Nature of Inquiry and Research Research Ethics (moral code of research)

• Voluntary participation
Inquiry
• Ask various questions on things that caught
curiosity
• An active learning process that motivates
someone in order to obtain knowledge (LOTS to
HOTS)
• A scientific way of thinking: (if elevated to a
higher level)
• Imagining
• Speculating
• Interpreting
• Criticizing
• Creating something out of the discovery
Research
• Use systematic ways of finding solutions to a
specific problem faced by people
• Scholarly activity (related to academic journey)
• Involves different stages:
• Identifying the problem
• Designing plan to gather information on
addressing the problem
• Collecting the data
• Analyzing and interpreting the data
• Making conclusion
Importance of Research
• To solve a specific problem
• To improve the way people do things
• To test an existing theory
• To discover something new that was not known
before
• To learn more about a certain topic of interest
• To complete our school/program requirement
• Never force anyone to participate
• No incentives will be given to the
participants of the study
• Informed Consent Form must be given
to the participant of the study
• Confidentiality
• Maintaining the secrecy of the personal
information of the participants
• Privacy
• Working with the convenience of the
participants
• Never leave information collected from
the participants on a place accessible to
other people
• Accuracy
• Accurate representation of the data
• Very good recording of information must
be observed
• Organized way of keeping records of the
data
• Truth
• Researchers are bounded to tell the
truth relevant to the research topic
Some Qualities of a Good Researcher
• Curious
• Effective and efficient
• Creative
• Honest
• Interested in improving life
• Meticulous
• Systematic
Quantitative and Qualitative Research

Characteristics of Research Quantitative research is objective, utilize

• Empirical numbers, collects quantitative data and focus
• Systematic on predetermined variables.
• Credible
• Focused on specific problem Strengths:
• Logical • Captures data and reality from a large group
• Critical of people at once
• Objective
Processes of Research • No research biases
1. identify a research topic • Generalize over a large population
2. identify a specific problem • Test theories and variables statistically
3. write down specific research questions • Well-structured data
4. conduct the literature review Weaknesses:
5. plan the research study • Limited factors/variables that can be
6. implement the research study studied in a given time
7. analyze the data • Based on truth expressed by majority
8. interpret the data • Hard for people not good in statistics
9. draw the conclusion
10. check the quality of research Qualitative research is rich, open, and
i. Is it well organized? subjective and provides a great approach in
ii. Does it observe good grammar? dealing with complex issues.
iii. Does it show all the characteristics of
research? Strengths:
• Studies complex issues or problems
• Based on data from natural settings
• Reflect more closely the reality of the
research participants
• Takes into account the real life of people
• Provides multiple perspectives about the
same problem from multiple sources
 Weaknesses:
• Based on limited number of participants
• Subjective
• Cumbersome data
• Takes more time to accomplish

Types of Research across Fields

1. Library Research
 Not considered as research in some
fields
 Data are not collected from participants
 Synthesis of the existing literature
2. Basic Research
 Sometimes referred as pure research
 A research study conducted to create
new knowledge or testing existing
theories
3. Applied Research
 A type of research that focuses on
solving a specific problem
 Helps to improve life and the way people
do their work
4. Field Research
 Conducted as part of a program or
project implementation
5. Laboratory Research
 Research that requires conducting an
experiment and reporting the outcome of
the experiment

Components of a Research Paper

Chapter 1: The Problem and Its Background/

Introduction
 Background of the Study
 Statement of the Problem
 Hypothesis
 Significance of the Study
 Scope and Limitations
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature
Chapter 3: Methodology
 Research Design
 Materials
 Procedures (usually divided into phases or
stages)
 Data Analysis
Chapter 4: Results and Discussion
Chapter 5: Conclusion

Additional components:
Research title
Abstract (written when the research is completed)
References
Acknowledgment
Appendix/ Appendices