Deformation frocesses Belk forming operons Nature of the deformation - mullidirectioneil defor mah on throught the volume of tre worted mass Tyger of worhing methods ~ extrusion, 6r9ing , rolling, drewing. open - die frying ant redial forging Aespanse to pout dedrmetion- Workarility : dejerds cn _dedility ard stress State (die geometry , workpiece geomebry , ane lWericeNch cenditions) - Sheek farming: opereKons sataruene: : : “Nr of th befirren aa cefyrethions by densile loads into a 3) sha Bt Types af varng neta | deep drawing , Sretening, and lending ____ _ Pesponse to_plashe cebrratin - formality: @ il E of a sheet mebl tu maintain. its shuctvrad, integeihy wre being as a shape Hot and (dd working _ . Doring cle working the grains da nok reform or recryst alize Dying hot working grains Go refirin an cerhguraten. Second - phase Par Neles (oxides or scales iJ lake a new —_—__——_—_—high demps —? imponty phaser Ferve gy veingreing Abers. Primeny produc hen mille ages breakdown —? Cast ingots, coarse microstructure, indergo— &_pinwary Pedeche Step eae ee Proliing mils —> plakecheet and bers, +he Inedat_here is _thrunger that the ingot site on ve to 4 more homogeneous grain Siructure. (ele rolling —> ray he almeccly he provided in 4 finished ste or the product may underge more steps while processing | Ingot brecbedoamn eer ha wor Ry is_pertor mec ct Ts greater ben cop oF HN abvolvl melting pint of the, alley (99ing —> Succesive defematin of a ro! eekon clong ite engin uring an cuen- die frp Ingots ane hot arled. extwosion. 1 feesing , rolling 0°?Polling Tw puk tte melel piece in hefueen tow voller) that are tuning in opposite directions (old Pring af thin Sheet und Srp “Petire perérming. cold rollins one wt cic pick the | wretal +0 remove omde or scale Pradceec! donng hot _| rolling. aaa “Prodichn begins v with a a ha ship from the hot tolling mill Mal} commen defect —> edge crackin nS, Consists &_apphiing Compressive 5 stress to q piee_ of metal “Two types of beging. drop_hxsiog anc_| é pres eae 7 Press ging. ae either ea “peek « r Ad rretal et ee Open die heging— He ~ Not ree die real werdepice) by dies “Used _for_ big pieces that do not At in closed ier “Cripps ny imaripolatorr, ord. deformed by lachieing Speke _crcas_of the piecedie Grging a “ : ary completely nelreen the pind L jo die! ted me tsetse, der, Proll forging eo - Used on heated pare - Tt consists of simultanecuthy recoding the cross-sechonal_abea_and changing the shape of _ heeded bars ,hillett,or plaics. by pasting, them hetueo tue rollers that ake rokahng ih oppose divec tons — Cust rormalyolling) ~ Better Sorkace Gnith Gnd breakdown of stale in zreel forgings cee ~Tmpred grain Ay Presigl forging jee “The Wrebll is forged between for dier pot ore arranged Wore plre with tue opposing cies ache on the flicce timy Uarecusly + Gr Ne seth cold and het wer lingHot upset forging “Used fer enlarging ane. reshaping part of the cress seeNONC Grea of a har or tohe, - This is core hy a heading bol that Spreads the end_of tre mck through displacerrent. (old forging “Doer nok generate wart, material compared to - Wethining 7 Used Re real medium Size hardware items, a fe _|_Caining, 2 Copapression tye of operation, the. ey or. | — fot pais trace by rested er hammered inte _the Surtet of a workpiece ~ Actually Considered 4 claxcd-die sqeeezing opercdin Rass Teeter nen ee > Bowed respectively. .on te pins pushing of sections through dies: se Seea Drawn One of tre oldort methods “jy rake lens pecets uth excellent sufec finishesAy he lube 2 cae protal Floow past the 1 mandre[, which conbold He oo as. Yee tune and Zyppordl it conng = Extwian [-Pealy sinker fo Stang, recaore they byt Cavitd of g deernation process Hee to precy, tong shaight , xemidinishe| medal prodect s10r., a har , solid ano belles Sections ~The mein difference helween the tee con he said ty be tt exinding 4 piece i) a faster Process than cold dre eae Ee eee scp) cscs eee ae -Pre-rolled billets or rund _ingatr Cn he worked _ ih ah exhosin press (an open anced die) ff Working temps are GO ob tre absolte meling — guint of the mekl E e (ald_extrws ce _ ~The metl is sqvected or squirted thrcusn 4 hele a die. ee ae + Alurninom and otter dochle myderialf are evily extuded - Farming : a A_ retail bar, tube, plete and _sheet cxe Ermed by Lanous Rencing « She thing a Te Me operator,- Harder medals hae greater degrees of springhech ce ty ct higher elashe lina. “Methods 40 cvercome springhacr * Over bending * Bottoming or se hhing * Stretch bending Bending of a_har and tbe —Feur basic me trods (Char ond ture stock) ___ | = Compression bending 7 Drawing hending 2 Shekch Bending oe = Proll_bending : ae _ = Compression bending —? Or. end_is_Aixed in place _ hie a rwrable shoe or roller compresses tre section against the form. _ - Draw handing =? chee again the piece ir fixed in Place and a wiper shee rereley creund the ferm to bend the workpiece. _ = = Grre tering) Wt Stretehs lending —> nped Fore m bot ends ane bent as it it Stretched areend 4 frm _| = Proll hending —> ures Bor mere parallel rei around He medtel bar. Sheet @rraing* Shearing sm to slit narrower sips, separa te party , cot cot a part or create a hole "Bending su of blanks in_press brakes or faorside machines, or by null frming for mass prodecton of Corrugated Sheet oe ° Yate Shetch farming of blanks by Gemly Clamping much ¢ all of the circumference and shaping by the nthe tran of 4 purcia___ & Peja drerming ‘of parr with becessec conturs by forcing sheed metal hetow een dies, U2u%lly withat Substankal thinning of the Sheet : * Spinning of sheet metal inte seamen holloes _ oylinders, Corerpete, * Explosive Groin for bulging orn hedecing tohes and Qrming shoes _