth and hands-on involvement may be drawn to start-ups.

In conclusion, both paths have merits, and the best choice will vary for each individual. It is essential
for graduates to carefully assess their goals and values to make an informed decision that aligns with
their career aspirations and personal growth.

22
Word count: 199

23
Q15:

Doctor Diaz:

Our next class will focus on how companies maintain their staffing levels. While it is important for a
company to look for new employees to fill open positions, many believe it is equally important for a
company to retain the workers it already has on staff. In your opinion, what is the best way for a
company to encourage its employees to stay at the company instead of seeking a different job
elsewhere?

Paul:

I think the best thing a company could do to keep its employees is to create a work environment
that employees look forward to going to five days a week. Cramped office spaces or disorderly
factory floors are not places I would want to spend a third of my life.

Claire:

I see Paul’s point. But even more important than a nice workspace is making sure the employees
don’t feel stuck in their jobs. Companies should offer opportunities for employees to advance their
skills so they can get new positions within the company if they want. Employees should feel like they
have a goal to work toward.

Answer:

In my view, a combination of both Paul and Claire's suggestions is essential for a company to retain
its employees successfully.

Paul's emphasis on creating an appealing work environment is crucial. Providing comfortable and
well-designed workspaces can positively impact employee morale and productivity. A pleasant
atmosphere fosters a sense of belonging and makes employees look forward to coming to work each
day.

However, as Claire points out, professional growth and development opportunities are equally
important. Employees should feel empowered to advance in their careers within the company.
Offering training programs, skill development workshops, and clear career paths can motivate
employees to stay with the company for the long term.

Moreover, a supportive company culture that values employees' contributions and encourages open
communication is vital. Recognizing and rewarding outstanding performance can boost employee
satisfaction and loyalty.

In conclusion, the best way for a company to encourage its employees to stay is to create an inviting
work environment while offering ample opportunities for career growth and skill development. By
prioritizing employee well-being and professional growth, companies can foster a loyal and
motivated workforce, leading to higher retention rates and overall success.

24
Word count: 189

25
Q16:

Doctor Diaz:

This week, we’ll look at practices and activities used by primary and secondary school teachers. Let’s
begin by discussing journal writing activities. Some teachers ask students to keep a journal and to
regularly write down their thoughts about a recent lesson or respond to a question presented by the
teacher. There are also many teachers who never assign journal writing. Now, I’d like your opinion: Is
journal writing a worthwhile activity to support learning? Why or why not?

Claire:

I think getting students into the habit of writing reflectively can be very beneficial. Journal writing
gives students an opportunity to develop their own ideas about what they’re learning whether it’s
for a math class or a literature class. It could also give the teacher an informal way to gauge how well
students are comprehending the lessons.

Paul:

I’m not convinced journal writing is worthwhile in classes. Teachers have a lot of material to cover,
and students have much to learn. Unless a student is particularly interested in journal keeping, the
student might view journaling as just more busy work. For there to be a benefit, students would
need to take it seriously. I don’t think all would.

Answer:

Journal writing can be a valuable activity to support learning, as Claire rightly points out. It fosters
reflective thinking, allowing students to develop their ideas and deepen their understanding of
various subjects. Additionally, journals provide an informal assessment tool for teachers to gauge
students' comprehension and identify areas that may need further attention.

However, I also acknowledge Paul's concerns about potential disinterest and the risk of students
viewing journaling as mere busy work. To address this, teachers can design engaging prompts that
connect with students' interests and allow for creative expression. Creating a supportive and
encouraging environment for journal writing can motivate students to take the activity seriously and
find meaning in their reflections.

In conclusion, while there are challenges in implementing journal writing effectively, the benefits of
encouraging reflective thinking and gaining insights into students' understanding make it a
worthwhile activity. By crafting meaningful prompts and fostering a positive journaling culture,
teachers can maximize the potential of this activity to support students' learning journey.

Word count: 165

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Q17:

Doctor Achebe:

Next, we’ll be discussing the future of higher education, focusing on proposals for making
postsecondary education (education after high school) more efficient and more accessible. One such
proposal is to make class attendance optional. For instance, under an optionalattendance policy,
university students could choose not to attend classes but instead study the course materials and
acquire the knowledge on their own time. Their grade would then be based entirely on exams or
papers. What are your thoughts on this approach?

Claire:

I like the idea of optional attendance. University students have a lot going on, and sometimes it’s
difficult to make it to class. As long as students are held accountable for the information they’re
supposed to learn, I don’t see why they should have to attend every class session, especially for
classes that meet multiple times a week.

Andrew:

I have to disagree with Claire. I think that class attendance policies foster another important kind of
accountability. They teach discipline and responsibility. Many of the jobs that university or trade
school students will pursue after graduation have their own attendance policies, so students should
see class attendance as good preparation for entering the workforce.

Answer:

In considering the proposal for optional class attendance in higher education, I can see both the
advantages and drawbacks raised by Claire and Andrew. Offering optional attendance could provide
students with flexibility and accommodate their busy schedules, allowing them to manage their time
more efficiently. It also encourages self-directed learning, which can be valuable in fostering
independent thinking and time management skills.

However, I share Andrew's viewpoint that class attendance policies serve a purpose beyond
knowledge acquisition. They instill discipline and responsibility, preparing students for the workforce
where attendance and punctuality are essential attributes. Moreover, classroom interactions with
peers and instructors can enhance the learning experience, offering valuable insights and diverse
perspectives.

A balanced approach might involve allowing optional attendance for certain courses, especially
those that can be effectively learned through self-study, while maintaining mandatory attendance
for others that heavily rely on discussions, practical demonstrations, or group activities.
27
In conclusion, a well-considered mix of optional and mandatory attendance policies could cater to
students' individual needs while nurturing a sense of responsibility and accountability crucial for
their academic and future professional success.

Word count: 181

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Q18:

Doctor Diaz:

We’ve been discussing ways that parents can help prepare their teenage children for adulthood. One
line of thinking is that parents should encourage their teenagers to take part-time jobs to help them
learn to be responsible, even if it is not an economic necessity for the teenagers to work. What are
your thoughts on the issue? Should parents urge teenage children to get a job? Why or why not?

Claire:

Teenagers should work part-time. When I was 16, I washed dishes at a restaurant, and I’m glad I did.
I learned a lot about time management. I had to use my free time wisely to make sure I could
complete homework despite spending time working at a job. This is a valuable life skill.

Andrew:

I would have to disagree. A teenager is still just a kid, and in my opinion, a kid needs to focus on
going to school and learning. A job would be an unnecessary distraction. If it’s all about learning
responsibility, I think there are a lot of other ways to do that without the commitment required by a
job.

Answer:

I believe that encouraging teenagers to work part-time can be a beneficial experience, but it should
be approached with consideration for each individual's circumstances and readiness. Claire makes a
valid point about the valuable life skills that can be gained from part-time jobs, such as time
management and responsibility. These skills can be invaluable as teenagers transition into
adulthood.

However, Andrew's perspective on prioritizing education is also essential. Teenagers' primary focus
should be on their studies and personal development. A job may not be suitable for all teenagers,
especially if it interferes with their academic performance or overwhelms them with responsibilities.

Therefore, a balanced approach is necessary. Parents can discuss the possibility of part-time work
with their teenagers, taking into account their academic commitments, interests, and readiness for
such responsibilities. For some teenagers, part-time work may enhance their skills and maturity,
while others may benefit more from extracurricular activities or volunteering experiences to develop
responsibility.

In conclusion, parental support and open communication are crucial when considering part-time
work for teenagers, ensuring that it aligns with their individual needs and developmental stages.

Word count: 181

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Q19:

Doctor Achebe:

In our discussion on the importance of workplace mentoring, we learned that mentoring (training or
guiding someone) is typically associated with senior employees―that is, workers who have been at a
company for a long time and mentor younger colleagues. However, at some companies, especially
those that use innovative technology, younger employees sometimes train or guide senior
colleagues. Do you think that it is a good idea for companies to encourage younger employees to
mentor senior coworkers? Why or why not?

Claire:

I support the idea of having younger employees mentor senior ones. Technology is developing so
rapidly these days, and young people are much more skilled in dealing with technology than older
employees are. It’s the ideal way for senior employees to learn new digital skills.

Kelly:

Claire makes a good point, but technology aside, I do not think that younger employees make good
mentors right away. When younger employees join companies, they often lack the experience
needed to be fully effective in their roles. They should be mentored by senior coworkers who have
achieved a high level of expertise in their work.

Answer:

I believe that encouraging younger employees to mentor senior colleagues can be a valuable
practice in certain situations, but it should be approached with careful consideration of the
individuals involved and the specific context of the company.

Claire's perspective highlights the importance of leveraging the technological expertise of younger
employees to help senior colleagues adapt to rapidly evolving digital tools and trends. Younger
generations often possess a natural affinity for technology, which can be a tremendous asset for the
organization.

However, Kelly's point about the need for younger employees to gain experience and expertise
through mentorship from senior colleagues is also crucial. While young employees may excel in
specific areas, they may still lack the broader experience and wisdom that comes with time in the
workforce. In such cases, a reciprocal mentorship approach, where both younger and senior
employees learn from each other, can be more beneficial.

Ultimately, the success of younger employees mentoring senior colleagues depends on the
individuals involved, the specific skills being taught, and the overall culture of the organization.
Encouraging cross-generational mentorship can create a dynamic learning environment that fosters
growth and collaboration for all employees.

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Word count: 190

31
Q20:

Doctor Achebe:

This week, we’ll be discussing how technological advances are transforming the job market, making
some jobs unnecessary. Let’s focus on government actions. Suppose the government had to choose
between two ways in which to support people whose jobs are no longer needed. The government
could either give them enough money to live on until they find new jobs or offer them free job
training without giving them money directly. Which of these two solutions do you think is better?
Why?

Andrew:

I believe that the government should prioritize providing free job training opportunities. Modern
training programs are usually costly, which means that many people will not be able to afford them
without the government’s funding. By participating in training programs, people will develop new,
in-demand skills and become more competitive in the job market.

Kelly:

Although I agree that having access to free training programs sounds promising, I think the
government’s first step should be to give people enough money to live on until they find new jobs.
This money will go directly into people’s pockets and allow them to make their own choices
concerning their future.

Answer:

In my opinion, a combination of both solutions would be the most effective approach for the
government to support people whose jobs are no longer needed.

Andrew's point about offering free job training is crucial, as it enables individuals to acquire new
skills that align with the demands of the evolving job market. Providing accessible and high-quality
training programs can equip displaced workers with the tools they need to transition into new and
promising career paths.

However, I also agree with Kelly's perspective on the importance of immediate financial support.
When individuals lose their jobs unexpectedly, they often face financial hardships that can hinder
their ability to pursue training opportunities or explore new career options. Providing temporary
financial assistance can serve as a safety net, alleviating immediate financial stress and allowing
individuals to focus on their professional development without compromising their basic needs.

By combining both strategies, the government can create a comprehensive support system that
addresses the short-term needs of displaced workers while empowering them with the necessary
skills for long-term employability. Such an approach would foster a resilient workforce, better
equipped to adapt to the changing job landscape and contribute positively to the economy.

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Word count: 196

33
Q21:

Doctor Achebe:

Teachers have to study for a long time to earn teaching degrees before they are ready to work in the
classroom. Some people feel that in addition to earning a university degree, teachers should be
required to take courses every few years to update their knowledge. Do you agree that there should
be a mandate for teachers to take courses every few years, so they know the latest developments in
their fields? Why or why not?

Andrew:

I support this policy of making teachers continue to take courses throughout their careers. This is
especially important for science teachers because new scientific discoveries are made all the time.
Teachers need to be aware of any new developments in their content areas so they can update their
lesson plans as needed to make sure students are getting current information.

Claire:

I think this mandate sounds good in theory, but it might be hard to implement. Teachers already
have very busy schedules, as they spend a lot of time preparing lessons, teaching, and grading.
Teachers also often participate in different professional development opportunities, so taking
mandatory courses on top of all this work might be burdensome for many teachers.

Answer:

I agree that requiring teachers to take courses every few years to update their knowledge is a
valuable policy that can benefit both educators and students.

Andrew's point about science teachers needing to stay updated with the latest developments in
their fields is particularly relevant. The world of knowledge is constantly evolving, and educators
must have access to current information to provide their students with accurate and relevant
content. Continuous learning enables teachers to refine their teaching methods, incorporate new
technologies, and foster a dynamic learning environment that engages students effectively.

While Claire raises a valid concern about the potential burden on teachers' schedules, implementing
a well-designed system can address this issue. Offering flexible and accessible professional
development opportunities, such as online courses or workshops during school breaks, can allow
teachers to engage in ongoing learning without overwhelming their regular teaching responsibilities.

By mandating regular courses for teachers, educational institutions can demonstrate their
commitment to providing high-quality education and ensuring that educators are equipped with the
necessary tools to nurture students' intellectual growth and curiosity. Ultimately, investing in
teacher development contributes to a stronger and more vibrant education system.

Word count: 189

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Q22:

Doctor Gupta:

This week, we’ll be looking into family dynamics. One common concern in our field is that due to
busy schedules, many families have limited time to spend together, so connections within families
may grow weaker over time. Let’s begin by discussing the following viewpoint: the best way for a
family to strengthen family bonds is to work on something together, for example, cooking,
gardening, or working on a craft project. Do you agree or disagree with this viewpoint? Why?

Andrew:

I agree. Families feel more connected while working together rather than while doing passive
activities, such as watching TV. While working together, family members have an opportunity to
engage in an in-depth discussion and share their thoughts and feelings. Working toward a common
goal, such as planting a garden, helps families create happy memories and feel a sense of
accomplishment.

Claire:

I don’t think working together is the best way for every family to strengthen family bonds because
every family is different and even within one family, it is difficult to find tasks that are interesting to
everyone. While working together, family members may disagree about how to best accomplish
tasks, which may result in an argument.

Answer:

I agree with Andrew that working together as a family can indeed strengthen family bonds and
create meaningful connections. Engaging in collaborative activities like cooking, gardening, or
crafting fosters a sense of togetherness and teamwork among family members. These shared
experiences provide opportunities for open communication, problem-solving, and mutual support,
enhancing the emotional bond within the family.

While it's true that not every family may find the same tasks interesting, the key lies in finding
activities that resonate with the family's interests and preferences. Each family is unique, and what
matters most is engaging in activities that bring joy and create positive memories for everyone
involved.

It is true that disagreements may arise during collaborative tasks, but these moments can also serve
as opportunities for learning and growth. Resolving differences through respectful communication
and compromise can teach important life skills and contribute to building a resilient family dynamic.

In conclusion, finding and participating in activities that involve working together as a family can be a
powerful means to strengthen family bonds, promoting a sense of belonging and shared purpose
that enriches the family's overall well-being and happiness.

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Word count: 187

36
Q23:

Dr. Diaz:

This week we looked at how the cinema―the physical building where we watch films―has evolved
over the years. Now, I want you to consider this question: with so many internet streaming services
available for viewing films at home, do you think cinemas will cease to exist in the future? Will a time
come when people stop going to cinemas entirely? Why or why not?

Paul:

In my opinion, cinemas are here to stay. For thousands of years, people have been sharing the
collective experience of watching a show, whether it was a live performance at a theater in ancient
Greece or a recorded film in a cinema in today’s society. And they will continue to want that shared
viewing experience.

Claire:

I agree that cinemas are becoming obsolete, but I don’t think it’s because of technology. Many of the
best films these days are being produced as ten- or twelve-part miniseries, with much more focus on
character development. These productions are meant to be watched on television. You don’t need a
big screen to enjoy them.

Answer:

I believe that cinemas will not cease to exist entirely in the future, despite the rise of internet
streaming services. Both Paul and Claire make valid points to consider.

Paul highlights the enduring appeal of the collective viewing experience. Cinemas offer a unique
atmosphere with larger-than-life screens and a sense of shared emotions among the audience. This
communal aspect is difficult to replicate at home, making cinema-going an appealing experience for
many.

However, Claire's observation about the changing nature of film production is also relevant. With
the popularity of miniseries and home-tailored content, some films may find their primary audience
through streaming services and televisions.

In conclusion, cinemas are likely to remain relevant due to their unique and immersive experience.
While streaming services offer convenience, the appeal of shared cinema experiences and
blockbuster films will continue to attract audiences to theaters. The film industry may adapt, but
cinemas will endure as an integral part of the entertainment landscape.

Word count: 158

37
Q24:

Doctor Achebe:

Next week, we’ll be discussing the role of museums in society, and we’ll explore the various
contexts, social and otherwise, in which museums operate. Today, I’d like you to think about the
benefits of museums. For a city and its residents, what do you think is the most significant advantage
of having a museum located in that city? Explain why you think so.

Andrew:

Museums can inspire people in many ways. If a city has a museum, people have access to out-of-the-
ordinary experiences. Whether in a room with sixteenth-century paintings or some moon rocks,
being near fascinating objects from the past transports people out of their everyday lives. It can
offer them a new perspective or a sense of possibility in their lives.

Claire:

Andrew makes a good point, but personally, I see greater benefit in the social aspect of museum-
going. I think the biggest advantage of having a museum nearby is that people can come together for
events like exhibitions and lectures or to volunteer. Museums foster a sense of community in a city.
They can unite people in a common appreciation of something.

Answer:

I agree with both Andrew and Claire about the significant advantages of having a museum in a city,
but I lean towards Claire's perspective on the social aspect. While museums undoubtedly inspire and
offer unique experiences, it is the sense of community and shared appreciation they foster that I find
most compelling.

Museums serve as cultural hubs, bringing people together from diverse backgrounds to engage in
collective learning and appreciation of art, history, and scientific discoveries. They host exhibitions,
lectures, and events that encourage dialogue and exchange of ideas among visitors. This fosters a
sense of belonging and cultural identity within the community.

Moreover, museums often rely on volunteers and collaborations with local organizations, further
reinforcing the bonds between residents and the museum itself. These interactions create a vibrant
and inclusive space that contributes positively to the city's social fabric.

In conclusion, while museums indeed inspire and enrich individual experiences, their ability to bring
people together and create a shared sense of community makes them a valuable asset for any city.

Word count: 171

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Q25:

Doctor Achebe:

This week, we will be discussing leadership; more specifically, we will be examining the various
qualities found in all successful business leaders. To get you thinking about this topic, I’d like you to
consider the following question: What is more important for being an effective leader of a
business—excellent communication skills or a strong technical background in a particular industry?

Andrew:

The best leaders are the ones who are good communicators. If employees clearly understand what is
expected of them—if their leader can articulate clearly and concisely what they need to do to
achieve their goals—they will be more productive and efficient in their work.

Kelly:

It doesn’t matter how well a company’s leader communicates if they don’t have a deep
understanding of the business itself. Employees aren’t going to be motivated by a company
president who gives a great speech if it’s evident that the president doesn’t know what they do in
their day-to-day work.

Answer:

In considering the qualities of successful business leaders, I find myself agreeing with both Andrew
and Kelly to some extent. Excellent communication skills are undeniably vital for effective
leadership. A leader's ability to clearly articulate goals, expectations, and provide feedback fosters a
motivated and efficient workforce.

However, I also believe that a strong technical background in the industry is equally crucial. Leaders
must understand the intricacies of their business to make informed decisions and gain the respect of
their team. A leader with technical expertise can offer valuable insights, guide problem-solving, and
inspire confidence among employees.

The ideal leader strikes a balance between communication skills and technical knowledge. Being an
effective communicator alone might not ensure the leader understands the intricacies of the
industry, and vice versa. The combination of both attributes allows leaders to motivate their teams
and lead the organization to success through informed decision-making.

Word count: 147

39
Q26:

Doctor Gupta:

This week, we’ll study an issue that is often debated by economists. There are many large industries
that, while providing significant economic benefits, engage in practices that result in environmental
harm. Some would argue that economic success should never come at the cost of damage to the
environment. Do you agree with this view? Why or why not?

Paul:

I can’t say I agree. Everyone talks about protecting natural resources, but what about protecting
humans? Humans need the ability to work and provide for their families, and sometimes this means
creating jobs through industries that might contribute to pollution. Those industries can just be
monitored by environmental agencies. That’s a win-win solution.

Kelly:

I see your point, Paul, but I don’t think there are many industries that are so essential for the
economy that their impact on the environment can be ignored or merely “monitored.” Continual
environmental damage will one day lead to the extinction of species that are essentials to
agriculture. That will endanger our food chain.

Answer:

In considering the debate between economic success and environmental harm, I tend to agree with
Kelly's perspective. While economic growth and job creation are important, it should not come at
the expense of irreversible environmental damage. We must recognize that our natural resources
are finite and essential for the well-being of both humans and the planet.

Balancing economic prosperity with environmental sustainability is a complex challenge, but it is

crucial for the long-term survival of our planet and future generations. Ignoring or merely
monitoring the impact of industries that contribute to pollution is not a sustainable solution. We
need to prioritize the adoption of sustainable practices, invest in renewable energy sources, and
promote eco-friendly technologies to achieve economic growth without compromising the
environment.

By embracing green technologies and responsible environmental policies, we can foster economic
growth while safeguarding the health of our ecosystems and preserving biodiversity. Striking this
balance will ensure a healthier, more prosperous future for both humanity and the planet.

Word count: 162

40